Abstract: A kit for building a modular building structure. The kit includes a wall panel having a wall panel body, the wall panel body defining a wall panel body first end and a substantially opposed wall panel body second end. The wall panel includes wall panel first and second attachments extending from the wall panel body and located respectively substantially adjacent the wall panel first end. The wall panel first and second attachments are spaced apart relative to each other by a predetermined distance. At least two substantially elongated posts, each including an attachment receiving section for receiving one of the wall panel first and second attachments are also provided. The kit further includes a substantially elongated post positioning member, the post positioning member defining substantially longitudinally opposed post positioning member first and second ends.

Abstract: In an assembly of structural elements such as beams, columns, walls and floors, one selects materials such as wood which is resistant to compression. Beams placed side by side, or one on top of the other are retained by a network of steel bands installed between and through the beams. Bands with an array of teeth on both sides or winches applying tension to the steel bands, counterbalance the tensile and shear forces created in the assembly through loading and they behave in the same way as steel rods in reinforced concrete. The strategic positioning of the network of bands in the apparatus serves in grouping and reinforcing the structural elements.

Abstract: Cassette system with cassette (17,27,37,47) and method for grouping a number of flexible packs (10). It is proposed that the cassette be produced from two parts which are hinged with respect to one another, one or more flexible packs being placed in each part. The parts of the cassette with the flexible pack or flexible packs placed thereon are then moved relative to one another, and more particularly are rotated, in order thus to obtain a group of packs where the packs lie close together. The group thus obtained is then placed in an outer pack such as a box.

Abstract: Provided are a vial capping device and a vial capping method allowing the cap to be reliably fastened to the vial with a simple construction. The vial capping device has: a cap installation ring (35) equipped with an inner periphery thread (56) to be threadedly engaged with a thread (9) of an outer peripheral surface of a cap (1); a holding device (71) for holding a vial (1); a movement device (71) for bring ing at least one of a thread (6) of the inner peripheral surface of the cap attached to the cap (2) installation ring (35) and an opening (3) of the vial (1) close to the other; and a tightening motor (42) for rotating at least one of the cap installation ring (35) and the holding device (71).

Abstract: A method of packing shutter panels including applying foam clips to sides of a shutter panel. The ends of the foam clips extend beyond ends of the shutter panel so that the ends of the foam clips overhang the panel. A plastic covering wrapped around the foam clips and the shutter panel is wrapped tight enough to compress and bend the ends of the foam clips inward toward the panel to form protective corners.

Abstract: A package having a reclosable pour spout is disclosed, with the package including front and rear package panels which may be joined at respective side edges thereof by inwardly extending side gussets. An upper edge portion of the package is removable, including one of the side gussets, to form a pour spout for dispensing the contents of the package. A fastener strip, which can be detachably connected to itself, extends between confronting inside surfaces of the front and rear package panels, adjacent to the pour spout, whereby the pour spout can be conveniently closed after the package is initially opened. A method of forming the present package is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for sterile filling of beverage containers has a first module and a second module. The first module rinses and sterilizes empty containers and delivers the sterilized containers to the second module. The second module fills and caps the containers with beverage product at ambient temperature in an active sterilization zone utilizing an e-beam sterilization unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for sterile filling of beverage containers has a first module and a second module. The first module rinses and sterilizes empty containers and delivers the sterilized containers to the second module. The second module fills and caps the containers with beverage product at ambient temperature in an active sterilization zone utilizing an e-beam sterilization unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for sterile filling of beverage containers has a first module and a second module. The first module rinses and sterilizes empty containers and delivers the sterilized containers to the second module. The second module fills and caps the containers with beverage product at ambient temperature in an active sterilization zone utilizing an e-beam sterilization unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for sterile filling of beverage containers has a first module and a second module. The first module rinses and sterilizes empty containers and delivers the sterilized containers to the second module. The second module fills and caps the containers with beverage product at ambient temperature in an active sterilization zone utilizing an e-beam sterilization unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shrinking process for producing solid, transportable and printable containers by wrapping the articles to be packaged with a film in such a manner as to produce an overlapping section of the film ends on the base area, heating by heat exchange or convection in order to seal the free ends in the area of overlap, and finally heating in a shrinking oven, the container so produced being stabilized by the shrinking process.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for making a container (1) comprising two or more compartments, said method including the following steps: a first step of heat sealing (S1) performed between two sheets (111, 112) so as to form the periphery of the container and performed at a temperature such that said seal (S1) is resistant to a predetermined stress, while providing filling orifices (12), a second step of heat sealing (S2) performed to form at least one separation between the compartments (13) and performed at a second temperature lower than said first temperature and such that said seal (S2) is breakable by said stress, a third step of filling said compartments (13). The invention is characterized in that after said first sealing step, the two sealed sheets (111, 112) are arranged in a mold (2, 2?) whose shape they match under the pressure of a gas.

