Abstract: A system and method are provided for using the thermal mass of an ORC, the working fluid, the oil loop, the cooling fluid loop and all components, to provide additional transient power to an electrical grid. A pre-heater transfers heat from the cooling fluid to a low temperature (LT) ORC loop working fluid. A LT ORC loop expander generates transient power to support stabilization of the electrical grid. A heat exchanger transfers heat from the thermal oil to a high temperature (HT) ORC loop working fluid. A HT ORC loop expander generates transient power to support stabilization of the electrical grid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating energy by means of thermal cycles with high pressure and moderate temperature steam, which allows improving the energy and operational efficiency of the conversion of heat energy into mechanical or electrical energy by means of thermal cycles in which the temperature of the steam is limited to moderate values in its generation, comprising the following steps: a) generating steam at a pressure above 65 bar and a moderate temperature below 400° C., b) expanding said steam in a steam turbine, steam of an intermediate pressure, comprised between 10-40 bar, with a moderate moisture, below 15%, being obtained c) drying said steam by means of a moisture separator and reheating said steam, d) expanding said steam in the turbine, and e) heating boiler water used to generate the steam by means of a plurality of steam extractions from the turbine, in order to exchange heat with said boiler water.

Abstract: A method for operating a burner comprising a burner axis and at least one jet nozzle is provided. The nozzle or nozzles include a central axis, a jet nozzle outlet, a wall that runs in a radial direction starting from the central axis and that faces the burner axis and a volumetric fluid flow that includes a fuel and flows through the jet nozzle or nozzles to the jet nozzle outlet. An air film is formed at the jet nozzle outlet between the volumetric fluid flow including the fuel and the wall that faces the burner axis by means of air that is injected into the jet nozzle or nozzles along the wall that faces the burner axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for a multi-spool gas turbine power plant which utilizes motor/generator devices on two or more spools for starting the gas turbine and for power extraction after starting. Methods are disclosed for controlling engine responsiveness under changing load and/or ambient air conditions; providing a momentary power boost when required; providing some engine braking when needed; providing over-speed protection for the free power turbine when load is rapidly lowered or disconnected; charging an energy storage system; and restoring the compressors and/or turbines toward their operating lines when surge or choking limits are approached.

Abstract: An aircraft adaptive power thermal management system for cooling one or more aircraft components includes an air cycle system, a vapor cycle system, and a fuel recirculation loop operably disposed therebetween. An air cycle system heat exchanger is between the air cycle system and the fuel recirculation loop, a vapor cycle system heat exchanger is between the vapor cycle system and the fuel recirculation loop, and one or more aircraft fuel tanks are in the fuel recirculation loop. An intercooler including a duct heat exchanger in an aircraft gas turbine engine FLADE duct may be in the air cycle system. The system is operable for providing on-demand cooling for one or more of the aircraft components by increasing heat sink capacity of the fuel tanks.

Abstract: An ice making system includes a flavored liquid, an ice machine and a refrigerated storage bin. The ice making system provides for the continuous production of flavored ice pieces with features to facilitate stabilization of the flavored ice and maintain the quality.

Abstract: A condensate management system is adapted for use in a personal comfort system with an air conditioning system having a thermoelectric engine including a thermoelectric core, a supply heat exchanger and an exhaust heat exchanger. Condensate is managed by a primary condensate management system configured to draw condensate away from the thermoelectric core, the supply heat exchanger and/or the exhaust heat exchanger using wicking material. Optionally, a secondary condensation management system may be included which is configured to generate a condensate air flow operable for drawing moisture away from a collection tray.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a compressor includes a moving assembly configured to compress a gas within a compression volume; a guide rod connected to the moving assembly which reciprocates axially with the moving assembly; and a bellows seal positioned between the moving assembly and a stationary housing which at least partially defining the compression volume. In another embodiment, a compressor includes a motor assembly configured to compress a gas within a compression volume, the motor assembly including: a stationary coil assembly; a moving assembly having at least one magnet, and a gap located between the stationary coil assembly and the moving assembly; wherein the moving assembly is configured to reciprocate axially with respect to the stationary coil assembly when electrical current is applied to the stationary coil assembly, and to change the width of the gap between the stationary coil assembly and the moving assembly so as to provide magnetic axial stiffness against motion of the moving assembly.

