Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a calender, comprising a cylindrical heated roll and a flexible belt surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge a concave load shoe against the heated roll by means of said flexible belt to form an extended and heated nip through which a fiber web passes to be calendered and a separating mechanism for having at least one of the rolls movable into and away from the nip characterized in that said flexible belt is a flexible tubular jacket which forms a part of an enclosed shoe roll such that the ends of said jacket have end walls mounted thereto, which end walls are rotatably mounted in relation to said support beam, and in that at least one of said end walls is driven by means of a drive arrangement which drive arrangement may be activated to drive the end walls and thereby also the jacket independently of its position in relation to the fiber web or the heated roll.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus calendering a fiber web, wherein the fiber web passes through an extended and heated nip, said nip being formed on one side by a cylindrical heated roll and on the other side by a flexible tubular jacket which is pressed against the heated roll by means of a concave load shoe, said tubular jacket surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge said load shoe and said flexible tubular jacket against said heated roll, and wherein the extension of the load shoe in the axial extension is less than the axial extension of the jacket and the heated roll such that when the load shoe is urged against the heated roll there will be formed tapered sections at each side end of the jacket within the nip characterised in that said tapered section are substantially covered by said fiber web such that a small strips of the fiber web at each edge is not calendered in said extended nip.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for damping contact oscillations of rotating rolls in a paper machine, but notably in a coater, the rolls being held endways in bearings and at least two rolls forming with each other a nip, the damping is carried out actively, the active stimulation (phase-shifted counteroscillation) acting from outside directly and/or indirectly on at least one bearing point of one of the rolls.

Abstract: Calender having a frame having a roll stack therein and a lower deflection control roll as the lowermost roll of the roll stack. The lower deflection roll has a sleeve supported on a bracket having opposed ends. The lower deflection control roll further has a deflection control device configured to secure the bracket against rotation. The deflection control device is further configured to operate in the direction of a center place of the roll stack. The calender further has a pair of bearing blocks, each bearing block being configured to hold a respective end of the bracket. Each bearing block is adjustable by a respective loading device. The calender further includes a pair of pivoted arms each having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end swivelly connected to the frame, and the distal end connected to a respective bearing block.

Abstract: A paper calender has a stack of rolls arranged one above the other. They form an upper stack and a lower stack with a common center roll. Additional center rolls are carried on levers that are capable of pivoting about axes fixed with respect to the frame, and are capable of being placed under load by devices applying force. These devices should be designed to be powerful enough to be capable of compensating for more than the total weight of the associated roll and the parts connected to it. As a result of the various possible settings for the line load, the finishing of the paper can be improved. A method is provided for operating a paper calender having an upper stack of rolls and a lower stack of rolls positioned below the upper stack. Each stack is individually capable of being placed under load by upper and lower force generators.

Abstract: The calender disclosed comprises a vertical stack of linked rolls, which are driven individually by controlled electric motors. The control acts on the distribution of the supplied power to the individual rolls in such a way that the forces which act on the rolls in the horizontal direction, and are measured in the roll bearings, are minimized. This allows the use of slimmer rolls.

Abstract: A shoe press for applying pressure to a moving web of paper or the like includes a press shoe extending along a full width of the web being carried through a nip defined between the shoe and a backing member, a support for the shoe, and a plurality of articulated hydraulic loading cylinders arranged between the support and the shoe for urging the shoe toward the backing member to apply pressure to the web. Each loading cylinder includes a single piston and first and second cylinders attached to the shoe and to the support, respectively. The opposite end portions of the piston are slidably received within the cylinders so as to define working chambers in the cylinders which are pressurizable by hydraulic fluid for urging the two cylinders away from each other.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for producing long plastic sheets by pressing molten plastic materials between the forming roller and the forming drum unit, the forming drum unit comprising a thin cylindrical sleeve supported from inside by a drum support unit and pressed against the outer surface of the forming roller to deform elastically in a curve along the outer surface of the forming roller as it rotates, thus maintaining a relatively long contact length.

