Abstract: Alloys of tricalcium phosphate and metal oxide such as TiO2 and SiO2 (ACP) are disclosed as well as method for making these alloys. Method for making these alloys include the steps of milling amorphous tricalcium phosphate and at least one metal oxide together in, for example, a ball mill operated under ambient conditions. Various aspects also relate to treating disease or damage to tissues such as enamel, dentine or bone by contacting tissue with these alloys. As well as formulations for oral care such as tooth pastes, mouth washes, tooth whiteners, and like that comprise ACP. Still another aspect is amorphous tricalcium phosphates that have antimicrobial activity. Various aspects disclosure methods for manufacturing these materials and for using them in various formulations and preparations such as dentifrices, mouth washes and rinses, teeth whiteners, gels, drenches, ointments, slaves, pastes, soaks, sprays, glues, cements, foodstuffs, and the like.

Abstract: An injectable heat generating biocompatible ceramic compositions based on hydraulic calcium aluminate, which can be used for therapeutic treatment in vivo, such as tumour treatment, pain control, vascular treatment, drug activation etc, when curing in situ, and which form a biocompatible solid material that can be left in the body for prolonged periods of time without causing negative health effects, and can also be used to restore the mechanical properties of the skeleton after cancerous diseases as well as in a medical implant, an orthopaedic implant, and a dental implant as a dental filling material.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antibacterial gypsum composition for dental surgery, which eliminates pathogens transferred from the mouth of a patient, so that a dentist or others participating in dental surgery can be prevented from being infected by such pathogens during the work for dental surgery. The antibacterial gypsum composition for dental surgery comprises ?-plaster for a dental model and an organic nitrogen-based compound, polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate, as an antibacterial agent.

Abstract: Methods of cementing in well bores using cement compositions having elasticity or high compressive strength and low permeability are provided. The cement compositions basically include particulate acid-degradable glass, water, at least one water-soluble polymerizable alkenoic acid monomer, and a water-soluble free-radical initiator.

Abstract: A calcium phosphate cement suitable for use in dental and bone prosthesis is disclosed, which include calcium phosphate particles having a diameter of 0.05 to 100 microns, wherein said calcium phosphate particles on their surfaces have whiskers or fine crystals having a width ranging from 1 to 100 nm and a length ranging from 1 to 1000 nm.

Abstract: A temporary cosmetic dental coating has a transparent resin matrix containing embedded glass microspheres. The refractive index of the microspheres is at least 0.03 greater than the refractive index of the transparent resin matrix. Incoming light is reflected back in the same direction as it was emanated, providing a lustrous dental coating that is cosmetically appealing and covers dental defects and discoloration. The transparent resin matrix with glass microspheres is formed by mixing together a methacrylate based liquid monomer of methyl methacrylate or BIS-GMA and glass microspheres coated with activators/catalysts. The user applies the mixed composition to the teeth to form a temporary cosmetic dental coating, which is readily removed using a dental pick. A lac resin dissolved in ethyl alcohol is optionally mixed with glass microspheres and applied to teeth surfaces. The coating is hardened by alcohol evaporation and removed by alcohol dissolution.

Abstract: A dental filling material comprising a thermoplastic polymer. The thermoplastic polymer may be biodegradable. A bioactive substance may also be included in the filling material. The thermoplastic polymer acts as a matrix for the bioactive substance. The composition may include other polymeric resins, fillers, plasticizers and other additives typically used in dental materials. The filling material is used for the filing of root canals.

Abstract: The invention proposes to produce a mixture that is shrink-resistant, or has a freely selectable degree of shrinkage, and can be used as a molding compound, and a method for producing a corresponding oxide-ceramic sintered body. The molding compound comprises an intermetallic compound and a wax. In the method for producing an oxide-ceramic sintered body, a green body is molded from a molding compound of this type, dewaxed and sintered in an oxidizing atmosphere to form a ceramic sintered body. The molding compound is suited for producing dentures and dental fillings.

Abstract: An dental filling material comprising a thermoplastic polymer. The thermoplastic polymer may be biodegradable. A bioactive substance may also be included in the filling material. The thermoplastic polymer acts as a matrix for the bioactive substance. The composition may include other polymeric resins, fillers, plasticizers and other additives typically used in dental materials. The filling material is used for the filing of root canals.

