Abstract: A fishing line indication device includes a pair of identically shaped body sections that are secured together along a top end by a connector. The body sections include front ends and bottom ends that are selectively engaged to receive a fishing line. A plurality of markings are positioned along the outside surfaces of the first and second body sections. The front ends have a curvilinear shape and the bottom ends have a round shape. The round and curvilinear shapes rotate the first and second body sections along a fishing pole to which the fishing line is attached.

Abstract: An insect trapping device having a base and a cartridge is provided. The cartridge has a shell and an insert. The insert is releaseably retained within the shell and has an adhesive portion for trapping insects. Gravitational force can pull the insert from the shell when the cartridge is removed from the base and the shell is squeezed by a user. The insect trapping device can have insect attractants, such as a light source and a heating element.

Abstract: An insect trapping device having a base and a cartridge is provided. The cartridge has an adhesive portion that is positioned adjacent a shroud when the cartridge is attached to the base. The shroud has an electric heating element which heats the shroud and the adhesive portion. The heated adhesive portion mimics biological tissue to function as an insect attractant. The insect trapping device can have additional insect attractants as well, such as a lighting source.

Abstract: A replaceable insert for an insect trapping device is provided. The insert is releaseably retained within the shell and has an adhesive portion for trapping insects. The insert has a substantially planar, longitudinally extending tab. The tab of the cartridge is laterally offset from a centerline of the insert.

Abstract: An apparatus for vaporizing and dispensing a pesticide features an elongated body structure, and heatsink attached to the elongated body structure at a distal end thereof. A loading port on the elongated structure feeds solid pesticide material into a closed-ended vaporization chamber inside the heatsink via a delivery passage running longitudinally of the elongated structure. A heater is operably arranged with the heatsink to vaporize the solid pesticide material. The heatsink interior features a second exhaust chamber that is radially offset from the vaporization chamber, and is only fluidly communicated therewith by a radial port near the end of the vaporization chamber fed by the delivery passage. The loaded solid pesticide falls past the radial port into the vaporization chamber, while the resulting vapor is forced through the radial port into the exhaust chamber by pressurized air fed through the delivery passage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are robotic devices which traverse a pre-defined coverage area in order to capture and eradicate ticks in the area. A vacuum mechanism provides a suction force for pulling ticks into the device through a frontal opening, after which the ticks are captured in a receptacle and crushed by a rotating arm. In certain embodiments, the devices include heat strips near the frontal opening of the device that mimic the human body temperature. Additionally, the device can include carbon dioxide emitters that pass carbon dioxide to the receptacle or through the frontal opening to increase attraction of ticks.

Abstract: Present invention is a system and method for chasing birds and other unwanted pest animals from a particular area. A robot is programmed to move toward the pest animal within a geofenced area until the pest animal leaves the geofenced area.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for keeping rats and similar pests away without trapping or killing them. It provides a long-life battery powered LED light system for deterring rats, mice and other nocturnal animals. Embodiments of the present invention are designed to operate continuously for at least one year between battery changes. Embodiments have been proven to deter rats from invading engine compartments of parked motor vehicles, vegetable gardens, attics, garages and outdoor patios. In preferred embodiments the wavelengths of the LEDs are chosen to correspond to the known wavelength sensitivity peaks of the eyes of rats, mice, and other rodents. This new technology transcends traps.

Abstract: A hunting blind system includes a rigid body forming an interior area, the rigid body having a front wall with a door positioned therein; a rigid roof secured to a top of the rigid body, the rigid roof having an exterior surface having a first color; and an interior surface facing the interior area and having a second color; the second color blocks sunlight.

