Abstract: A security device is disclosed for use with an entry door lock accessible from an exterior side of the door and having a rotatable element on an interior side of the door for engaging and disengaging the lock. A lock stop precludes rotation by providing a pair of spaced stop members that receive the rotatable element in its locked position and prevent rotation thereof to its unlocked position, whereby unlocking the door from the exterior side is precluded.

Abstract: My invention is to provide a new and useful apparatus for preventing the rotation of a key to open a deadbolt lock or the lock to be picked. By manufacturing the faceplate on the inside of the door out of solid metal. This would allow a slot to be machined in the face plate where I could put in a lever with a pivot screw, allowing the lever to be pulled out keeping the knob from turning and the dead bolt lock from unlocking. This may also be used on a side garage door or any entrance door to a home.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for aeration of organic material, wherein the organic material undergoes an aerobic composing process, such that air is caused to evenly penetrate the organic material. The organic material is first sealed in a vessel. Air is then delivered to the contents of the vessel such that an air pressure of from about 1 to about 1000 kPa above atmospheric pressure is maintained in the vessel. A pressure differential initially forms and is then allowed to equilibrate over a period of time, in which time air flows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure in the organic material thus ensuring that aeration is evenly distributed throughout the organic material.

Abstract: Particular aspects provide a method for recovering phosphate, comprising: obtaining an effluent or wastewater, etc. having calcium-sequestered phosphate; adding to the effluent or wastewater a calcium chelating or sequestration agent suitable to chelate or sequester Ca++ ions from the calcium-sequestered phosphate to facilitate release of phosphate from the calcium-sequestered phosphate; transferring, facilitated by said Ca++ ion capture and in the presence of sufficient concentrations of NH4+ and Mg2 ions, of the phosphate into struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate or MgNH4PO4.6H2O), or hydrated magnesium ammonium complex of phosphate; and recovering the struvite, or the formed hydrated magnesium ammonium complex. Preferably, the method further comprises acidification of the effluent or wastewater to facilitate release of Ca++ ions from the calcium-sequestered phosphate and chelation of sequestration of the Ca++ ions by the calcium chelating or sequestration agent.

Abstract: A water-dispersible particle for delivery of fertilizer to a plant is disclosed. After delivery wetting of the particles causes particle dispersion so as to prevent secondary pick up to the particles. Methods for making and using the water-dispersible particle are described.

Abstract: With the invention, a method and a device for explosive forming of a tubular work piece, which comprises a multipart forming die almost fully enclosing the work piece in the closed state, and in which a plug is provided in the area of at least one end of the forming die, is to be improved, in that forming of a tubular work piece is possible in a simple method that promotes fewer individual work steps and is therefore cost-effective. This task is solved by a method and a device for explosive forming, in which a seal between the forming die and the plug is formed when the plug is inserted, in which the work piece end is mounted between the forming die and deformed.

Abstract: A method of and an installation for exchange of roll sets (5, 6) contemplate provision of a number of separate transversely displaceable carriages (9, 10, 11), whereby individual worn-out working roll sets (6) are displaced along a single connection track (14) by a single locomotive (21) in a roll workshop (20), and a new working roll set (6a) is displaced back to an installation position, and wherein during formation of a gap (12) in front of a rolling mill stand (2, 3, 4), a withdrawn backup roll set (5) is transported by a crane in the roll workshop and back.

Abstract: First shaped item with shaft part is produced by forward extrusion forming of work, and further, upset forming thereof is carried out to thereby obtain second shaped item with large-diameter part. Subsequently, backward extrusion forming of the second shaped item is carried out to thereby obtain third shaped item having not only cup part provided with ball rolling grooves but also circular diameter expansion portion provided at the mouth area of the inside wall of the cup part along the circumferential direction in such a fashion that the diameter is gradually expanded from the bottom side toward the opening side. Outer ring member for constant-velocity joint is obtained by further subjecting the third shaped item to low-temperature annealing treatment, shot blast treatment and lubricating chemical coating treatment, and thereafter to ironing forming.