Abstract: A bag-making and packaging machine, in which a horizontal bag-making machine and a packaging machine are provided, including a positioning conveyor for positioning bags fed out from the horizontal bag-making machine, a feed conveyor for feeding the bags to the packaging machine, and first, second, and third transport mechanisms provided between the positioning conveyor and the feed conveyor. The first transport mechanism lifts up the bags up and change their attitude to a vertical attitude with the bag mouths oriented upward. The second transport mechanism receives the bags from the first transport mechanisms, transports them, and rotates the bags to orient bag surfaces in the feed direction of the feed conveyor. The third transport mechanisms receives the bags from the second transport mechanisms, changes their attitude to a horizontal attitude, and places them on the feed conveyor with the bag mouths oriented in the feed direction.

Abstract: There is provided a method of loading a container with a defined quantity of product which comprises the steps of a) closing off a perforation (12a, 12b) in a perforated plate (10); b) directing powder (30) into said closed-off perforation; and c) transferring the contents of the perforation to said container.

Abstract: A currency sorter has: take-in means (106) for taking currency notes in sorter one by one; discriminating means (105) for discriminating the currency notes; stacking means (111 to 115) for stacking the currency notes according to the discrimination result obtained by said discriminating means; bundling means (200) for bundling a predetermined number of the currency notes; a money returning unit at which an odd currency note which is a fraction of the predetermined number of the currency notes is returned, first conveyer means for conveying the predetermined number of the currency notes from all deposited in said stacking means with grabbing them to the bundling means; and second conveyer means for conveying the odd currency notes left in the stacking means with grabbing them to said money returning unit.

Abstract: The invention refers to a bag packaging machine with vertical intermittent operation, which comprises a sealing station (A) for the opposite pair of films (F) that form the bags (H), in which two sealing plates (7) operate in opposite position with respect to the symmetrical vertical axis Y-Y of the machine, which are supported with possibility of free sliding by corresponding frames (9) fixed to free shafts (17) that extend from the back to the front of the machine with forward inclination towards the front of the machine (1).

Abstract: The machine comprises: folder means forming a vertically-developing continuous tubular package; first welding organs acting on vertical edges of the continuous tubular package for closing the package; a first station, situated below the folder means, in which second welding organs operate, with a horizontal motion performed transversal of the continuous tubular package, to define consecutive envelopes; a second station, underlying the first station, in which the cutting organs operate, with a horizontal motion which is transversal of the continuous tubular package to separate an envelope occupying a lowest position in a line of the envelopes; drawing organs, for gripping the lower flap of the lowest envelope in the line, at the second station, for determining a descent by a step of the line of envelopes and the continuous tubular package, in phase relation with the inoperative positions of the first welding organs and the second welding organs as well as the cutting organs.

Abstract: A two-piece strapping tool having a manual tensioner and a battery-operated sealer is disclosed. The tensioner is a feedwheel tensioner that uses a serrated feedwheel to grip a first portion of the strap and a tension gripper to hold a second portion of the strap in a stationary position. The tensioner is configured to matingly receive the sealer between the tensioner's support legs such that the sealer may readily engage the overlapping portions of the strap to be welded. The sealer is battery-operated and uses a vibrational-type weld assembly driven by an electrical motor to weld overlapping portions of the strap. The sealer also includes a cutting assembly to sever the welded strap from a strap source.

