Abstract: A plastic web is made by an extrusion apparatus having a plastics screw press, a metering pump with a volume flow depending on the rotation speed, an output die and a rolling unit with calendaring rolls. The flow of a thermoplastic material is regulated with the metering pump. The melt web issuing from the output die is cooled and calibrated. The process uses a metering pump which has substantially linear volume flow/rotation speed characteristics in the regulated range of rotation speeds and together with the rolling unit is part of a common computerized control system. The peripheral speed of the calendaring rolls is controlled so that it is proportional to the rotation speed of the metering pump. The special proportionality factor for the speed ratio is set by a computer which controls the roll speed so that no undesirable thickness variations or other product defects occur.

Abstract: A pressure fixing roller has a hollow cylindrical member formed of a ceramic material, a shaft member of a metallic material extending through the portion of the hollow cylindrical member and provided with a predetermined clearance between it and the hollow cylindrical member, and end keep members fixedly provided on the shaft member to keep the opposite ends of the hollow cylindrical member urged inward. A pressure fixing device has such a pressure fixing roller.

Abstract: Roll-type presses or pressure developers include a pressure roll in which one of the load bearing and transmitting materials is a carbon fiber and epoxy composite. The pressure roll has an outer metal tubular sleeve which is filled or substantially filled with a composite material. In one form, an axially central loading shaft is employed and is bonded to the composite material. The material may be tapered from a central loading region on the shaft and outwardly toward the open ends of the sleeve. In another embodiment, the composite material itself forms the support shaft for the roll.

Abstract: A multihead incisor for incising at least two sides of lumber or timber and in one pass produces a higher incision density than can be achieved without two or more passes on existing single roll incisors. The incisor comprises at least two sets of incisor rolls, each set having two or more rolls spaced apart in one plane representing a side of a piece of lumber or timber moving in the one plane, a first incisor roll in each set having incising teeth positioned to make a pattern of incisions in the one plane, a second incisor roll in each set, downstream of the first incisor roll, positioned to make a second pattern of incisions over the first pattern of incisions in the one plane, and a system to synchronize rotation of the first and second incisor rolls in each set to ensure combination of the first and second patterns of incisions is to a predetermined final pattern of closely spaced apart incisions on at least two sides of a piece of lumber or timber.

Abstract: In a press for papermaking comprising in combination, a pair of elongated rollers arranged one to another to provide an adjustable elongated nip therebetween, each of the rollers comprising a substantially rigid elongated shaft and a substantially rigid elongated sleeve overlying and rotatably supported upon the elongated shaft, the respective shafts extending outboard of the respective sleeve to provide two pairs of parallel spaced shaft outboard portions, the improvement comprising, in the case of each roller, providing a circumferentially extending running fit between the outer surface of the shaft and the inner surface of the sleeve defining an elongated annular chamber extending lengthwise of the sleeve. Other embodiments are disclosed which include the shaft being tubular and pressurized, lubricant in the annular chamber and a cable system for urging the rollers together. A splashguard is also provided for preventing water on the surface of the rollers from rewetting the paper.

Abstract: An elastic rotatable member includes a base member, an elastic layer on the base member, the elastic layer defining a plurality of opening extending in a longitudinal direction of the elastic rotatable member, wherein the openings are arranged such that any radial line in a cross-section of the elastic rotatable member in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, crosses at least two of such openings.

Abstract: In a rice pressing apparatus having mating rollers mounted in parallel at a specific gap, each roller comprising a slightly tapered metal hub of aluminum or an aluminum-zinc alloy, a removable rubber sleeve and retaining caps at each end to maintain proper alignment of parts. The hub includes external splines which dovetail with internal splines of the rubber sleeve.

Abstract: A pressure image forming apparatus in which a sheet S of photo-sensitive and pressure-sensitive material is exposed to an original image, a sheet C of image fixing material is overlaid on the sheet S, and the image on the sheet S is transferred by a pair of pressure rolls 304, 312. One of the rolls is a hard roll having a multiplicity of small projections on its surface which rupture microcapsules on the sheet S to effect the image transfer to sheet C.

