Abstract: An aqueous composition for coloring cement based compositions comprising water, pigment, a suspension enhancing agent and latex polymer solids.

Abstract: By removing a fraction of fine particles having a particle size of less than 2 .mu.m from starting inorganic filler particles having a mean particle size of 10-50 .mu.m and adding thereto particles having a mean particle size of 0.1-2 .mu.m and a specific surface area of 3-10 m.sup.2 /g (BET), there is obtained a particulate inorganic filler having a mean particle size of 5-40 .mu.m. When a large amount of the inorganic filler is loaded in an epoxy resin composition, the composition maintains a low melt viscosity enough to mold and is effective for encapsulating a semiconductor device without causing die pad deformation and wire deformation. The encapsulated semiconductor device is highly reliable.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system of natural colors consisting of thousands of colored powders of mineral origin and of materials in or on which pigments have been applied and, afterwards, submitted to at least one thermal treatment and/or irradiation. These natural colors cover the totality of the visible spectrum and offer a great variety of tones, tints and reflections from white to black, including all the rainbow colors. The powders of this system are obtained by mechanical, chemical, thermal and/or physical processes and are used alone or in combination. They are particularly useful to color materials and, more especially those used in the construction and architectural fields.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system of natural colors consisting of thousands of colored powders of mineral origin and of materials in or on which pigments have been applied and, afterwards, submitted to at least one thermal treatment and/or irradiation. These natural colors cover the totality of the visible spectrum and offer a great variety of tones, tints and reflections from white to black, including all the rainbow colors. The powders of this system are obtained by a combination of two mechanical, chemical, thermal and/or physical processes and are used alone or in combination. They are particularly useful to color materials and, more especially those used in the construction and architectural fields.

Abstract: A process is provided for making K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 3Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4S0.sub.3 +xH.sub.2 O or Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 3Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4SO.sub.3 +xH.sub.2 O where x is a number from 4 to 12, which is used as a pigment. Sulfuric acid, one of a sulfate salt or a hydroxide of either potassium or sodium and one of a sulfate of aluminum or a hydroxide of aluminum are inputted into a crystallizer and reacted to form either Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 +24H.sub.2 O or Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 +24H.sub.2 O. A fluid flow containing either Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 +24H.sub.2 O or Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 +24H.sub.2 O is drawn off from the crystallizer and transferred into a pigment reactor where it is subjected to a temperature of about 200.degree. C. and a pressure ranging from 120 to 350 pounds per square inch so as to result in the production of either basic potassium aluminum sulfate K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 3Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4SO.sub.3 +xH.sub.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for coloring cement based compositions comprising water, pigment, a suspension enhancing agent and latex polymer solids.

Abstract: Transparent bismuth vanadate pigments and a process for their preparation. Coating bismuth vanadate pigment precursors prepared by known methods with coating compositions conventionally used for coating pigments prior to the customary calcination gives bismuth vanadate pigments of high transparency.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for coloring cement based compositions comprising water, pigment, a suspension enhancing agent and latex polymer solids.

Abstract: The specification discloses a method for treating a pigment presscake containing pigment and water to remove the water therefrom. The method is carried out by contacting the presscake with a flushing agent containing an uncatalyzed or acid catalyzed rosin ester and an ink oil to provide a mixture containing the pigment, the flushing agent and water which is then separated from the mixture by well known separation techniques such as decanting to provide a flushed pigment. The specification also discloses a flushing agent and an ink composition containing the uncatalyzed or acid catalyzed rosin ester.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of mixed crystals of 1,4-diketopyrrolo?3,4-c!pyrroles, consisting of 1 mol each of two different compounds of formula ##STR1## by heating a corresponding mixture in solid form to the temperature range from 220.degree. to 380.degree. C.A and B are, for example, each a group of formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, chloro, bromo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylamino, phenyl or --CN,G is --O--, --NR.sub.7 --, --N.dbd.N-- or --SO.sub.2 --,R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen, and R.sub.7 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.The mixed crystals and solid solutions obtained are excellently suited for pigmenting high molecular weight material.

