Abstract: The invention provides a method of measuring and identifying foot arch type according to footprint data. The method includes: obtaining a static standing footprint having a foot contour including lateral and medial contours; obtaining a lateral ball and lateral heel tangent points of the footprint, and a medial ball and a medial heel tangent point of the footprint; obtaining a ball and a heel mid-point; obtaining a foot center axial line and a foot perpendicular bisector; obtaining the length of a foot width Lf as the length of the foot perpendicular bisector, and the width a foot arch La; and calculating a foot type index FTI by dividing the width of the foot arch La by the length of the foot width Lf (FTI=La/Lf), and identifying a foot arch type of the footprint by the foot type index FTI.

Abstract: The positions of at least three points, which are circumferentially, and equiangularly, offset from each other, of a peripheral face of a workpiece set on a rotary table are measured using a position detection probe. The amount of runout of the axis of the workpiece and a phase position of the workpiece, at which the runout amount is largest, are calculated from the measured positions of the equiangularly offset points. The rotary table is turned to set the largest runout phase position of the workpiece in a position opposed to a workpiece contact of a centering apparatus. The relative positions of the workpiece and a position detection block are calculated using the position detection probe. The workpiece is centered by moving a centering shaft member of the centering apparatus such that the workpiece contact pushes the workpiece by a distance corresponding to the runout amount.

Abstract: A locating device to find all hidden utility outlets such as electrical boxes after a wall covering such as gypsum board has been placed there over. The apparatus in one embodiment includes a first body locatable within a junction box proximate a rear surface of a wall covering, said first body having a magnet located therein. A second body locatable proximate a front surface of the wall covering opposite the first body. The second body includes scribing points to mark an indent on the surface of the said wall covering. The apparatus further comprises an elongate member having proximate and distal ends and being pivotally mounted to the second body. The elongate member has a second magnet at the proximate end thereof wherein the distal end is alignable with an alignment indicator when the scribing points on the second body are aligned with the entry point for a cutting tool.

Abstract: The Lint Free Container is a commercial laundromat lint trap to prevent excessive amount of commercial laundromat dryer lint to sit on rooftop, cause fire, damaging roof, etc. The Lint Free Container is a rectangular shaped box with screen cover on top for airflow. It also has trays inside filled with water to capture the lint. On the front it has additional airflow by using louvered dryer vents. On top of the screen it has a sprinkler system to wash the screen and fill the trays with water.

Abstract: A counter-current shaft dryer with moving shelves for drying agglomerates of a small mechanical strength having a vertical shaft, which comprises a top charging zone, a multi-level drying zone, preferably comprising from two thru six levels and a bottom discharging zone. An outlet stub pipe or outlet collector of drying gases situated between the bottom discharging zone and the drying zone. An outlet stub pipe or outlet collector of moist gases situated between the drying zone and the top charging zone. Shelves of the charging zone and the discharging zone are made of a number of rectangular not perforated sheet metal plates. Shelves of the drying zone are made of a number of rectangular perforated sheet metal plates. Every rectangular metal sheet plate shelf is attached along its long edge to parallel pins mounted swiveling to walls of the shaft, transverse against the axis of the shaft.

Abstract: A method for drying shoes comprising the steps of: providing a pair of wet shoes with insole; utilizing a plurality of newsprint sheets; crumpling up the newsprint sheets; stuffing the crumpled newsprint sheets into the wet shoes; setting the wet shoes aside for a specific amount of time, so that the crumpled newsprint sheets will absorb the moisture from within the wet shoes; removing the wet crumpled newsprint sheets out of the dry shoes; and disposing the wet crumpled newsprint sheets in a proper manner.

Abstract: A substrate treatment method employs a substrate holding unit, a gas ejection nozzle, and a gas supply unit. The substrate holding unit is configured to hold a substrate. The gas supply unit is configured to supply a gas to the gas ejection nozzle. The gas ejection nozzle is disposed to be positioned adjacent a center portion of the substrate held by the substrate holding unit. The gas ejection nozzle has a gas ejection port. The gas ejection nozzle is configured to eject the gas radially from the gas ejection port over the substrate held by the substrate holding unit to form a gas-flow for covering the substrate.

