Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a combustion chamber, from which exhaust gas can be discharged by way of at least one exhaust valve. An engine braking device includes an hydraulic additional valve control unit is integrated into a connecting mechanism connecting the exhaust valve to a camshaft and holding the exhaust valve in a partially opened position when the engine brake is actuated. The connecting mechanism includes a rocker lever and an intermediate element between the rocker lever and the exhaust valve. The hydraulic additional valve control unit of the engine braking device has a first piston-cylinder unit for the temporary partial opening of one exhaust valve, and an hydraulic valve lash compensating mechanism has a second piston-cylinder unit for counteracting valve lash. The first piston-cylinder unit is arranged in or on the intermediate element. The second piston-cylinder unit is arranged in or on the rocker lever.

Abstract: A phase changing device 100A of a camshaft is provided to a dual structure camshaft 10 which is rotated by a driving force input thereto and which includes an inner shaft 11 and an outer shaft 12. The phase changing device 100A of the camshaft includes a phase changing portion 1A including a single housing 2 defining: an advance hydraulic chamber R1 advancing wholly a phase of the camshaft 10 by a hydraulic pressure; a retard hydraulic chamber R2 retarding wholly the phase of the camshaft 10 by a hydraulic pressure; and a phase difference hydraulic chamber R3 changing a difference between a phase of the inner shaft 11 and a phase of the outer shaft 12 by a hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: In one form a rocker is disclosed coupled with a valve stem at one end and a cam follower at the other end. The rocker is operable to rotate about a fixed axis. In one form the cam follower includes a set of lower rollers operable to follow one cam lobe and an upper roller operable to follow another cam lobe. A leaf spring can be used to couple the cam follower with the rocker. A cam shaft can have a nested configuration including an inner shaft, an intermediate tube, and an outer tube. Cam lobes can be fastened to the cam shaft in one form by fastening through each of the inner shaft, intermediate tube, and outer tube, and in another form by attaching at least two devices inserted from either side of the cam shaft and that are not inserted at least through the inner shaft.

Abstract: An adjustment device for adjusting the relative angular position of a camshaft with respect to a crankshaft within a specified angle range, the adjustment device having a device for emergency operation of the adjustment device. The device for emergency operation includes a freewheel device which can be activated in an emergency mode of the adjustment device and, in an activated state, is able to allow an adjustment movement of the camshaft with respect to the crankshaft from the current position in a first direction towards an emergency running position and to block an adjustment movement in a second direction opposite thereto.

Abstract: A camshaft that is assembled or is to be assembled carries at least one cam element that is to be disposed on a main camshaft body to be rotationally fixed and axially movable, and at least one cam element to be disposed on the main camshaft body so as to be rotationally fixed and axially immovable. The main camshaft body has first axial sub-sections having a multi-tooth profile, so that due to a positive connection between shaft and hub the cam element to be disposed in the sub-section so as to be axially movable is seated so as to be rotationally fixed. The main camshaft body also has second axial sub-sections having an extended diameter so that by a non-positive connection between shaft and hub it is ensured that the cam element to be disposed in the sub-section is seated so as to be rotationally fixed and secured against movement.

Abstract: A corona igniter 20 includes an insulator 28 surrounding a central electrode 24 and a shell 30 surrounding the insulator 28. The shell 30 presents a shell gap 38 having a shell gap width ws between a shell lower end 34 and a shell inner surface 90 or shell outer surface 92. The shell 30 has a shell thickness is decreasing toward the shell lower end 34 allowing the shell gap width ws to increase toward the shell lower end 34. The shell gap 38 is open at the shell lower end 34 allowing air to flow therein, and the shell gap width ws is greatest at the shell lower end 34. The increasing shell gap width ws enhances corona discharge 22 along the insulator 28 between the central electrode 24 and shell 30.

Abstract: A laser spark plug, e.g., for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle or a heavy-duty gas engine, has an antechamber for receiving an ignitable medium and a combustion chamber window which separates the antechamber from a part of the laser spark plug facing away from the combustion chamber. At least one flow-guiding element is provided in the antechamber and is situated in such a way that it deflects a fluid flow, which occurs in the antechamber and moves toward the combustion chamber window, into a radially inner direction.