Abstract: Described are systems, methods, and devices relating to normothermic extracorporeal support of an organ, tissue, or bioengineered graft comprising cross-circulation (XC) perfusion for prolonged periods (days to weeks) via an XC perfusion circuit in connection with an extracorporeal host (e.g., animal, patient, organ transplant recipient) are disclosed. The XC perfusion circuit comprises auto-regulation of blood flow based on the trans-organ blood pressure difference between arterial and venous pressure. Recipient support enabled 36 h of normothermic perfusion that maintained healthy lungs with no significant changes in physiologic parameters and allowed for the recovery of injured lungs. Extended support enabled multiscale therapeutic interventions in all extracorporeal lungs. Lungs exceeded transplantation criteria.

Abstract: A vessel is provided for cryopreservation by vitrification for use in the cryopreservation by vitrification of cells or embryos. The cells or embryos are retained by a retaining part of the vessel and has recesses on the retaining part to store the cells or embryos therein. The vessel for cryopreservation by vitrification in a liquid cryogen has holes in the walls which make up the recesses which do not allow the cells or embryos to pass through the walls, but which do allow vitrification solution to pass therethrough. A kit is also provided which includes the vessel and a tube for storing the vessel. A method for cryopreservation by vitrification in a liquid cryogen is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are products having animal tissue packed within the lumen of a device such as a needle cannula and being therein impregnated with a cryopreservation medium. The needle cannula or other device can be received in a capsule and/or other container, which in some forms can contain additional amounts of the cryopreservation medium occurring external of the lumen. Methods of use of the products are also described and can include ejecting the animal tissue from the lumen of device using pressurized liquid passed through the lumen, potentially to deliver the animal tissue directly into a patient. Methods of manufacture of the products are also described.

Abstract: A perfusion device and a perfusion method can allocate two routes of perfusate inflow pathways and two routes of perfusate outflow pathways for a liver graft. The perfusate inflow pathways have perfusate inflow cannulas connected respectively to the portal vein and the hepatic artery. The perfusate outflow pathways have perfusate outflow cannulas connected respectively to the suprahepatic inferior vena cava and the infrahepatic inferior vena cava. Perfusate is allowed to enter the liver from the perfusate inflow cannulas, and the perfusate in the liver is allowed to drain off from the perfusate outflow cannulas. This significantly shortens the time length of the liver graft being in an ischemic condition when the liver is removed or transplanted. That is, the onset of disorder in the liver graft can be suppressed. This increases the success rate of liver transplantation. Thus, deterioration of organ grafts during surgery is prevented in organ transplantation surgery that requires long hours.

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising: (a) silver ion; (b) a polymer comprising at least 10 wt % polymerized units of vinylimidazole; and (c) an amino alcohol comprising at least two hydroxyl groups, comprising no carboxyl groups and having a vapor pressure at 25° C. of no more than 0.025 Pa. The molar ratio of vinylimidazole:silver is at least 3:1.

Abstract: Natural compositions of three essential oils, a carrier, and a solvent are effective as both a head lice deterrent and treatment of pediculosis capitis. In some embodiments, the compositions comprise, at least, essential tea tree oil present in an amount of about 8-25 wt. %, essential peppermint oil in an amount of about 2-20 wt. %, essential lavender oil in an amount of about 1-25 wt. %, propylene glycol in an amount of about 10-50 wt. %, and SD alcohol 40B in an amount of about 20-80 wt. %. A system comprises the compositions used in combination with articles of manufacture, and more specifically hair accessories such as hairbands, hair ties, and other personal products treated with one or more compositions. A method comprises administering the system to a user.

Abstract: A barrier material is formed of an elastomeric polymer and a drying or volatile oil which may be desirably obtained from the genus or species of the plant being treated. The drying or volatile oil cures from the addition of oxygen to its organic compound to product crosslinking which enhances the rheological attributes of the barrier.

Abstract: An agricultural composition includes a plurality of rod-shaped plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) and/or virus-like particles (VLPs), each VNP and/or VLP having an exterior surface and an interior surface that extend from a first end to a second of the rod-shaped VNP and/or VLP, the interior surface defining a channel that extends through rod-shaped VNP from the first end to the second end; and at least one agrochemical agent attached or conjugated to the interior and/or exterior surface of the rod-shaped plant VNPs and/or VLPs.