Abstract: A method for operating a clothes treating apparatus comprising a hot air supplying unit provided with a heater and a blowing device, and having a drying function of drying clothes by supplying hot air into a drum by use of the hot air supplying unit, includes rotating the drum with the clothes introduced therein, and supplying hot air into the drum by using the heater and the blowing device while the drum is rotated, wherein an air flow rate supplied by the blowing device changes during the hot air supplying step.

Abstract: Method of extracting syngas between the zone in a furnace where oxygen-starved combustion of biomass occurs and the zone in the furnace where secondary air is added to complete combustion, conditioning and cleaning the extracted syngas, and delivering it in a metered amount to the oxidizer or upstream of the oxidizer to reduce or eliminate the need for additional fossil fuels once the oxidizer has achieved its operating temperature. The gasifier or furnace burns solid waste and produces a syngas containing relatively high levels of CO, which is extracted from the furnace, conditioned, and introduced into an RTO as a fuel source. In certain embodiments, no extraction of syngas from the furnace takes place; the furnace conditions are manipulated so that normally undesirable levels of CO and other VOC's remain in the process stream. The heat from the furnace is used as intended (e.g., to heat a dryer), the stream is conditioned, and ultimately proceeds to a downstream RTO.

Abstract: A sole structure may include a midsole element, a plate, a first chamber, and a second chamber. The midsole element may be formed from a foamed polymer material. The plate may be formed from a substantially non-foamed polymer material, and the plate has an upper surface and an opposite lower surface. The plate is embedded within the midsole element such that the foamed polymer material exposes a first area and a second area of the lower surface. The first chamber and the second chamber each have a fluid-filled configuration. The first chamber is secured to the first area, and the second chamber is secured to the second area.

Abstract: An article of footwear that includes a sole defining a bending feature (e.g., a groove) between a phalanges portion and a metatarsus portion of the sole. The bending feature allows the phalanges sole portion to articulate upward with respect to the metatarsus sole portion. An upper is attached to the sole and defines a foot void for receiving a human foot. The upper has a phalanges portion that defines at least one toe receiver volume. The at least one toe receiver volume defines a raised shape with respect to an adjacent metatarsus portion of the upper. Articulation of the phalanges sole portion and substantially unrestricted toe lift movement into the at least one toe receiver volume allows substantially unrestricted upward toe flexion of a received foot in the foot void.

Abstract: Devices with internal flexibility sipes, such as slits, provide improved flexibility, improved cushioning to absorb shock and/or shear forces, and improved stability of support. Siped devices can be used in any existing product that provides or utilizes cushioning and stability. These products include human and other footwear, both soles and uppers, as well as orthotics; athletic, occupational and medical equipment and apparel; padding or cushioning, such as for equipment or tool handles, as well as furniture; balls; tires; and any other structural or support elements in a mechanical, architectural, or any other product.

Abstract: Disclose embodiments include shoes with interchangeable heels permitting a plurality of heel heights and styles, addressing the need for aesthetic appeal, ease of use, comfort, simplicity of design, and sturdiness. More particularly, disclose embodiments include a modifiable shoe heel consisting of a fixed heel part and an interchangeable heel part removably attachable by a system of magnets.

Abstract: The insole (1) from the upper side provided with shaping corresponding to the form of impression of bottom part of a human foot sole with recess (5) for the big toe joint with smooth toe section (10), and from the bottom side with shaping corresponding to the bottom part of a human foot sole with smooth toe section (10), while it in a flexible manner supports all parts of the foot sole between the toe section (10) and the heel section (1000). In the heel section (1000) there is performed recess (1201) or depression (120), in which the heel recession (12) is performed.

Abstract: A closure system for an object having a first portion with first eyelets and a second portion with second eyelets includes a first lace that is resiliently flexible. The first lace is operable to extend continuously through the plurality of first eyelets and continuously through the plurality of second eyelets to define a first bridge portion and a second bridge portion of the first lace. The first bridge portion is defined between the plurality of first eyelets, and the second bridge portion is defined between the plurality of second eyelets. Additionally, the closure system includes a second lace that is substantially inelastic. The second lace engages both the first bridge portion and the second bridge portion to secure the first and second portions of the object together.