Abstract: An engine for combusting fuel that has a head mounted to an engine block with a gasket disposed therebetween. A chamber is formed within the engine block and head that is frustroconical in shape to direct the energy wave created by the fuel to a reciprocating piston that is disposed within the chamber in the engine block. The gasket has electrical components therein including at least one electrode that extends into the chamber such that when activated the electrode provides a spark in the chamber.

Abstract: A second exhaust poppet valve 9 is provided in a portion of a combustion chamber expanded out of a main cylinder 1. A valve cover 7 reciprocates within a sub-cylinder 4 and covers a bottom surface of the second exhaust poppet valve 9. A first exhaust valve 10 and an intake poppet valve 11 are provided so as to face an upper surface of a piston 2. After the second exhaust poppet valve 9 is opened and hot high-pressure burned gas starts to flow away, the first exhaust poppet valve 10 is opened. As a result, the temperature of the first exhaust poppet valve 10 is reduced and the compression ratio can be increased. Then, a work amount of the piston is increased. The increased work amount compensates an amount of cooling loss due to increasing a surface area of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An injection device for an internal combustion engine is proposed having at least one injection valve system for injecting fuel into an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine and at least one heating device for pre-heating fuel injected by the injection valve system, the injection valve system including a first injection valve for injecting fuel in the direction of a first inlet opening of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and a separate, second injection valve for injecting fuel in the direction of a second inlet opening of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a high-pressure pump. A high-pressure outlet (4) of the high-pressure pump is connected to a high-pressure accumulator (23) that has at least one accumulator outlet (13a, 13b) for connecting to a fuel injector. According to the invention, a fuel injection system which is compact and operates in a highly reliable manner is provided. This is achieved in that the high-pressure accumulator (23) is directly adapted to the high-pressure pump and in that the accumulator outlet (13a, 13b) is aligned in a precisely defined position with respect to the high-pressure pump.

Abstract: In a fuel system of an internal combustion engine, a low-pressure delivery unit for the fuel, at least indirectly delivers fuel to at least one low-pressure injection device. The fuel system further provides a high-pressure delivery unit, which has a drive region and a delivery region and at least indirectly delivers fuel to at least one high-pressure injection device. According to the invention, the fuel is first delivered by the low-pressure delivery unit to the drive region of the high-pressure delivery unit and from there onward to the low-pressure injection device and/or to the delivery region of the high-pressure delivery unit.

Abstract: A connection arrangement for a fuel line. The fuel line has a pressure nipple having a forward a sealing surface and a rear pressure receiving surface. A cap screw element projects into the passage with a tube portion which when tightened exerts on a pressure transmission arrangement a force which is directed axially towards the nozzle holder and which is transmitted to the pressure receiving surface of the pressure nipple to press its sealing surface against a counterpart sealing surface on the nozzle holder. A sealing arrangement which seals off a first free space between the outside wall of the fuel line and the inside wall of the pressure transmission arrangement and a second free space between the outside wall of the pressure transmission arrangement and the inside wall of the passage relative to the exterior is positioned completely in the interior of the passage.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine which is provided with a variable compression ratio mechanism which can change a mechanical compression ratio and a variable valve timing mechanism which can control a closing timing of an intake valve. A target operating point which can be reached after a fixed time without entering no-entry regions from the current operating point toward an operating point which satisfies the demanded intake air amount is calculated for an operating point which shows a combination of the mechanical compression ratio and the closing timing of the intake valve when the demanded intake air amount changes, and the mechanical compression ratio and the closing timing of the intake valve are made to change toward this target operating point.

Abstract: An injector for a fuel injection system comprising: input means for receiving drive signals from an injector drive circuit for controlling operation of the injector, and an ID chip wherein the injector further comprises an electronic latch means arranged to move between a first state in which the electronic latch means is arranged to be enabled such that the ID chip is in communication with the injector drive circuit via the input means, and a second state in which the electronic latch means is arranged to be disabled such that the ID chip is not in communication with the injector drive circuit via the input means wherein the electronic latch means is arranged to move from the first state to the second state upon receipt at the injector of a drive pulse signal from the injector drive circuit.