Abstract: A tank for a cryogenic liquid is fitted with a conduit assembly that provides for flow of the cryogenic liquid into and out of the tank, venting of the tank and control of the fill level in the tank. The conduit assembly includes serpentine tubes that extend into an upper region within the inner shell. Within the inner shell, one of the tubes extends downwardly to a lower opening and provides for liquid flow into and out the tank; the other tube has an end with a downwardly facing opening in the upper region whereby vapor can be conducted out of the tank and the fill level is established. A system for effecting pressure management of the cryogenic liquid in the tank includes a conduit network that provides for pressure build as pressure in the conduit network drops and provides for delivery of liquid only to, e.g., a vehicle engine.

Abstract: A method for controlling a compressor of vehicles improves fuel efficiency by accumulating a cold air energy when a speed-reducing condition occurs and using the accumulated cold air energy when a release condition occurs.

Abstract: A device and a method for a controlling compressor of vehicles improves acceleration performance and fuel efficiency and maintains comfort of a cabin by decreasing an operation of the compressor when accelerating.

Abstract: A transport unit including a container defining a cargo space. The transport unit includes position detection apparatus coupled to the container, and adapted to determine a geographic location of the container and to generate a signal indicative of the geographic location. The transport unit also includes a refrigeration system in communication with the cargo space, and a control system including route data that defines a plurality of potential destinations of the container. The control system is programmed to predict a container route defined by at least two potential destinations of the container based on the geographic location and the route data, and to determine a proximity of the container relative to at least one potential destination of the route. The control system is in communication with the refrigeration system to control the refrigeration system based on the proximity of the container relative to the at least one potential destination.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for adjusting the amount of cryogen delivered to a mill stand (1) using a non-optical sensor (16a) to measure at least one operating parameter selected from the group consisting of roll stand parameters, rolled product parameters, and cryogen parameters. Output signals, are generated by the non-optical sensor and a controller (17) calculates numeric values based on the signals. When the calculated numeric values reach a predetermined set point value that correlates with mill stand temperature, the flow of cryogen is adjusted to disperse a desired amount of cryogenic fluid to said mill stand (1) to control rolling temperature.

Abstract: A method for controlling the freezing capacity of a fixed-frequency freezing AC ice-water system, by using temperature buffer difference of individual requirement ends to control the number of operating compressors in a fixed-frequency chiller and make each of the operating compressors have a usage rate close to 100%. Further, various operating procedures are defined for the requirement ends and each of the operating procedures has an individually defined high-low temperature range such that the freezing capacity supply cycle or startup cycle of the fixed-frequency chiller can be adjusted by using the high-low temperature ranges of the operating procedures as temperature buffer strips, thereby allowing the compressors in the fixed-frequency chiller to operate collectively in order to save energy.

Abstract: A method for controlling freezing capacity of a variable-frequency freezing AC ice-water system separates the freezing capacity of each individual requirement end so as to reduce sudden or peak concentrating freezing demand and relieve variable-frequency load demand, and defines operating procedures corresponding to different requirement ends, respectively, wherein each of the operating procedures has a corresponding high-low temperature range that can be used as a temperature buffer zone so as to redistribute supply of the freezing capacity to each requirement end, thereby allowing the compressors thereof to operate smoothly and thus achieve energy saving as a result. The drawbacks of damaged pipelines are overcome that cause deficiency in freezing capacity as encountered in prior techniques.

Abstract: An ice maker for a refrigerator and a power saving method of an ice maker are provided. The ice maker includes: an ice tray for making ice; an ejector for removing the ice from the ice tray; an storage unit for dispensing and storing the removed ice; and a controller for controlling an ice making operation for making ice, an ice removing operation for removing generated ice, and a dispensing operation of dispensing removed ice, and providing control to cut off power supply during the ice making operation. While an ice making operation is being performed, an ice making elapsed-time and an ice making temperature are measured to determine whether or not the ice making operation has been completed, and while the ice making operation is being performed, power supplied to the ice maker is cut off, thus reducing unnecessary power consumption.

Abstract: Compositions of matter, uses thereof and an apparatus for production of the compositions of matter are provided. In an embodiment, an isolated gel-ice is described for use as a cold source. The gel-ice has a variety of uses, including for food processing and preservation. The apparatus is used to prepare gel-ice, and can be used to concentrate or purify a liquid, or extract from the liquid.

