Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals from lignin sources, including waste lignin. A method of using a depolymerization of lignin to create a tiered production of biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels is also described herein. The method described herein may also allow for the selective production of the biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels. Additionally, a reduction of waste products may also be provided from the present method.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues from lignin sources, including waste lignin. This method may allow for selectively producing biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues from lignin sources using certain processing methods. The methods for production of these biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues may be provided by chemical-induced processing, catalytic oxidative lignin depolymerisation processing, and catalytic hydroprocessing. Further, the catalytic hydroprocessing from processes including catalytic reduction processing, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation processing, and/or catalytic/dehydrogenation processing may also be used. The method described herein also provides a means in which waste from the process(es) may be reduced and/or recycled.

Abstract: A process for separating furfural from a liquid aqueous phase comprising furfural and one or more organic acids, which process comprises a step a) extracting furfural from the liquid aqueous phase into a liquid aromatic phase comprising one or more aromatic hydrocarbon compounds to obtain a liquid organic phase comprising furfural and one or more aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.

Abstract: A two-stage reactor/process is disclosed for the conversion of solid particulate biomass material and includes: a first stage, in which solid particulate biomass material is pyrolyzed to primary reaction products, and a second stage in which the primary reaction products are catalytically converted in a second stage which is operated at a temperature higher than that of the first stage.

Abstract: A process for the production of fuels and chemicals from biomass feedstock is provided. The process includes (a) drying the biomass feedstock using heated dry carbon monoxide gas; (b) devolatilizing the feedstock by reductive torrefaction with heated dry carbon monoxide gas; (c) pulverizing the feedstock; and (d) pyrolyzing the feedstock by reductive pyrolysis with high pressure or high temperature carbon monoxide gas. An integrated system for producing fuels and chemicals from biomass feedstock is also provided.

Abstract: A method for mineralizing siloxane derivatives from a liquid organic phase by adding a base in the form of an alkaline hydroxide.

Abstract: The use of substituted monoureas, diureas, polyureas, monourethanes, bisurethanes or polyurethanes of the formula R1X—CO—NR3R4 in which X is R2N or O and R1 to R4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl radicals, alkenyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, aryl radicals or arylalkyl radicals, where at least one variable must comprise 4 carbon atoms and where the urea or urethane functionality may be replicated via bridging members, for further improvement of the cold flow properties of mineral oils and crude oils which already comprise further organic compounds suitable for dispersion or for promoting dispersion of paraffin crystals which precipitate under cold conditions, and organic compounds which improve the cold flow characteristics of mineral oils and crude oils.

Abstract: This invention relates to the petrochemical industry, in particular, to a method for improving the storage stability of biodiesel fuel via using an antioxidant additive. A method for improving the storage stability of biodiesel fuel, comprising addition of an alkylphenol-based antioxidant additive via providing an initial solution that contains 6 to 48 mass % of the alkylphenol-based composition comprised of, mass %: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanone—0.2-0.3; 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol—0.7-6.0; 2-sec-butyl-6-tert-butyl-p-cresol—1.5-5.0; 4,6-di-tert-butyl-o-cresol—3.0-8.0; 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol—0.3-0.5; 2,4-di-tort-butyl-6-dimethylaminomethylphenol—2.0-5.0; 4,4-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol)—0.1-0.3; and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol—to the balance, dissolved in biodiesel fuel; and adding the solution of the composition to the biodiesel fuel to reach a concentration of the composition of from 0.002 to 1.6 mass % based on the entire biodiesel fuel solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to alkanolamide-containing compositions, and more particularly to alkanolamide-containing compositions formed by the reaction of a fatty acid and diethanolamine (DEA) which contain low levels of undesirable by-products. Such compositions are particularly suitable for use as fuel additives.

Abstract: Systems, catalysts, and methods are provided for transforming carbon based material into synthetic mixed alcohol fuel.

Abstract: A combustible fuel package is provided for a grill which comprises a generally tubular body defining a cavity therein, this body made of a paper material or other non-hazardous combustible material sufficient in strength to retain a solid fuel such as charcoal briquettes within the cavity for a sufficient amount of time to allow the solid fuel to burn to a sufficient degree for cooking food before the paper body is fully consumed, the body having a plurality of vertically oriented elongated apertures spaced around the exterior of the body.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing torrefied lignocellulosic material in a commercially suitable process.

Abstract: The present description relates to a method and system for generating a fuel pellet from high sulfur fuel waste materials having a reduced SO2 emission. In one example, the fuel pellet may include petroleum coke, a biomass constituent, and an alkali substituent.