Abstract: An adjustable saddle and saddle tree assembly including an adjustable pommel frame assembly in communication with the saddle side bars whereby lateral adjustment of the adjustable pommel frame assembly effectively adjusts the lateral spacing of the saddle bars and thereby the overall fit of the saddle.

Abstract: The invention refers to a centrifugal separator for cleaning of a gas containing liquid impurities. The centrifugal separator comprises a stationary casing, which encloses a separation space and has an inner wall surface. A rotating member is provided in the separation space and arranged to rotate in a direction of rotation around an axis (x) of rotation. The rotating member brings the gas to rotation for separation of the liquid impurities from the gas. A gas outlet is provided for discharge of the cleaned gas. A first liquid outlet is provided downstream the rotating member for discharge of separated liquid impurities. The separation space comprises an annular surface which extends between the rotating member and the inner wall surface. The annular surface is configured to transport liquid impurities radially outwardly to the first liquid outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for welding metallic fibers to form a knitted fabric having a predetermined width, include feeding a composite of metallic fibers to an apparatus for welding the fibers to form a knitted fabric, and separately welding a plurality of partial sections of the composite in a time period, in which the composite is at a standstill, for example through the use of a plurality of welding electrode pairs which are disposed over the width of the composite. A method for filtering exhaust gases and an exhaust-gas treatment component are also provided.

Abstract: A system for improving maneuverability and safety of a clutch driven landscaping utility vehicle has a set of vehicle track belts comprising of one track belt per set of front and rear wheels, a tension adjuster for controlling tension of the track belts over the wheels, and a track guard for preventing debris from dislodging the track belt during operation.

Abstract: A remote control system and apparatus enabling safely accessing the interior of a cotton compacting chamber and other regions of a cotton harvester, and also operating aspects of the compacting apparatus contained therein and thereabout, and which system is optionally operable for operating other aspects of the harvester, for inspection, maintenance and/or service, as well as other purposes. The system requires initial steps, including to safely neutralize or lock out operating systems of the harvester, then enables accessing designated interior locations of the compactor and the ability to operate systems therein, including aspects of the compacting apparatus.

Abstract: A polyester combined-filament yarn having an excellent stretch property and a bathochromic effect, as well as uniformity of apparent dyed color density, comprises two different multifilament components (A) and (B), wherein the multifilament component (A) comprises polyester filaments composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer, a metal-containing phosphorus compound (a) and an alkaline earth metal compound (b), and a conjugate multifilament component (B) comprises side-by-side or eccentric core-sheath conjugate polyester filaments composed of two mutually different polyester resins (at least one of which is polytrimethylene terephthalate resin), the mass ratio (A)/(B) of components (A) and (B) is in the range of 80/20 to 50/50. Woven or knitted fabrics comprising the combined-filament yarn are useful for women's and men's fashion apparel and black formals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a methane engine for rocket propulsion. A methane supply pump (36) operated by a turbine (30) supplies a part of methane to a nozzle cooling channel (56, 156) installed on a nozzle (54, 154) of a combustor (50, 150) and supplies the other part of the methane to a combustion chamber cooling channel (53, 153) installed on a combustion chamber (52, 152) of the combustor (50, 150) so as to regulate the amount of methane supplied to a mixing head (51, 151) while maintaining the cooling properties of the combustor (50, 150), thus providing extensity of coping with changes in propulsive force and design of the combustor (50, 150). Further, a part of methane in a gas state discharged from the combustion chamber cooling channel (53, 153) is supplied to a mixing head (76) of a gas generator (94), thus providing the re-liability of the engine.