Abstract: A contactor for air conditioning unit includes a first magnetic coil, having a first set of contacts for the compressor; a second magnetic coil, having a second set of contacts for the fan motor; and a time delay device connected in series with either the first magnetic coil or the second magnetic coil. The contactor provides for independent control of the compressor and the fan motor. During the time period when the fan continues running and the compressor is switched off, the device equalizes the pressure difference between different portions of the air conditioning unit.

Abstract: A refrigerator having a main body including a refrigerating compartment, a cool air duct supplying cool air to the refrigerating compartment, and a sub storage compartment provided in the main body independently maintaining a temperature thereof with respect to the refrigerating compartment and being indirectly cooled or indirectly heated by radiation.

Abstract: An adsorption cooling system (1) for an aircraft comprises an evaporator (18), a first adsorber (2), which contains a first adsorption medium for adsorbing an adsorption coolant evaporated in the evaporator (18), and a second adsorber (4), which contains a second adsorption medium for adsorbing the adsorption coolant evaporated in the evaporator (18), the first and the second adsorber (2, 4) being adapted to be operated alternately in an adsorption mode and in a desorption mode, such that one adsorber (2, 4) can adsorb adsorption coolant and the other adsorber (2, 4) can be regenerated.

Abstract: An absorption heat pump system that can include a first assembly, a second assembly, and a thermal coupler is disclosed herein. The first assembly can include a condenser and an evaporator. The second assembly can include an absorber, a desorber, and a heat exchanger. The thermal coupler can include a first gas inlet, a second fluid inlet, and a mixed fluid outlet. The system can be configured with a first gas outlet of the desorber in fluid communication with the first gas inlet of the thermal coupler, and the mixed fluid outlet of the thermal coupler in fluid communication with a mixed fluid inlet of the evaporator. The system can also include a coolant absorber inlet and outlet on the absorber and a coolant condenser inlet and outlet on the condenser, with the coolant absorber outlet in fluid communication with the coolant condenser inlet.

Abstract: A multi-zone transport refrigeration system. The system includes a compressor, a condenser, a refrigerant circuit, a first temperature control zone and a second temperature control zone. A controller is configured to identify a priority zone and a non-priority zone based upon a first magnitude of a difference between a first temperature set point and a first zone temperature derived from the first air temperature sensor, and a second magnitude of a difference between the second temperature set point and a second zone temperature derived from the second air temperature sensor. A non-priority zone is isolated from the refrigerant circuit for a pre-defined period in order to maximize a refrigerant flow to the priority zone.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus includes a refrigeration cycle, a magnetic field generator, a detector and a control part. The refrigeration cycle has a compression element, a refrigerant tube in thermal contact with a refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant tube and/or a heat-generating member in thermal contact with a refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant tube. The magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field to inductively heat the heat-generating member. The detector detects either temperature or temperature change or pressure or pressure change in refrigerant flowing through a predetermined portion of the refrigeration cycle. The control part permits magnetic field generation in a first compression element state and a higher output second compression element state, and when a magnetic-field-generating-permission condition is satisfied. The condition is either that a value detected by the detector change or that a change be detected in the value detected by the detector.

Abstract: An air conditioner executes a heating operation using at least a high pressure refrigerant, and includes a refrigerant circuit configured to execute a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant circuit includes a convective heat exchanger, a radiant heat exchanger, an open/close valve and a check valve. The convective heat exchanger executes heat exchange between the high pressure refrigerant flowing inside and an air flowing towards outside. The radiant heat exchanger heats a predetermined member using the high pressure refrigerant flowing inside to cause the predetermined member to emit a radiant heat. The open/close valve is disposed upstream of the radiant heat exchanger in order to block a flow path of the high pressure refrigerant flowing towards the radiant heat exchanger during the heating operation. The check valve is disposed between the radiant heat exchanger and the open/close valve.

Abstract: An air conditioner includes a compressing element, a refrigerant cooler, an expansion element, a refrigerant heater, a magnetic field generating part, a circulation volume rate ascertaining part and a control unit. The magnetic field generating part generates a magnetic field in order to perform inductive heating. The circulation volume rate ascertaining part ascertains a circulating refrigerant volume rate. The control unit performs magnetic field output control when the circulating refrigerant volume rate ascertained by the circulation volume rate ascertaining part has increased. When this control is performed the magnetic field generating part is caused to generate a magnetic field, the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating part is increased, or the upper limit of the strength of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating part is increased.