Abstract: A channel letter bending machine for bending a return of a channel letter from a stock includes a feeding unit disposed along a path of travel of the stock to be bent for feeding the stock, a flanging unit for forming a flange along one edge of the stock, a notching unit for notching the flange of the stock fed by the feeding mechanism along the path of travel, and a bending unit for bending the stock under the control of the computer control system into the desired configuration for the channel letter shape, wherein the notching unit and the flanging unit are disposed upstream of the bending unit and the flanging unit is disposed upstream of the notching unit.

Abstract: The invention deals with a sheet-metal bending machine containing a lower machine part and an upper machine part mounted on it in a movable way where on either of the upper and lower machine part there is a pair of working tools designed as a bending arm and a holding arm where the principle is that the upper machine part (3), or at least the pair of the working tools connected to it, is, in relation to the lower machine part (2), or at least in relation to the pair of the working tools connected to it in the feeding direction (L) of the processed metal sheet (14), mounted in a mutually horizontally sliding bond.

Abstract: A hot forming die according to an exemplary embodiment can be provided for a press forming apparatus which can press-forms a heated metal plate (e.g., a work material) and may cool the work material by ejecting a cooling medium onto the work material. The hot forming die can have a main supply path through which the cooling medium passes, a plurality of branch supply paths branching off the main supply path, injection ports for ejecting the cooling medium to the outside of the die, and nozzle members fixed on the ejection port side of the branch supply paths to restrict the passage amount of the cooling medium by using passage holes for allowing the cooling medium to pass there through. In a hot press forming method according to an exemplary embodiment, the cooling medium in the die can be held on standby after being pressurized to a degree at which the cooling medium is not ejected.

Abstract: The present invention provides an application method of a Cr-plated mandrel bar repeatedly used in mandrel mill rolling by the Mannesmann tube making process. A regeneration treatment is performed to use the mandrel bar again as a tool of like size when an opening width H of a surface defect generated on the mandrel bar by its use in the mandrel mill rolling is not less than 1.5 mm and a depth of the surface defect is in the range of 0.3 mm to less than 2.0 mm. Alternatively, a downsizing treatment is performed to use the mandrel bar again as a tool of a smaller size when the depth of the surface defect generated on the mandrel bar by its use in the mandrel mill rolling is not less than 2.0 mm. The regeneration treatment or downsizing treatment is performed according to conditions or a configuration of the surface defect to achieve repeated application to the mandrel mill rolling, allowing life-extension of the mandrel bar and improvement of cost performance thereof.

Abstract: A method of drawn and ironed processing of a resin coated metal sheet, in which in the drawn and ironed processing of resin coated metal sheet, there can be obtained a can body of satisfactorily small wall thickness and at an opening edge part of the can body, the coating resin is free from any defect; and a resin coating drawn and ironed processed can produced thereby. There is provided a method of drawn and ironed processing of a resin coated metal sheet, comprising performing drawn and ironed processing of a resin coated metal sheet composed of a metal sheet having at least one major surface thereof coated with an organic resin with the use of a punch and a die into a can body, characterized in that ironing is conducted with the use of a punch having a small-diameter portion at its rear end so that the ratio of ironing at an opening edge part of the can body after shaping falls within the range of 0 to 15%.

Abstract: A diagnostic method and apparatus for diagnosing a motor-operated valve capable of continuously measuring a preload of a spring cartridge at low costs, with high accuracy, and with ease, so that the elastic characteristics of the spring cartridge may be easily calibrated in a simple manner. The method and apparatus is for diagnosing a motor-operated valve including a valve disc 25, a worm 12 rotatably driven by motor power, a link mechanism which opens and closes the valve disc 25 with the rotational driving force transmitted from the worm 12, and a spring cartridge 13 containing disc springs 15 which expand or compress in response to reaction force acting on the worm 12 in its axial direction from the link mechanism.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed that determines the time delay (202) between the actual flow and the measured flow in a flow meter. The time delay is used to shift the flow measured by the flow meter to correspond to the actual flow measured by a prover or calibration system. In this way an accurate comparison is made between the flow measured by the flow meter and the flow provided by the prover.

Abstract: A sensor unit for a three-axis accelerometer enabling reduction in chip size. The sensor unit is connected to an accelerometer that detects a plurality of acceleration values for a plurality of axis directions. The sensor unit includes a correction value generation circuit that sequentially generates a plurality of correction values for correcting the plurality of acceleration values. A correction circuit is connected to the correction value generation circuit to sequentially correct the plurality of acceleration values with a plurality of correction values and generate a plurality of corrected acceleration values.

