Abstract: The innovation concerns components and their application in concrete components, in particular in shear stressed reinforced concrete components. Proposed are novel concrete components which, apart from the flexural reinforcement, also intend different types of shear reinforcements in the form of novel components which at least partially encircle the flexural reinforcement.

Abstract: A device and method for creating a support structure. The device includes a pair of L-shaped form members connectable on their outer edges thereby producing a forming region therein. The form includes chamfer members disposable within the corners within the inner periphery of the form member. Also included, are sealing members for sealing the formable material placed in the form, wherein the sealing members include a chamfer member on one of their ends.

Abstract: A method of making a post cover. A first step involves providing a rigid elongate substrate having a first face, a second face, a first side edge and a second side edge, with parallel “V” grooves positioned lengthwise in the first face and a flexible backing covering the second face. A second step involves placing glue in all but one of the “V” grooves and forming the substrate into a tube, with the flexible backing covering the one “V” groove left unglued serving as a hinge which allows the tube to open and close lengthwise around a post.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of constructing a building, comprising the step of providing a skeleton for a building wall of the building. The skeleton includes at least upright building elements such as columns or dividing walls. At least one lightweight, heat insulating and fire retarding wall element is placed between each adjacent pair of said columns. The columns are covered to provide substantially closed wall surfaces. The wall surfaces are covered with a covering layer having properties so as to provide fire-resistance to the complete wall. The covering layer on the inside wall surface may include a base layer of modified resin mortar, and a top layer of plaster mortar. The covering layer on the outside wall surface may include a base layer of modified resin mortar and a top layer of mineral mortar.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for protecting a shingled roof of a building which includes the steps of selecting a flexible net shaped to fit a predetermined building roof which net has a plurality of net fastener components positioned around the edge thereof and then placing the selected net on the roof that it is made to cover and attaching each of the net fastener components in alignment with roof fastener components that have been attached to the edge of the building roof.

Abstract: A mosaic concrete product, methods of creating the same, and methods of fabricating a module for use in creating the mosaic are provided. The methods of installing the mosaic upon an uncured concrete surface utilize the module. The module may be fabricated by mapping out tile in a design corresponding to the mosaic; adhering the tile to a template utilizing an adhesive, the tile being positioned thereon corresponding to the design; and allowing the adhesive to set. The module may define upper and lower surfaces, the upper surface including the tile adhered thereto. The methods of installing the mosaic comprises: positioning the module upon the uncured concrete surface; embedding the tile into the concrete surface; massaging the tile into the concrete surface to interpose a quantity of cement/fines paste between the adjacent tiles; and finishing the concrete surface.

Abstract: A thermally insulating wall construction (1, 100, 199, 200 or 300), a masonry panel (5A, 513, 205A, 20513, 305A, 305B) and a method of fabricating masonry panels are disclosed. The panels are fabricated by pouring lightweight concrete into a mould (201) which includes a former (227) preferably formed from egg carton cardboard, or similar. The former (227) is retained in situ. Film or foil (28, 228) in one or several layers is positioned in a cavity (12) formed between opposed panels to thereby create a plurality of thermal barriers in stagnant air. High thermal ratings for wall constructions are thereby able to be achieved.

Abstract: A panel structure and a method of forming the panel structure are disclosed. The panel structure typically includes at least one panel or support associated with an activation material. The panel structure has been found particularly advantageous for use as an interior panel of an airplane although multiple other uses are contemplated as well.

Abstract: Method and relevant equipment for achieving stabilising ventilated coverings for palletised loads (P) with plastic film; the method comprising a first phase, or step, where the plastic film is applied to the load (P) to achieve a stabilising covering, and a following phase, or step, where the stabilising covering is perforated, making a plurality of holes to aerate the load (P) The equipment for carrying forth the method comprises at least one mobile supporting structure (33), that alternately approaches, and moves away, from the palletised load (P), and which has a plurality of perforating punches (4), each one making a hole in said covering of the palletised load (P).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing contents such as a drink contained in a container such as a PET bottle by filling the contents in the container, sealing the container and sterilizing the container includes steps of: filling the contents in a polyester container having a non-crystallized neck portion; sealing the container; and sterilizing the container in such a manner that temperature of the neck portion of the container during sterilization is maintained within a temperature range which is 61° C. or over and less than a glass transition temperature determined by moisture content of the container.