Abstract: An automatic ice making machine is provided that is capable of modifying an amount of feeding water depending on a temperature of makeup water. The automatic ice making machine is equipped with a deicing timer 42 to keep time of a deicing completion time period T1 in which deicing operation is completed. In addition, in a control means 24, a deicing water longest supply time period U1 is preset, which is a longest time period to supply deicing water in deicing operation. In a case where the deicing water is low in temperature, so that the deicing progresses slowly and thus the deicing completion time period T1 becomes equal to or greater than the deicing water longest supply time period U1, the control means 24 carries out water feeding in a feeding amount of water at low temperature at the time of water feeding.

Abstract: A refrigerant distribution unit for an air conditioner, includes: a pipe unit which distributes a refrigerant from a refrigerant pipe on an outdoor unit side to multiple branch refrigerant pipes, which includes an electromagnetic valve and a temperature sensor, on an indoor unit side; a main unit which stores the pipe unit covered by an insulator case, upper and lower cases; and an electric component box which controls the electromagnetic valves and the temperature sensors by connecting the valves with the sensors by cables. A cable draw-out recessed portion is formed in one of side faces of the insulator case where the connecting slots for the pipes are formed, and a bottom face recessed portion for storing the cables is formed in a bottom face of the insulator case. The upper case includes a cable draw-out slot for guiding the cables to a cable guide hole formed in the electric component box.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus includes a compression element, a refrigerant cooler, an expansion element, a refrigerant heater, a magnetic field generator, a generated heat temperature sensor and a control part. The magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field in order to induction-heat a refrigerant tube circulating refrigerant and/or a member in thermal contact with refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant tube. The generated heat temperature sensor senses temperature of a portion that generates heat due to the induction heating. The control part performs superheating protection control in order to increase an opening degree of the expansion mechanism when the temperature sensed by the generated heat temperature sensor reaches or exceeds a predetermined generated heat temperature, or when a rate of increase of the temperature sensed by the generated heat temperature sensor reaches or exceeds a predetermined rate of increase.

Abstract: An island merchandiser including a first merchandiser module, a second merchandiser module, a third merchandiser module, and a fourth merchandiser module. The first merchandiser module includes a product display area maintained within a temperature range at or below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. The second merchandiser module is positioned next and coupled to the first merchandiser module. The third merchandiser module is positioned next and coupled to the first merchandiser module and the second merchandiser module. The fourth merchandiser module is positioned next to the first merchandiser module and the second merchandiser module opposite the third merchandiser module. The island merchandiser also includes a first insulation panel positioned between the first and second merchandiser modules and the third merchandiser module, and a second insulation panel positioned between the first and second merchandiser modules and the fourth merchandiser module.

Abstract: A refrigerant distribution unit for an air conditioner, includes: a pipe unit for distributing a refrigerant from a refrigerant pipe on an outdoor unit to branch refrigerant pipes on indoor units; and a main body including: upper and lower seal case which include first edge portions around the upper seal case and second edge portions around the lower seal case, and engage the second edge portions with the first edge portions for sealing an inside of the first and second seal cases to store the pipe unit; upper and lower insulator cases for covering the upper and lower seal cases; and upper and lower case constituting a contour of the refrigerant distribution unit. The pipe unit is fixed to a pipe mounting portion of the upper seal case using a pipe holder and a pipe hanging bracket.

Abstract: A drain pain is disclosed. The drain pain includes a base sheet, an extruded covering sheet coupled to the base sheet, the extrusion defining a tube cavity having a heat transfer surface, and a heat tube inserted into the tube cavity. The tube cavity has dimension such that the heat transfer surface is in contact with the heat tube.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus includes a self-contained refrigeration module having an at least largely complete refrigeration circuit for cooling a refrigeration chamber of a household refrigerator and having a separate housing. At least one evaporator is arranged in the refrigeration circuit, wherein the housing is provided with apertures for passage of air cooled by the evaporator and air to be cooled by the evaporator. The refrigeration apparatus can be used for a household refrigerator which includes a refrigerating chamber housing having at least one refrigerating chamber. A door leaf is arranged on the refrigerating chamber housing for closing the refrigerating chamber. The refrigerating chamber housing has apertures in communication with the apertures of the housing of the refrigeration module for passage of air cooled by the evaporator into the refrigerating chamber and for passage of air from the refrigerating chamber to the evaporator.