Abstract: The present description relates to a method and system for generating a fuel pellet from high sulfur fuel waste materials having a reduced SO2 emission. In one example, the fuel pellet may include petroleum coke, a biomass constituent, and an alkali substituent. Further in another example, the fuel pellet may include iron oxide catalyst increasing the capture of SO2.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are photobioreactor systems for high productivity aquaculture or aquafarming for growing of algae or other organisms in an aquatic environment featuring aspects that favor improved growth rates by achieving control over the contents of the growth medium, including carbon source, nitrogen source, and essential trace elements necessary for growth.

Abstract: A system for algal fostering and fishery initiating and maintaining, and for reducing greenhouse gases, comprising a plurality of pumps having hoses for drawing deep, cold, and nutrient rich water from the bottom of an ocean and pumping it to the ocean's surface, and a plurality of heat exchangers drawing the heat from the warmer waters surrounding the hoses, the plurality of heat exchangers being in heat communication with at least a portion of the hoses, for gradually warming the ascending deep, cold and nutrient rich water during its ascent through the hoses, so that it is substantially at ocean's surface water temperature at the time it arrives at ocean's surface.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a photovoltaic greenhouse that has a frame structure including a plurality of upstanding walls and a roof structure supported by the frame structure. The greenhouse also includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells installed in the roof structure or walls. The photovoltaic cells convert solar energy into electricity by absorbing a predefined wavelength band of electromagnetic energy in the solar energy. The photovoltaic cells have different predefined infrared transmissivity properties to transmit infrared energy through each photovoltaic cell from outside the greenhouse to inside the greenhouse based on the respective photovoltaic cell's predefined infrared transmissivity property. The photovoltaic cells are distributed in the roof structure or walls in a pattern to heat ground locations within the frame structure to different temperatures in response to the infrared energy transmitted through the photovoltaic cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides for novel biochar compositions and a method for producing a new substrate for growing plants using the biochar and a method for growing plants using the biochar composition substrate.

Abstract: A plant culture box assembly is composed of a box and an upper cover. The box includes a bottom portion, a first peripheral wall, and a fastening portion. The first peripheral wall is connected with a peripheral edge of the bottom portion, so that an opening is formed between the first peripheral wall and the bottom portion. The fastening portion is annularly formed at an external side of the first peripheral wall. The upper cover includes a top portion and a second peripheral wall. The top portion is mounted to the opening. The second peripheral wall is connected with a peripheral edge of the top portion and tightly combined with the fastening portion to enable the first peripheral wall, the fastening portion, and the second peripheral wall to jointly define an isolated space. In this way, the box and the upper cover can have preferable airtight effect therebetween.

Abstract: A bounding system for a transplantable plant including a bounding apparatus and a support tray. The bounding apparatus includes a sheet-like sidewall framework defining a plurality of elongated, spaced sidewall apertures, and a bottom support having a support surface area. The bottom support is includes a sheet-like bottom framework defining a plurality of spaced bottom wall apertures. The bounding system includes a support tray comprised of a relatively solid sheet material, and having a tray top portion and a surrounding sidewall. The tray top portion defines an opening therethrough that is formed and dimensioned for supportive receipt of the bounding apparatus therein such that the bottom support thereof is vertically oriented at least at a sufficient distance above the ground to promote and encourage air root pruning of the transplantable plant proximate the bottom support. The surrounding sidewall and the sidewall framework defines a humidifying airspace therebetween in a manner reducing rapid dry-down.

Abstract: A hydroponic growing system including a nutrient reservoir and a planting tray having a perimeter air channel for floating on a liquid in the reservoir. A continuous planting trough is included in the planting tray for growing multiple plants in an un-segmented arrangement which is defined by a series of laterally spaced support arms extending across and underneath an opening in a support plate for carrying plant growth materials. The planting tray floats in the reservoir so that a majority of the planting trough is disposed above the liquid in the reservoir to allow for lateral air root growth. A flexible flange is carrier around the perimeter of the planting tray engaging the reservoir to form a light barrier between the planting tray and the reservoir. An air line passes into the reservoir which is connected to an air pump for introducing air into the liquid in the reservoir.

Abstract: The present application thus provides a gasifier for use in converting a feedstock material into a syngas. The gasifier may include an outer chamber, a reaction zone positioned within the outer chamber, and a disruption device maneuverable within the outer chamber to ensure a steady flow of the feedstock material into the reaction zone without bridging.