Abstract: An herbicidal composition comprising (a) glyphosate or a derivative thereof, (b) an amidoalkylamine surfactant of formula (1): wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl having from about 1 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are each independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and R4 is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and (c) a co-surfactant component comprising at least one co-surfactant selected from, for example, alkoxylated tertiary amine oxides, amidoamine alkoxylates, and betaines.

Abstract: A synthetic polymer film (34A), (34B) having a surface which has a plurality of first raised portions (34Ap), (34Bp), wherein a two-dimensional size of the plurality of first raised portions (34Ap), (34Bp) is in a range of more than 20 nm and less than 500 nm when viewed in a normal direction of the synthetic polymer film (34A), (34B); and the surface has a microbicidal effect.

Abstract: Health concerns of the vector-borne diseases, such as, yellow fever, malaria, dengue fever and general discomfort due to insect bites, has encouraged the development of insecticides to kill insects and insect repellents to keep insects away from treated human skin. Annatto extracts as a natural insect repellent and insecticide have many advantages over synthetic such as lower harmful side effects, low resistance, and more environmentally friendly. Annatto extracts containing ishwarane (C15) and geranyl-?-terpinene (C20) have strong mosquito repellency. Annatto extracts containing geranyl-?-terpinene (C20) and geranylgeraniol (C20) have strong larvicidal activity. Annatto extracts with approximately equal C15 and C20 composition have insect repellency, and annatto extracts with mainly C20 composition have larvicidal activity. Annatto extracts have synergistic effects with other natural extracts.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an antibacterial and antiviral composition capable of exhibiting antibacterial and antiviral properties in a short period of time and excellent in handleability and safety. The present invention also aims to provide antibacterial and antiviral particles, a processed fabric, a coating material for a processed coating film, a processed coating film, a coating material for a UV-cured coating film, and a UV-cured coating film each prepared using the antibacterial and antiviral composition. Provided is an antibacterial and antiviral composition containing an antibacterial and antiviral polymer compound, the polymer compound being an amino group-containing polymer.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition comprising at least two quaternary ammonium compounds selected from: (i) a quaternary ammonium compound having the formula: A4-nSi(R—NHaR1bZ)n and (ii) a quaternary ammonium compound having the formula: NHcR1dZ wherein in each of the at least two quaternary ammonium compounds A, R, R1, a, Z and n are independently selected, and: A is a member selected from the group consisting of alkoxy radicals, alkylether alkoxy radicals, and alkyl radicals; R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical; each R1 is independently a member selected from the group consisting of benzyl, alkyl radicals, alkyl ether hydrocarbon radicals, hydroxyl-containing alkyl radicals, and nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon radicals; Z is a member selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, tosylate, hydroxide, sulfate and phosphate; a is 0, 1 or 2, b is 1, 2 or 3, and the sum of a and b is 3; c is 0, 1, 2 or 3, d is 1, 2, 3 or 4, and the sum of c and d is 4; and n is 1, 2 or 3; and wherein the composition

Abstract: A disinfecting composition comprising a quaternary ammonium acid compound and hydrogen peroxide is disclosed. An embodiment of the composition comprises a quaternary ammonium acid compound in a hydrogen peroxide/water solution. In addition, the composition can further comprise an acid. In addition, the composition does not comprise a cationic polymer. The disclosure also provides methods of using the same to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, mildew, and mold. The disclosure also provides for methods of disinfecting a substrate, preferably a hard surface, comprising applying a disinfecting composition of the invention to the substrate.