Abstract: A system is provided for cleaning out a drain line for an air conditioning unit. The system has an access member that can be installed and remain in the drain line. The access unit provides access to the drain line to allow a fluid to move in at least one direction to remove the debris and liquids from the drain line to prevent maintenance issues with the air conditioning unit. A connecting member is used with the access member to move the debris either down the drain line or out of the air conditioning unit.

Abstract: A bottom mount household refrigerator is provided with an apparatus to permit the dispensing of ice. According to one embodiment, a sealed ice making compartment is provided within the fresh food compartment. The sealed ice making compartment may be located at the bottom, at the top, or along a side wall within the fresh food compartment. According to another embodiment, ice is made in the ice compartment, and lifted upward to a dispensing location through the door of the fresh food compartment.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing flake ice from a liquid is proposed, which apparatus is equipped with a rotatably disposed evaporator roller, a shaft on the evaporator roller that transmits torque from a drive to the evaporator roller, at least two bearing bushings which are permanently disposed on the apparatus and in which the shaft is rotatably received and mounted, a scraper for stripping ice that has been formed from the liquid at the surface of the evaporator roller, a pan that is open at the top and receives the liquid to be frozen, wherein the pan is able to be inserted or slid in one piece onto the bearing bushings or onto additional coupling elements disposed on the shaft or onto the bearing bushings or directly onto the shaft, and is detachable therefrom.

Abstract: A heat pump heating system (1A) includes: a refrigerant circuit (3) including a compressor (21), a radiator (22), and an expansion member (25A), and an evaporator (26); a circulation path (5) for circulating a liquid through the radiator (22) to produce a heated liquid; and a heater (4) for dissipating heat of the heated liquid. The refrigerant circuit (3) is provided with an internal heat exchanger (23A) for transferring heat from a high pressure refrigerant that has released heat in the radiator (22) to a low pressure refrigerant. The liquid flowing through the circulation path (5) is cooled in a liquid cooling heat exchanger (24) by means of the high pressure refrigerant flowing out of the internal heat exchanger (23A), before the liquid flows into the radiator (22).

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a heat pump circuit, a heat load circuit, first and second heat exchangers, a flow rate adjustment element, and a controller. The heat pump circuit circulates primary refrigerant through a low and high stage-side compression elements, an expansion element and an evaporator. The heat load circuit circulates a first fluid and has a first and second branching portions, first and second branching channels, and a heat-load-processing section. The first and second heat exchangers perform heat exchange between the primary refrigerant and the first fluid. Flow rate of the first fluid in the first and/or second branching channel is adjustable. The controller performs flow rate adjustment control so as to maintain a state in which a predetermined temperature condition is satisfied, or to reduce a difference between the temperature of the first fluid flowing through portions of the first and second branching channels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refrigerator having an ice making apparatus installed at a cooling chamber door that opens/closes a cooling chamber. The refrigerator includes a body having a cooling chamber therein, a cooling chamber door to open/close the cooling chamber, and an ice making apparatus installed in the cooling chamber door to make ice. An ice making evaporator is provided in the ice making apparatus to independently supply the ice making apparatus with cooling air and an ice making evaporator chamber, in which an ice making evaporator is installed, is provided adjacent to the cooling chamber door while being partitioned from the cooling chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a container for cooling at least substantially cylindrical objects, in which the container is provided with at least two cooling walls, each connected to the other in an annular lower sides, each having an outside wall and two side edges extending from the lower side to an upper part of the wall, the side edges of adjacent cooling walls tapering towards each other from the upper part to the lower side, and an accommodation chamber being formed in each cooling wall for accommodation of a removable cooling element, which accommodation chamber is bounded by a part of a substantially circular bottom contour, the outside wall and the side edges.

Abstract: A refrigeration system for an appliance includes a compression stage, a condenser stage, and an evaporation stage. The condenser stage includes a first condenser coupled to the compression stage and a pressure restriction device coupled between the first condenser and the evaporation stage.

Abstract: A power consumption economizer for refrigerating machines of the chiller type, comprising, on a same line, a pump for a heat transfer fluid, an evaporator of an associated refrigeration system for refrigerating the heat transfer fluid, sensors for detecting the flow and temperature of the heat transfer fluid and flow-rate adjustment means being associated with the pumping means. The system comprises bypass elements adapted to exclude reversibly the evaporator from the line.