Abstract: An adapter for retrofitting a fuel control system. The adapter has an outlet port and an inlet port for connecting to an external fuel system. The adapter replaces a standard fuel filter and fuel filter bowl.

Abstract: This patent describes two engine designs capable of recycling waste heat. The engines are both theoretically capable of approaching 100% efficiency in converting fuel to motion, although they use the same thermodynamic cycle as much lower efficiency 4 stroke engines. Also described is a device to complete combustion of carbon monoxide into CO2 while recycling the chemical energy, the Carbon Monoxide Afterburner/Heat Exchanger (CMAHE). Engines use devices from patents pending with attorney docket number wakelley01, wakelley02 and wakelley03. The first engine is named the “Balanced Load” engine or BL engine, the second the “Kinetic Load Engine” or KeLlEy Engines use a device, Thermal Pressure Multiplier, to reclaim heat. Air is compressed, then preheated to set pre-combustion conditions at a higher temperature and pressure. Engines use type of heat exchangers with a theoretical maximum temperature and heat exchange of 100%.

Abstract: In a method for flushing an activated carbon filter of a tank ventilation system of an internal combustion engine, which tank ventilation system includes a fuel tank and an activated carbon filter with which a tank shut-off valve TAV, a fuel tank vent valve TEV, and an activated carbon filter shut-off valve AAV are associated, the tank shut-off valve TAV is closed, the fuel tank vent valve TEV is opened, and the activated carbon filter shut-off valve AAV is closed. The activated carbon filter shut-off valve AAV is controlled to close in a clocked manner.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an internal combustion engine in which abnormal combustion accompanying inflow of oil hardly occurs. For this purpose, in one mode of the present invention, the internal combustion engine includes a plurality of cylinders disposed along a flow of cooling water, and a surge tank having a plurality of air outlet ports connecting to the respective cylinders, wherein the surge tank is formed so that relatively much oil accumulates in a vicinity of an air outlet port connecting to a cylinder which is located at an upstream side of the flow of the cooling water, and accumulation of the oil is relatively small in a vicinity of an air outlet port connecting to a cylinder which is located at a downstream side of the flow of the cooling water.

Abstract: A layered composite slingshot having a metallic center or core, with overlaying spacing and outer layers. The individual layers are laminated together beginning with the metallic center. Pins are strategically inserted through the slingshot frame penetrating each layer, thereby locking each layer to one another.

Abstract: A system and method for launching promotional material is described. A gas-powered cannon having an actuation system and a magazine attached to the actuation system is provided. The magazine includes a plurality of tubes capable of receiving the promotional items to be launched. A promotional item is loaded into each tube, wherein loading includes loading a first promotional item in a first one of the plurality of tubes and loading a second promotional item into a different one of the plurality of tubes. The first promotional item is launched and then the magazine is rotated around the actuation system under gas power to line up the second promotional item. The second promotional item is then launched.

Abstract: A fuel oil supply system for a portable fuel oil consuming device, representatively a portable oil fired construction heater includes supply and return fuel lines in communication with a remote fuel container in an anti-siphon configuration. One or more electrical heaters heat the fuel lines adjacent an integral pump of the consuming device. The fuel lines communicate with a partitioned volume of fuel within the container which is heated relative to a remaining volume as the fuel circulates. The pump and a combustion air blower of the device are located together with the heaters within an enclosure on the device such that air is drawn into the enclosure over the heaters and heat conducting surfaces of the pump by the blower for directing heated air through a combustion air duct of the blower which surrounds the burner and a main fuel line from the pump to the burner.

Abstract: Methods and systems for managing heliostat aiming toward a target are described. Solar rays incident on a reflective surface of a heliostat mirror are reflected toward the target. One or more optical signalers are arranged at positions about the target. An optical signal received from one of the one or more optical signalers is detected. An error in an orientation of the reflective surface is determined based on the optical signal.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a heliostat which is capable of collecting light with high efficiency and whose manufacturing cost and installation cost are reduced and also to provide a method of controlling the heliostat.