Abstract: A color display screen having a coating which comprises at least a greend an/or a red phosphor as well as at least a pigment having the following composition:Ga.sub.a In.sub.b Zn.sub.c Al.sub.d O.sub.n S.sub.m Se.sub.o Te.sub.pwherein0.05<a<1.95 0.0.ltoreq.n<0.30.05<b<1.95 2.1<m.ltoreq.30.00.ltoreq.c<0.09 0.0.ltoreq.o<0.30.00.ltoreq.d<0.2 0.0.ltoreq.p<0.3and n+m+o+p=3 and a+b+2/3c+d=2, yields a high-contrast and low-reflection picture, because the pigmentation in accordance with the invention is self-luminescent and its solid-solution properties enable its absorption properties to be accurately adapted to the emission spectrum of the phosphor. The solid solutions having the composition Ga.sub.a In.sub.b Zn.sub.c Al.sub.d O.sub.n S.sub.m Se.sub.o Te.sub.p are characterized by steep absorption edges in the yellow-orange spectral range and by a high absorptivity. This permits thin pigment-containing layers and small quantities of pigment to be used.

Abstract: A .delta.-indanthrone blue pigment having an average primary particle diameter in the range of 0.5 .mu.m or less and having a chroma C* value of 20 or greater; a hue angle in the range of 274-283 when colorimetry is performed on a paint film made from a melamine alkyd paint in which the proportion of pigment in the solid portion is 9.6%; and containing .delta.-indanthrone blue pigment and titanium dioxide pigment in a ratio of 1 to 20 by weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for converting a crude pigment into pigmentary form which comprises kneading the crude pigment in the presence of a liquid carboxylic acid and optionally a salt.

Abstract: Colored pigments are provided from the green-yellow to red spectrum based on oxide-nitrides with two or three different cations Q, R and S in the crystal lattice, wherein the nitrogen to oxygen atomic ratio is determinative for the color. These pigments crystallise in the pyrochlore, spinel or elpasolite structure. Pigments in the perovskite are as provided with increased color brilliance. The color of the pigments can be adjusted in a wide range of the color spectrum during their preparation within a substance class with the cations Q, R and S and while retaining the crystal structure, by increasing or lowering the atomic ratio N to O in the oxide-nitride and bringing about the required charge balancing by replacing an equivalent quantity of the cation Q with the valency q by a cation R with the valency q+1.

Abstract: A lightweight aggregate and a process and apparatus by which FCC, petroleum equilibrium fluid-cracking catalyst, a by-product of the oil refinery industry, can be added to the feedstock materials fed into the feed end of a rotary lightweight aggregate kiln or blown into the discharge end of the same kiln by insufflation, or by a combination of both techniques, to form the lightweight aggregate utilizing the FCC as received without further processing.

Abstract: Unique colorant compositions, well suited for the pigmentation of a wide variety of coatings and substrates, e.g., cosmetics, plastics, paints and rubbers, comprise (1) at least one crystalline rare earth metal sulfide or sesquisulfide, for example cubic cerium sesquisulfide Ce.sub.2 S.sub.3, and (2) a dopant amount of at least one alkali metal, and wherein the at least one rare earth metal sulfide or sesquisulfide comprises whole (unground) monocrystalline grains thereof having a mean particle size of at most 1.5 .mu.m.

Abstract: A method for manufacture of a small dimension product using a dissolvable crystal. The crystal is coated with at least one layer of vacuum deposited material to form a coated crystal. The coated crystal is mixed with a liquid to dissolve the crystal and permit the layer of material to break into flakes. The flakes are separated from the liquid.