Abstract: A tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) particle for use in preparing a fast-setting, bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement is disclosed. The TTCP particle has a basic calcium phosphate whiskers on a surface thereof; the basic calcium phosphate whiskers having a Ca/P molar ratio greater than 1.33, and having a length up to about 5000 nm and a width up to about 500 nm. The basic calcium phosphate whiskers are substantially free of a hydroxyapatite phase and mainly composed of TTCP phase.

Abstract: An endodontic filling material comprising a biodegrable thermoplastic polymer. A bioactive substance may also be included in the filling material. The thermoplastic polymer acts as a matrix for the bioactive substance. The composition may include other polymeric resins, fillers, plasticizers and other additives typically used in dental materials. The filling material is used for the filing of root canals.

Abstract: A fast-setting, bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement is prepared by a process which can be carried out with a heat treatment up to 1000° C. on a mixture of a wetting solution and a calcium phosphate powder having a Ca to P molar ratio of 0.5–2.5. The wetting solution suitable for use in the process of the present invention includes water, an organic solvent, an acidic and basic solution. A setting solution for mixing with the heated powder to form the fast-setting, bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement may be water, an acidic or basic solution according to the process of the present invention.

Abstract: A tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) particle for use in preparing a fast-setting, bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement is disclosed. The TTCP particle has a basic calcium phosphate whiskers on a surface thereof; the basic calcium phosphate whiskers having a Ca/P molar ratio greater than 1.33, and having a length up to about 5000 nm and a width up to about 500 nm. The basic calcium phosphate whiskers are substantially free of a hydroxyapatite phase and mainly composed of TTCP phase.

Abstract: Radio-opaque glass ceramics are described which have high chemical durability and adjustable translucency, brightness and coefficient of thermal expansion.

Abstract: A glass composition having the general empirical formula given below, expressed in weight percent of the element: P: 16–24, F: 5–30, O: 20–40 and at least one of Na, K, Li or Al in an amount up to a total of 40 wt. % and optionally, up to 5 wt. % of boron and/or silicon. The composition may be used for the treatment and/or prevention of dental caries by providing a slow fluoride releasing device that may be attached to a tooth to release fluoride into the saliva or an individual.

Abstract: A family of radiopaque glasses comprising silicon dioxide (15–30%), ytterbium oxide (5–35%), barium oxide (30–50%) and fluoride (5–20%), all by weight. The family of glasses all exhibit high radiopacity with refractive indices varying from 1.508–1.592 and translucency ranging from clear to moderately opaque. These glasses can be incorporated into dental composites to provide radiopaque dental restoratives with a desired translucence and appearance.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a leucite glass ceramic doped with nanoscale metal oxide, to a doped leucite glass ceramic powder suitable for its production, to a method for producing the doped leucite glass ceramic, to its use as dental material, to a dental product containing it and to the use of the nanoscale metal oxide powders for the production of the doped glass ceramic or of the doped leucite glass ceramic powder.

Abstract: A tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) particle for use in preparing a fast-setting, bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement is disclosed. The TTCP particle has a basic calcium phosphate whiskers on a surface thereof; the basic calcium phosphate whiskers having a Ca/P molar ratio greater than 1.33, and having a length up to about 5000 nm and a width up to about 500 nm. The basic calcium phosphate whiskers are substantially free of a hydroxyapatite phase and mainly composed of TTCP phase.

Abstract: Apatite glass ceramic which contains at least one glass phase and at least one apatite phase and is characterized in that at least one of the apatite phases is a phosphate- and fluorine-free siliceous oxyapatite phase.

Abstract: The present invention features ionomer compositions containing nanofillers. The compositions can be used in a variety of dental and orthodontic applications, for example, as adhesives, cements, restoratives, coatings and sealants.