Abstract: Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for oxidizing gases. In some embodiments, a reaction chamber is configured to receive a fuel gas and maintain the gas at a temperature within the reaction chamber that is above an autoignition temperature of the gas. The reaction chamber may also be configured to maintain a reaction temperature within the reaction chamber below a flameout temperature. In some embodiments, heat and product gases from the oxidation process can be used, for example, to drive a turbine, reciprocating engine, and injected back into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A system for producing superior quality synthesis gas (“syngas”) consisting of a series of chambers in which the gasification stages of reaction, homogenization and activation occur. The first stage reaction stage agitates and combines the reactants, consisting primarily of organic matter, oxidizer and steam, to initiate gasification of the organic and volatile fraction and to transport the inorganic residue to continuous removal. In the homogenization chamber, turbulence is induced by injecting gaseous species. The gas mixture emerging from the homogenization chamber is accelerated via a third stage communicating duct and is introduced tangentially into the fourth stage activation chamber inducing a cyclonic motion wherein a high intensity radiant heat source is introduced along the central axis of the gas vortex.

Abstract: Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for oxidizing gases. In some embodiments, a reaction chamber is configured to receive a fuel gas and maintain the gas at a temperature within the reaction chamber that is above an autoignition temperature of the gas. The reaction chamber may also be configured to maintain a reaction temperature within the reaction chamber below a flameout temperature. In some embodiments, heat and product gases from the oxidation process can be used, for example, to drive a turbine, reciprocating engine, and injected back into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A household appliance includes a treatment space and a door that is pivotable about a horizontally running axis so as to close the treatment space. The door includes a door spring configured to slow down a movement of the door when it is being pivoted down. A sensor is configured to monitor a functionality of the door spring. A deceleration device is configured to be activated in the event of a failure of the door spring as recognized by the sensor and to slow down movement of the door when it is being pivoted down.

Abstract: A device to be applied at least between a side wall of the internal space of a piece of furniture and an adjacent door thereof, in order to render it laterally retracting during the opening of the internal space, comprising a pivoting upright interposed along the side of the door that is to be rendered laterally retracting of a piece of furniture, and provided with longitudinal guides for the vertical sliding of one of the two ends of a pair of rockers, each rocker being able to oscillate on a respective pivot, which is integrally pivoted to the same shoulder of a compartment, and is formed by a pair of arms which converge and are mutually integral.

Abstract: A window lift assembly for moving a vehicle window includes a window regulator assembly including an actuator that moves the vehicle window between raised and lowered positions. A window support bracket assembly connects the vehicle window and the window regulator assembly. The window support bracket assembly includes a window support that supports the vehicle window. The window support includes an outboard side and an inboard side. A support bracket is connected to the window support. The support bracket includes a window support connecting portion connected to the inboard side of the window support and a lift arm bracket connecting portion extends below a bottom of the window support. An underhang portion is connected to the window support connecting portion at an inner bend and is connected to the lift arm bracket connecting portion at an outer bend.

Abstract: An insulation device lays on top of an attic access, insulating the access, and prevents heat loss, heat radiation and cold or hot air from flowing into the home. Because the insulation device of the present invention lays on top of the attic access, and insulates all sides of the access at a consistent R-value, the insulation device is a more complete insulation system as compared to conventional systems that merely create a dead air space at the attic access. The insulation device may be hingedly attached at one end of the attic access to allow a user to easily open and close the insulation device accurately over the opening.

Abstract: A glass run for use in a sashless door-type motor vehicle, which is capable of being readily produced and securely attached without coming off a door frame, etc. The glass run includes an upper side portion, a front vertical side portion, a rear vertical side portion, a front corner portion and a rear corner portion. In the upper side portion, a glass run section and a trim section are integrally formed. A corner joining section of the corner portion extends from the upper side portion such that at least one part of the glass run section and an inner seal lip of the trim section are cut off, an inner seal lip is formed in an area corresponding to the cut inner seal lip by molding so as to be gradually tapered towards an end thereof, and an engaging protrusion adapted to be engaged with an end of the door frame is provided near an end of a corner engaging section.

Abstract: A closure assembly includes a striker assembly and a latch mechanism moveable along a longitudinal path relative to each other. One of the striker assembly and the latch mechanism includes a plate defining a first surface, and the other of the striker assembly and the latch mechanism includes an articulating member defining a second surface moveable into abutting engagement with the first surface of the plate. The articulating member moves into abutting engagement with the plate after the latch mechanism and the striker assembly have moved into a closed position relative to each other to restrict lateral movement between the striker assembly and the latch mechanism relative to the longitudinal path.