Abstract: A slide disc seal for use in a roll of a paper or board making machine or finishing apparatus, which roll comprises a stationary axle (1) and a rotatable shell (2) with an end element (8) at each end and bearing elements (3) at each end of the roll. The slide disc seal comprises a circular sliding surface (10) on the end element (8), a chamber (18) on the other of the components (1) placed axially on the area of the sliding surface (10) and extending radially in relation to the sliding surface (10), and a ring-shaped sliding seal disc (15) having an inner edge, an outer edge and a lip seal (16) on one of the edges, the seal disc (15) being slidingly fitted within the chamber (18) so that the edge having the lip seal (16) is against the sliding surface (10) and the other edge of the seal disc (15) is within the chamber (18).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a deflection roll for compressing a web of material includes a shaft and a hollow roll disposed around the shaft. The hollow roll includes a working surface where the hollow roll is engageable with a hard roll along an entire length of the working surface. At least two bearing devices are disposed within the roll and are substantially aligned with the working surface of said roll. Each bearing device has a predetermined positive bearing clearance facilitating displacement of each outer contact surface relative to a respective inner contact surface of each bearing. The deflection roll further includes a mechanism for displacing the working surface of the roll with a fluid where the displacing mechanism is disposed external to the bearing devices.

Abstract: A calender includes a roll stack that has two end rolls and at least one intermediary roll, wherein the end rolls each have a deflection compensation device that acts in the direction of the intermediary roll. At least one end roll has an additional deflection compensation device that acts in the direction away from the intermediary roll. On the side of the at least one end roll which is remote from the intermediary roll is disposed a supplementary roll. This calender is able to carry out a matte satination operation without being fixed as to roll-specific pressures, which pressures must be of a precise magnitude so as to compensate for the deflection of the intermediary rolls.

Abstract: A gradient calender including two calender rolls arranged to form a calendering nip, at least one of the rolls being a hard-faced calender roll which is heatable to a high temperature whereby a web is passed through the calendering nip for hot calendering the web. At least one of the calender rolls is arranged to be loaded toward the calendering nip by a respective variable-crown support roll so that an auxiliary nip between the support roll and the respective calender roll and the calendering nip are in a common nip plane. Deflection of the calendering nip and the calender rolls is substantially prevented by the effect of the load produced by hydraulic loading devices arranged in the support roll.

Abstract: A process and device for satining paper may include guiding a sheet through a roll gap defined by a heated hard roll and a soft roll having with a covering. A paper sheet width of the paper may be less than a width of a cylindrical part of each of the covering and the hard roll. The two rolls may be axially adjusted in relation to each other and in accordance with the paper sheet width. Further, the two rolls are positioned such that a first sheet edge is located adjacent a first end of the cylindrical part of the covering and a second sheet edge is located adjacent a second end of the cylindrical part of the hard roll. That is, the cylindrical parts of the covering and hard roll are positioned to be directly over each other, i.e., beyond the sheet edge, at most by a predetermined permissible edge width.

Abstract: A calender for satining paper through roll gap formed between a heated hard roll and a soft roller having an elastic covering. Overheating of an edge region of the covering, i.e., the portion not covered by the paper to be satined, may be prevented by utilizing continuous insulation belts. The insulation belt may reduce the transmission of heat from the surface of the hard roll to the elastic covering, at least in the roller gap.

Abstract: A calender for treating both sides of a paper web includes hard rollers and soft rollers. Working nips are formed between the juncture of each hard roller and soft roller. The roller stack can be loaded from one end, and preferably includes six to eight rollers. A changeover nip is formed by the juncture of two soft rollers or at the transition between two stacks. When using two stacks, each stack preferably has three to five rollers. At least one working nip has a dwell time of at least 0.1 ms. A heatable roller adjacent to the working nip is heated to a surface temperature of at least 100.degree. C. The roller stack is loaded such that an average compressive stress in the working nip is greater than or equal to 42 N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A roller has a rotary hollow cylinder through which extends a non-rotary crosshead. The hollow cylinder is supported on the crosshead by two opposite rows of hydrostatic supporting elements. When the roller is operated at particularly low linear pressures in the roll gap, a uniform linear force over the whole width of the paper web is exerted in the row of supporting elements opposite to the roll gap, causing an increase in the hydraulic pressures required in the row of supporting elements that faces the roll gap, until said pressures reach a range in which perfect operation of the supporting elements is ensured.