Abstract: A pinch apparatus in which a pair of rolls, comprising rollers whose peripheral length decreases from the center portion in the axial direction towards each end disposed on the curved roller shaft rotatably, are arranged opposedly utilizing a flat part throughout the axial direction at an external periphery of the roller. The pinch apparatus feeds out a material being passed through in quantity corresponding to peripheral lengths in each part of the roller. The apparatus also includes an adjusting device which adjusts the shaft angle and roll ascending and descending portions.

Abstract: A three-roll press for a web including a pair of pressing rolls forming a nip and a pressure roll bearing on one of the pressing rolls in which the deflection curve of one of the pressing rolls is matched to that of the other pressing roll by the application of a biasing force to the one pressing roll urging its end toward the pressure roll by an amount which is proportional to the internal moment in the one pressing roll at locations corresponding to the edges of a web in the nip therebetween. A compensating spring is employed to urge the one pressing roll toward the pressure roll. The pressing roll may be a crowned roll or a skewed roll.

Abstract: For forming fibrous crop or like materials into self-supporting products, an apparatus comprising first and second compression members arranged so that opposed closing faces of the compression members co-operate to define the principal pressure-generating surfaces of a compression space for a charge of the material, protrusions extending from one or both of said opposed faces being effective to define walls of the compression space, and drive means operative to reduce the distance between the opposed faces of the two compression members until there is minimal separation of the two members in the vicinity of the leading edges of the protrusions.

Abstract: A roll arrangement for calendars or super-calendars is provided by the combination of two rolls which together form a press nip wherein one of the rolls is solely deflection-controllable and the other roll is solely temperature-controllable zone by zone. The temperature-controllable roll has a tubular rotatable roll shell and a stationary core extending through the roll shell. The space between the roll shell and the core is divided by means of several peripheral seals into numerous annular chambers. A flow of fluid is guided through each of the annular chambers. The fluid temperature in each annular chamber is independently controllable. Consequently the temperature-controlled roll shell can be heated by the fluid to different degrees along the axis thereof to control its external diameter along each zone. The peripheral seals are sized to have free play in a direction transverse to the roll axis and are constructed as endless, metallic rings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining substantially uniform profiles of the roll mantles of an adjustable-crown roll and a counter-roll at a nip formed therebetween wherein the bearing distance of the counter-roll is substantially larger than the bearing distance of the adjustable-crown roll and wherein the nip is loaded by load forces applied to one or both rolls, preferably at regions of the bearings. A compensation moment is produced by devices situated within the mantle of the adjustable-crown roll between the bearings thereof loading both end regions of the roll mantle, the magnitude of the moment adjustable by adjusting the moment-producing compensation force such that the profiles of the deflected roll mantles of the adjustable-crown roll and the counter-roll at the nip are substantially uniform.

Abstract: A calendering apparatus is disclosed which includes means for replacing a desired take-up roller from a take-up roller train. Displaceable, bifurcated carrier means are disposed on the embossing means forming part of the calender apparatus, which carriers can accommodate individual take-up rollers. The rollers are then moved out of the train by such carriers. The embossing means are also displaceable into a position in a lifting mechanism which can be used to collect the roller from the carrier.

Abstract: A method for agglomerating and dewatering elastomeric material having a relatively high water content wherein the elastomeric material is fed to a pair of counterrotating pressing rolls with a tight nip opening. The elastomeric material is drawn through the nip opening and compacted and dewatered therein. The method of the present invention produces at least a doubling of the particle size of the feed material and a reduction in the water content of the feed material in the range of 30 to 80%.

Abstract: Roll-type pressure-treating apparatus, for subjecting sheet or web material to a uniformly high and uniform pressure across a nip, includes a pair of annular pressure rolls mounted in nip-defining relation to each other. Each of the pressure rolls has received internally thereto a crowned loading roll. The crowned loading rolls have ends which are received in journal blocks through which the pressure rolls are loaded, by compression springs. The crowned loading rolls apply a loading force to the respective inside surfaces of the pressure rolls in immediate adjacent relation to the opposite sides of the nip formed therebetween.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the continuous stretching of a plastics material film, of the type where the film is run off in engagement with two successive rollers which are driven at different tangential speeds, the second roller having a tangential speed which is greater than that of the first roller. The film is run off in engagement with at least a third roller, arranged downstream of the second roller and driven at a tangential speed which is greater than that of the second roller, and it is possible to select as required those of the three rollers in engagement with the film.