Abstract: An actuator arrangement comprises an actuator having a rotatable drive input, a motor, and a drive transmission arrangement for transmitting rotary drive from the motor to the rotatable drive input of the actuator, wherein the transmission arrangement includes a telescopic drive coupling.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a performance of an oxygen sensor is disclosed. One embodiment comprises determining a first air/fuel ratio from a signal from an exhaust oxygen sensor; determining a second air/fuel ratio from a temperature upstream of the particulate filter, a pressure differential across the particulate filter and one or more of an airflow into the engine and a fuel flow into the engine; comparing the first air/fuel ratio and the second air/fuel ratio; and diagnosing an error condition of the oxygen sensor if the first air/fuel ratio does not meet a predetermined condition relative to the second air/fuel ratio.

Abstract: A method for determining malfunction of a nitrogen oxide sensor compares a nitrogen oxide amount detected by the sensor with a predetermined value of nitrogen oxide. If the difference between the predetermined value and the amount detected by the sensor is within a predetermined range, the method determines whether an engine is in a steady state. If the engine is in a steady state, the method changes one or more engine control parameters, thereby varying an actual nitrogen oxide amount. After changing the parameters, the method determines whether the amount detected by the sensor changes. The method determines that the sensor is malfunctioning if the amount detected by the sensor does not change. A selective catalytic reduction system includes a first nitrogen oxide sensor, a selective catalytic reduction apparatus, and a second nitrogen oxide sensor, all disposed in an exhaust pipe. A control portion performs the above-described method.

Abstract: As one embodiment, a method of operating an engine including at least a first cylinder and a second cylinder is provided. The method comprises operating the first cylinder of the engine to provide a net flow of gases from an intake manifold to an exhaust manifold over a plurality of cycles of the first cylinder and performing auto-ignition in said first cylinder of a mixture including said gases; and during said operation of the first cylinder, operating the second cylinder of the engine to provide a net flow of gases from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold.

Abstract: As one embodiment, a method of operating an engine including at least a first cylinder and a second cylinder is provided. The method comprises operating the first cylinder of the engine to provide a net flow of gases from an intake manifold to an exhaust manifold for a plurality of cycles of the first cylinder and combusting a first mixture including the gases in the first cylinder by auto-ignition; and during the operation of the first cylinder, repetitively operating the second cylinder of the engine to admit gases from the intake manifold into the second cylinder and retaining the admitted gases within the second cylinder for a period before exhausting the admitted gases into the intake manifold; and adjusting an operating parameter of the second cylinder to vary a timing of the auto-ignition by the first cylinder.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine including at least a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the method comprising operating the first cylinder of the engine to provide a net flow of gases from an intake manifold to an exhaust manifold while combusting a mixture including said gases in said first cylinder during each cycle of the first cylinder; and during said operation of the first cylinder, operating the second cylinder of the engine to provide a net flow of gases from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold, wherein said net flow of gases from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold includes at least a portion of said combusted mixture by the first cylinder.

Abstract: A reservoir for holding a fluid for supply to a fluid dosing device for introducing the fluid into a gas flow, the reservoir comprising: an outer container; an inner container located within the outer container, the inner container being arranged to hold the fluid; an outlet in the outer container, the outlet being in fluid communication with the inner container; wherein the inner container is flexible.

Abstract: An injection device for administering a reagent into an exhaust chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising a device inlet and a device outlet and a sub-assembly held securely within a device housing. The sub-assembly comprises (i) valve housing defining a valve seat, (ii) valve means movable outwardly from the valve housing, away from the valve seat, to permit the reagent to be delivered into the exhaust chamber through the device outlet, whereby a force is applied to the valve means due to reagent delivered to the device inlet which serves to urge the valve means away from the valve seat, and (iii) bias means for applying a biasing force to the valve means which serves to urge the valve means against the valve seat so as to prevent delivery of the reagent through the device outlet into the exhaust chamber.