Abstract: Buckle type attachment elements, such as for belts, watch bands, or the like, and/or for securing or fastening elements (e.g., for footwear, handbags, briefcases, containers, or other objects) may be produced in a manner that generates minimal waste materials, without the use of metal or mechanical hardware type connectors, from completely recyclable materials, without the need for molding, without the use of plastics, and/or without the use of adhesives or cements. Such buckle elements may include a buckle portion and a tongue portion formed from the same material. In some structures, the tongue portion may be made from a part cut out to form the buckle portion. In other structures, the tongue portion may be formed by cutting slits into a base substrate that also makes up the buckle portion. Final products and methods of making such products also are described.

Abstract: An article of footwear configured for prolonged casual and non-casual uses having an upper configured for easy installation and removal of the article of footwear with or without the use of fasteners, a sole, and a substantially continuous series of alternating ribs and grooves on a footbed of the sole extending from a forefoot region to a heel region. The ribs and grooves have base widths that are greater in an arch region of the footbed than the forefoot and heel regions of the footbed. The series of alternating transverse ribs and grooves are oriented from a lateral side region of the footbed to a medial side region of the footbed.

Abstract: A collapsible snowshoe is provided. The snowshoe includes a frame having a first supporting cross-bar configured to interact with a second supporting cross-bar, wherein the cross-bars are configured to alternate between an open position and a closed position, a first supporting material configured to be coupled to the cross-bars and further configured to extend between the cross-bars, whereby the extended supporting material creates a support surface for walking when the cross-bars are in the open position; and a frame-locking mechanism including a first portion pivotally coupled to the first supporting cross-bar, a second portion pivotally coupled to the second supporting cross-bar, the first portion is configured to be pivotally coupled to the second portion, wherein upon the first portion and second portion are configured to interlock with one another to secure said cross-bars in said open position.

Abstract: A cleat for a sports shoe including a cleat base having an opening and a cleat tip having a connecting element. The connecting element has the shape of a pin which exhibits a first diameter and a second diameter, measured perpendicular to the first diameter, which is smaller than the first diameter. In order to connect the cleat tip to the cleat base, the connecting element can be pressed into the opening and the cleat tip is held in the cleat base by a force fit.

Abstract: An interchangeable fashion accessory that is capable of attaching to the rim of a boot, giving the appearance of a customized look to the exterior of a boot without making permanent alterations. A support member will fasten the accessory to the boot, while a decorative member will provide ornamental and aesthetic improvements to the boot.

Abstract: A charm holder device for attaching charms to a heel breast of a shoe located between the shank and the heel of the shoe. The charm holder device includes an attachment portion attached to the shoe, a shoe engaging portion coupled to the attachment portion and a charm engaging portion with a charm keeper coupled to the shoe engaging portion. The charm keeper receives charms or beads. The attachment portion may be attached to the outsole of the shoe only or be in a bore located on the heel breast of the shoe and extending from the insole to the outsole.

Abstract: Footwear including an upper sized and shaped for covering a human foot of a predetermined size. The upper has a lower edge defining a lower boundary of the upper and an upper edge defining an opening through which the foot is inserted when positioning the footwear on the foot. A waterproof vapor-permeable sheet having an outer edge defining a shape corresponding to the foot is stitched to the lower edge of the upper. An interior surface of the upper and an upper surface of the sheet define an interior of the footwear into which the foot is inserted, with the upper surface of the sheet forming a bottom surface of the interior of the footwear.

Abstract: A global navigation satellite sensor system (GNSS) and gyroscope control system for vehicle steering control comprising a GNSS receiver and antennas at a fixed spacing to determine a vehicle position, velocity and at least one of a heading angle, a pitch angle and a roll angle based on carrier phase position differences. The roll angle facilitates correction of the lateral motion induced position errors resultant from motion of the antennae as the vehicle moves based on an offset to ground and the roll angle. Alternative aspects include multiple-antenna GNSS guidance methods for high-dynamic roll compensation, real-time kinematic (RTK) using single-frequency (L1) receivers, fixed and moving baselines between antennas, multi-position GNSS tail guidance (“breadcrumb following”) for crosstrack error correction, guiding multiple vehicles and pieces of equipment relative to each other, and snow grooming equipment and method applications.