Abstract: A veneer processing apparatus squeezes water out of a crude veneer when the veneer is inserted into the apparatus in such an orientation that fibers thereof extending substantially parallel to an intended direction of veneer insertion, and forms short splits in the veneer when the veneer is oriented such that the fibers extend substantially perpendicular to that direction. A pair of rolls each being provided with teeth thereon are so located as to cause their teeth to become aligned with each other at a predetermined position for veneer insertion. Each teeth is indented to have alternating projections and recesses. In the position for veneer insertion, the projections of the teeth on one roll are substantially interlocked with the recesses of the teeth on the other roll or are spaced from the projections of the teeth on the latter roll by an amount which is smaller than the thickness of the veneer. The recesses are filled with sponge or like elastic material.

Abstract: Mechanism for effecting pressure engagement between two roll fuser members used for fusing toner images to copy substrates. The mechanism is characterized by simplicity of design and serviceability. To this end, one of two roll fuser members is supported on bearing surfaces such that it is lifted or raised upwardly through engagement with the other fuser member as it is moved upwardly. Upward movement of the last mentioned roll is effected by pair of lever arms which serve as the support for that roll. Each lever arm is operatively attached to an overcenter toggle structure which is actuatable either by rotary or linear motion of an actuator mechanism.An adjustment device is provided for varying the load applied to the rolls.

Abstract: An apparatus for dehydrating a crude veneer includes a pair of spaced parallel rolls each being provided with teeth on the periphery thereof which become sequentially aligned with those of the other roll as the rolls are rotated in opposite directions to each other. A veneer is passed through the gap between the rolls to efficiently squeeze out water while being subjected to a minimum of plastic deformation. This is accomplished by optimumly selecting the distance between the tips of the teeth on the two rolls as well as the distance between the peripheries of the rolls except for the teeth. The periphery of each roll is covered with an elastic material such as sponge in order to prevent water once pressed out from the veneer by the teeth from permeating into the veneer again.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a modifying ingredient to a mass of open-celled polyurethane foam includes the application of an excess of a liquid solution or dispersion of the modifying ingredient to the mass of foam. A fixed frame mounts a plurality of spaced, generally parallel lower backing rollers. A movable frame is mounted above the fixed frame and carries a plurality of spaced, generally parallel pressure rollers for movement toward and away from the backing rollers. A first adjustment device is provided for lowering the movable frame to move the pressure rollers toward the backing rollers, with the mass sandwiched therebetween. A plurality of second adjustment devices are spaced at locations about the rollers for adjusting the pressure between the backing rollers and the pressure rollers uniformly along the rollers both in a direction transversely to and in the direction of movement of the mass through the rollers.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for compressing moisture containing material including a pair of opposed rolls for receiving and advancing the material therebetween to apply rolling load thereto to compress the material and remove at least a portion of said moisture therefrom, and differential means for causing one of said rolls to rotate at a lower speed than the rolling speed of the other of the rolls, the differential rolling speeds developing friction between the rolls causing the rolls to be heated and apply heat to said material to further remove moisture therefrom, to cause the compressed material to adhere to the one roll and to cause the removed moisture to adhere to the other roll, also alone and in combination, apparatus and process of decomposing organic material such as an animal biomass by the action of aerobic microorganisms in the presence of oxygen, including introducing the organic material into a container having an end adapted to receive the organic material and an output end adapted to discharge th

Abstract: A tandem calender is provided at the output end of a paper machine which includes two single stack nips in-line. The first nip is formed by a pair of steel rolls which are lightly loaded and the second nip is formed by a steel roll and a plastic covered roll which is loaded 2-10 times greater than the first nip.

Abstract: A branch compactor for compacting branches, brush, small trees, and the like into a continuous bundle for compact disposal or input into a chipper device. The compactor includes a receiving bin and a coupled compactor mechanism, the bin has a bed conveyor for advancing loose branch material received in the bin toward the compactor mechanism. The compactor mechanism includes a pair of vertical entry rolls and a pair of horizontal secondary rolls arranged behind the entry rolls to define a constricted opening through which the branch material is drawn by projecting vanes on the contrarotated rolls.