Abstract: According to the invention, an exhaust gas purification device for an engine is provided. The device comprises: a plurality of cylinders, the cylinders being divided into at least two cylinder groups; exhaust branch pipes connected to the cylinder groups at their upstream ends, respectively; a common exhaust pipe connected to the downstream ends of the exhaust branch pipes; and a NOx catalyst positioned in the common exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A muffler for a small engine includes a first expansion chamber 12 for exhaust gas having an exhaust gas inlet 11 being connected to an exhaust gas outlet of the engine, a second expansion chamber 15 being partitioned from the first expansion chamber 12 by a partition plate 14 and being communicated with the first expansion chamber 12 through a first communicating hole 13 on the partition plate 14, and a third expansion chamber 18 being partitioned from the second expansion chamber 15 by the partition plate 14 and being communicated with the second expansion chamber 15 through a second communicating hole 16 on the partition plate 14 and having an exhaust gas outlet 17. A first heat resistant mesh catalyst 19 is disposed on the exhaust gas inlet 11. A first exhaust gas purifier 20 composed of a heat resistant knit fabric 20a coated with a catalyst for purifying the exhaust gas is disposed on the communicating hole 13 on the partition plate 14.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust gas purifier capable of appropriately purifying harmful components discharged even from an internal combustion engine or a combustion instrument operated mainly in excess-air conditions. Particularly, the exhaust gas purifier is capable of appropriately removing nitrogen oxides, particulate matters including soot, etc. and in addition, capable of maintaining its purification capability without reduction.

Abstract: A flow diffuser for vehicles of the type having an engine and an exhaust pipe generally includes a substantially tubular body having an outer surface and a first end configured for attachment to an exhaust pipe. The flow diffuser further includes a diffusion portion including at least one channel having a root end located near the outer surface, an exit port, and a channel axis extending between the root end and the exit port, the channel increasing in flow area along the channel axis to reduce exhaust gas velocity.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed for the exhaust gas train of a motor vehicle with an exhaust gas carrying exchanger tube that is formed separately and is disposed in a closed housing formed separately, a coolant flowing through the housing and around the outer side of the exchanger tube. The housing forms at least one housing cover and one housing case, the housing case being tightly closed by the housing cover. Both ends of the exchanger tube are conducted for gas and liquid tight connection through the housing cover so that the inlet and the outlet of the exchanger tube are disposed outside of the housing.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for an exhaust gas train of a motor vehicle with an exhaust gas carrying exchanger tube that is formed separately and is disposed in a closed housing formed separately, a coolant flowing through the housing and around the outer surface of the exchanger tube. The housing includes a housing portion that forms one common mechanical interface for connecting the heat exchanger to the exhaust gas train and a coolant circuit of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed for the exhaust gas line of a motor vehicle including at least one exchanger tube that is formed separately and disposed in a closed housing formed separately, a coolant flowing through the housing and around the outside of the exchanger tube. An inlet and/or an outlet of the exchanger tube are located outside the housing, wherein the exchanger tube is guided through a wall of the housing at a feed-through point in a coolant- and/or exhaust gas-tight manner. Additionally, a manufacturing method for the heat exchanger and an assembly tool which can be advantageously used in the method are disclosed.

Abstract: A temperature regulating material 31 for regulating a temperature of an exhaust manifold 11 is provided such that individual parts of the exhaust manifold 11 are uniformed in temperature. Heat transfer materials 31A with high thermal conductivity are layered as the temperature regulating material 31 on a cover member 25 at an area corresponding to a high-temperature area HT of the exhaust manifold 11. Heat shield materials 31B are layered as the temperature regulating material 31 on the cover member 25 at an area corresponding to the low-temperature area LT of the exhaust manifold 11. A heat dissipation material 31C as the temperature regulating material 31 coats an outer surface of the area of the cover member 25 corresponding to the high-temperature area of the exhaust manifold 11.

Abstract: An AI pipe (1) is formed with a first housing (11) and a second housing (21). The first housing (11) is made from a thin metal sheet and has a clamp portion (C1) that was left remaining. The second housing (21) is also made of a thin metal sheet and also has a clamp portion (C2) that was left remaining. When fitted together, the first housing (11) and the second housing (21) form a pipe portion (31). With this AI pipe (1), a through-hole (H) which is punched out by press working is formed in at least one of the clamping portion (C1) and the clamping portion (C2).

