Abstract: The smoothing and calibrating of paper is described which utilizes a calender mechanism, particularly in its application to the production of photographic base paper in a papermaking line, and in which hard cylinders are positioned next to each other in which adjacent cylinders are of different diameters.

Abstract: In a roll apparatus formed by a top roll and a hydraulically supported bottom roll, which together form a roll nip, additional piston/cylinder units that can lift the hollow cylinder near its working position closing the roll nip are provided at least at the ends of the hydraulically supported bottom roll. Due to the geometric arrangement employed, this lifting function is operative only up to a predetermined position of the hollow cylinder relative to its crosshead, which is selected to be at a short distance before closure of the roll nip. The pressure in the piston/cylinder unit degenerates whenever the piston of the additional piston/cylinder unit is forced out of sealing contact with its respective cylinder when the predetermined position is reached.

Abstract: A calendar wherein a bottom roll and a deformable top roll flank one or more intermediate rolls is operated in such a way that the shape of the top roll is caused to conform to that of the adjacent intermediate roll before the nip of the top roll with the adjacent roll is narrowed. At least the top roll is heated to enhance the satinizing effect upon paper webs without unduly affecting the specific volume of treated material. It is further proposed to subject the bottom roll to preliminary deformation and/or to heat the bottom roll and/or one or more intermediate rolls.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reel-up of a paper web, wherein a roll is formed around a reeling drum or in another embodiment of the invention on the support of carrier rolls or carrier belts, and wherein a reeling cylinder is used to form a reeling nip for contacting the roll which is to be produced during passage of the paper web through the reel-up apparatus, includes a center axis and a cylinder mantle mounted for revolution around the axle comprised by the reeling cylinder. A method and apparatus for reel-up of a paper-web includes hydraulic loading elements for adjusting deflection of the cylinder mantle such that distribution of line pressure in the reeling nip, in its axial direction is controlled, e.g. maintained to be substantially uniform.

Abstract: A flexure-controllable roll includes a stationary crosshead extending through a hollow cylinder, which is rotatable about the crosshead and supported by hydrostatic supporting elements that are radially displaceable by at least one piston/cylinder unit associated with each supporting element. Hydraulic fluid flows from the cylinder chamber of each piston/cylinder unit via choke bores into supply pockets formed in the contact surface of each supporting element. An additional piston/cylinder unit is provided on the rear side of the supporting element for exerting additional forces directed either toward the supporting element to press it against the inner circumference of the hollow cylinder or away from the supporting element to pull it away from the inner circumference.

Abstract: A roll arrangement comprises a hydraulically supported bottom roller having rotating hollow cylinder and a stationary crosshead extending lengthwise through the cylinder to form a clearance space therewith. The end of the crosshead are supported by force exerting devices. The forces producing the line pressure of the roll are transferred through a hydraulic supporting device, such as hydraulic fluid contained within a longitudinal pressure chamber in the crosshead, to the inner circumference of the hollow cylinder. When a quick release action is desired to separate the bottom roller from its counterroll, the pressure in the longitudinal chamber is suddenly lowered by opening a quick release valve connected to a return tank. A corresponding reduction of the pressure in the force exerting devices to permit separation of the rollers occurs only after a sensor, such as a dynamometer, has determined that the load on the crosshead has been substantially removed.

Abstract: A two roll pressure developer for a microencapsulated web or medial material includes rolls which have a support shaft through the center, a hollow annular shell, and load-bearing elastomer material between the shaft and the shell supporting the shell and controlling the deflection of the shaft under development loads. The elastomer material is formed as a plurality of discrete annular segments with inside diameters mounted on the shaft and outer diameters mounted in the shell. The segments are distributed along the length of the shaft so as to provide the roll with a variable modulus of elasticity which is highest at the axial center of the shaft and lower at the ends. In one embodiment, the segments are identical in width and are varied in pitch or axial spacing. In another embodiment, the segments are spaced at the same pitch but are varied in axial thickness.