Abstract: Reaction spray process for preparing inclusion pigments by suspending the pigment to be encapsulated in an aqueous solution or suspension of a precursor of the inclusion material, spraying the suspension, with or without the addition of nitric acid and fuel, in a tubular reactor heated at from 850.degree. to 1100.degree. C., separating the inclusion pigment from the product stream and, if desired post-calcining the pigment at a temperature of at least 816.degree. C.

Abstract: Solid particle dispersions of compounds useful in imaging elements can be made with substantially improved stability to particle growth by dispersing the compound of interest in the presence of a relatively small amount of a second compound that is structurally similar to the compound of interest. This second compound is combined with the compound of interest prior to dispersing the compound of interest, i.e., prior to milling in the case of milled dispersions, and prior to precipitation in the case of pH or solvent precipitated dispersions. While being distinct, the second compound has a similar chemical structure to the main compound.

Abstract: Aqueous pigment slurries which contain up to 80% by weight of a finely divided pigment in dispersed form and from 0.1 to 5% by weight of dispersants which are obtainable by reacting(a) polyalkylenepolyamines, polyamidoamines, polyamidoamines grafted with ethyleneimine, polyetheramines and mixtures of the stated compounds and(b) monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, salts, esters, amides or nitriles of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, chlorocarboxylic acids and/or glycidyl compounds and, if required,(c) bifunctional or polyfunctional crosslinking agents which have a halohydrin, glycidyl, aziridine or isocyanate unit or a halogen atom as a functional group,to give water-soluble condensates which, in 20% strength by weight aqueous solution at 20.degree. C., have a viscosity of at least 100 mPa.s are prepared by milling or dispersing pigments in the presence of the dispersants and water and are used as additives to paper stock in the production of filler-containing paper.

Abstract: A process for improving the rheological properties of an aqueous suspension of a particulate inorganic material which comprises the steps of: (a) forming an aqueous suspension of the particulate inorganic material and an effective amount of an anionic polyelectrolyte dispersing agent; (b) diluting the suspension formed in step (a) with water while maintaining the particulate in the dispersed state of step (a) to give a solids concentration of not less than 20% by weight of the particulate inorganic material; and (c) reconcentrating the diluted suspension formed in step (b) to give a solids concentration of at least 50% by weight of the particulate inorganic material.

Abstract: A method for dispersing a pigment is disclosed, wherein the pigment is dispersed in a medium solution by using sintered zirconia beads having an average particle diameter of 40 to 192 .mu.m, a density of 5.9 g/cm.sup.3 or more, and a sphericity of 1.07 or smaller. The method is particularly useful for providing an excellent coating gloss when the medium solution is a binder for forming a paint or a coating composition or a binder for forming an ink composition.

Abstract: Unusually high loading levels of smectite minerals are found to provide excellent pigment spacing in aqueous-based coatings, as will enable desired improved hiding, thereby extending the pigment. The level of smectite used in accordance with the invention is sufficiently high that the high gelling efficiency smectites previously used as thixotropes would be inappropriate, and would yield viscosities so high as to render the aqueous coating composition lacking in desired flowability properties. Thus in accordance with the present invention, there is mixed with the aqueous carrier and pigment at least 0.5% by weight of the total composition, of a particulate water swellable smectite which has a gelling efficiency such as to display a 20 rpm Brookfield viscosity of less than 900 cps when subjected to the standard gelling test herein, with the amount of the smectite in the composition not exceeding that which would raise the viscosity of the composition above 110 Krebs Units (KU).

Abstract: A process for preparing a pigment based on bismuth vanadate by reacting an acidic solution of bismuth nitrate with a basic solution of ammonium metavanadate to form a precipitate in a very acidic reaction mixture with a pH value of between 1 and 2. The pH of the reaction mixture is brought to a value of about 7, and the temperature of the reaction mixture is established at 80.degree. C. or higher for a period of about 30 minutes. The reaction mixture is stirred for a period of time of at least one half hour until a pH of approximately 6.5 is reached, and then the precipitate is filtered from the reaction mixture. Finally, the precipitate is washed and dried to obtain a dried pigment.