Abstract: The rod-shaped apatite crystals of the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH)xFy have the following features a) the length-to-breadth ratio of the crystals is at least ?5 and b) x+y=1, where if x or y?0 the total amount of the crystals is present as a mixture of individual hydroxyapatite crystals and fluoroapatite crystals and/or as mixed crystals, such that, based on the total amount of the crystals, (1?x)·100% of the hydroxide ions present if y=0 are replaced by fluoride ions. The invention furthermore describes dispersions which contain such rod-shaped apatite crystals, and a process for the preparation of the dispersions or of the apatite crystals.

Abstract: Kit for the preparation of dental prostheses which contains (i) polymerizable matrix material, (ii) filler and (iii) at least one dye composition in physically separate form.

Abstract: The invention relates to copolymers, obtained by the copolymerisation of SiH-group-containing siloxanes with vinyl-group-containing compounds. The copolymers comprise at least two SiH groups. The SiH-groups-containing siloxanes and the vinyl-group-containing compounds are linked to one another via C—Si bonds.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cement, which comprises in its main phase of microcrystalline magnesium ammonium phosphate and nanoapatite after hardening and thus at the same time has considerable strength. The material is biologically degradable and is suitable for application in tooth cements, as bone replacement, as bone filler, as bone cement or as bone adhesive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymerizable dental material containing: (a) 3 to 80 wt. % of one or more cationically curable monomers; (b) 3 to 90 wt. % of one or more radio-opaque fillers; (c) 0.01 to 25 wt. % of initiators, retarders and/or accelerators, and; (d) 0 to 25 wt. % of auxiliary agents, whereby the cited percentages each refer to the total weight of the material. Filler (b) is produced by means of a melting method and is selected so that it has a refractive index of nD=1.49–1.54, so that the viscosity of the polymerizable dental material, after a period of at least 9 months during which it was stored at a temperature ranging from 20 to 25° C., has a value of +/?50 % of the initial value measured 24 hours after the polymerizable dental material was produced, and so that the polymerizable dental material has a reactivity of the type that, once polymerization is initiated, the amount of the maximum heat flux generated by the dental material equals at least 0.

Abstract: A calcium phosphate cement suitable for use in dental and bone prosthesis is disclosed, which include calcium phosphate particles having a diameter of 0.05 to 100 microns, wherein said calcium phosphate particles on their surfaces have whiskers or fine crystals having a width ranging from 1 to 100 nm and a length ranging from 1 to 1000 nm.

Abstract: Acid-reactive dental fillers, and methods of making and using such fillers, are disclosed. The acid-reactive dental fillers include a trivalent metal, oxygen, fluorine, an alkaline earth metal, and, optionally, silicon. The acid-reactive dental fillers are preferably nanostructured, for example, in the form of nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dental paste, methods of making and using the dental paste, and compositions prepared therefrom. The dental paste includes (a) a filler including porous, non-pyrogenic silica having a silane treated surface and being substantially free of heavy metals and (b) a filler including non-agregated primary silica particles, with the fillers being dispersed in a hardenable resin. Fillers including porous, non-pyrogenic silica, and methods of making and using the fillers, are also provided.

Abstract: The dental filling material for a permanent dental filling contains up to 87 percent by weight of a mixture of bioactive glass particles capable of forming a hydroxylapatite layer and conventional non-bioactive dental glass particles surrounded or embedded in a matrix material. The glass particles have an average particle size (d50) less than 50 ?m. When the index of refraction of the glass particles at least approximately matches the index of refraction of the matrix material a particularly attractive appearance results when the resulting filling material is used to make a dental filling. When the bioactive glass particles contain fluoride, protection against further caries is provided. The invention also includes a method of making the dental filling material, the dental filling made with it and a binder for binding the dental filling to a tooth.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a glass-ceramic comprising a continuous glass phase and a crystal phase comprising tetragonal leucite, wherein the glass-ceramic has a crack-free glass phase and a crystal phase comprising leucite crystals distributed essentially homogeneously in the glass phase. The crystal phase has a particle size distribution made of from about 5% to about 70% of a first group of leucite crystals having particle sizes of <1 ?m and from about 30% to about 95% of a second group of leucite crystals having particle sizes of ?1 ?m. The proportion of Li2O in the glass-ceramic is preferably below 0.5% by weight. It is preferred that not only the glass phase but also the crystal phase is essentially free of cracks. The corresponding glass-ceramics are particularly suitable for use in the dental sector, in particular as facing ceramics.