Abstract: A heatable controlled deflection roll contains hydrostatic support elements, each of which is supported in a pressure chamber and displaceable in a predetermined support or pressing direction. Heating of the rotatable roll shell or jacket of the controlled deflection roll is accomplished by infeeding a heated hydraulic heat carrier medium to bearing pockets of the hydrostatic support elements. This infeed of the heated hydraulic heat carrier medium is effected operationally separate from the provision of the pressure chamber with hydraulic pressurized fluid medium colder than the heated hydraulic heat carrier medium. The infeed of the hydraulic heat carrier medium and the infeed of the hydraulic pressurized fluid medium are thus accomplished via separate lines without thermal stressing of associated regulating valves and pumps and without a viscosity reduction of the hydraulic pressurized fluid medium, such viscosity reduction resulting in a loss of hydraulic pressurized fluid medium.

Abstract: A calender roll wherein a cylindrical shell is rotatably mounted on a stationary carrier by way of bearings which are disposed in the end portions of the shell. The median portion of the shell is heated by a first heating device, and the end portions of the shell are heated by a discrete second heating device. The second heating device has channels which are provided in the end portions of the shell and/or indictive heaters which are adjacent to the exterior of the end portions of the shell. Alternatively or in addition to such expedients, the second heating device can include the bearings in the end portions of the shell; each such bearing includes or constitutes an axial or radical hydrostatic bearing which is heated by hydraulic fluid to thereby heat the respective end portion of the shell. The second heating device ensures that the effective length of the shell approximates or even matches the axial length of the shell.

Abstract: A calender arrangement including a first stack of rolls with a first heated hard roll, which, together with a center soft roll, forms a nip. On the other side of the soft roll, another soft roll is arranged, which, together with the soft roll, forms another nip. A second stack of rolls with a soft roll which interacts with a second hard heated roll follows the first stack of rolls. The second hard heated roll contacts the paper web on the side lying opposite the side contacted by the first heated hard roll in the first stack. A further hard roll can also cooperate with the hard roll in the second stack to form a hard nip. The treatment that the paper web undergoes, varies in accordance with the type and sequence of the nips through which it is guided.

Abstract: A sealing arrangement for a roll having a stationary crosshead extending through a rotating hollow roll, which forms an outer working roll circumference, includes longitudinal seals and transverse end seals disposed against the inside circumference of the hollow roll. The seals form at least one longitudinal chamber in the annular clearance space between the crosshead and hollow roll. The longitudinal chamber may be filled with pressure liquid for supporting the hollow roll. Each transverse end seal has a relief chamber formed by a recess in the side of the transverse end seal facing away from the longitudinal chamber and a shoulder of a circumferential slot in the crosshead in which the transverse end seal is disposed. A pressure chamber is formed between the bottom of the circumferential slot and the bottom side of the transverse end seal. Both chambers are in fluid communication with the longitudinal chamber.

Abstract: A supercalender comprises a stationary variable-crown upper roll (1), a floating variable-crown lower roll (2), several intermediate rolls (3,4) between the upper roll (1) and the lower roll (2), and a hydraulic control system. The upper roll (1) has a roll mantle (12) that is supported on the roll shaft (11) by hydrostatic loading elements (13) acting in the direction of compression and by end bearings at the ends of the roll mantle, which bearings prevent displacement of the mantle (12) ends in the radial direction relative to the shaft (11) of the upper roll. The lower roll (2) has a roll mantle (22) that is supported on the roll shaft (21) adjustably in the direction of compression by means of hydrostatic loading elements (23). Position detectors (23,31) are provided at the ends of the shaft of at least one roll.

Abstract: A press roll of adjustable sag has a roll shell which is rotatable around a stationary yoke that is supported on a pedestal. Each end of the roll shell terminates in a journal that is supported by a self aligning bearing disposed within a bearing housing. The bearing housing and the supported end of the roll shell is displaceable relative to the yoke transversely to the axis of the press roll and in the press plane of the press roll and the mating roll. Hydraulic support pistons on the yoke supply support for the press roll shell against the mating roll. The distances between the bearings of the roll shell and of the mating roll are approximately equal. To exert additional bending forces on the ends of the roll shell, a double acting hydraulic force producing piston is supported in the pedestal and is connected with the guide part in which the self aligning bearings are supported for displacing the guide part, for displacing the bearings, for displacing the end of the roll shell, generally in the press plane.