Abstract: Method for orientation of a solar panel device (3), wherein the solar panel device is oriented with respect to at least one axis (5), in a first direction and in a second direction, using energy from a first fluid reservoir (6) or a second fluid reservoir (8), the energy being provided by the solar radiation and the two reservoirs being independent, and wherein the solar panel device is oriented with respect to the axis (5), in the first direction or in the second direction, until a distributor valve (13, 14) prevents feeding of one of the actuator chambers by one of the chambers of a reservoir.

Abstract: The solar concentrator includes a base with a support frame that is rotatably connected thereto. A torsion box is tiltably mounted to the support frame to provide a wide range of movement of the torsion box and the finish surface thereon, which is preferably of a single plane parabolic shape that carries linear mirror strips. A receiver is mounted above the surface of the mirror strips at the focus of the parabola by a bracket to optimize reflection of radiation thereto. Plumbing transports liquid, such as water, through the receiver for heating thereof for various purposes, such as water desalinization. Thus, the solar concentrator is an optimized low cost and easy to manufacture solar concentrator.

Abstract: A tracking device is disclosed for a unit, in particular a solar collector, to be directed toward a moving object. The tracking device has a bracket, which carries the unit and which is accommodated on a shaft that can be rotated about an azimuth axis by means of a hydraulic azimuth drive. Furthermore, the tracking device has a hydraulically adjustable tilting device for tilting the bracket, wherein a support of the shaft and the azimuth drive are arranged on or in a housing. At least one section of the shaft having the support thereof, the azimuth drive, and a pressure medium tank having pressure medium for supplying the azimuth drive and the tilting device are arranged in a common cavity of the housing.

Abstract: A solar concentration system and a solar collection and concentration system both comprising a wave generator immersed in a fluid and processes for collecting and/or concentrating solar energy are disclosed. The solar collection and concentration system comprises a vibrating ring or ring assembly (1001), a pole or column (1009), a liquid medium used as a reflective surface, a vibration or actuation element (1001, 1003) and an energy absorption, transfer, or converting element (1019, 1020).

Abstract: A drainback tank having a solar return pipe, at least a portion of the solar return pipe being located within the internal body of the tank, the solar return pipe having a hole that is in close proximity to the hole of an output pipe, such that the fluid in the solar return pipe flows into the output pipe and leaves the tank housing to be used to heat the fluid of a corresponding hot water tank via convection in a heat exchanger.

Abstract: Solar panel tube, comprising a first pipe (11); a second pipe (12); a first insulating material (13) surrounding said first pipe; a second insulating material (14) surrounding said second pipe; said first insulating material comprising a supporting layer treated with aerogel; said second insulating material comprising a supporting layer treated with aerogel; wherein said first and second insulating materials (13, 14) are wrapped in a nylon thread winding (20) and said first and second insulating material are further wrapped by a protective layer (15).

Abstract: The invention provides an affordable solar water heater of a simple construction and a process enabling its mass production. The heater is characterized by the tank and the collector being integrated in one structurally uniform unit made of hard plastic, the unit obtained by welding two identical injected subunits.

Abstract: The hot water-flowing type saccharification apparatus (A) which hydrolyzes a raw material organic substance (X) stored in a reaction pipe (1) by passing pressurized hot water therethrough, includes a raw material hopper (4) which stores the raw material organic substance (X), a raw material-feeding pipe (3) which receives the raw material organic substance (X) dropped from the raw material hopper (4) and communicates with the reaction pipe (1), a raw material transfer unit (5) which transfers the raw material organic substance (X) to the reaction pipe (1) by extruding the raw material organic substance (X) from one end of the raw material-feeding pipe (3) toward the reaction pipe (1), a shutoff valve (2) provided between the raw material-feeding pipe (3) and the reaction pipe (1), a residue discharge unit (6) provided in the reaction pipe (1) on an opposite side to the raw material-feeding pipe (3) so as to discharge a residue (Xa) outside, a pressurized hot water supply unit (7) which supplies pressurized ho