Abstract: Methods for repelling or killing insects, said method comprising treating an object or area with a composition comprising an insects repelling or killing effective amount of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a C8 or C9 or C10 or C11 or C12 or C13 straight or branched chain free fatty acid, methyl ester or ethyl ester or propyl ester or isopropyl ester or 2-ethyl hexyl ester of said acid, salts of said acid, and mixtures thereof, and optionally a carrier. The term “insects” as used herein includes non-insects such as ticks, mites, spiders, centipedes, scorpions, chiggers, and solifugids.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to a liquid solution formulation including gibberellic acid (“GA3”), gibberellin4 (“GA4”), gibberellin4/7 (“GA4/7”), or combinations thereof, and a low-volatile, organic solvent, and methods of their use. Specifically, the liquid solution formulations of the present invention are directed toward agricultural liquid solution formulations including at least one gibberellin and a low-volatile, organic solvent selected from polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and/or a non-polymeric glycol.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are composite materials, ionic liquid compositions for preparing the composite materials, and methods for using the composite materials prepared from the ionic liquid compositions. The composite materials typically include structural polysaccharides, structural proteins, and optionally including metal or metal oxide particles. The composite materials may be prepared from ionic liquid compositions comprising the structural polysaccharides, structural proteins, and the optional metal or metal oxide particles, where the ionic liquid is removed from the ionic liquid compositions to obtain the composite materials.

Abstract: An antimicrobial polymer composition comprising: (i) about 0.1 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of efficacy enhancing poly (isobutylene-co-maleic anhydride) polymer functionalized with (a) at least one pseudo cationic agent selected from the group consisting of functionalized and unfunctionalized primary, secondary or tertiary amines, (b) at least one compound selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized C1 to C12 alcohols and (c) at least one hydrophobic moiety selected from functionalized and unfunctionalized C4 to C20 amines; (ii) about 0.1 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of at least one neutralizing agent for enhancing efficacy of said polymer; and (iii) about 0.1 wt. % to about 99.9 wt. % of delivery system comprising at least one solvent. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the antimicrobial compositions and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Compositions, formulas, methods of making, mixing and applying insecticide formulations to different surfaces such as but not limited to interior surfaces of ovitraps, on walls and on chips and tiles to produce a texturized surface to allow for better transfer of the insecticidal active ingredients to insects, such as mosquitoes and the like, which land on or crawl on the surfaces, resulting in faster insect mortality rates. The texture of the insecticidal residue provides better transfer of the insecticidal active ingredients to insects that land on or crawl on the surface, resulting in faster insect mortality. The textured residue also enhances desirable surface characteristics for landing of mosquitoes and potentially other insects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to N-acylimino compound of formula (I): wherein X is O or S, in particular O; m is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; Het is a 5 or 6 membered carbon-bound or nitrogen-bound heterocyclic ring, W1-W2-W3-W4 represents a carbon chain group connected to N and C?N, and thus forming a saturated, unsaturated, or partially unsaturated 5 or 6 membered nitrogen containing heterocycle, wherein W1, W2, W3 and W4 each individually represent CRvRw, R1, R2 may be hydrogen, halogen, etc. R3 may be hydrogen, halogen, CN, C1-C6-alkyl, etc. R4a, R4b if present, may be hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, etc. R5 may be hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkinyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, S(O)nNR9aR9b, NR9aR9b, C(?O)OR8, C(?O)NR9aR9b, C(?S)NR9aR9b, C(?O)R7a, C(?S)R7a, NR9a—C(?O)R7a, NR9a—C(?S)R7a, NR9a—S(O)nR8a, a moitey Q-phenyl, where the phenyl ring is optionally substituted with one or more, e.g.

Abstract: Provided is a herbicidal composition containing ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate and one or more dicamba salts selected from the group consisting of dicamba diglycolamine salt and dicamba N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt. The herbicidal composition can exert an excellent control efficacy on weeds.

Abstract: Provided is a herbicidal composition comprising ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate and 2,4-D choline salt. The herbicidal composition can exert an excellent control efficacy on weeds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising a triazole compound as component I and as a component II a compound selected from (II-1) to (II-8) and to the agrochemical compositions and the uses thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a herbicidal composition containing ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate and pyroxasulfone. The herbicidal composition can exert an excellent control efficacy on weeds.