Abstract: Apparatus for the pressure treatment of webs of material, such as the wet section of a paper-making machine, including a damping device fixedly connected to the protruding end of the roll for damping vibrations of the roll occuring during rotation thereof. The damping device comprises a pair of annular mass rings which surround the protruding roll end and are resiliently supported within an enclosed housing which includes frictional elements bearing against the rings.

Abstract: The operation of a calender or a like machine with at least one pair of rolls which define an elongated nip and wherein at least one of the rolls is a so-called bending compensation roll is regulated by a computer which transmits signals to adjustable pressure regulating valves in conduits serving to admit pressurized fluid to a plurality of actuators (such as hydrostatic bearing elements and hydraulic cylinder and piston units for the bending compensation roll) which can alter the load parameter (such as the line load or the compressive strain) in discrete zones of the nip. The computer has inputs for signals which indicate the temperature in the nip, for signals which indicate the characteristics of the web that is advanced through the nip, and for signals from a memory for a pressure reaction matrix.

Abstract: A roll with rotating shell comprising a fixed support beam (2), a tubular shell (1) rotatably mounted on the support beam (2) about an axis, a plurality of shoes for holding the shell distributed side by side along the length of the beam in an axial bearing plane (P), each shoe (3) being slideably mounted radially between the shell (1) and the support beam (2) and connected to an arrangement (21, 33) of regulating thrust and to an arrangement (51, 55) of introducing continuously a lubricant into the gap (52) between the bearing face (31) of the shoe and the internal face (13) of the shell.

Abstract: A caliper control system for controlling the thickness and sheet quality of paper passing between calender rolls of a calender stack includes a distribution chamber which houses a supply of heat transfer fluid. A series of nozzles extends across the width of the unit in the cross machine direction, and each of these nozzles are selectively actuable. An actuating means, which may be a piston connected to a solenoid, opens and closes an opening in the wall between the distribution chamber and the nozzle for each nozzle of the unit. In a preferred embodiment, the caliper control system includes two such units. One of these units will supply hot air to the roll surface, and the roll to which the hot air is applied to an unheated roll. The second unit will supply cold air to a heated roll. Each of the nozzles is covered with a plate which includes a large number of apertures for expelling the heat-transfer fluid from the nozzle.

Abstract: A pressure roll is disclosed particularly for fixing and developing sheet material which is treated by passing through a high pressure nip defined by a pair of the rolls. The roll includes a support shaft and a cylindrical roll body secured to the shaft. To produce a uniform force along the pressure nip when a pair of the rolls are placed under load, the body is formed from a body material having a modulus of elasticity which varies as a function of position along the length of said body. The body is encased in a cylindrical shell.

Abstract: A roll for use in the system of rolls of a calender has a stationary carrier which is surrounded by a deformable hollow cylindrical shell movable radially relative to the carrier and having end portions which surround and are rotatable relative to rings which are also movable relative to the carrier in the radial direction of the shell. The rings can be arrested in selected positions with reference to the carrier by pairs of hydraulic cylinder and piston units which are connected with the outlets of pumps or with the outlet of a single pump by conduits containing shutoff valves. Refilling devices are provided to compensate for leakage of fluid from the chambers. The shell is deformable by rows of hydrostatic supporting elements which react against the carrier and bear against the internal surface of the shell.

Abstract: A device for adjusting the profile of a roll with a deformable wall (1) mounted rotatably about a central shaft (2). Blocks (3) are aligned along the axis between a bearing face (21) of the shaft (2) and the cylindrical inner face (12), and hydraulic thrust jacks (4) are arranged between the face (21) and a bearing face (32) of the blocks (3) at the opposite, for adjusting the radial position of each block (3). The axial and transverse dimensions of each block (3) are different, and its plane and rectangular bearing face (32) works together with a single hydraulic jack (41) having an oblong working cross-section covering the greater part of the face (32). The invention applies especially to rolling-mill cylinders.