Abstract: A calender includes at least one roller stack. The upper roller and lower roller of the roller stacks are deflection compensation rollers. The upper roller and/or the lower roller have an outer covering made of a flexible plastic and is designed to bend easily. The roller adjacent to the upper and lower roller is a hard roller.

Abstract: A calender employs an open-stack like arrangement with a single vertical beam or support column on each end of the calender. In combination with the support beam, a special swing link is used to support tension loads on the open side of the calender. The nip is thus straddled by structural members between the support column and the link. This combination has the ability to support high linear nip loads, as high as 3,000 PLI or higher. The link has pin connections at both ends so that when one pin is removed, the link can be swung open for roll removal or accessibility. Thus, the strength of the closed-stack calender is combined with the visibility and ease of access of the open-stack calender by the employment of tension links which replace one of the support columns utilized in a closed-stack calender.

Abstract: Apparatus for treatment of a fiber material web with a press gap formed by rolls, wherein at least one of the rolls comprises an adjustable deflection roll with a flexible roll jacket supported in the pressing force plane on a plurality of support elements. A plurality of independent pressing force correction sections that at least substantially do not influence one another are formed over the length of the press gap by the cooperation of the support elements, in particular, hydraulic support elements and associated sections of a roll jacket having inadequate compliance. Preferably the width of the individual correction sections along the press gap lies in the region of 25 mm to 130 mm, and preferably amounts to approximately 50 mm.

Abstract: A calender for treating a paper web includes a roller stack being loaded with a load on one end. The calender has at least two hard rollers each having a substantially smooth outer surface. The at least two hard rollers each have a device for heating a surface of the roller to a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. The calender also includes at least two soft rollers, wherein each of the at least two soft rollers is disposed adjacent to at least one of the at least two hard rollers to form a working nip therebetween. At least one working nip has a dwell time of the paper web passing through the working nip of at least 0.1 ms. The load on the rollers produces an average compressive stress in the at least one working nip of at least 42 N/mm.sup.2. An arithmetic mean of the numerical value of the surface temperature T, the dwell time t and the compressive stress p in all of the working nips satisfies the following relationship:a target value Zg=1.378-0.00356.multidot.T-(0.00825-5.12.multidot.10.sup.-5 T)p-?0.

Abstract: A calender for the two-sided treatment of a paper web has two similar stacks each of which has at least two soft rollers and two hard rollers. Working nips are formed between each hard and soft roller. The calender has at least one working nip wherein the dwell time (t) is at least 0.1 ms, the surface temperature (T) is at least 100.degree.C., and the load (P) on the stack creates an average compressive stress in the working nip of more than 42 N/mm.sup.2. This provides a calender that is smaller and less expensive to manufacture and operate than super-calenders of the prior art but that also affords excellent finishing results.

Abstract: A calender for treating both sides of a web of paper includes a roller stack. A working nip is formed between the juncture of one hard roller and one soft roller. A changeover nip is formed between the juncture of two soft rollers. The roller stack has eight rollers. The two middle rollers form the changeover nip. One of the middle rollers is a deflection adjustment roller and has an upper support device which can be pressure loaded and a lower support device which also can be pressure loaded. The supporting force that is exerted on the jacket by the upper support device is greater than the supporting force that is exerted by the lower support device.

Abstract: A calender for webs of paper includes a hard roller having a smooth outer surface. A soft roller is disposed adjacent to the hard roller and forms a roll gap therebetween. The soft roller has a coating made of flexible plastic. The coating includes an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is made of a first plastic material and the outer layer is made of a second plastic material. The outer layer has lesser flexibility and greater hardness than the inner layer. The outer layer has an outer surface having wear properties such that under normal operating conditions the average roughness R.sub.a does not exceed 0.5 .mu.m.