Abstract: The present invention features ionomer compositions containing nanofillers that provide the composition with desirable aesthetic properties (e.g., optical translucency). The compositions can be used in a variety of dental and orthodontic applications, for example, as adhesives, cements, restoratives, coatings and sealants.

Abstract: Methods for reducing the number and/or size of gas bubbles in a material are disclosed. The disclosed methods involve subjecting materials to pressure for a period of time. The methods have been found to be useful in the preparation of dental composites and dental structures prepared from those composites. Materials produced using the disclosed methods can have enhanced structural and/or aesthetic features.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to magnesium phosphate ceramics and their methods of manufacture. The composition of the invention is produced by combining a mixture of a substantially dry powder component with a liquid component. The substantially dry powder component comprises a sparsely soluble oxide powder, an alkali metal phosphate powder, a sparsely soluble silicate powder, with the balance of the substantially dry powder component comprising at least one powder selected from the group consisting of bioactive powders, biocompatible powders, fluorescent powders, fluoride releasing powders, and radiopaque powders. The liquid component comprises a pH modifying agent, a monovalent alkali metal phosphate in aqueous solution, the balance of the liquid component being water. The use of calcined magnesium oxide as the oxide powder and hydroxylapatite as the bioactive powder produces a self-setting ceramic that is particularly suited for use in dental and orthopedic applications.

Abstract: A cement powder is disclosed that contains reactive tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles and other ingredients required to form a cementous material. Methods of making the reactive tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles, the cement powder, the cement paste, and cured cement are also provided, as are methods and articles for using the cement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bioactive rhenanite glass ceramic which is characterized by a high content of P2O5, CaO and Na2O and is particularly suitable as bone replacement material in dentistry.

Abstract: A fast-setting, bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement is prepared by a process which can be carried out with a heat treatment up to 1000° C. on a mixture of a wetting solution and a calcium phosphate powder having a Ca to P molar ratio of 0.5–2.5. The wetting solution suitable for use in the process of the present invention includes water, an organic solvent, an acidic and basic solution. A setting solution for mixing with the heated powder to form the fast-setting, bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement may be water, an acidic or basic solution according to the process of the present invention.

Abstract: Etching compositions, curable compositions, packaged products and methods of use for the treatment of bone substrate, i.e., teeth, are described. The etch solutions generally include an inorganic acid, an organic acid and either a solvent, a surfactant or mixtures thereof. The curable composites include reactive monomers and crosslinking agents that are effective to adhere to the surface of the treated substrate. The methods of the invention provide the ability to modify a bone or bone-like surface so that the curable composition, such as an adhesive resin, can be used in combination with a restorative material.

Abstract: A chemically bonded ceramic material based on calcium aluminate hydrate with additives of primarily calcium titanate, but also chemically similar compounds. The material is a biocompatible material for implants, particularly for orthopaedic and dental applications. The material possesses the properties required for an orthopaedic biocement. It cures through reaction with water and develops its strength within a short period of time, has good workability prior to curing, is shape stable, has a low heat generation during curing, and is friendly to adjacent tissues.

Abstract: The invention relates to uses of glasses and glass-ceramics in dental and orthodontic applications.

Abstract: A bone replacement material and therapy comprises the combination of calcium phosphate compounds and two or more soluble fillers in the form of fibers, mesh or other materials which have the dual functions of reinforcing an in vivo implant while dissolving at a programmed rate to form macropores capable of receiving natural bone ingrowth.

Abstract: A composite material is provided which, while having an unusually high filler content may be extruded from a dental syringe and remains easily adaptable in the dental cavity. When materials of the present invention are cured, dental restorations are provided which have unusually high surface hardness and yield strength, as well as a low volume shrinkage on curing. This is achieved by use of a mixture of filler particles with a specific size, size range, and size relationship. Such a combination of properties makes the material of the present invention particularly useful for restoring cavities in posterior teeth.

Abstract: The invention relates to uses of glasses and glass-ceramics in dental and orthodontic applications.