Abstract: Provided is a method which exerts an excellent effect in controlling a pest in a field of soybean, corn or cotton, using a SDHI compound and a PPO-inhibiting compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pesticidal compositions. In particular it relates to composition comprising a compound of formula (I) and a further active ingredient. Such compositions are useful for the control of pests and/or for improving the yield of crop plants.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for manufacture of biocide products are described. The biocide properties arise from the caustic calcined powder, from carbonates such as such as magnesite and dolomite, and from hydroxides such as brucite. The method of manufacture is based on the production of high surface area oxide particles using an indirectly heated counterflow reactors for specifically calcining the carbonates and the hydroxides without significant sintering. The biocide products may be a powder or a hydrated slurry. A hydrated slurry is preferred for agricultural applications as a spray. For aquaculture applications, the products have a preferred particle size distribution to impact the aquatic and benthic ecosystems, and a Ca/Mg ratio that promotes the growth of the cultivates species when applied as a powder or a slurry.

Abstract: Biomass compositions and methods for decreasing bruising of fruit of a fruiting plant by administering to the fruiting plant, seedling, or seed, a liquid composition treatment comprising a culture of microalgae cells are disclosed. The liquid composition may comprise pasteurized Chlorella cells only, Aurantiochytrium acetophilum HS399 cells only, or a combination of Chlorella and Aurantiochytrium acetophilum HS399 cells that are pasteurized at a temperature between 65° C.-90° C. The administration may comprise contacting soil in the immediate vicinity of the fruiting plant, seedling, or seed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for controlling pests are provided. The methods involve transforming organisms with a nucleic acid sequence encoding an insecticidal protein. In particular, the nucleic acid sequences are useful for preparing plants and microorganisms that possess insecticidal activity. Thus, transformed bacteria, plants, plant cells, plant tissues and seeds are provided. Compositions are insecticidal nucleic acids and proteins of bacterial species. The sequences find use in the construction of expression vectors for subsequent transformation into organisms of interest including plants, as probes for the isolation of other homologous (or partially homologous) genes. The pesticidal proteins find use in controlling, inhibiting growth or killing Lepidopteran, Coleopteran, Dipteran, fungal, Hemipteran and nematode pest populations and for producing compositions with insecticidal activity.

Abstract: Biomass compositions and methods for increasing sweetness of fruit of a fruiting plant by administering to the fruiting plant, seedling, or seed, a liquid composition treatment comprising a culture of microalgae cells are disclosed. The liquid composition may comprise pasteurized Chlorella cells only, Aurantiochytrium acetophilum HS399 cells only, or a combination of Chlorella and Aurantiochytrium acetophilum HS399 cells that are pasteurized at a temperature between 65° C.-90° C. The administration may comprise contacting soil in the immediate vicinity of the fruiting plant, seedling, or seed.

Abstract: A kit of parts for preparing a cake includes a core mold for preparing the core of the cake, and a finishing mold for finishing the cake. The core mold has a core mold volume, and the finishing mold has a finishing mold volume greater than the core mold volume. The finishing mold is shaped to receive the core of the cake. In some examples, the finishing mold comprises a rigid support layer comprising an inner surface, and a flexible lining layer comprising an outer surface. The lining layer may be removably receivable within the support layer such that the outer surface of the lining layer faces and contacts the inner surface of the support layer.

Abstract: The injection and spreading system for cooking dough, in particular for preparing pancakes includes a dough container having an outlet, an injection pump connected to the outlet of the container, a spreader connected to the injection pump and configured to spread a dough on a cooking surface, an injection circuit connecting the container to the spreader, and a preventer of congestion for the injection circuit. There is also an injection pump, a spreader, a pancake dough premix and a machine associated therewith.

Abstract: The cooking system for a cooking machine, in particular, a machine for preparing pancakes includes a plurality of cooking devices configured to be successively and cyclically moved to the end of a device for dispensing product to be cooked, in particular of a dough-injection system. There is a driving system for the cooking devices, and a control unit connected to the driving system and to the dispensing device. The control unit is configured to select part of the cooking devices, on which the product to be cooked is dispensed. The invention also relates to an associated automaton, a machine and a cooking method.