Abstract: Spur gearing including an outer gear rim firmly attached to the roller to be driven. A first self-aligning bearing disposed within the outer gear rim mounts the gear rim to a firm support. A pinion outside of the outer gear rim meshes with the outer gear rim. A journal in the pinion connects it to a support bracket. A second self-aligning bearing joins the pinion to the journal. A pinion driving coupling shaft is coupled to the pinion for driving the pinion to rotate. The pinion can incline with respect to the coupling shaft. To limit the angle of tilt of the pinion, in one embodiment, there is a third self-aligning bearing within the pinion to one axial side of the second bearing and a radial gap between an extension of the journal for the second bearing and the third bearing, for allowing and limiting tilting of the pinion axis, and the elements are so sized that the tilt angle of the pinion is limited to about 1.degree. and preferably to less than 0.6 .degree..

Abstract: A controlled deflection press roll structure for coacting with an opposed member to form a press nip including a rotatable roll shell and a stationary support shaft extending therethrough with a plurality of first hydraulically supported shoes extending axially along the shell supported on the shaft, a second shoe opposite the nip for applying a nip unloading force, third shoes lateral of the nip located at the end of the nip for stabilizing the shell and axially facing pads for the end shoes supporting the shoes on the shaft.

Abstract: A rolling stand includes a stationary roll and at least one movable roll in spaced-apart relationship with the journals of the movable roll supported in a bearing unit which cooperates with a control mechanism for radially displacing the movable roll relative to the stationary roll and thus for adjusting the gap therebetween. The bearing unit includes two separate radial bearings with one radial bearing cooperating with a control element and with the other radial bearing acted upon by a work element which applies a counterforce in opposition to the force exerted by the control element.

Abstract: In a controlled deflection roll, hydrostatic support elements are used which can be tilted to an increased extent only in the axial direction but not in the circumferential direction of the roll shell. Deflection or bending of the stationary support member, on which the roll shell is supported by the hydrostatic support elements is compensated by the axial tilting capacity of such hydrostatic support elements. The transverse forces occurring during operation of the controlled deflection roll are automatically compensated by the supporting directions or direction of action of at least outer bearing pockets of the hydrostatic support elements and which form a predeterminate angle with the pressing direction, so that force components directed in the circumferential direction are formed which substantially counteract the prevailing transverse force.

Abstract: A squeezing device includes a driving squeezing extractor and a driven squeezing extractor which comes rotationally in contact with the driving squeezing extractor to carry out a squeezing process on a fabric to be dyed by feeding of the fabric through between the two squeezing extractors, the driven squeezing extractor being composed of a hollow cylindrical rotatable member which is rotatably supported on a center shaft inserted along the axis thereof, and a plurality disc-like supporting members which are arranged inside the cylindrical rotatable member, and each of the disc-like supporting members on the ends is rotatably fitted with an inner periphery of the cylindrical rotatable member and is movable relative to the center shaft in the axial direction.

Abstract: A system of rolls for use in a calender has an end roll with a fixed carrier and a deformable hollow cylindrical shell surrounding the carrier with freedom of radial movement and defining with a neighboring roll an elongated nip for a running web of paper, textile material or the like. The end roll has a row of primary hydrostatic supporting elements disposed between the carrier and the shell adjacent the nip and a row of secondary hydrostatic supporting elements diametrically opposite the row of primary supporting elements. The bearings between the end portions of the shell and the carrier surround rings which are movable relative to the carrier radially of the shell and can be arrested in selected positions by cylinder and piston units which are connected to a source of pressurized fluid by way of shutoff valves.

Abstract: A pinch apparatus in which a pair of rolls, comprising rollers whose peripheral length decreases from the center portion in the axial direction towards each end disposed on the curved roller shaft rotatably, are arranged opposedly utilizing a flat part throughout the axial direction at an external periphery of the roller. The pinch apparatus feeds out a material being passed through in quantity corresponding to peripheral lengths in each part of the roller. The apparatus also includes an adjusting device which adjusts the shaft angle and roll ascending and descending portions.