Abstract: Method for the production of a chemically bound ceramic material by means of reaction between a binding phase of one or more powdered binding agents and a liquid reacting with these binding agents, a quantity of powder containing said binding phase being suspended in said liquid so that all powder grains are brought into close contact with the liquid, whereupon the slurry thus obtained is drained so that the majority of surplus reacting liquid is removed, and is compacted during final draining, before the material is permitted to harden by reaction between said binding phase and the remaining liquid. One or more expansion-compensating additives, adapted to give the material dimensionally stable long-term properties, are mixed into said powder, prior to or in conjunction with its suspension in the liquid. The invention also relates to the product of the method.

Abstract: A measuring device for calculating sample volumes and changes in sample volumes is disclosed. The device includes a rotatable platform upon which the sample is placed and rotated in increments with an image of the sample being recorded at each rotational position to which the sample is rotated. The recorded images are digitized and outlined such that the outline can be divided into a plurality of parallel slices. The volume of each slice is calculated by calculating the volume of each portion of the slice represented by each image. The portions are then summed to provide the volume of each slice with the volume of each slice then being summed to provide the volume of the total sample. The device further includes a display apparatus to enable an operator to not only view before and after calculated volumes, but to be provided with a graphical display of the shape of the sample both before and after an event which changes the volume of the sample.

Abstract: A tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) particle for use in preparing a fast-setting, bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement is disclosed. The TTCP particle has a basic calcium phosphate whiskers or fine crystals on a surface thereof; the basic calcium phosphate whiskers or fine crystals having a Ca/P molar ratio greater than 1.33, and having a length up to about 5000 nm and a width up to about 500 nm.

Abstract: A bone replacement material and therapy comprises the combination of calcium phosphate compounds and two or more soluble fillers in the form of fibers, mesh or other materials which have the dual functions of reinforcing an in vivo implant while dissolving at a programmed rate to form macropores capable of receiving natural bone ingrowth.

Abstract: Dental material containing an amide of the general formula BXn in which B stands for a hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, which can contain one or more of the groups O, S, NH, CO—NH, O—CO—NH and/or NH—CO—NH, and which is substituted n times with the group X, X stands for the group which is bound via the nitrogen atom or via C-2 to the radical B, the bond site not connected to B carrying a radical R2, R1 being hydrogen, an alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical, two or more radicals X being able to share a radical R1 and R1 also being able to be a constituent of the radical B, R2 being hydrogen, an alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical, and n being a number from 2 to 5.

Abstract: Method of making abrasive compositions comprised of water-insoluble abrasive polishing agents suspended in an aqueous medium in combination, which avoids the need and associated cost of dry milling the abrasive particle content, and products thereof. In particular, the abrasive compositions made by the method contain appropriately sized abrasive particles provided without the need for drying or dry milling, while also providing an abrasive composition which is Theologically stable, settling-resistant, and re-agglomeration resistant, even during and after transport and/or storage before end-use, such as incorporation into dentifrice formulations or other oral cleaning compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions containing: (a) 14 to 55 wt.-% fillers, (b) 3 to 35 wt.-% of at least one mono- or polyethylenically unsaturated compound which is not a urethane (meth)acrylate, (c) 0.1 to 5 wt.-% of at least one initiator system which is capable of starting a radical reaction, (d) 1 to 40 wt.-% plasticizers, (e) 0 to 10 wt.-% auxiliaries such as dyes, pigments, stabilizers, solvents, rheological additives such as flow-improvers and/or retarders, and (f) 30 to 81.9 wt.-% of at least two urethane (meth)acrylates with different molecular weights, these being present in a molecular weight ratio of 1.5:1 to 50:1.

Abstract: Methods for synthesis of nanocyrstalline apatites are presented, as well as a series of specific reaction parameters that can be adjusted to tailor, in specific ways, properties in the recovered product. Particulate apatite compositions having aveage crystal size of less than 150 nm are provided. Products also can have a surface area of at least 40 m2/g and can be of high density. Hydroxyapatite material is investigated in particular detail. Compositions of the invention can be used as prosthetic implants and coatings for prosthetic implants.