Abstract: Oxonitrides with a perovskite of the general formula LnTaOn.sub.2, where Ln is a rare-earth element, and which exhibit an enhanced brightness, are produced by annealing a powder mixture consisting of a Ta (V) compound and a Ln compound in a reducing atmosphere that contains ammonia. Added to the powder mixture being annealed is a mineralizing agent from the series of alkali metal or alkaline earth halides, Na.sub.3 AlF.sub.6, Na.sub.2 SiF.sub.6, AlF.sub.3 or of the ammonia salts of carbonic acid or a mono- or dicarboxylic acid with 1 to 4 C atoms in a quantity of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, relative to 1 part by weight of the mixture of the Ta and Ln compounds. Such oxonitrides can be used as pigments that are yellow-orange to reddish brown in color.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of mixed crystals of 1,4-diketopyrrolo?3,4-c!pyrroles, consisting of 1 mol each of two different compounds of formula ##STR1## by heating a corresponding mixture in solid form to the temperature range from 220.degree. to 380.degree. C.A and B are, for example, each a group of formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, chloro, bromo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylamino, phenyl or --CN, G is --O--, --NR.sub.7 --, --N.dbd.N-- or --SO.sub.2 --, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen, and R.sub.7 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.The mixed crystals and solid solutions obtained are excellently suited for pigmenting high molecular weight material.

Abstract: Colored/pigmented substrates, for example plastics, paints, varnishes, ceramics, glazes, papers, inks, cosmetics, dyes, binders, coatings, rubbers, etc., include an effective coloration-imparting amount of at least one colorant terbium compound having the formula ATbO.sub.3 and/or ATbMO.sub.3, wherein A is at least one alkaline earth metal and M is cerium, zirconium, praseodymium, or combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a pigment set comprising a magenta pigment, a yellow pigment, and a cyan pigment wherein the normalized spectral transmission density distribution curve of the cyan pigment has a density between 0.66 and 0.94 at 600 nm and a density between 0.83 and 1.0 at 610 nm, and the magenta pigment has a density between 0.25 and 0.93 at 520 nm, a density between 0.9 and 1.0 at 540 nm, and a density between 0.9 and 1.0 at 560 nm. Such a pigment set enables an increase in the color gamut available for imaging.

Abstract: The invention provides a dye set comprising a magenta dye, a yellow dye, and a cyan dye wherein the normalized spectral transmission density distribution curve of the magenta dye has a density between 0.25 and 0.93 at 520 nm, a density between 0.9 and 1.0 at 540 nm, and a density between 0.9 and 1.0 at 560 nm and the yellow dye has a density between 0.9 and 1.0 at 450 nm and a density between 0.8 and 1.0 at 470 nm. Such a dye set enables an increase in the color gamut obtainable for imaging.

Abstract: The invention provides an ink jet pigment set comprising a magenta pigment, a yellow pigment, and a cyan pigment wherein the normalized spectral transmission density distribution curve of the cyan pigment has a density between 0.66 and 0.94 at 600 nm and a density between 0.83 and 1.0 at 610 nm. Such a pigment set enables an increase in the color gamut obtainable for ink jet imaging.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color concentrate comprising (a) at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a polymer of a diene, a rosin material, a coumarone-indene resin, a polymer of vinyl aromatic monomer having an M n of from about 500 to about 4000, a wax and a mixture of two or more thereof, (b) at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a copolymer of an olefin and an acrylate or a methacrylate, a polymer of a vinyl aromatic monomer having an M n of at least about 10,000 and a mixture thereof, and (c) at least one colorant.

Abstract: An article with a surface with a paint film adherent thereto having a liquid medium hardened into a solid to form said paint film and having first and second parallel surfaces with the first parallel surface being adhered to the surface of the article and the second surface exposed to be viewed by the human eye. A plurality of flakes are provided having first and second planar parallel surfaces lying in said paint film with the first and second planar parallel surfaces being parallel to the first and second parallel surfaces of the paint film. The flakes are characterized in that they have physical dimensions such that when the dimensions of the flakes are measured parallel to and perpendicular to the respective first and second planar parallel surfaces, an aspect ratio of at least two-to-one is provided.