Abstract: The present invention provides a calibration system for accelerometer and the method of using the same. The calibration system includes a hexahedral calibration jig placed on a calibrated platform and a calibration module. The calibration jig includes at least four planes that are arranged in parallel or vertical with each other. The calibration module may be performing three algorithms for calibrating an accelerometer and calculating parameters for coordinate transfer.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the stiffness of mail pieces includes a bar or similar deflector for contacting a mail piece conveyed past the bar by a conveyor system, and vibrates when in contact with a passing mail piece, either due to the impact of the mail piece or by the action of a device which causes the deflector to vibrate before the mail piece hits it. A sensor measures a parameter indicative of change in the vibrations of the deflector and generates a signal indicative of the measured parameter. A processor, e.g. programmable controller or circuit, receives the signal from the sensor and determines a stiffness value for the mail piece based on decay in vibrations of the deflector caused by contact with the mail piece.

Abstract: A device is provided for collection of gases in molten metals, the device having an immersion end with a gas collection body, a gas supply line opening at the immersion end, and a gas discharge line for gases penetrating the gas collection body. The gas collection body has an end face arranged on the immersion end and side walls of the collection body, and at least one part of the gas collection body has a gas impermeable layer. A measurement method is also provided using the device.

Abstract: A procedure for operating a particle sensor that is arranged downstream after a particle filter, at which an ash contamination can occur, and a device for implementing the procedure, are suggested. A remaining operating time determination determines the remaining operating time of the particle sensor related to an ash contamination. Alternatively or additionally the remaining operating time determination provides a correction signal, with which the sensitivity loss of the particle sensor caused by the ash contamination can be considered.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring Wobbe index of a fuel is provided. The sensor includes a substrate and a diaphragm layer. The diaphragm layer includes a first layer having at least one heating element configured to sense energy content in a fuel, wherein the heating element includes a doped poly-silicon carbide that is disposed on the substrate. The diaphragm layer also includes a second layer including an undoped poly-silicon carbide layer configured to prevent oxidation of the first layer. The sensor further includes a sensing layer having a catalyst suspended in a support structure. The sensor also includes a cavity formed under the diaphragm layer and is configured to provide thermal isolation of the heating element.

Abstract: A moisture absorbent material (drying material) with an indicator function is provided without the use of cobalt chloride containing a heavy metal, low molecular organic substance and the like; and a humidity indicator permitting a state of humidity to be found in a simple manner is also provided. The moisture absorbent material with an indicator function (10) includes a resin layer (11) containing 5 to 80 wt % zeolite which is provided on at least one surface thereof with a printed layer including a character, shape, picture or the like, so that the printed layer may visibly appear due to the resin layer becoming transparent by moisture absorption.

Abstract: A gas sensor is provided. The gas sensor includes a post, an ion conductive layer, a first sensing portion and a second sensing portion. The post includes a first end, a second end, a side surface and a groove, wherein the groove is formed on the side surface of the post, and an opening is formed on the first end connecting with the groove. The ion conductive layer is formed on the side surface of the post, including a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface is opposite to the second surface, and the ion conductive layer and the groove compose a chamber. The first sensing portion is formed on the first surface. The second sensing portion is formed on the second surface corresponding to the first sensing portion, wherein the first sensing portion is located in the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention aims at estimating a residual life of a blasting vessel. For the estimation, a strain gauge 30 is attached to a blasting vessel 10. The strain gauge 30 measures high-frequency repetitive strain caused in the blasting chamber 10 in each explosion. Strain waveform data obtained with the strain gauge 30 is analyzed to calculate the cumulative degree of fatigue damage due to a high-frequency repetitive load applied to the blasting vessel 10 in each explosion. A residual life of the blasting vessel 10 is estimated on the basis of a cumulative value of the cumulative degrees of fatigue damage.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting leaks in substantially closed objects, such as automobiles, airplanes, tanks, and other vehicles, using an ultrasonic transmitter and an array of ultrasonic sensors or receivers positioned or mounted on a frame. As the objects are passed through the frame, ultrasonic amplitude readings obtained from the sensors are processed to determine if they are representative of a defective or leaking object. The position of the leak may be determined by examining the readings from individual sensors. The system is particularly well-adapted for use in detecting defects and leaks in automobiles on an assembly line without interrupting the assembly process or damaging the automobile.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting leaks in substantially closed objects, such as automobiles, airplanes, tanks, and other vehicles, using an ultrasonic transmitter and one or more ultrasonic sensors or receivers supported on a frame. Ultrasonic amplitude readings obtained from the sensor or sensors are processed to determine if they are representative of a defective or leaking object. The position of the leak may be determined by examining the readings from individual sensors. The system is particularly well-adapted for use in detecting defects and leaks in automobiles on an assembly line without interrupting the assembly process or damaging the automobile.