Abstract: A display apparatus (20) includes a blower (44) which provides a pressurized flow of air to lower air inlet openings of tubular nozzles (35) which protrude upwardly from a collection platform (21) to thus propel lightweight beads (56) from an upper bead discharge opening of a bore (41) through each nozzle into arc-shaped trajectories which simulate flowing water. Each nozzle (35) has a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart openings (58) through the cylindrical wall (57) of the nozzle, adjacent to the platform, for drawing into the bore of the nozzle by a venturi effect beads (56) which have fallen onto the platform. One or more illumination sources (63) spaced radially apart from the nozzles (35) illuminate the airborne beads (56).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a security article, in particular a security document, comprising a security element (1) that comprises an optical system, comprising: a transparent or translucent substrate (2); on the side of a first surface (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2), a combined image comprising a plurality of encoded interleaved images (II); on the side of second surface (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2), opposite the first, an exposing screen (4) placed on top of the combined image, which enables the encoded images (Ii) to be observed during a change in the direction of observing the security element (1) relative to the optical system, wherein the encoded images (II) are observable from the side of the first surface and from the side of the second surface of the substrate (2).

Abstract: An emergency-light indicator includes an emergency light module and an indication light module includes a front cover module, a frame, a PCB module configured in the frame, multiple battery modules configured in the frame and a back panel module. A latching groove is configured on top and bottom of the frame. An emergency sign is displayed on either or both the front cover module and the back panel module. The emergency light module includes multiple LED modules and a bracket set. Each of the LED modules is structured by a lens, a reflect-light ring, a first spring, a second spring, a LED PCB, a right cover and a left cover. Multiple latching blocks are configured on the bracket set. The latching blocks are corresponding to the latching groove. The emergency light module is installed to the indication light module via a latch of the latching blocks and the latching groove.

Abstract: A frame assembly for supporting and displaying a display panel comprising: at least one pair of elongated split rails supported in a joined, spaced apart, parallel relationship by a pair of first corner connectors that are permanently mated therewith, either a second pair of elongated split rails or a unitary rail and a pair of elongated unitary rails fixedly attached by sliding, barbed and threaded engagement to the preceding rails to form a four sided frame assembly.

Abstract: A blast suppressor for safely diverting and suppressing the escape of pressurized gasses from a non-muzzle opening in a blast conduit, such as found at the juncture between a revolver's barrel and cylinder, or a recoil-reducing ported barrel. The blast suppressor being designed substantially within the existing framework of the firearm to maintain its unique physical appearance, as well as fit with current holsters, optics, and accessories.

Abstract: A modularized upper receiver including any number of replaceable panels applied to either the left or right side of the receiver for establishing varying combinations of forward assist and spent shell/gas deflection. The modifiable upper receiver is particularly suited to ambidextrous use and, in the further instance of forward assist notches added to an opposite side of the carrier, prevents the shooter from removing such as the right hand from the pistol grip in order to force feed rounds into the firing chamber.

Abstract: A weapon magazine boot for covering the exposed portion of a weapon magazine provides improved gripping features and reduced detection when observed through night vision or lowlight observation systems.

Abstract: A auto-loading firearm with magazine disconnect mechanism operable to disable the firing control mechanism of the firearm. The firearm may include a frame, a magazine adapted for holding a plurality of cartridges, and a pivotably mounted trigger movable for discharging the firearm. A magazine disconnect member is provided that is selectively engageable with the trigger and movable in response to removing and inserting the magazine. In one embodiment, the disconnect member may be slidably disposed in the frame proximate the trigger. In one position, the disconnect member engages the trigger when pulled to block or restrict movement of the trigger and disable the firing control mechanism to prevent discharging the firearm. A spring biases the disconnect member towards engagement with the trigger.

Abstract: A auto-loading firearm lockable manual safety mechanism operable to disable the firing control mechanism of the firearm. The firearm may include a frame, a pivotable hammer, and a trigger bar operably coupled to a pivotable trigger for cocking and releasing the hammer. In one embodiment, the trigger bar is movable between a firing position and standby position in which the firing mechanism is disabled. A rotary-operated camming member is provided that is engageable with the trigger bar. The camming member is operable to move the trigger bar between the firing and standby positions. In one embodiment, the camming member may be key-operated.

Abstract: A gun stock for a shoulder mounted firearm has a rear face with an upper portion extending downward from the heel of the stock at a first angle from about 0° to 10°, and a lower portion extending downward from the upper portion to the toe of the stock and forming a second angle greater than the first angle, preferably about 35° from vertical. The rear face may be part of a butt plate arranged as a door to cover a storage compartment in the stock, attached to the stock with a hinge at the toe and a latch at the heel. This configuration reduces the likelihood that the toe of the stock will catch on the shooter's armor or uniform, and places the hinge forward of the toe such that the butt plate may swing under the stock and out of the way when the storage compartment is opened.