Abstract: A motor comprising a least one piston slideable within a cylinder with a seal, a plurality of valves, means to determine the position of the valves and a head of the piston, means to select the ports in which to transfer energized fluid/exhaust in and out of the cylinder, and a scotch yoke. The cylinder comprising at least a first set of ports and a second set of ports. The ports disposed in a wall of the cylinder. The valves coupled and slideable to allow a selective transfer of an energized fluid in, and an exhaust out, of the cylinder via the ports. The scotch yoke operatively interacting with a crankshaft, the piston operatively connected to the scotch yoke such that, when the energized fluid moves the piston, torque is applied to the crankshaft, and the valves are repositioned to allow the energized fluid to enter the cylinder on the opposite side of the head of the piston and the exhaust to exit the cylinder.

Abstract: A torque converter for connecting to an input shaft of a transmission including a housing, a turbine housed in the housing, a turbine hub connected to the turbine, the input shaft of the transmission being located within the turbine hub, a piston plate connected to the housing so as to be radially fixed with respect to the housing, and a bushing connected to the piston plate and the turbine hub, the piston plate via the bushing and the turbine hub centering the turbine and the input shaft of the transmission. The bushing may have a radial flange.

Abstract: A torque converter includes a plurality of blades and a core ring supporting the plurality of blades. The core ring includes at least two segments, each segment having two circumferential ends. A core ring and method are also provided.

Abstract: To provide a shape memory alloy actuator using a shape memory alloy that mechanically restrains a moving body in position to prevent oscillation, the actuator has a moving body pushing member adapted to be capable of abutting to the moving body, a bias spring for the moving body pushing member that exerts an external force on the moving body pushing member in the direction opposite to the direction of change in the shape of a shape memory wire caused by heating, a bias spring for the moving body that exerts an external force on the moving body in the direction same as the direction of change, a first stopper that restricts the movement of the moving body to a predetermined position upon cooling. One end of the shape memory wire is fixed, the other end is mechanically linked with the moving body pushing member.

Abstract: A master cylinder for brake systems includes a housing defining a cavity. A plunger is movably disposed in the cavity, and includes an open end that receives a portion of a stationary member positioned within the housing. The plunger and stationary member control flow of brake fluid through the housing.

Abstract: An exhaust heat recovery apparatus includes a reciprocating internal combustion engine in which a piston reciprocates in a cylinder to generate motive power; and a Stirling engine that recovers the thermal energy of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine and converts the thermal energy into kinetic energy. The Stirling engine is united with the internal combustion engine. A heater that the Stirling engine includes is disposed in an exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine. With this configuration, it is possible to restrict reduction in the power output from the exhaust heat recovery means.

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring the operation of a multicylinder, turbocharged reciprocating engine with an onboard controller includes monitoring one or more operating parameters predictive of the turbocharger's output, and generating a parametric output signal corresponding to the value of the sampled operating parameter. Actual mass flow is determined with a flow detection system, and then the charge air mass flow is compared with a predetermined flow rate corresponding to the monitored operating parameter, such as turbocharger speed or turbocharger pressure ratio. A charge air condition flag is set if the actual charge air flow rate is less than a predetermined flow rate based upon the parametric output signal.

Abstract: A control method for an internal combustion engine supercharged by means of a turbocharger provided with a turbine and with a compressor; the control method contemplates the steps of: establishing at least one operating limit curve on a Reduced Mass Flow Rate/Compression Ratio map; establishing at least one intervention curve of a wastegate valve which adjusts a bypass pipe of the turbine on a Reduced Mass Flow Rate/Compression Ratio map; establishing at least one intervention curve of a Poff valve which adjusts a bypass pipe of the compressor on a Reduced Mass Flow Rate/Compression Ratio map; using the operating limit curve to limit the pressure target downstream of the compressor used by the engine control; controlling the opening of the wastegate valve if the intervention curve of the wastegate valve is exceeded; and controlling the opening of the Poff valve if the intervention curve of the Poff valve is exceeded.