Abstract: A calender having one stack of rollers has a working nip formed between a hard roller and a soft roller. A changeover nip is formed between adjacent soft rollers. The changeover nip is arranged approximately in the center of the roller stack. The cumulative weight of the rollers is such that the sum of the loads per unit of length of the working nips disposed above the changeover nip is at least 80 percent of the sum of the loads per unit of length of the working nips disposed below the changeover nip.

Abstract: A calender for a web including a calender frame and a stack of rolls mounted on the frame and consisting of four rolls arranged one above the other. In the stack, adjacent rolls placed one above the other are arrangeable in nip-defining relationship with one another so as to calender the web in the nips. The stack of rolls in the calender is composed of three variable-crown rolls, of which rolls the roll mantle of at least one roll is displaceable in relation to its roll axle in the direction of the nip plane by loading devices arranged inside the roll, and one heatable roll arranged between two variable-crown rolls. The rolls are preferably arranged vertically so that the two lowest rolls and the uppermost roll are variable-crown rolls and that the third roll from the bottom of the stack is a heatable roll.

Abstract: A method which influences the thickness and gloss and/or smoothness in the treatment of fiber material webs in at least one press gap formed by rolls, wherein at least one adjustable deflection roll is used and a plurality of correction sections is provided over the press gap length which can be differently influenced with respect to temperature and/or pressure, and wherein, for the decoupling of the two correction procedures possible pressing force changes in the correction sections of the press gap resulting from local changes in diameter of the relevant roll caused by changes of the surface temperature are at least substantially prevented with the support elements and jacket.

Abstract: The invention concerns an adjustable-crown roll having a stationary roll axle which is supported on the machine frame by means of articulated bearings, and a roll mantle which is arranged to revolve on the axle. Hydrostatic loading members or an equivalent pressure fluid chamber or series of chambers are arranged in the space between the axle and the roll mantle. By means of the loading members or equivalent, the profile of a nip formed with a counter-roll of the roll is regulated. A support bushing arranged concentrically with the roll mantle is attached to one end of the roll mantle and revolves along with the roll mantle. A bearing is installed on the support bushing. The bearing receives axial forces from the roll mantle and transfers the same to the machine frame through the non-revolving bearing block or housing of the bearing. The bearing is arranged, in the axial direction, outside the roll, whereby the roll is suitable for use as a hot roll.

Abstract: A method and device for calendering of a paper or an equivalent web material, in which the web material to be calendered is passed through nips formed by a variable-crown upper roll, a variable-crown lower roll, and by two or more intermediate rolls arranged between the upper and lower rolls. The upper roll, lower roll, and intermediate rolls are arranged as a substantially vertical stack of rolls. As the intermediate rolls, rolls are used in which the form of the natural deflection line produced by their own gravity is substantially equal. The nip load produced by the masses of the intermediate rolls and the auxiliary equipment related to the intermediate rolls is substantially relieved, and almost even completely relieved. An adjustable load is applied to the calendering nips by the variable-crown upper roll or lower roll and/or by an external load applied to the upper or lower roll.

Abstract: A roller arrangement with a deflection compensation roller and a counter roller. The deflection compensation roller has a shell, through which a hydrostatic support device is supported on a carrier. The shell-ends are each supported on a ring bearing which is guided in an action plane and is radially adjustable and can be loaded by a force in the slide direction. The shell-ends can each be loaded by a torque which has an axis perpendicular to the action plane. In this way, the deflection of the shell can be matched to be proportionate to the deflection of the counter roller.

Abstract: Two press units have axes which lie in a pressing plane which is inclined to the vertical direction and they form a press nip with each other. The two press units are supported by bearing brackets which are coupled in pairs to each other by detachable tension bars which transmit the pressing force. The bearing brackets of the one press unit are supported rigidly (i.e. directly on a machine frame, foundation, or the like) and bear at least a part of the weight of the other press unit. A support device on the machine frame, foundation, or the like at least temporarily takes up a component of the weight of the other press unit which is directed transverse to the pressing plane.