Abstract: According to the present invention, mistaken detection of a gas leak can be prevented even when using an appliance which has been newly installed in a dwelling receiving a gas supply, and whereby a gas leak can be detected rapidly, efficiently and accurately. The characteristics extraction means 5 extracts characteristics of a gas flow including a combination of the instantaneous flow volume data and the instantaneous flow volume time differential value, on the basis of the data obtained by the flow volume measurement means 1, pressure measurement means 2, instantaneous flow volume time differential operation means 3 and pressure time differential operation means 4.

Abstract: In leak detection, the signal generated by a test gas is superposed by interferences which fade as the vacuum generation in a container proceeds. Depending on the negative slope of the volume signal (MS), a lower indication limit (AG) is calculated. Upon activation of a zero function, the volume signal (MS) is not reduced to zero but only to the level of the indication limit (AG). Any exceeding of the indication limit is identified as a leak. Thus, the maximum sensitivity of the leak detection is guaranteed at any time.

Abstract: A liquid measurement apparatus is configured to measure an amount of liquid flowing from a measured object. The apparatus includes a passage member having a measurement passage being connected to the measured object at one end. The measurement passage is filled with liquid. The apparatus further includes a closed vessel, which is connected to an other end of the measurement passage and filled with saturated vapor of the liquid. The apparatus further includes an analyzer. The liquid filled in the measurement passage contains a bubble, which is movable in accordance with change in amount of the liquid in the measurement passage. The analyzer is configured to calculate a travel distance of the bubble and configured to measure the amount of the liquid flowing from the measured object based on the calculated travel distance.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a biological analysis device including: means for circulating a fluid to be analyzed, comprising a fluidic chamber, optical detection means based on a semiconductor, including a detection front face, a rear face and pads of electrical contacts located on this rear face.

Abstract: We describe a method for the detection of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in a biological sample.

Abstract: Apparatus and techniques for extracting information carried in higher eigenmodes or harmonics of an oscillating cantilever or other oscillating sensors in atomic force microscopy and related MEMs work are described. Similar apparatus and techniques for extracting information using contact resonance with multiple excitation signals are also described.

Abstract: A texture measuring apparatus that measures surface information of an object includes: a probe coming into contact with the object while moving on a surface of the object; a first sensor unit, provided at the probe, for detecting a force acting on the probe in a direction perpendicular to a lengthwise direction of the probe; and a second sensor unit, provided at the rear of the probe, for detecting a force acting on the probe in the lengthwise direction of the probe. The apparatus further includes a third sensor unit, provided between the first sensor unit and the second sensor unit, for detecting variations in the forces acting on the probe.

Abstract: The invention relates of a method for determining a combustion state of an internal combustion engine, for detecting an ion current generated within a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, including the steps of measuring a characteristic value of the ion current detected during a period that the ion current is generated and a generation period in which the ion current is generated, and determining a combustion state on the basis of a relation between the characteristic value and the generation period with respect to an elapsed time from an ignition, and the method comprises determining that the combustion state is normal, by setting a determination reference to be larger with respect to the characteristic value and shorter with respect to the generation period, in the case that the elapsed time from the ignition is short, and determining that the combustion is normal, by setting the determination reference to be smaller with respect to the characteristic value and longer with respect to the g