Abstract: Thixotropic particle suspensions are prepared by controlling the quantity of dispersant composition used for particle coating to an amount which is less than that quantity that would provide a full coating of dispersant on all particles suspended.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to means and method for grinding waste asphalt shingles in combination with limestone ore to provide a very fine particulate substance that is suitable as an admix to raw materials used for asphalt shingle production. When grinding the asphalt shingles/limestone ore combination, it was found that the limestone scrubs the asphalt, including temperature softened asphalt, from the grinding mechanism and therefore prevents clogging of the asphalt/limestone ore grinding equipment. According to the teachings of the invention, the limestone and asphalt shingle constituents can be ground into fine homogeneous particulate powder that is free of agglomeration. A desired size reduction was achieved. Ninety-eight percent of the homogenous particulate powder passed through a thirty-five mesh screen.

Abstract: A process for making solid colored particles by preparing a reaction solution in water comprising formaldehyde, urea, a cyclic polyamine functional triazine compound, and acid. A dye can be incorporated into the reaction solution if a color other than white is desired. Particles are formed having an average particle size between 1 and 70 microns without the need to resort to crushing to break up agglomerates. Particles made by this process provide excellent color and are easily washable from a substrate when incorporated into a washable formulation.Additionally, it has been found that the incorporation of colored microcapsules of average size of 1-70 microns where the color is located primarily on or in the shell of the microcapsule also provides excellent washable compositions when incorporated into a washable formulation.

Abstract: A structure constructed to reduce the impact of visual imperfections having at least one visible surface which is covered by a first basecoat of an exterior water-based flat paint. The first basecoat is then covered by a layer of multicolor paint. Upon the incidence of the surface being visually marred, for example by graffiti, a second basecoat, similar in hue to the first basecoat, is applied over the portion of the surface that had been marred. A second layer of multicolor paint, similar in hue to the first layer of multicolor paint, is then applied over the second basecoat. The ability of the first basecoat to adhere to the structure may be enhanced by the addition of concrete glue to the flat paint. In addition the multicolor paint may be made reflective by the addition of glass beads or particles to both first and second layers of multicolor paint prior to its application.

Abstract: A laser beam absorbing resin composition is disclosed which includes 100 parts by weight of a resin, and 1-100 parts by weight of composite particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1-50 .mu.m and each including a particulate, laser beam absorbing inorganic substance, and a colorant physically bonded directly to the inorganic substance and capable of discoloring upon being heated at a temperature of 250.degree. C. or more, the weight ratio of the colorant to the inorganic substance being in the range of 1:99 to 50:50. By irradiating a shaped, hardened body of the above composition with a laser beam, the colorant is thermally decomposed, so that the color of the irradiated surface is changed and becomes discriminative from that of non-irradiated surface.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves useful as colorants contain one or more chromophores of the class of the mono- or polyazo dyes that are devoid of acidic groups.

Abstract: An improved method for producing tantalum (V) nitride by means of nitriding an oxidic tantalum (V) compound is described. The Ta.sub.3 N.sub.5 product obtained in accordance with this method may be used as a red coloring pigment, particularly for coloring plastics and varnishes. An improved color intensity can be achieved and/or the reaction time can be shortened using the process in accordance with the invention. The process includes nitriding tantalum (V) hydrated oxide with the composition of the formula Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5. aq with a hydrate content (i.e., aq content) in a range of 14 to 17% by weight. The nitridation preferably takes place in the presence of a fluxing agent such as ammonium carbonate or boric acid.