Abstract: A lateral end upright for the feeding roll pair in chocolate refining machines is formed by two half-uprights in mutual abutment relationship and individually mounted to one of the feeding rolls. The abutment sides of the half-uprights have a thickness dimension which is selected to ensure continuity thereof even with the feeding roll axles tilted to their full oscillated positions. A flexible insert may be interposed to the upright halves.Offsetting play due to wear can be taken up, as can differences in the working lengths of the feeding rolls.

Abstract: A system for controlling the pressure applied on the roll bearings of chocolate refining machines comprises, in addition to a linked multi-pressure control circuit, an additional circuit for applying linked single-pressure control, a selector valve enabling switching of one or the other of the operating modes.The dual-function system imparts refining machines with universal operation capabilities.

Abstract: Apparatus for laminating articles such as cards, ID-cards and the like, with the aid of films, consisting of plastic foil that can be activated by heat, comprising two heated pressing rollers that can be driven, which are included in frames that are composed of side plates and through which the films and the article to be laminated that is placed therebetween are passed, wherein the frame, composed of side plates, for the one pressing roller is arranged fixedly whereas the other frame, composed of side plates, for the other pressing roller can rotate about a pivot located at a distance from the pressing roller. Furthermore the apparatus is provided with a device for lifting the films from the pressing rollers, whereas the pressing rollers are heated interiorly and exteriorly, or only exteriorly.

Abstract: An apparatus for pressure-treating meat, in particular uncooked ham before pickling brine is introduced, is provided with two opposed, rotating pressure rollers supported in a housing, which are provided on their jacket face with protrusions, teeth or studs or ribs extending along or obliquely with respect to the jacket lines. The grooves located between the studs are embodied in gabled fashion, as seen in cross section, on at least one of the pressure rollers. The circumferential circle through the tips of the gables of the grooves may be smaller by 0.5-5 mm, and preferably 1-2 mm, than the circumferential circle around the studs.

Abstract: A device for applying seal tape to sheet-like material, wherein an adhesive tape is fed together with a portion of the material in a feed direction and pressed between a pair of opposed rollers, comprising: a machine body; a fixed arm projecting substantially horizontally from the machine body; a common roller freely rotatably mounted at the distal end of the fixed arm, an operating position for other rollers being defined by operative engagement with the common roller, the material and the tape being pressed between rollers in the operating position; a first movable arm extending generally across the feed direction with a first positionable roller at the distal end thereof, the first movable arm being pivotally mounted for movement of the first roller between the operating position and a first stand-by position; a second movable arm arranged generally along the feed direction with a second positionable roller at the distal end thereof, the second movable arm being pivotally mounted on the machine body for mo

Abstract: A method for laminating a composite assembly having outer films of plastic to provide such a composite assembly without appreciable transverse curl. The method includes the steps of preparing two oppositely facing outer films which may be of bi-axially oriented plastic. Each film may have an outer layer of a tough abrasion resistant material and an inner layer of thermoplastic bonding resin. In one embodiment, a portion of the inner layer of thermoplastic bonding resin may be coated with a strip of electrically conductive material. The inner layers of thermoplastic bonding resins are heated and the films are brought together in a common plane. In one embodiment, a central core is inserted between the converging films at spaced intervals. The outer films and the central core are laminated by passing them between first and second pairs of pressure rolls. The first and second pairs of pressure rolls are tilted at equal and opposite angles to the plane of the films.

Abstract: A urethane covered metal press roll is provided by spray coating the roll body with a quick jelling resin formulation creating isolated small pores giving the cover a stone-like texture. The coating is applied to a desired depth by successive passes of a spray jet over the rotating roll body. The resin quickly jells and after being cured, the cover is ground to a desired diameter and finish.

Abstract: An improved roller for sugar cane squeezing mills, comprising a roller shaft, a mounting sleeve tightly fit over the roller shaft, a plurality of roller shell segments detachably mounted onto the peripheral surface of the mounting sleeve. The mounting sleeve is provided with a plurality of longitudinal slots equally spaced around the peripheral surface thereof. Each roller shell segment has a plurality of peripheral grooves and ridges on the outer side and a longitudinal key on the inner side to fit one of the longitudinal slots of the mounting sleeve. In a preferred embodiment a space is provided between each longitudinal slot of the mounting sleeve and each longitudinal key of the roller shell segment so as to form a passage, and juice collecting ports are provided in each groove of the roller shell segments to communicate with the aforesaid passage.