Abstract: A transmission device for motor vehicles for transmitting signals about tire condition variables from a wheel to an electronic evaluating or control unit arranged in the area of the vehicle body, wherein the tire condition variables can be detected especially by one or a plurality of sensor subassemblies (14) which are arranged in a wheel rotatably mounted at the body above the wheel hub (3), characterized in that a coupling device is integrated into the wheel hub, which is composed of a rotor (6a) and a non-rotating stator (6b) to generate a field coupling, and whose one or more field coupling elements (20, 22, 27a, 27b, 29a, 29b, 30a, 30b, 34a, 34b, 39a, 39b, 42, 43) are opposite each other, separated by a narrow air slot (24), and an energy and/or signal coupling takes place by way of electric fields and/or magnetic fields, and/or electromagnetic fields, is meant to determine the rotational speed of the wheel.

Abstract: A real-time line management system and associated methods. A line management system for use in conjunction with an operation in a subterranean well includes a line installed in the well during the operation, and a computing device which indicates a used life of the line during the operation. A method of managing a line used in an operation in a subterranean well includes the steps of: installing the line in the well during the operation; and determining a used life of the line while the line is installed in the well. A method of managing a line used in multiple operations in one or more subterranean wells includes the steps of: estimating conditions which will be experienced by the line during a future operation; and predicting before the future operation what a used life of the line will be after the line is used in the future operation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining forces on a downhole drilling tool is provided. The downhole tool is provided with a drill collar operatively connectable to the drilling tool, and a sensor mounted about the drill collar. The sensor is adapted to measure deformation of the drill collar whereby forces on the drilling tool are determined. The sensor may be part of a force measurement system, a strain gauge system or a drilling jar system. The drill collar is adapted to magnify and/or isolate the deformation applied to the drill string.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of protecting aircraft in flight against clear air turbulence (CAT). Consider an aircraft occupying a position P and moving horizontally at a speed V, a plane PH0 being the horizontal plane passing through P. According to the invention, the method includes performing at least one pair of evaluations of air temperature TB, TC at two points B, C which have positions that are symmetrical relative to the plane PH0. At least one pair of horizontal air speed evaluations are performed VHB, VHC at the two points B, C; An air temperature gradient is determined; A horizontal air speed gradient is determined; An index signifying a presence of CAT is determined; The preceding steps are repeated; A trend is analyzed over time of the index.

Abstract: A thermal flow sensor can adjust the temperature of a heating element in a highly precise and reliable manner with the use of simple circuits, devices and process steps. The sensor includes an amplifier section (7) that amplifies a voltage across opposite ends of at least one of resistors (3, 4, 5) that constitute a bridge circuit, a current control section (9) that is controlled based on an output voltage of the amplifier section (7), and an output terminal (14) that is connected to one end of a heating element (1) that is controlled to be energized by the current control section (9). The amplifier section (7) includes an amplification factor control section for controlling an amplification factor by an electric signal from a computer, and uses an output voltage which has been amplified and impressed to an input voltage to an operational amplifier (8).

Abstract: A method for checking proper functioning of a fill-level measuring device working according to the travel time principle. For this purpose, in predetermined or selectable time intervals (ta), a current measured value curve at a current fill level (hactual) is ascertained; on the basis of the current measured value curve, a current wanted echo signal is determined. Subsequently, on the basis of the current wanted echo signal, an expected value (E) for quality of a wanted echo signal at at least one predetermined fill level (hdesired) is ascertained. The ascertained expected value (E) for quality of the wanted echo signal at the predetermined fill level (hdesired) is compared with a predetermined critical value for quality, and an error condition is diagnosed, when the ascertained expected value falls below the critical value for quality.

Abstract: A liquid sensing apparatus includes a liquid sensing chamber 33 having a liquid inlet port that is in communication with an external liquid container in which a liquid is reserved, and a liquid outlet port that is in communication with a liquid consuming apparatus, a movable member 34 movable depending on a liquid level in the liquid sensing chamber 33, a recess portion 33b, 41a for cooperating with a wall surface of the movable member 34 to form a closed space when the movable member 34 is moved to a predetermined position depending the liquid level, and a piezoelectric sensing means 40 for applying a vibration to the recess portion and sensing a state of a free vibration following upon the vibration.