Abstract: A roll arrangement for calendars or super-calendars is provided by the combination of two rolls which together form a press nip wherein one of the rolls is solely deflection-controllable and the other roll is solely temperature-controllable zone by zone. The temperature-controllable roll has a tubular rotatable roll shell and a stationary core extending through the roll shell. The space between the roll shell and the core is divided by means of several peripheral seals into numerous annular chambers. A flow of fluid is guided through each of the annular chambers. The fluid temperature in each annular chamber is independently controllable. Consequently the temperature-controlled roll shell can be heated by the fluid to different degrees along the axis thereof to control its external diameter along each zone. The peripheral seals are sized to have free play in a direction transverse to the roll axis and are constructed as endless, metallic rings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining substantially uniform profiles of the roll mantles of an adjustable-crown roll and a counter-roll at a nip formed therebetween wherein the bearing distance of the counter-roll is substantially larger than the bearing distance of the adjustable-crown roll and wherein the nip is loaded by load forces applied to one or both rolls, preferably at regions of the bearings. A compensation moment is produced by devices situated within the mantle of the adjustable-crown roll between the bearings thereof loading both end regions of the roll mantle, the magnitude of the moment adjustable by adjusting the moment-producing compensation force such that the profiles of the deflected roll mantles of the adjustable-crown roll and the counter-roll at the nip are substantially uniform.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the transverse distribution of pressure applied to a web passing through a nip formed between a pressure zone-adjustable device having a first number (K) of separately adjustable pressure zones, including those for roll loading cylinders, if any, and a counter-member. A desired linear load profile comprising a second number (N) of setting zone set values for a corresponding number (N) of setting zones is provided, the second number (N) of the setting zones being substantially greater than the first number (K) of actual pressure zones. The second number (N) of setting zone set values are input to a zone conversion unit which is programmed with a mathematical model of the nip and are converted to a first number (K) of pressure zone set values so than an actual transverse distribution of pressure applied to the web is obtained having a minimal deviation from the setting zone set value distribution.

Abstract: A piston-glide shoe combination for use in a zone-adjustable variable-crown roll comprising a stationary central axle and a cylindrical roll mantle rotatably mounted on the central axle, the glide shoes of the combinations being loaded by hydraulic fluid pressure against the inner surface of the roll mantle so as to control the distribution of nip pressure in a nip formed by the variable-crown roll and a counter-roll. The piston-glide shoe combination includes an auxiliary chamber arrangement into which the pressure fluid is passed from the lubrication chambers and/or glide surface regions of the glide shoe through ducts so that when the pressure in the lubrication chambers and/or on the glide surface regions of the glide shoe is reduced, the reduced pressure is transmitted through the duct to a particular auxiliary chamber or chambers so that a torque tending to stabilize the play at the glide surface of the glide shoe that causes the reduced pressure.

Abstract: A device for controlling the diameter of cylindrical sections of a rotating calender roll. The device comprises at least one nozzle which directs a jet of air against the calender roll. The flow of air from each nozzle remains approximately constant. Only the temperature of the jets change as heating elements associated with each nozzle are energized or deenergized. Thermal expansion or contraction, resulting from localized heating or cooling by the air jets, corrects local non-uniformities in the calender roll diameter.

Abstract: Roll-type pressure-treating apparatus, for subjecting sheet or web material to a uniformly high and uniform pressure across a nip, includes a pair of annular pressure rolls mounted in nip-defining relation to each other. Each of the pressure rolls has received internally thereto a crowned loading roll. The crowned loading rolls have ends which are received in journal blocks through which the pressure rolls are loaded, by compression springs. The crowned loading rolls apply a loading force to the respective inside surfaces of the pressure rolls in immediate adjacent relation to the opposite sides of the nip formed therebetween.

Abstract: A two-roll type pressure developer apparatus provides for the pressure development of a latent image formed on sheet material, and includes a first hollow pressure roll mounted on a support shaft which extends axially through the first roll and is in pressure-engagement to define a high pressure nip with a second roll. The support shaft forms a loading shaft through which the hollow or first roll is center-loaded. The rolls are carried in a support frame with the second roller being journalled in the frame, and the first roller being journalled on radius arms through non-self-aligning bearings on the arm ends. The arms in turn are mounted on bosses through self-aligning bearings. Loading springs apply a loading force directly to the loading shaft through the arms and journals so that the self-aligning bearings permit the arms to deflect during the shaft loading while the loading forces are carried by the non-self-aligning bearings.