Abstract: As a preparatory step to rigid substrate application, indefinite length strips of wood veneer are tenderized by cross-grain stressing through a roll nip wherein the surface of a steel roll is corrugated with circumferentially extending flutes bearing against the veneer strip and backed by a medium hard rubber roll. Such treatment fractures the natural, transverse or cross-grain fiber in the veneer along longitudinal strip increments of the veneer surface.

Abstract: A container disposal apparatus raises containers to an elevated position from which they traverse a downwardly inclined chute. Rotatable interrupter plates associated with the chute intermittently align apertures of limited extent with the chute so as to pass along the chute containers arriving at the interrupter plates when the apertures are aligned with the chute and to clear them from the chute otherwise. Containers successfully traversing two successive interrupter plates trigger prize-dispensing mechanism.

Abstract: A supercalender at the output of a paper machine includes two pairs of zone-wise deflection-controlled rollers. Each pair has a hard surface roller and a soft roller with an elastic outer layer or covering having a minimum hardness of 85.degree. Shore D. The hard rollers are disposed on one side and the soft rollers on the other side of the travel path of the paper.

Abstract: Apparatus for expelling air from pockets between superimposed sheets of successive stacks has a brush or roller which can be lowered onto the topmost sheet of a stack while the leader of the stack is pulled along a stationary support by a tongs. The brush or roller urges successive increments of the lowermost sheet of the moving stack against a stationary or rotary anvil whereby the pockets of air are eliminated in automatic response to forward movement of the stack with the tongs. Expulsion of air from the stacks enhances their shape-retaining ability during transport toward the next processing station or stations as well as at such stations. The brush or roller is mounted on pivotable arms which can be rocked back and forth by one or more levers which are pivotable by a cam and follower assembly receiving motion from the main prime mover of the machine or production line wherein the stacks are formed and/or processed.

Abstract: A method and a machine for the production from relatively thick flat pieces of frozen meat, for example roast beef, of thin slices suitable for roasting or grilling. The method is characterized by the fact that the flat meat pieces, before thawing above the freezing point taking place, are passed through a channel-shaped space of flat rectangular cross-section and of decreasing height in the direction of conveyance, which space is formed between two opposite endless conveying belts running in the same direction and in which the meat pieces are mangled and rolled to a desired final slice thickness substantially without loss of meat juice and blood.

Abstract: A mechanism for a press section of a papermaking machine including a press having first and second press rolls forming a pressure loaded press nip therebetween with a support frame and end bearings for the first roll with a support carrying the end bearings on the frame including first and second layers of deformable elastic material with a plate connected to the bearing between the layers of material and plates on the outer surfaces of the layers connected to the frame so that vibrational forces normal to the direction of movement of the web through the nip are passed through the layers of elastic material.

Abstract: A drive device for relatively moving a fixing roller and a pressing roller of a copier employs a one-way clutch to brake the rotation of a cam shaft in moving the pressing roller from the fixing roller so as to avoid abrupt rotation of the cam shaft and the attendant noise and possible damage.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for delivering twine to a baler knotter. The baler (10) which performs the method includes a bale chamber (16) having a forward inlet end. A knotter (64) is disposed to one side of the bale chamber and the baler is of the type having feeding means including a pair of rollers (36) which are moved back and forth across the inlet end of the bale chamber. A portion (90) of the twine is supported on the lower feed roller as the rollers are moved back and forth across the inlet end of the bale chamber. A pickup needle (110 or 302) is associated with the knotter, and at the initiation of the tying cycle moves from an at rest position towards the lower roller to pick up the twine and then to a position above the twine disks (140) of the knotter to deliver the twine to the knotter and then returns to its at rest position. The twine is tensioned by a twine drag (144) and a pigtail type tensioning mechanism (146) both during the formation of a bale and during tying.

Abstract: A can sorting, counting and flattening machine flattens empty cans by folding the can body over the back side of the ring or top end of the can so that both the brand name of the can on the can body and all identifying indicia on the ring end of the can are easily readable after the can has been completely flattened in a one step operation by a single machine operator. The machine employs a series of resettable counters which automatically count the total number of each brand of cans, the total number of cans returned per individual customer and the total number of cans reprocessed by the machine in a given time period.