Abstract: A dough preparation machine includes a power unit, which drives, through rotational speed mechanism, a helical screw shaft that extends into a dough chamber so that the dough is compressed and pushed through rotation of the helical screw shaft to be discharged out of a jet nozzle mounted to the dough chamber. The dough chamber is provided, at a location above the helical screw shaft, with an auxiliary dough driver, which includes two movable blades that are opposite to each other and are selectively extendable outward and retractable inward. When one of the movable blades passes through a circular sidewall of dough chamber, it is pressed by the sidewall to get retracted inwardly and at the same time causing another one of the movable blades to extend outward to knead and poke dough. This process is cyclically repeated to efficiently knead the dough and prevent attachment of the dough.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the improvement of bakery products, in particular for the improvement of the texture of cakes and the tolerance of bakery doughs.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) printer system is disclosed. The 3D-printer system comprises an extruder, a housing configured to house the extruder, a 3D-printer base including a print bed, the print bed configured to receive material extruded from the extruder, and a first sensor configured to detect a location of an object on the print bed. In some embodiments, the 3D-printer system further comprises a plurality of sensors coupled to the housing or to the extruder, the plurality of sensors including the first sensor, wherein the plurality of sensors are configured to obtain data for detection of the location of the object. In yet some embodiments, the 3D-printer system of claim further comprises a processor and a non-transitory, computer-readable medium having stored thereon logic, the logic when executed performs operations including receiving data from the first sensor and detecting the location of the object on the print bed based on the data.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for deskinning a poultry leg or part of a poultry leg that may use a conveyor with conveyor elements from which the poultry leg or part of the poultry leg is suspendable, and substantially horizontal or slightly slanting cooperating bottom rollers below the conveyor that can be rotatable in opposite directions and provided with meshing teeth for stripping the skin from the poultry leg or part of the poultry leg, and wherein a set of top rollers can be provided above the bottom rollers and below the conveyor for contacting opposite sides of the poultry leg or part of the poultry leg.

Abstract: Acidified milk product, which has a pH of between 3.0 and 5.0 and a content of lactose of at least 1.5 mg/ml, wherein the product contains a lactase, which retains its activity at a pH of 5.0 and a temperature of 37° C. at a level of at least 5% as compared to its activity at the optimum pH of the lactase.

Abstract: A food product composition containing a dairy ingredient and having an aqueous phase comprised of a waxy cassava acetyl-substituted inhibited starch in an amount effective to thicken said aqueous phase, such as a yogurt, is provided. A method of making such a food product is also provided.

Abstract: Provided are non-dairy yogurt analogs that have qualities similar to those of dairy-based yogurts. Certain embodiments are to plant-based yogurt analogs comprising fermented plant protein isolates and/or gelled plant protein isolates. Also provided are processes for production of such non-dairy yogurt analogs. For instance, a method for producing a plant-based yogurt mixture capable of being used to make a plant-based yogurt analog comprising the steps of: a) obtaining an essentially dairy-free base for a yogurt formulation that includes a plant-based derivative, such as a paste; and b) adding an acid to said formulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of compacting a microporous fat powder, notably a microporous fat powder that can suitably be used as an oil structuring agent. One aspect of the invention relates to a process for compacting a microporous fat powder, said process comprising: feeding the fat powder into the feed zone of an extruder having a forwarding screw and a barrel within which said screw is centrally positioned; rotating said forwarding screw to advance said fat powder feed through a compacting zone of the extruder where the barrel comprises a plurality of venting openings having a shorter dimension that exceeds the volume weighted average diameter of the fat powder feed and that is less than 10 mm; and expelling the compacted fat powder from the extruder; wherein the temperature of the fat powder during passage through the extruder is maintained below 40° C. and wherein the compaction factor achieved exceeds 1.