Abstract: The present invention provides a storage system having a storage device having at least one polymeric sheet sealed along a portion of its' periphery to provide an opening to a storage space; a resealable closure structure adapted to seal the opening to the storage space, the resealable closure structure comprising selectively engaging male and female profiles and a sealing compound comprising liquid silicone and at least one filler in proportions suitable for at least incidental contact to food items contained within the storage space; a vacuum valve assembly disposed on the polymeric sheet; a stand-off structure disposed adjacent to the vacuum valve assembly, wherein the stand-off structure has a series of raised surfaces facing the vacuum valve assembly; a portable vacuum pump assembly structured to engage the vacuum valve assembly; and a liquid separator assembly coupled to the portable vacuum pump assembly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a hinged lid side-by-side vertically hinged cigarette pack (10) having a first bundle (22) and a second bundle (23) of cigarettes is described. The machinery includes a first machine (30) to form a first foil wrapped bundle surrounded by a first inner frame, a second machine (31) for forming a second foil wrapped bundle surrounded by a second inner frame and a third machine (32) for combining the first and second foil wrapped bundle into a single hinged lid side-by-side vertically hinged pack.

Abstract: A device for producing tubular bags filled with bulk goods from continuous foil tubes. The device includes a pair of sealing tools that seal or weld the foil tubes in bag-length intervals. A pair of closing bars connected to the sealing tools are biased toward each other and press the foil tubes before the sealing tools are closed. A stripper is provided to remove the residue of the bulk goods from the area of the seal by a wiping motion in the direction of bag movement through the device. The closing bars are connected to the stripper so that through a closing movement of the closing bars, the stripper is pulled along in the run direction of the foil while touching the foil to strip the area to be sealed before the sealing tools close.

Abstract: The present invention provides a storage system having a storage device having at least one polymeric sheet sealed along a portion of its' periphery to provide an opening to a storage space; a resealable closure structure adapted to seal the opening to the storage space, the resealable closure structure comprising selectively engaging male and female profiles and a sealing compound comprising liquid silicone and at least one filler in proportions suitable for at least incidental contact to food items contained within the storage space; a vacuum valve assembly disposed on the polymeric sheet; a stand-off structure disposed adjacent to the vacuum valve assembly, wherein the stand-off structure has a series of raised surfaces facing the vacuum valve assembly; a portable vacuum pump assembly structured to engage the vacuum valve assembly; and a liquid separator assembly coupled to the portable vacuum pump assembly.

Abstract: The present invention refers to means for package sealing. In particular, it refers to a system of machines for package filling and sealing that comprises a pair of oscillating arms opposed and facing each other, simultaneously activated by a main cog through rods. The facing faces of the oscillating arms unite mid-point to them so, in other coordinated operation, to press, cut and seal the sleeve forming the bag in process, which displaces itself through that mid-point. The invention also involves means for pre-piling up in the feeding of the packages, as soon as means for compressing the packages by vibration and compressing the bale formed by the whole of the packages.

Abstract: The Horse Jock is a devise made of various types of fabric that will provide support for the exposed flaccid penis of a male horse, while the stallion is being treated for paraphimosis. Presently there is no known technical devise that supports the exposed flaccid penis of the stallion while it is being treated for condition. Currently and generally a “home-made” type of support, such as a bed sheet, is used to support the penis while it is being treated. The Horse Jock is much more feasible, more practical and far less unpleasant than the bed sheet method that is typically currently being used.

Abstract: A filtration unit for use with an environmental control unit (ECU), usually a portable ECU, which includes at least two air flow paths wherein at least one of the air flow paths allows for use of air which has not passed through a nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) filter and at least one other does. The filtration unit may have at least three air paths, at least two of which provide NBC filtered air. This filtration unit can provide for longer expected operational life before filter replacement is required in both contaminated and non-contaminated environments. Further, the filtration unit may include remote sensing and control apparatus allowing for quick switching between operational modes depending on the need for filtered vs. unfiltered air and for a decreased reliance on personnel for maintenance and control, and a more simplified setup.