Abstract: A fixing device for use in an image formation apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying apparatus or recording apparatus, and more particularly a fixing device in which a sheet such as paper having a toner image on the surface thereof is passed between a pair of rotatable members pressed against each other to thereby fix the toner image on the sheet. In the substance forming the surface of at least one of the pair of rotatable members, particles having a hardness higher than that of said substance are dispersed to enhance the fixativeness.

Abstract: A device for the pressure fixing of a toner image contains a pair of pressure fixing rolls arranged in parallel to each other. An image record carrier is fed in between said pressure fixing rolls which, for the pressure fixing of the toner image, are pressed against each other through a pressure bar by means of a plurality of pressure generators. Said pressure generators are positioned displaceably in the axial direction of said pressure fixing rolls to adjust a load distribution depending upon the width of said record carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two roll press having press rolls positioned side-by-side, the axes of which are mounted in bearing housings guided between parallel horizontal guiding surfaces in lateral frame members of the press frame, said guiding surfaces extending each to the ends of said frame members, and connecting frame heads provided in the area of the ends of said frame members, said connecting frame heads forming the abutments for the bearing housings and being detachably connected to said frame members, and being provided with means which enable them to be brought into a horizontal position in such way that one of the surfaces being in vertical position serves as guiding surface in vertical and lateral alignment with the guiding surface of the lower frame member.

Abstract: A mill roll includes a roll body, a plurality of circumferentially extending grooves formed in the periphery of the roll body, a plurality of channels extending axially through the roll body at positions inwardly of the grooves, a plurality of inserts fitted within the roll body at the radial bottoms of the grooves, and each insert having extending substantially radially therethrough an opening connecting the respective groove with a respective channel. Each opening has an elongated, substantially rectangular circumferential cross-section with a longer dimension extending substantially circumferentially of the roll body and a narrower dimension extending axially of the roll body.

Abstract: A pair of laminating rolls are respectively connected to a first and a second actuating arm themselves pivotally mounted to a slotted actuating link. The link is itself pivotally mounted to a single actuator. The link is arranged such that opening and closing forces are simultaneously applied to the arms to open and close the laminating rolls.

Abstract: A fold roller is disclosed for use in paper folding machines, to rip sheets of paper advanced for folding which roller includes a metal core with a resilient sleeve bonded thereto, the surface of the sleeve having ribs with flat faces separated by helical grooves thereon from one end to the other, providing for paper folding with reduced side slip and expelling debris picked up from the surface of the sheets of paper while maintaining constant grip.

Abstract: Fusing apparatus for fixing toner material to a copy sheet. The apparatus comprises a pair of parallel, cold pressure fixing rollers, each of said rollers including a cylindrical metal tube open at both ends thereof, a cured elastomer occupying the volume enclosed by and bonded to said cylindrical tube, and a shaft extending through and bonded to said elastomer. The shaft is concentric with the tube. The apparatus also comprises means for applying a force to one of the two roller shafts to thereby apply a uniform pressure to the nip of the cold pressure fixing rollers.

Abstract: An apparatus for fixing powder images to a receptor to provide low gloss copies is provided. The apparatus comprises first and second contacting pressure members that have skewed longitudinal axes with respect to each other. The first pressure member contacts the imaged surface of a receptor and comprises an irregular, non-compliant surface comprising a plurality of randomly sized domed projections. The second pressure member contacts the unimaged surface of a receptor and comprises a compliant surface.

Abstract: A pressure roller and apparatus for pressure fixing imaging powder in an electrostatic duplicating machine, the apparatus comprising a pair of fixing rollers in pressure contact along a narrow band to define a nip. The fixing rollers are hollow cylindrical rollers with parallel longitudinal axes and are rotatably supported by pressure transfer rollers inside each fixing roller. The pressure transfer rollers in each fixing roller are rotatably supported by a shaft and housing. Pressure supplied by loading means at the ends of the shafts to pressure fix imaging powder to a substrate transported through the nip is distributed uniformly along the nip by the pressure transfer rollers without causing bending moments on the fixing rollers.