Abstract: A pressure roller fuser includes a member at the end of at least one of the rollers for extending the position for applying the loading force between the rollers away from the center of the roller to cause the roller to bend with respect to the other roller. The bending causes a spreading of the nip at the edges of the roller to reduce wrinkling of the sheets fed through the nip. The amount of bend can be varied by varying the position of the loading force with respect to the center of the rollers, thereby allowing adjustment of the flare of the nip according to ambient conditions or the life of the rollers.

Abstract: A roll assembly comprising a rotatable roll (1 in FIG. 2) and a second roll (2 in FIG. 2) cooperating therewith, in which a pressing element (17) to effect displacement between the rolls along a pressure plane of the roll assembly is located in one of the rolls (1,2) and in which both rolls are supported at either end by respective support members (5,6). Prior to operation of the roll assembly, dumbbell-like shaped connecting parts (7) installed in corresponding cut-outs (9) in the support members (5,6) are tensioned and thereby securely form-locked by actuating the pressing element (17). Locking action is released by subsequent deactivation of the pressing element (17) after which the connecting parts (7) can be withdrawn. Two principal advantages of this arrangement, are the compacter construction, enabled by the fact that the frame no longer bears the pressing forces of the roll assembly, and the ease and speed with which components such as rolls, roll jackets or felt belts can be changed.

Abstract: A mechanism for regulating the external surface of an elastically deformable metal shell includes a temperature control for controlling roll sections and thus pressure controlling for controlling bending of a roller. The assembly provides a press roller with one or more pressing members for regulating nip pressure of a press roller against a counter roller. The assembly also provides a suction box with a mechanism for pressing it against a counter roller and a mechanism for pressing the counter roller against the box. The pressing mechanism are pressurized by use of a silicone elastomer compound which is in turn preferably pressurized by heating.

Abstract: A press includes at least two press units supported by respective bearing brackets. The bearing brackets are coupled together by releasable tension rods which transmit a pressing force. When the two press units are not transmitting a pressing force in a pressing plane, the tension rods are prestressed at a maximum of a fraction of the maximum pressing force. One of the bearing brackets is movable relative to the other bearing bracket along the pressing plane. The bearing brackets are guided by a pair of guide surfaces disposed parallel to the press plane.

Abstract: A multi-roll calender for treating a web material, of the type which develops a linear force, has at least two rolls stacked one above the other in a press plane. A lower roll is constituted as a sag-compensation roll. The other rolls in the calender stack are all equidistant relative to the sag-compensation roll, i.e., they are supported the same distance away from the two supports of the rolls. One of the outermost rolls (either the top or the bottom roll) is fixed in a stand while all the other rolls are movably mounted. The moveable rolls can be acted upon by support forces acting in the plane of the stack. The support forces and the internal pressure of the sag-compensation roll are adjustable via a control device, e.g., a computer, so that even when the rolls sag, the linear force distribution of the rolls is identical over their width.

Abstract: A device for wiping moisture off opposite sides of a rolled metal strip comprises at least two wiping rolls disposed at the opposite metal strip sides transversely to the direction of conveyance of the metal and pressed thereagainst by rollers grouped in pairs and regularly distributed along the rolls for support thereof. To obtain a uniform pressure of the rolls against the opposite metal strip sides across its entire width, jacks press the supporting rollers against the rolls and the pressure is controlled as a function of the width of the rolled metal strip and the position thereof so that the pressure applied by the rolls on the opposite sides of the rolled metal strip is limited to the portion of the rolls in contact with the rolled metal strip.

Abstract: A press roll in cooperation with a mating roll defines a roll nip for the treatment of a moving web of material with the press roll and mating roll being oriented to provide a non-vertical pressing plane. The press roll includes a rotatable roll casing and a yoke located within the roll casing. The roll casing and the yoke defining an intermediate space therebetween. Certain press roll parameters such as the dimensions and material of the roll casing and the yoke and/or the degree of filling of the intermediate space with a liquid are selected such that gravity induced flexures of the roll casing and the yoke occurring in a median plane perpendicular to the pressing plane are approximately equal.