Abstract: A roll for use in a calender has a stationary carrier for a hollow cylindrical shell whose end portions are supported by combined radial and axial bearings surrounding annular bearing members which, in turn, surround the end portions of the carrier. The carrier defines with each bearing member a set of chambers which are sealed from the atmosphere and can receive pressurized hydraulic fluid to ensure that the end portions of the shell are biased toward a second roll with a requisite force as well that the end portions of the shell are stabilized against lateral and/or other stray movements. The fluid in the chambers ensures that the shell can be acted upon by large forces without unduly stressing the antifriction bearings. The bearing members flank a hydrostatic bearing unit which acts between the central portion of the shell and the carrier.

Abstract: A roll for use in a calender has a stationary carrier which is surrounded by a hollow cylindrical shell with the interposition of a hydraulically operated displacing unit which can flex selected portions of the shell when necessary so as to establish a preselected nip between the peripheral surface of the shell and the shell of an adjoining roll. The hydrostatic displacing unit is flanked by two antifriction bearings which operate between the carrier and the shell and are lubricated by a circuit which is independent of the circuit that supplies hydraulic fluid to the displacing unit. This renders it possible to use in the displacing unit a fluid whose temperature is much higher than the maximum permissible temperature of lubricant for the bearings. The bearings are sealed from the respective ends of the displacing unit by single seals or by multiple seals, and any leak fluid which penetrates beyond the neighboring seal is evacuated through one or more channels in the carrier and/or in the shell.

Abstract: A hooded air shower system for controlling the diameter profile of a rotating cylinder. Air is supplied to an air chamber and then channeled into a plurality of conduits that correspond to a plurality of cross-machine zones of the cylinder. The air temperature is regulated within each conduit and separate channeling is maintained until the air is directed to the cylinder. An obstructing device substantially restricts movement of the air along the cylinder to one circumferential direction, and a given portion of directed air moves along substantially the entire circumferential range of the cylinder that is subtended by the hood.

Abstract: A roll with a rotating shell comprises, between a stationary shaft (2) in the shape of an elongate beam and a rotating shell (3) mounted for rotation around an axis on the shaft (2), a row of supporting shoes (4) with a fluid bearing. The roll is equipped with at least one device (6) for recovery of at least a part of the lubricating fluid escaping from the supporting shoes (4), the device being applied against the inner wall (30) of the jacket (3) to form with the latter a recovery zone (7) which is open in the reverse direction to the rotation of the shell, the zone (7) being connected to a circuit (8) for removing the recovered fluid.

Abstract: An electrical air heater for a calender roll diameter control device is described. The heater comprises a tube for directing a flow of air along the inside of the tube from a plenum toward an object which is to be heated. An electrically resistive heating element is mounted inside the tube to heat the flow of air as it flows from the rear to the front of the tube. Since the air is heated by the heating element inside the tube, the air is coolest when it first enters the tube and hottest where it escapes at the front of the tube. Similarly, the heating element is cooled by the air and is, therefore, hottest near the front of the tube where the heated air escapes. The hotter front end of the heating element tends to burn out faster than the cooler end of the heating element. To prolong the life of the heater, openings are provided in the tube wall to admit a flow of cooling air at the hottest part of the heating element.

Abstract: A roll for treating a web of material includes a hollow roll supported for rotation about a stationary cross piece. Between the inside circumference of the hollow roll and the cross piece, a longitudinal chamber filled with temperature-controlled pressure liquid is provided, in which a lengthwise subdivision is arranged so that the flow of the pressure liquid in the two partial longitudinal chambers is in opposite directions in order to obtain a uniform temperature distribution along the roll.

Abstract: A method of operating a controlled deflection roll having a stationary roll support or beam and a roll shell or jacket rotatable about the stationary roll support. The rotatable roll shell is supported in relation to the stationary roll support by means of hydrostatic pressure elements. The roll shell is displaceably guided in guides in relation to the stationary roll support for movement in a press or pressure plane. Between the rotatable roll shell and the stationary roll support, supporting or carrier members are operated and regulated for taking-up the inherent weight of the rotatable roll shell within the range of mobility of the rotatable roll shell in relation to the stationary roll support or beam.

Abstract: In a floating roll the abutment faces of the transverse seals at the crosshead are not radial or axial but have an orientation corresponding to a spherical surface, the center of which is situated in the center of the adjacent bearing on which the cylinder is supported on the crosshead. When the crosshead flexes, the position of the transverse seal relative to the inner circumference of the cylinder and hence the abutment of the transverse seal at the inner circumference are not changed.