Abstract: Systems and methods for storing liquid natural gas is provided. In one embodiment, the natural gas vapor in the storage tank containing the liquefied natural gas may be directed a heat exchange unit attached to the storage tank, cooled by a refrigerant in the heat exchange unit, and then returned to the storage tank.

Abstract: A process is described for removing carbon dioxide from a synthesis gas feed stream in a cryogenic separation plant. In an example described the synthesis gas feed stream (3) comprises 40 to 65 mole % hydrogen and is fed to a single stage or a first stage of a series of separation stages (120, 103, 104) at a pressure in the range of 46 to 90 bar absolute. The single stage or a stage of the series is operated at a temperature in the range of ?53 to ?48° C. and a pressure in the range of 44 to 90 bar absolute. In some examples, the single stage or the combined stages of the series remove 70 to 80% of the total moles of carbon dioxide in the synthesis gas feed stream. Liquefied C02 product stream(s) discharged from the stage (s) (7,10,13) of the cryogenic separation plant may be sequestrated and/or used in a chemical process (71).

Abstract: A process is presented for the separation of a hydrocarbon mixture having less than 50% of the light component in the feedstream. The process provides an energy efficiency through drawing off a vapor stream from the rectifying section of a distillation column, and using recompression of the vapor to provide a portion of the heat for reboiling a portion of the bottoms stream exiting the stripping section of the distillation column.

Abstract: A process and system is provided for separating a feed gas stream containing methane, at least one C2 component, at least one C3 component, and optionally heavier components, into a volatile gas stream containing a major portion of the methane and at least one C2 component and a less volatile stream containing a major portion of the at least one C3 and heavier components. The feed stream is cooled, at least partially condensed, and fed to a fractionation column wherein the feed stream is separated into an overhead vapor stream comprising primarily the lighter components of the feed stream and a bottoms liquid stream comprising primarily the heavier components of the feed stream. The introduction of a reboiler onto the fractionation column assists in removing co-absorbed C2 and lighter components from the fractionation column bottoms thereby facilitating more efficient operation of a downstream deethanizer column. Addition of residue recycle can further supplement recovery of desired components.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of heavier hydrocarbons from a liquefied natural gas (LNG) stream and a hydrocarbon gas stream is disclosed. The LNG feed stream is heated to vaporize at least part of it, then expanded and supplied to a fractionation column at a first mid-column feed position. The gas stream is expanded and cooled, then supplied to the column at a second mid-column feed position. A distillation vapor stream is withdrawn from the fractionation column below the mid-column feed positions and directed in heat exchange relation with the LNG feed stream, cooling the distillation vapor stream as it supplies at least part of the heating of the LNG feed stream. The distillation vapor stream is cooled sufficiently to condense at least a part of it, forming a condensed stream. At least a portion of the condensed stream is directed to the fractionation column as its top feed.

Abstract: A method for processing a coated glass substrate may include a high-temperature activation process.

Abstract: A method for removing oxygen from molten tin in the float bath chamber of a float glass manufacturing process is provided. The method includes providing a chamber having within it molten metal and a gaseous atmosphere above the molten metal, providing at least one reducing gas container proximate the interface between the molten metal and the gaseous atmosphere, providing a source of a reducing gas, and directing the reducing gas to the at least one container. In the at least one container, the reducing gas reacts with the oxygen in the molten metal. The method may include removing a vapor/particulate stream from the float bath chamber. The method may also include removing the vapor and/or the particulate from the stream. An apparatus for removing oxygen from the molten tin is also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an optical fiber preform including a dehydration step and a sintering step. In the dehydration step, a porous glass base material is provided to a furnace core tube of a dehydration-sintering furnace, and the porous glass base material is dehydrated using a dehydration agent added with an argon gas. In the sintering step, the porous glass base material dehydrated in the dehydration step is sintered. Further, in the dehydration step, a temperature of the porous glass base material begins to be increased in a condition such that a high heat conductivity gas, having a heat conductivity higher than a heat conductivity of the argon gas, is remaining inside the porous glass base material.

Abstract: According to the invention, a system for forming glass fiber from molten glass is disclosed. The system may include a tip plate, a plurality of tips, and a plurality of support members. The plurality of tips may include a plurality of rows of tips. Each of the plurality of support members may support the tip plate. Each of the plurality of support members may be located between two of the plurality of rows of tips.