Abstract: A press roll for forming a controlled press nip with an opposed roll, such as in a papermaking machine, including a rotatable roll shell with a support shaft extending axially through the roll shell and controllable hydrostatic support elements positioned between the roll shell and shaft for applying a controlled radial supporting force to the roll shell with the nip line of the roll shell forming a support plane with the axis of the shaft, and an end guide accommodating relative movement between the shaft and the roll shell in the support plane with the end guide including a V-shaped projection at each end of the shaft and on each side of the shaft, and adjustable blocks carried on the roll shell by self-aligning bearings slidable against the end guide on the shaft.

Abstract: The axes of a first press roll (1) and of a second press roll (3) lie in a press plane (E). Each of the press rolls has a respective journal (2, 4). The first press roll is supported in a first bearing bracket (5). The second press roll rests in a second bearing bracket (6) which is coupled, by means of flexurally soft tie-bar groups (7a, 7b . . . , 8a, 8b . . . ), to the first bearing bracket (5). In the unloaded condition of the roll press, the second bearing bracket (6) rests on the first bearing bracket (5). In the loaded condition, however, a clearance (p) is established between the bearing brackets (5, 6), which permits the bearing brackets (5, 6) to be displaceable relative to each other in the axial direction of the press rolls.

Abstract: A press roll apparatus temporarily or finally bonds two glass sheets with an adhesive intermediate film sandwiched therebetween to manufacture a laminated glass. The press roll apparatus has a plurality of drive roll units each having a pair of upper and lower presser rolls operatively coupled to a drive source and rotatable thereby for pressing the glass sheets therebetween, and a plurality of free roll units each having a pair of upper and lower presser rolls freely rotatable for pressing the glass sheets therebetween. The drive roll units and the free roll units are housed in a frame and vertically positionally adjustably supported by the frame, the frame having a pair of horizontal shafts projecting outwardly. The frame is supported on a support frame by the horizontal shafts for angular movement about the horizontal shafts, the support frame having a pair of horizontally spaced vertical support columns.

Abstract: The axes of a first press roll (1) and of a second press roll (3) lie in a press plane (E). Each of the press rolls has a journal pin (2) and (4) respectively. The first press roll is supported in a first bearing pedestal (5). The second press roll rests in a second bearing pedestal (6) which is coupled to the first bearing pedestal (5) by utilizing flexurally soft tension bars (7, 8). In the unloaded condition of the roll press, the second bearing pedestal (6) rests on the first bearing pedestal (5). In the loaded condition, play (p) is established between the bearing pedestals (5 and 6) so that the bearing pedestals (5 and 6) are displaceable axially relative to each other.

Abstract: The invention concerns an adjustable-crown roll having a stationary roll axle which is supported on the machine frame by means of articulated bearings, and a roll mantle which is arranged to revolve on the axle. Hydrostatic loading members or an equivalent pressure fluid chamber or series of chambers are arranged in the space between the axle and the roll mantle. By means of the loading members or equivalent, the profile of a nip formed with a counter-roll of the roll is regulated. A support bushing arranged concentrically with the roll mantle is attached to one end of the roll mantle and revolves along with the roll mantle. A bearing is installed on the support bushing. The bearing receives axial forces from the roll mantle and transfers the same to the machine frame through the non-revolving bearing bock or housing of the bearing. The bearing is arranged, in the axial direction, outside the roll, whereby the roll is suitable for use as a hot roll.

Abstract: A laminator with two rollers forming a roller nip, one of the rollers being subjected to pressure produced by a force-generating device, with a movable supporting element applying pressure perpendicular to a plane passing through the roller nip and evenly distributed over the length of the roller, the other roller being supported over its length by bearing elements attached to an adjustably flexible bracket.