Abstract: A radially deflectable impression cylinder, such as an impression cylinder for cooperation with a rotogravure printing cylinder. The impression cylinder includes a shell which is freely rotatably mounted on a stationary axle by means of annular members carrying a plurality of spaced rolling element bearings. At least an intermediate one of said annular members is radially displaceable in order to deflect the shell of the cylinder so that it assumes a bowed shape when viewed from the side.

Abstract: A device for controlling the diameter of cylindrical sections of a rotating calender roll. The device comprises at least one nozzle which directs a jet of air against the calender roll. The flow of air from each nozzle remains approximately constant. Only the temperature of the jets change as heating elements associated with each nozzle are energized or deenergized. Thermal expansion or contraction, resulting from localized heating or cooling by the air jets, corrects local non-uniformities in the calender roll diameter.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll including a rotary tubular roll shell carried on a stationary shaft extending through the roll shell, the roll shell supported on the shaft for pressure engagement along a working face with an opposing member to form a pressing operation, the chamber between the shaft and roll shell being pressurized by fluid induced past a seal between the shaft and roll shell on the oncoming side of the pressure chamber such as by a specially shaped seal having a trailing lip and releasing pressure from the pressure chamber to maintain a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll for operating at a predetermined heated temperature including a roll shell rotatably journalled on a shaft with the roll shell supported along its length on a piston in a chamber in the shaft and support oil delivered beneath the piston and passing into pockets on the outer surface of the piston to support the roll shell, heated oil delivered to the spaced between the shaft and roll shell, and an annular chamber of insulating oil at the ends of the roll shell between the shell and the end bearings.

Abstract: A device for selectively controlling the diameter of sections of a calender roll. The device comprises a plurality of nozzles which direct jets of superheated steam against sections of the calender roll. Thermal expansion, resulting from localized heating by the steam jets, corrects local non-uniformities in the gap between adjacent cooperating calender rolls. Moisture which condenses from the steam onto the calender roll surface is removed by a flow of air past the roll surface.

Abstract: A method for compensation of load produced defections in a roll and a roll in which the method is applied. The roll comprises a supporting, non-rotating shaft (1) and a rotatable mantle portion (2) supported thereon by means of a plurality of bearing units (3a, 3b). The bearing units (3a) at the end portions of the shaft (1) are provided with a flexible mounting (6, 8, 9) with respect to the shaft (1) and/or the mantle portion (2). The flexible mounting (6, 8, 9) is connected to flexible elements (4) influencing the support of the mantle portion (2). The spring modulus of the flexible elements (4) is adapted to the stiffness of the shaft (1), so that, under external loading of the roll, the flexible elements (4) allow the ends of said shaft (1) to move radially relative to said mantle portion (2), but resist this movement with an elastic force being dependent on the angle of deflection of said shaft (1 ), thereby keeping the deflection of said mantle portion (2) within predetermined limits.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a controller for controlling the local diameters of a temperature sensitive calender roll by selectively heating sections of a sheet of calenderable material with infrared lamps while the sheet is in contact with the calender roll or before the sheet contacts the roll. The calender roll is made of a material having at least one dimension which responds to changes in temperature. Therefore, thermal expansion of the roll, resulting from contact of the heated sheet with the roll surface, corrects local non-uniformities in the calender roll diameters. If the calender rolls unexpectedly stop or slow down so that the sheet of calenderable material becomes overexposed to infrared radiation, a fire detecting device detects and extinguishes the fire by turning off the infrared heating lamps and flooding the area around the lamps with a fire-extinguishing fluid.

Abstract: A press roll with adjustable flexion has a roll shell mounted to rotate around a fixed yoke and mounted with self-aligning bearings on a support cap in which the yoke is also supported on its own curved support. The press roll works in conjunction with a mating roll to form a press zone, near which there is a main hydraulic support that is positioned between the yoke and the shell and that transfers support forces from the yoke to the shell. The distance between the bearings of the shell is equal to that of the mating roll. The self-aligning bearing and the curved yoke support are mounted concentrically on a tubular collar of the support cap. There can also be supplemental supports outside the press zone for imposing additional flexion on the roll shell.