Abstract: A accessory mounting system for a butt stock having a body, a tube cylinder integrally formed with a top end of the body, and a butt plate mounted to a rear end of the body, including a support structure on the body and a bracket having a pair of flanges arranged to be received by the support structure and a pair of mounting tabs arranged to receive an accessory such as a handheld electronic device.

Abstract: A cheek rest assembly for mounting on a butt stock, including a cheek rest having a center portion and a pair of side portions, each side portion sloping downwardly and outwardly on opposite sides from the center portion, a pair of elongate storage compartments, each storage compartment being suspended from a lower end of one of the side portions and extending along at last a portion of the side portion, and at least one storage sleeve configured to be removably inserted into either of the storage compartments such that when the storage sleeve is fully inserted into the storage compartment, a watertight seal is formed to protect stored contents within the storage compartment.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a detachable swivel and associated mount. In one embodiment, a detachable swivel can be provided. The detachable swivel can include a housing with an axial cavity; at least one retention device; and an internal body operable to mount within the axial cavity, the internal body operable to contact the at least one retention device, wherein the internal body axially translates within the axial cavity between a first position and a second position; wherein an axial force applied to a portion of the internal body and away from the housing causes the internal body to translate between the first and second position.

Abstract: A bipod kit for a firearm has a bipod leg mounting body and a firearm structural component. The bipod leg mounting body has a substantially round central passage defining an interior side surface thereof and has two leg mounting structures on an exterior side surface thereof generally opposite the interior side surface. The firearm structural component is mountable on the firearm at an OEM (original equipment manufacturer) mounting structure thereof. The firearm structural component includes a bipod mounting portion integral therewith. The bipod mounting portion is cylindrical and is rotatably mounted within the central passage of the bipod leg mounting body. The bipod mounting portion is configured such that a barrel of the firearm extends through a central passage thereof when the firearm structural component is mounted on the firearm at the OEM mounting structure thereof.

Abstract: A versatile shooting rest has a base with an adjustable riser on its nose. A clamp mechanism holds a riser in place so that a rest on the riser's end can be situated at desired heights. The base affixes to a tripod or other stand and preferably uses a ball stem that allows for rotation. The base supports the butt, handle, or rear portion of the weapon, while the rest on the riser's upper end supports the forearm, barrel, or front portion of the weapon. An insert can attach in this rest so the rest and insert can accommodate various types of weapons. The versatile shooting rest can be adjusted to accommodate a number of weapons used for hunting, including handguns, pistols, revolvers, long rifles, AR style rifles, and crossbows.

Abstract: Adjustable shooting rests and shooting rest assemblies are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a shooting rest includes a rest assembly for supporting a forestock of a firearm. The rest assembly includes a base member and first and second upright members extending from the base member. A position of each of the first and second upright members is independently adjustable with reference to the base member. The shooting rest also includes a support assembly coupled to the rest assembly to move the rest assembly in a first direction and in a second direction. The first and second directions are in a plane generally transverse to a longitudinal axis of the firearm. The shooting rest further includes a base coupled to the support assembly.

Abstract: A sight mount for firearms, consisting of a base plate (101), arranged to be fitted onto a firearm. The sight mount is fitted with integrated and split rings and two top ring halves (106,124) are arranged to attach a riflescope. The sight ring (104,111) is diagonally split (103) and has planar sides in the vertical and horizontal planes as to make visible the visible the adjustment knobs of the riflescope when in a firing position and to visualize parallel reference lines in the environment, thus providing a sub-conscious perception of the weapons vertical alignment.

Abstract: A frog lure device that has a life-like swimming action. The device has a diving “collar” disposed around an upper region of the lure body, rather than a lower region, which is common in conventional lure devices. In a specific embodiment, the collar causes the lure body to dive under the surface like a frog. Concurrent with the diving action, the lure device also has a kicking action to resemble a living frog device. The collar also forms a trail of one or more bubbles and a vortex, or slight vacuum behind it. In a specific embodiment, the lure body includes a pair of legs, which have a suitable length to be caught in the vortex and become trapped in the vortex. the pair of legs also straighten out to cause a kicking action and also provide stability to the lure body as it accelerates through the water.