Abstract: A solid-acid-catalyzed saccharification device (A) includes a catalytic reaction vessel (3) configured to contain a polysaccharide feedstock with water and a solid-acid catalyst (X2) as a liquid mixture (X3) to monosaccharify the polysaccharide using the solid-acid catalyst (X2), an agitation device (4) configured to agitate the liquid mixture (X3) in the catalytic reaction vessel (3), an oxidation-reduction electrometer (5) configured to measure the redox potential of the liquid mixture (X3) in the catalytic reaction vessel (3), and a pH meter (6) configured to measure the pH of the liquid mixture (X3) in the catalytic reaction vessel (3). According to the solid-acid-catalyzed saccharification device (A), it is possible to accurately follow the reaction state of a saccharification process of a feedstock using a solid acid catalyst.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for controlling the rate of cellulose hydrolysis and reducing the rate of glucose degradation by adjusting the pH during cellulose hydrolysis.

Abstract: A viscous fluid comprising 2% wt to 25% wt water, at least 75% wt carbohydrate (calculated by 100×[carbohydrate/(carbohydrate weight+water weight)]), between 0% wt and 25% wt of a second organic solvent and between 10% wt and 55% wt HCl (calculated by 100×[HCl weight/HCl weight+water weight]), which second organic solvent is characterized by at least one of: (a2) having a polarity related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter between 0 and 15 MPa1/2; (b2) having a Hydrogen bonding related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter between 0 and 20 MPa1/2; and (c2) having a solubility in water of less than 15% and forming a heterogeneous azeotrope with water, wherein the weight/weight ratio of said second organic solvent to water is in the range of between 50 and 0.02, and wherein the solubility of water in said organic solvent is less than 20%.

Abstract: The present invention is to offer a gas mist inhaler which is simple and has excellent effects by using physiological actions of carbon dioxide or oxygen.

Abstract: This device is designed to be an alternative to the traditional conscious intubation with a cooperative patient. It harnesses the negative pressure created during inhalation and utilizes it to advance a guidewire into the trachea, which then allows for endotracheal intubation. The negative pressure created during a deep inhalation will force air through a hollow delivery tube and carry a Sail-tipped wire through the vocal cords and into the trachea. Once the wire has been deployed, a syringe is attached and air is inflated into the expandible polymer sail. This will expand the sail into a balloon shape, create traction against the walls of the trachea and secure the guide-wire. An endotracheal tube may then be advanced blindly, using the wire as a guide to correct tracheal position and the NPI device removed.

Abstract: A tracheal tube for the endotracheal or tracheostomatic respiration of patients by using a breathing tube, which is at least partially insertable into the trachea, comprises a trachea sealing cuff, which is arranged at the part insertable into the trachea around the breathing tube, and comprising a temperature sensor. The cuff comprises an outer balloon and an inner balloon between which the temperature sensor is arranged.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a ventilation control system for controlling the ventilation of a patient. The ventilation control system utilizes a user-friendly user interface for the display of patient data and ventilator status. The user interface includes a graphic representation of a breath cycle that displays the breath cycle currently being ventilated, and is also responsive to changes in ventilation settings to assist the user in evaluation the effect of those changes on the ventilator strategy before the changes are implemented.

Abstract: A patient interface having a forehead support adjustably. The forehead support assembly includes a support arm that is adjustably mounted to the mask shell, thereby allowing the adjustment of the distance between the forehead support bracket and the mask shell in order to adjust for patients of different sizes. A forehead support bracket is pivotally connected to the support arm. The pivoting forehead support bracket is self-aligning to allow the forehead pad to remain parallel to the patient's forehead at all times, thus enhancing comfort and stability. The forehead support bracket is removable from the support arm, allowing the headgear (with support bracket attached) to be donned separately from the mask and support arm. The forehead support bracket in one embodiment has a forehead pad formed from the headgear itself.

Abstract: A breathing apparatus according to embodiments of the invention includes a facemask portion sized to cover a lower portion of a wearer's face. The facemask portion includes a flow chamber defined by a support layer and a cover. The flow chamber has a first opening disposed near a first end of the flow chamber and a second opening disposed near a second end of the flow chamber. At least one light emitting diode configured to emit light having a peak wavelength in the ultraviolet range is disposed between the first opening and the second opening in the flow chamber.