Abstract: Exhaust vent pipes of existing buildings often admit unwanted substances such as insects, dust, dirt, weather-derived moisture and airborne contaminants into the building when their exhaust function is not in use. A device for installation on such exhaust vent pipes to prevent this problem, in its simplest form comprises a pipe length of slightly larger circumference than the vent pipe, equipped at its upper end with a hinged cap and adapted at its lower end to fit over and partially jacket the upper end of the vent pipe and to be stably connected to that vent pipe. Preferably the upper end of the device is constructed so that the pipe opening is angled downward from an upper high point or fulcrum on its circumference where the hinge of the cap is attached, whereby the cap, when closed, slants downward from the hinge which may either bisect the cap or occupy one portion of the rim of a unitary cap.

Abstract: A control system for a BBC on a mower comprises a pivotal bail and a pivotal housing that is linked to the BBC. If a push member on the housing is pushed inwardly from the side of the housing before the bail is pivoted, then a pin moves to a blocking position behind the bail. Subsequent pivoting of the bail will pivot the housing to actuate the BBC. A channel in the housing frictionally grips the bail to prevent rebound of the bail when a spring force resets the housing and the bail to their initial positions after the operator releases the bail. Movement of the push member also closes an interlock switch which will kill operation of the engine if a grass discharge outlet on the mower is un-covered.

Abstract: A machine for harvesting crops having stalks includes a plurality of mowing and intake devices for cutting and conveying the crop through a transverse conveying channel in a direction toward a longitudinal midplane of the machine. A deflection channel, which curves rearward in an arc from a direction extending perpendicular to a forward direction of travel of the machine toward an intake channel arranged along the midplane at a rear side of the machine. Deflection conveying means are arranged adjacent a rear side of the deflection channel to convey the crop coming from the transverse conveying channel through the deflection channel. An additional conveying means, which moves relative to, and has drivers sweeping through, the deflection channel is formed separate from the mowing and intake devices and is arranged on the same side of the midplane as the deflection conveying means, but at a forward side of the deflection channel.

Abstract: A lawn mower includes a cutting device placed underneath a mower deck housing that surrounds the cutting device. The lawn mower further comprises a grass outlet in the mower deck housing. The outlet is leading cut grass via a discharge chute to a bag where the grass is collected. The end of the discharge chute is provided with a door that closes the discharge chute when the bag is removed from the lawn mower. The door is rotatable around an axis parallel to the axial direction of the discharge chute and automatically rotated to not cover the end of the discharge chute when the bag is secured to the lawn mower.

Abstract: A variable width mower deck has three cutting chambers mounted under a top deck surface. Two of the cutting chambers may be moved between a retracted cutting position and an extended cutting position. An endless belt engages the pulleys on each spindle to rotate the rotary cutting blades. The left and right cutting chambers move between the retracted and extended positions while maintaining engagement between the endless belt and the pulleys.

Abstract: A baler having an inlet area for receiving netwrap wherein it is a short distance between the drum roller and the closest belt roller. The netwrap guide at bottom of baler includes a feed pan having flexible net guides that are narrower than the bale forming belts. This netwrap guide has supporting cross members underneath it but there are no cross members in close vicinity to the lower belt roller to keep excess crop from accumulating there. There is also a netwrap guide at front of the baler for feeding netwrap material into contact with the periphery of a formed bale, including a guide positioned generally above the pickup for directing crop material previously inserted into the bale formation chamber and the netwrap material away from the pickup. The baler also has a novel netwrap feeding and cutting mechanism.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a highly supercharged, regenerative gas-turbine system. The gas turbine comprises a compressor, a regenerator, a combustor, and an expander. A pre-compressor pressurizes air going into the compressor section of the gas turbine. A cooler lowers the temperature of the air going into the compressor. The compressor pressurizes air, which then flows through the regenerator, which heats the air before it enters the combustor. The combustor further heats the air which then flows through the expander and then the regenerator. A post-expander is preferably located downstream of the regenerator. The post-expander is a second expander that receives high-pressure gas exiting the regenerator. The post-expander preferably drives the pre-compressor. The preferred pre-compressor and post-expander are toroidal intersecting vane machines (TIVMs), which are positive-displacement rotary devices. Numerous alternated embodiments of this basic system are described.