Abstract: An improved trawl door that provides by combination of certain camber relationships of leading edge slats relative to a main deflector body, in certain aspect ratios, with certain thickness relationships for plates forming leading edge slats and a main deflector body where such leading slats and such main deflector body are formed with a similar curvature to their exterior (i.e. “outer”) and interior (i.e. “inner”) side surfaces, a trawl door that provides a maximally efficient trawl door of superior efficiency, of superior stability, useful at a wide range of angles of attack. In certain embodiments a perforate slat is disposed above a leading edge slat. In certain other embodiments, a perforated slat is disposed above a main deflector body, and certain constructions of support plates are useful for protecting the various perforated slats.

Abstract: The Retractable Hook Set consist of a trigger attached to a string or ribbon that retracts back into the hook set shell or pole holder for tangle free storage. The string or ribbon is adjustable by the use of a spring loaded spool and button which allows it to adapt to most pole lengths. This also allows the tension of the pole to be set, which changes the power at which the hook is set. The hook sets molded shell is designed to have a clamp attached. The clamp allows the hook to be attached to the pole or most pole holders. The trigger holds and releases the tension of the pole which hooks the fish. The hook set is adaptable to all fishing.

Abstract: A fishing rod enables viewing of pole bending activity in daylight and at nighttime. The rod has a light-transmitting pole for supporting a fishing line and having a handle end and a tip end. A collimated beam producing unit is located towards the handle end aligned to transmit a collimated beam into the interior of the pole in a direction towards the tip end. A reflector at the tip end reflects light back towards the handle end after exiting the tip end.

Abstract: A rod body for a fishing rod, in which torsional rigidity and the like are enhanced by exercising ingenuity in direction of arrangement of a prepreg tape, is provided. An inner layer 23 is formed by winding a main pattern, which is constituted by a prepreg sheet 52 having a length corresponding to the length of a rod body and provided with reinforcing fibers 42 uniformly aligned, so that reinforcing fibers 42 are tilted relative to the rod axis. An outer layer 25 is formed by helically winding a prepreg tape with small-width 70, which is constituted by reinforcing fibers 42 uniformly aligned in the longitudinal direction, in the rod axis direction so that ends of the prepreg tape 70 in the small-width direction thereof abut closely against each other. The reinforcing fibers 42 of the prepreg sheet 52 and the reinforcing fibers 42 of the prepreg tape 70 are wound so as to cross each other when viewed in a radial direction, with the winding being made helically in directions opposite to each other.

Abstract: The present invention is a combined device with a fishing hook with a sinker weight closely coupled to each other but adapted to result in inversion of the fishing hook when the device is allowed to descend though water, thereby protecting against snagging the hook in underwater obstacles.

Abstract: A rodent station for capturing or trapping mice, rats or other rodents may provide one or more rodent entry points and is sized to receive one or more rodent suppression devices, such as conventional snap traps, ramp traps, glue boards, etc. The rodent station may present a high contrast entrance that is relatively darker than the station enclosure. The station opening size may be adjustable to accommodate both mice and/or rats. An interior receptacle for station maintenance records or other printed material may also be included.

Abstract: A pest control device uses a replaceable glueboard to immobilize pests attracted to the pest control device. A unique guide is provided to help prevent the adhesive surface of the glueboards from coming into contact with other surfaces of the pest control device during installation and removal of such glueboards.

Abstract: Biomass is contacted with an aqueous media to form an extracted biomass. An aqueous liquor separated from the extracted biomass is treated with a purification substrate to form a treated carbohydrate stream having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content, based on the untreated aqueous liquor stream, prior to contact with an aqueous phase reforming catalyst to form oxygenated intermediates that can be further processed to form a liquid fuel. An extracted biomass solids stream is also separated from the extracted biomass which is contacted with a first digestive solvent and then a second digestive solvent to form a solubilized pulp. This solublilized pulp may be combined with the aqueous liquor stream or combined to an aqueous reforming reaction system or recycled to the aqueous media to be processed further for an effective process to produce the liquid fuel.

Abstract: A fuel additive is disclosed which comprises a suspension of nanoparticle oxides in a fuel miscible liquid carrier, which suspension may be colloidal or otherwise. Methods for enhancing combustion and fuel economy and reducing emissions by employing said fuel additive are also disclosed.