Abstract: A method of installing a door in an access opening in a skin of an aircraft. A composite inner door panel is positioned against an inside face of the skin. A composite outer door panel is positioned against an outside face of the skin. A plurality of fasteners is installed through fastener openings in the composite outer door panel. The plurality of fasteners is tightened to form a chamfered interface between the skin and the composite outer door panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides process for the manufacture of an aqueous resin composition comprising a phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resin, which process comprises the steps of: providing a formaldehyde and phenolic compound, reacting said compounds in a condensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst, after completion of the condensation reaction to react with free formaldehyde, determining the free formaldehyde content of the resin composition, adding a pre-calculated substantially stoichiometric amount of modifying compound containing a primary amine group to reduce the amount of free formaldehyde in the resin composition to less than 0.1 wt % (relative to the total weight of the aqueous resin composition), and optionally distillation of the reaction product.

Abstract: An equipment storage soffit assembly comprises a base and a blocker door which is movable relative to the base between a closed state and a transit state. In the closed state the door cooperates with the base to form a storage space bounded at its bottom by the base and at its front by at least a portion of the blocker door. In the transit state the door is displaced from its closed state to accommodate transit of equipment between a stored position and a deployed position. The stored and deployed positions are on sides of the door that are opposite to each other when the door is in the closed state.

Abstract: A portable, modular building structure.

Abstract: The assembly of prefabricated elements to form a prefabricated building with two stories includes: a prefabricated hollow structure (W) formed by portions of the walk floors of the ground floor and of the floor above (M, N) permanently connected to one another by portions of transverse walls (I) of the ground floor, and a prefabricated portal structure (V) formed by a central portion (O) of the roof floor of the upper story connected permanently to two portions of transverse walls (L) of the same story, the portal structure (V) being designed to be fixed on top of the structure (W).

Abstract: A modular datacenter facility is constructed with a set of building modules of different types of functionality to form an entire datacenter facility having a standardized pre-approved architectural design and layout. All instances of a particular type of building module will have approximately a same floor plan and architectural design. An initial set of building modules can be built upon a parcel of land, and then as needs of space and additional capacity of the modular datacenter facility increase, then at a future point in time additional building modules of the different types can be rapidly added to the initial set of building modules. The building modules of the different types use one or more connecting corridors architected into at least a first type of building module and corresponding aligned doorways between both building modules to interconnect two building modules adjacent and abutted to each other.

Abstract: A soffit enclosure for building roofs and the like of the type having at least one eave with a soffit thereunder. A first mounting member is attached to an adjacent exterior wall of the building and a second mounting member is disposed on a roof fascia of the building. The first and second mounting members support a plurality of soffit panels thereon. A decorative corbel member has a generally flat upper mounting portion with opposite end edges, a decorative lower portion shaped to enhance the appearance of the eave of the building, and first and second rigid hanger tabs disposed above and generally parallel with the mounting portion. The hanger tabs project longitudinally from the opposite end edges of the upper mounting portion and are configured for sequentially inserting into the first and second mounting members. The corbel member overlies adjacent soffit panel to conceal a joint disposed therebetween.

Abstract: A trim piece that encapsulates the roof, soffit and fascia of a building is described in addition to methods of making and installing the trim piece. The trim piece member provides, among other things, wind protection for buildings. The single piece of shaped trim is installed over roof members, fascia and soffit, and is attached to the wall. The trim member includes among other things, drip edges, ventilation holes, and a features that allows for condensation to collect and drip out of the inside of the installed trim. The trim is preferably comprised of a corrosion resistant aluminum-zinc alloy applied on steel by a continuous hot-dip process.

Abstract: A roof stilt for elevating flooring in a roof space comprising: a joist receptacle; a platform for affixing flooring to the stilt; and a support column extending between the joist receptacle and the platform for supporting the weight of elevated flooring.

Abstract: A double-floor design with flooring panels and a support structure to be placed on a sub-floor on which the flooring panels can be laid abutting one another edge to edge and spaced from the sub-floor. The support structure includes support rails which extend below the joints between the flooring panels along the joints. The flooring panels and support rails include devices for vertically fitting the flooring panels onto the support rails, wherein the edge faces of the flooring panels forming the joints are pressed together horizontally.