Abstract: A continuous high resolution fluid level monitoring system is provided by embodiments of the present invention. This continuous high resolution fluid level monitoring system includes a unique fluid level sensor having a point light source, parabolic reflector, sensor array, and detection, processing and control system. The point light source illumines a parabolic reflector wherein the point light source is located at the focus of the parabolic reflector. The parabolic reflector reflects light from the point light source to produce a parallel light curtain. This parallel light curtain is parallel to an axis of symmetry of the parabolic reflector. The parallel light curtain illumines a chamber such as a chamber in an ophthalmic surgical device used to contain surgical fluid. The sensor array coupled to the chamber detects the parallel light curtain illuminating the chamber. The sensor array provides an output to a detection/processing/control system in order to determine the fluid level within the chamber.

Abstract: A method and device which provides visual means to confirm the level of liquid in an opaque container, by operating an adjacent transparent gauge tube which is in correspondence with the liquid on the inside of container, notwithstanding the pressurized condition of the liquid, while maintaining the pressure above the liquid in the gauge tube at the same level as the pressure above the liquid in the container.

Abstract: A sensor mount (10), in particular for mounting inter-vehicle distance sensors on vehicle components, has a receptacle (12) for a sensor, wherein the receptacle has an axially front side, in the region of which the active surface of the sensor is located when the sensor is inserted into the mount, and a rear side which faces away from the front side (16). The mount comprises a cover (20) with which the rear side (16) of the receptacle (12) is covered or can be covered when a sensor is present in the mount (10) in order to attenuate sensor signals which are emitted in the rear direction and/or in order to attenuate reflection signals coming from the rear direction.

Abstract: The present invention is related to sensor arrangements and particularly to sensor arrangements for symmetric response in a x-, y- and z-coordinate system. The arrangement comprises four gyroscopes with one axis arranged into different directions of sensitivity.

Abstract: A composite sensor includes an angular velocity sensor element, an acceleration sensor element, a signal processing IC for processing signals from the angular velocity sensor element and the acceleration sensor element, an inner package for accommodating the angular velocity sensor element, the acceleration sensor element, and the signal processing IC; a coupler connected to this inner package, and a fixing member connected to this coupler for holding the inner package via this coupler. The coupler is elastically deformable. One of the acceleration sensor element and the signal processing IC is located at the right with respect to the center of the inner package, and the other of the acceleration sensor element and the signal processing IC is located at the left with respect to the center of the inner package.

Abstract: A detection circuit includes a detection terminal to which an alternating current signal from a physical quantity transducer is input, a detection current/voltage conversion amplifier circuit that converts the alternating current signal input through the detection terminal into a voltage signal, an evaluation terminal that supplies an evaluation voltage signal to the detection current/voltage conversion amplifier circuit, an input resistor that has a given resistance ratio with respect to a feedback resistor; and a switch circuit of the detection circuit provided in a signal path that connects the evaluation terminal and an input node of the detection current/voltage conversion amplifier circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring and/or regulating the oscillation amplitude of an ultrasound oscillator of an ultrasound device. In order to be able to measure or regulate the oscillation amplitude of the ultrasound oscillator in a simple manner, it is proposed that a sensor capturing the oscillation amplitude be associated with at least one component element of the ultrasound oscillator.

Abstract: A hearing testing device (2) for self-testing the hearing of a subject including: an earpiece housing (4); a loud speaker (46) located within the housing; and control circuitry (14) coupled to drive the loudspeaker, the control circuitry being arranged to produce a sequence of test signals which are inputted to the loudspeaker to produce a series of tones at frequencies corresponding to said test signals wherein said test signals do not include significant harmonic components.

Abstract: Disclosed is an input apparatus including a coplanar line formed on the surface of a substrate so as to pass through the vicinity of a position at which a user performs an operation, terminating resistor placed at one end of the coplanar line and a microcomputer module at the other end. The microcomputer module has a signal transmitter for outputting a signal to the coplanar line. When the user operates a key, the impedance of the coplanar line changes and a reflected wave is produced. A signal detector in the microcomputer module detects the reflected wave and outputs received-signal strength information, which indicates the strength of the signal included in the reflected wave, to a computing unit. Based upon the received-signal strength information and strength of the signal that has been output by the signal transmitter, the computing unit in the microcomputer module discriminates the key that has been operated and specifies the entered instruction.