Abstract: The gas turbine engine comprises at least one electrical generator and an electrical heater associated with a gas path of the engine. The heater is powered by the generator to selectively add heat to the gas turbine cycle.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for estimating an amount of deposited particulates (PM) in a collector of an internal combustion engine. The method includes estimating the amount of inflow of PM into the collector and estimating a basic amount of decreased PM that flows into the collector and is burned and decreased. The method also includes estimating the amount of ash deposited on the collector. The method further includes correcting the basic amount of decreased PM based on the estimated amount of ash. Moreover, the method includes estimating an amount of deposited PM by a history expression based on the estimated amount of inflow of PM and the corrected amount of decreased PM. A related device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for controlling temperature of a catalyst. The method includes monitoring temperature of the catalyst and determining that the catalyst is outside of a catalyst operating temperature window. If the catalyst temperature is high enough for exothermic reaction to occur, reformate is injected into the catalyst. If the catalyst not high enough for exothermic reaction to occur, reformate is injected upstream of the catalyst and ignited.

Abstract: Testing of temperature sensors (28, 30, 32) in an emission control system, such as in an exhaust system (10) of a diesel engine, serves to condition further component and/or system testing by determining that sufficient sensor cooling has occurred and that no sensor is “stuck within range” using a strategy (50).

Abstract: For preventing clogging in an injection nozzle for supplying a reducing agent to exhaust gas flow on an upstream side of a reducing catalyst and for improving the efficiency of NOx purification processing, the injection nozzle 14 has a tip end portion 18 provided with a ring shaped protruding ridge 19 disposed on an outer peripheral surface of an exhaust gas downstream side end portion of the tip end portion 18 that is arranged substantially in parallel with an exhaust gas flow direction A inside an exhaust pipe 13, the ring shaped protruding ridge 19 being provided with injection hole or holes 20 drilled outward from the central axis of the injection nozzle 14, so that the reducing agent is ejected on the exhaust gas upstream side of the reduction catalyst, from the injection holes 20.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying exhaust gas in an internal combustion engine provided with an LNT (and a particulate matter filter arranged in an exhaust gas conduit of said engine, comprising de-sulfurisation of said LNT and regeneration of said particulate matter filter.

Abstract: An exhaust purification apparatus has an engine controller with a storage device that stores information regarding when it is time for regeneration of the filter. The exhaust purification apparatus carries out a regeneration process of the filter based on the information stored in the storage device when the time for regeneration of the filter has been reached. The exhaust purification apparatus also determines whether an engine operation is taking place for the first time following replacement of the engine controller, and then forcibly carries out the regeneration process of the filter upon determining that engine operation is taking place for the first time following replacement of the engine controller.

Abstract: An exhaust emission purifying apparatus has a NOx reduction catalytic converter in an exhaust passage of an engine, for purifying nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas by reduction with urea aqueous solution; an injection nozzle injecting the urea solution toward an exhaust upstream side of the converter in the exhaust passage; and fins disposed on an exhaust upstream side of an injection position of the urea solution in the injection nozzle, for generating a spiral swirling flow of the gas swirling about a center corresponding to the central axis of an exhaust pipe. The swirling flow generated in the exhaust gas prior to the injection-supply of the urea aqueous solution promotes mixing of the solution with the gas to thereby promote the hydrolysis of the urea solution. And the exhaust gas and ammonia generated from the urea solution are uniformly mixed together.

Abstract: A vehicle exhaust aftertreatment system for controlling emissions from an engine includes, in serial order: an exhaust outlet from the engine, an exhaust catalyst assembly that is in fluid communication with the exhaust outlet and includes a first NOx component coupled with a downstream oxidation catalyst, and a second NOx adsorber that is downstream from and in fluid communication with the oxidation catalyst of the exhaust catalyst assembly.

Abstract: A particulate trap regeneration system is provided, which may include a particulate trap having a filter medium configured to remove one or more types of particulate matter from an exhaust flow of an engine and a regeneration device configured to reduce an amount of particulate matter in the particulate trap, as well as a radio frequency-based particulate loading monitoring system configured to determine an amount of particulate matter trapped by the filter medium. The particulate loading monitoring system may include at least one radio frequency probe configured to transmit radio frequency signals of predetermined magnitude and predetermined frequency toward the filter medium and at least one radio frequency probe configured to receive and measure the magnitude of received radio frequency signals that pass through the filter medium. Further, the system may be configured to transmit radio frequency signals along a length of the exhaust conduit.