Abstract: A backup wall reinforcement with T-type siderail anchoring system is described for use in masonry cavity walls. The reinforcement and integral anchor is hybrid device installed within the backup wall and interlocked with novel veneer ties. The novel veneer ties are manually connected through swinging or twisting the veneer ties until the veneer ties are interlocked with the anchor. Once interlocked, lateral and vertical veneer tie movement is limited strengthening the cavity wall structure. The inclusion of a reinforcement wire within the veneer ties and the exterior wall provides a seismic structure.

Abstract: A window with at least one leaf, which may be swiveled around a vertical axis, has at least two glass panels arranged one above the other in a vertical direction. The leaf is configured so that one of the glass panels is offset forwards in relation to the other glass panel or panels in the line of sight when looking at the window from outside.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for anchoring the ends of tension members made of fiber-reinforced plastic flat strip lamellas on reinforced concrete beams that have a connecting piece and a flange with a horizontal flange lower face, two flange lateral faces, and two upper faces that run from the flange lateral faces to the connecting piece. A base plate can be positioned on the flange lower face in a horizontal manner, and at least one lateral part can be positioned along at least one flange lateral face in a vertical manner.

Abstract: A structural mounting insert for sealing between and/or adhering to surfaces of members is described. The insert includes a base member and activatable material about the base material.

Abstract: A cast concrete wall panel is secured to a concrete foundation by an anchor system which includes a steel base plate embedded adjacent the bottom surface of the wall panel and welded to a tapered channel projecting upwardly adjacent the inner surface of the wall panel to define a cavity. Reinforcing bars have bottom ends welded to the base plate and project upwardly into the concrete wall panel, and a hole is formed in the base plate at the bottom of the cavity. The hole receives a self-tapping concrete anchor bolt which is driven into a hole drilled within the foundation at an acute angle less than twelve degrees and preferably about six degrees from vertical. The channel has a removable cap to prevent concrete from entering the cavity during casting of the wall panel and to provide a decorative inside cover for the cavity after installing the anchor bolt.

Abstract: A flooring panel is provided which is configured for being supported by a sub-floor. The flooring panel includes a flooring material including a flooring surface configured for receiving human traffic when the flooring panel is being supported on the sub-floor, and a moisture barrier co-operatively disposed relative to the flooring material such that, when the flooring panel is being supported on the sub-floor, the moisture barrier is disposed between the sub-floor and the flooring material and an insulator interposed between, and connected to both of the flooring material and the moisture barrier. The flooring panel further defines a sub-floor opposing surface configured for co-operating with the sub-floor, when the flooring panel is being supported on the sub-floor, to define a space between the sub-floor opposing surface and the sub-floor for providing a fluid passage for receiving flow of water disposed between the sub-floor opposing surface and the sub-floor.

Abstract: A roofing panel includes a front surface, a top surface, a bottom surface, a right-side surface, a left-side surface and a rear surface, the front surface, the top surface, the bottom surface, the right-side surface, the left-side surface and the rear surface include a waterproofing membrane. A plurality of top perimeter edges, the plurality of top perimeter edges include substantially concave bevels. A plurality of bottom perimeter edges, the plurality of bottom perimeter edges include substantially convex bevels. The bottom surface of the roofing panel includes an adhesive for adhering the roofing panel to a roof deck.

Abstract: Connectors for joining adjacent modular floor covering units. The connectors include a film and an adhesive layer coated on one side of the film. To install tiles using the connectors, a first tile is placed on the floor and a connector is positioned so that the adhesive layer faces upward and does not contact the floor. The connector is typically positioned so that only a portion of the adhesive layer adheres to the underside of the tile, leaving the remainder of the connector extending from the underside of the tile. Tiles are then positioned adjacent the first tile so that a portion of the connector adheres to the adjacent tiles. In this way, the connectors span adjacent tile edges. The tiles are assembled on a underlying flooring surface without the need to attach them to the floor surface. Rather, the tiles are linked to each other with the connectors, so that the tiles create a floor covering that “floats” on the underlying floor surface.

Abstract: Concrete casting elements for forming an expansion joint in concrete including: a pair of expansion joint members each having a gasket mounting formation to which a gasket may be mounted in operative interposition between the expansion joint members for sealing the joint; a flange extending from a remaining portion along one side of the expansion joint member and retainer mounting means formed onto or into said remaining portion for mounting one or more retainer elements to protrude from the opposite side of the expansion joint member from the flange; the flanges of each one of the expansion joint members being formed to engage one with the other; the flange of one joint member at least partly overlying the flange of the other to provide an expansion joint upper face and such that the remaining portions may be spaced from one another when the flanges are so engaged; the flange of the other expansion joint including a lip formed to be substantially coplanar with the expansion joint upper face; and the flanges