Abstract: A nasal filter structure includes an artificial filter that inconspicuously covers the nasal passage with a screened nasal dilator. The structure includes a nasal dilation strip preferably positioned to affect the area of nasal flex points to aid in dilating a nasal passage in an area near a nasal flex point.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tracheal tube comprising: a hollow tube inserted into the trachea; a first volume expansion portion for encompassing one side of the hollow tube; a second volume expansion portion positioned below the first volume expansion portion; a first conduit for expanding the first volume expansion portion and the second volume expansion portion; and a second conduit for supplying media for sealing to a trachea sealing portion positioned between the first volume expansion portion and the second volume expansion portion. The tracheal tube of the present invention can reduce the pressure of two cuffs which are the volume expansion portions, and can effectively improve sealing by supplying media to the trachea sealing portion positioned between the two cuffs. The tracheal tube of the present invention can reduce pulmonary aspiration and can thus considerably prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Abstract: A mouthguard includes an integrally molded tray having upper and lower portions joined by a hinge along an inner portion of the tray that defines an open-sided channel gap between the upper and lower tray portions. Shock forces tending to deflect the lower portion of the tray toward the upper portion are countered by a moment resistance of the hinge as the channel gap between the upper and lower tray portions closes. Additional energy absorption is provided by a cushion liner attached to an inner surface of the tray that prevents contact between the upper and lower tray portions, as well as an air cell defined by an occlusal pad attached to the lower tray portion. Embodiments include a detachable tether that is received within a tether mount incorporated within the mouthguard.

Abstract: A respirator comprises: a nose and mouth covering porous filter body and a flexible restraining device arranged so that the body may pivot in its vertical plane of symmetry about its nose contact portion, and the restraining device attaches to the body at positions where its restraining force imparts torque in the body about said nose contact portion so that the chin contact portion of said body bears against the user's chin. In use, the resulting chin contact force may be less than the opposing user expiration force on the filter body, so the periphery of the chin contact portion may separate from the user's chin during expiration to benefit user comfort and mitigate eyeglass condensation.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting a user comprising a continuous unitary elongate flexible member having first and second surfaces. The elongate member extends between first and second ends and has a central portion therebetween. The apparatus further comprises a pad disposed along the first surface of the central portion. The method comprises locating a central portion of the elongate member behind the neck of the user such that the pad is dispose between the elongate member and the neck of the user.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing sheet tobacco for producing a cigarette that has equivalent aroma and flavor even if the amount of burley leaves is reduced, and does not require a special processing treatment due to the absence of necessity of an installation space and costs for the treatment, a method of manufacturing a cigarette containing the same, and a cigarette. The invention separates raw material for sheet tobacco into fiber and solution, adds a casing flavor to the solution, mixes the solution added with the casing flavor and the fiber to produce a mixture, and dries the mixture. The casing flavor is previously added at the time of the molding of sheet tobacco in the sheet-tobacco manufacturing process, which makes it possible to produce sheet tobacco having the aroma and flavor equivalent of when burley leaf tobacco is used, even without applying the special processing treatment.

Abstract: A curing process for providing cured tobacco. Tobacco in green or yellow form can be cured by first placing that tobacco in intimate contact with at least one sugar and/or salt, and subjecting that tobacco to curing conditions. The resulting cured tobacco so provided can be used for the production of tobacco products, and in particular, smokeless tobacco products.

Abstract: A bi-directional multiple-layer extension cigar holder comprises a receiving body mounted on extension tubes which are adapted for adjusting the length of the holder for holding different lengths of cigars. The cigar holder can be combined with a lighter, enhancing the use convenience. In addition, elastic retaining rings in the cigar holder which are used to avoid disengagement are big-are C-shaped plates, such that the assembly convenience can be enhanced, synchronously enhancing the effect of preventing the disengagement of the extension tubes.

Abstract: An atomizing electronic cigarette has an atomizing core component and a liquid storage component, including an electric heater. The electric heater may have a through hole aligned with a channel passing through the liquid storage component. the cigarette can heat and uniformly vaporize liquid from the liquid storage component, with the user inhaling the vaporized liquid. The vapor generated by the atomizing process may be cooled as it flows through the channel.