Abstract: A method of improving scavenging operation of a two-stroke internal combustion engine. The exhaust pressure of the engine is analyzed to determine if there is a pulsation frequency. Acoustic modeling is used to design an absorber. An appropriately designed side branch absorber may be attached to the exhaust manifold.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine having a first cylinder and a second cylinder from which pulses of exhaust gas exit and are routed along separate paths towards the exhaust mufflers. The exhaust system independently routes the pulses of exhaust gas from the two cylinders. The exhaust gases that are expelled from the first cylinder are routed through a first exhaust pipe. The exhaust gases that are expelled from the second cylinder are routed through a second exhaust pipe assembly. The second exhaust pipe assembly routes the exhaust gasses from an exhaust port for the second cylinder laterally across the motorcycle to achieve a true dual exhaust system. The second exhaust pipe assembly provides an approximate equal length flow path as compared to the path used by the exhaust gasses that are expelled from the first cylinder.

Abstract: In construction machinery, control is conducted to keep a work machine to operate at a constant speed regardless of the operation thereof. Different engine output lines T0-T3 and pump torque lines M1-M4 are defined for different operation types. All the matching points of the engine output lines T0-T3 and pump torque lines M1-M4 designate a constant engine speed N1. One engine output line and one pump torque line are selected according to the operation type presently selected. An output horsepower of the engine is controlled on an equal horsepower line corresponding to a sum of a horsepower for an auxiliary machine and a horsepower at a matching point of the selected lines. The pump torque for the work machine is controlled on the selected pump torque line. The engine operates at a constant speed N1 even when the operation type varies or the horsepower for the auxiliary machine changes.

Abstract: Apparatus, system, and method for controlling a desired torque output on a hydromechanical transmission. Controlling torque output of a hydromechanical transmission provides improved operator feel and control. A control module determines a desired torque output and determines a pressure necessary to influence the displacement of the variable displacement pump to output the desired torque output. A pressure-controlling valve applies that amount of pressure to an actuator, which moves in response thereto, to change the displacement of the variable displacement pump. When the motor speed changes, the control module adjusts the pressure applied to the actuator to provide the desired torque output.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydraulic system for utility vehicles, in particular agricultural tractors, for supplying primary and/or auxiliary pressure medium consumers (6, 11, 12) with pressure medium, comprising a pump (1), whose pressure and flow are controlled as a function of the load pressure of the pressure medium consumers by a pressure and flow controller (13) to which whenever auxiliary pressure medium consumers (11, 12) are operating, a higher load pressure compared to the actual load pressure is reported through an amplifier device. In order to obtain rapid response of an actuated auxiliary pressure medium consumer it is proposed that the amplifier device (29) consists of a proportionally controllable pressure reducing valve (39).

Abstract: A hydraulic system that includes an actuator, a pump, a servo-motor, and (optionally) an actuator position sensor, an actuator hydraulic pressure sensor, a comparator, a servo-valve, and a hydraulic fluid filter. The pump communicates with the actuator and provides hydraulic fluid to the actuator to control it. Also, the pump includes a hydraulic fluid inlet, outlet, and a bypass path from the outlet to the inlet. The bypass path allows a portion of the hydraulic fluid to bypass the pump. In response to a signal to control the actuator, the servo-motor (which is operatively coupled to the pump) drives the pump. As a result of the bypass path, the servo-motor is able to run continuously thereby avoiding the on/off hysteresis of the pump. Methods of positioning hydraulic actuators are also provided.