Abstract: A paper guide cylinder utilizes an outer cylinder shell and an interior dynamically balanced cast body. A pair of axle journals are formed at the ends of the cylinder body. At least one of the axle journals is adjustably supported concentrically with a bearing journal that is formed with the outer cylinder shell.

Abstract: A multi-roll calender for treating a web material, of the type which develops a linear force, has at least two rolls stacked one above the other in a press plane. A lower roll is constituted as a sag-compensation roll. The other rolls in the calender stack are all equidistant relative to the sag-compensation roll, i.e., they are supported the same distance away from the two supports of the rolls. One of the outermost rolls (either the top or the bottom roll) is fixed in a stand while all the other rolls are movably mounted. The moveable rolls can be acted upon by support forces acting in the plane of the stack. The support forces and the internal pressure of the sag-compensation roll are adjustable via a control device, e.g., a computer, so that even when the rolls sag, the linear force distribution of the rolls is identical over their width.

Abstract: A roller for compressing of webs of material comprises a rotating hollow roller traversed lengthwise by a stationary crosshead. Hydraulic loading devices in the form of sealing members act on the inside circumference of the hollow roller and delimit hydrostatic bearing pockets to which hydraulic pressure fluid can be supplied. The extension of the sealing members is limited by head bolts, which make it possible to position the hollow roller relative to the crosshead during operation.

Abstract: An extended nip press apparatus is disclosed for pressing water from a formed web. The apparatus includes a frame and an elongate shoe pivotally supported by the frame. A backing roll cooperates with the shoe for defining therebetween an extended nip for the passage therethrough of the web. The backing roll includes a beam which extends in a cross-machine direction, the beam being rigidly supported by the frame. A roll shell is rotatably supported by the beam, the roll shell cooperating with the shoe for defining the extended nip. A plurality of roll shell deflection compensating devices are disposed in a cross-machine direction between the roll shell and the beam for urging the roll shell towards the elongate shoe and for compensating for deflection of the roll shell relative to the shoe during passage of the web through the extended nip.

Abstract: An on-machine calender device intended to be on-line connected to a paper machine. The calender comprises a number of subsequent calendering nips, through which the web (W) to be calendered can be passed. The nips are formed between a soft calender roll and a hard calender roll or between two soft calender rolls. The calender is composed of one or several, for example two, subsequent calender modules (M.sub.1, M.sub.2). The modules comprise one counter-roll (10, 20) and at least two soft calendering rolls (11, 12, 13; 21, 22, 23), which are placed at both sides of the counter-roll (10, 20) in the direction of running of the web (W). The calender rolls (10, 11, 12, 13;20, 21, 22, 23) are dispaceable in relation to each other so that the threading of the web (W) can be carried out as a straight run, for which purpose an open passage is opened through the calender.

Abstract: A flexure-controllable roll includes a hollow roll, a stationary crosshead extending lengthwise therethrough and hydrostatic support elements arranged in the clearance space between the hollow roll and crosshead. The support elements are formed with contact surfaces for abutting the inner circumference of the hollow roll. Hydrostatic bearing pockets are formed in the contact surfaces. The bearing pockets are supplied with a first pressurized fluid via throttling ports from a cylinder chamber of the support element. An additional feed line, provided in the crosshead, has a movable part that follows the movements of the support element for supplying a second pressurized fluid to the bearing pockets for regulating the temperature of the roll.

Abstract: A cylinder has a roll shell that rotates around a fixed central axis. A first chamber arranged inside the cylinder is filled with liquid and transfers a supporting hydraulic force from the central axis to the shell. The first chamber is linked by a throttle to a second chamber located as well inside the cylinder, and in which is arranged for example a hermetically closed rubber hose filled with gas, so that the second chamber is at all times only partially filled with liquid. Thus, the volume of liquid contained in the second chamber can rapidly change when there is a change of pressure in the first chamber, so when the shell tends to vibrate, liquid flows back and forth through the throttle, converting wave energy into frictional heat by means of fluid friction, and thereby damping the vibration.