Abstract: An engine uses a top dead center piston stop device. It is fed by compressed air, via a working capacity, which, in the bi-energy version, includes a device for heating the air supplied by additional energy. The active expansion chamber consists of a variable volume or charge piston sliding in a cylinder, coupled to a space above the engine piston via a passage. When stoped at upper dead center, the pressurized air is admitted into the expansion chamber with the smallest volume thereof and, under the effect of thrust, increases the volume thereof by producing work; the expansion chamber is then kept at a maximum volume during expansion of the engine cylinder driving back the engine piston in its downward stroke, providing work of its own. During exhaust, the two pistons travel in an upward stroke and simultaneously reach top dead center in order to resume a new cycle.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas turbocharger with a compressor casing, turbine housing and bearing housing is supported on a base in the area of the bearing housing by means of a first support and in the area of the turbine housing by means of a second support. The second support is made in at least two parts, whereby the two parts can be moved relative to one another in the support direction. As a result, the length of the supports can be varied and counterbalance a temperature-related raising or lowering of the exhaust-gas turbocharger housing.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine comprising a compressor and a turbine interconnected by a shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, and an electric machine which can be connected to the exhaust gas turbocharger via a clutch, the exhaust gas turbocharger can be driven at least temporarily by a disk-shaped flywheel rotatably supported on the shaft and being operable selectively by the turbine and by an electro-dynamic structure for improving the response behavior of the exhaust gas turbocharger.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a compressor housing and a turbine housing wherein at least one of the compressor housing and the turbine housing includes an anti-ballistic material such as, for example, aramid fibers, S glass fibers and/or carbon fibers. A turbocharger system optionally includes a temperature controller that controls temperature in instances where operational temperatures may be detrimental to the performance characteristics of anti-ballistic material. Various other exemplary devices, methods, systems, etc., are also disclosed.

Abstract: Energy recovery system and method of using the same. The system is configured to capture the dissipated waste heat by an internal combustion engine and convert the same into electrical energy.

Abstract: A heat energy reclaim system and method for providing output power from input latent heat energy of a hot source fluid and including means for capturing the latent heat energy from the hot source fluid, that includes an input distribution pipe network for distributing the hot source fluid along a plurality of paths with reduced flow and flow rate, and a respective external heat motor operatively connected to each reduced flow path to provide a portion of the output power. Each motor has shaped piston heads to improve heat transfer between the internal gas and the cylinder walls exposed to the hot source fluid and a cold source fluid, respectively, as well as small internal gas conduits also exposed to the hot source fluid, and other characteristics; therefore increasing the motor and system efficiency.

Abstract: A method for improvement of a fossil fuel energy conversion into electrical energy for the simple sub—and supercritical steam cycle is disclosed through introduction of additional regenerative cycle duties to improve the evaporation rate per unit of fuel burned, thus minimizing condenser heat loss of the working media. The additional duties provide a supplemental energy credit in the form of heat input to a steam generator where a modified combustion process is realized to convert fossil fuel into carbon monoxide and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure and thus achieving an essential reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) formation. The additional duties also involve a direct contact heat transfer to recover latent and thermal energy, contained in the discharged combustion products to provide yet another energy credit that satisfies both conventional and/or added regenerative cycle duties.

Abstract: A steam turbine includes a bucket implanted in a turbine rotor and a nozzle disposed on an upstream side of the bucket and supported by a turbine casing, in which a plurality of stages, each including the bucket and the nozzle, are arranged axially in the turbine so as to define a steam path. A hydrophilic coating portion is disposed in the entire area or an area of at least one portion of a circumferential surface of the turbine rotor, surfaces of the nozzles, surfaces of the buckets, and an inner circumferential surface of the turbine casing.

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel system is provided. The method includes removing fuel from at least a portion of the fuel system using a gravity drain process. The method also includes channeling nitrogen into at least a portion of the fuel system to facilitate removing air and residual fuel from at least a portion of the fuel system, thereby mitigating a formation of carbonaceous precipitate particulates. The method further includes removing air and nitrogen from at least a portion of the fuel system during a fuel refilling process using a venting process such that at least a portion of the fuel system is substantially refilled with fuel and substantially evacuated of air and nitrogen. The method also includes removing air from at least a portion of the refilled fuel system using a venting process. The method further includes recirculating fuel within at least a portion of the fuel system, thereby removing heat from at least a portion of the fuel system and facilitating a transfer of operating fuel modes.

Abstract: The system is used for taxiing an aircraft and comprises at least one multi-spool gas turbine engine, the engine having an electrical motor in a torque-driving engagement with a low pressure spool of the engine. The low pressure spool has a propulsor connected thereon to generate thrust when rotated. A controller is connected to the electrical motor and an electrical power source to control an amount of electrical power provided from the power source to the electrical motor so as to drive the propulsor and cause at least a major portion of the thrust to be generated by the propulsor for moving the aircraft during taxiing.