Abstract: Substrate-free electrically conductive pigment containing 90 to 98% by weight of tin oxide and 1 to 10% by weight of at least one doping substance consisting of an oxide of an element form main group III, IV or V of the Periodic Table with the exception of tin, which pigment is preparable by intimate mixing of tin dioxide with at least one doping substance, followed by calcining of the resulting mixture at 800.degree. to 1,000.degree. C. for 30 to 120 minutes.

Abstract: An improved form of calcium carbonate which is acid resistant to enable its use as a filler material in the making of neutral to weakly acid paper, and a process for producing this acid-resistant calcium carbonate is provided. This acid-resistant calcium carbonate comprises calcium carbonate in admixture with at least about 0.5 to about 10 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of a cationic salt, together with at least about 0.5 to about 10 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of an anionic salt.

Abstract: Fluoridated particulates, especially external face surface-fluoridated particulates of the rare earth metal sesquisulfide pigments/colorants, advantageously encapsulated within a coating layer of at least one transparent oxide or hydrate thereof, e.g., silica, have improved chromatic properties and are well suited for the coloration/pigmentation of a wide variety of materials and substrates, for example paints, plastics, resins, varnishes, rubbers, ceramics, glazes, papers, inks, leathers, cosmetics, dyes, coatings, etc.

Abstract: Holographic flake pigments, processes for making the pigments, decorative coatings comprising the pigments, and articles comprising the decorative coatings are disclosed. The pigment comprises particles that (1) comprise an organic polymer and further comprise one or more volume phase holograms; and (2) have a thickness of about 1 micrometer to about 100 micrometers, an average diameter of about 10 micrometers to about 300 micrometers, and a thickness to diameter ratio of about 1:2 to about 1:60.

Abstract: Inorganic oxide pigments (ceramics) are prepared by mixing the starting materials in the presence of water and in the presence or absence of assistants, drying and subsequent calcining in a rotary furnace by processing the starting materials in the presence of water into a pumpable suspension having particle sizes of 50%<10 .mu.m and 100%<50 .mu.m, dewatering the suspension by spray drying it to leave porous granules, and calcining those granules>97% from 20 to 800 .mu.m in size.

Abstract: A dispersion of a finely divided pigment in a composition of water, one or more water-compatible resins and, as dispersant, a polycyclic aromatic compound having a water-solubilising poly(C.sub.2-4 -alkyleneoxy) chain containing from 3 to 50 alkyleneoxy groups, characterised in that the dispersion contains from 3% to 30% by weight or resin with respect to the total weight of water and resin in the dispersion. The dispersion is suitable for the preparation of water-borne paint and inks.

Abstract: A method for making synthetic aggregate. Fly ash is combined with water to form a soil-like mixture. The mixture is then compacted into slabs and allowed to set. After setting, the material is crushed to appropriate size. Since fly ash and water mixtures set quickly, and since compaction should take place prior to setting of the mixture, a set sequestering admixture may be used to facilitate the process.

Abstract: An improved polyurethane-based water-in-water multicolor paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase which is characterized by disperse phase bodies of improved durability. The disperse phase preferably is comprised of a water dispersible, inert film-forming, crosslinkable polymer system; hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; alkali metal carboxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; quaternized water soluble cellulose ether; peptized clay; inorganic salt of heavy or trivalent metal; and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of such a crosslinkable polymer system, a peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: A water-based pigment dispersion excellent in gloss of a coating, tinting strength, fluidity and storage stability, comprising a pigment, a pigment dispersing agent of the formula (1) and a solid content, of a water-based resin which is obtained by copolymerizing an .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid (a), an .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated, nitrogen-containing monomer (b) and other .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c),P--[X--Y--Z--N(R.sup.1)R.sup.2 ].sub.n ( 1)wherein:P is an organic dyestuff residue or a heterocyclic ring residue,X is a divalent binding group consisting of 2 to 15 atoms selected from S, C, N, O and H atoms,Y is a direct bond, --N(R)-- in which R is H, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or Q--N(R.sup.3)R.sup.4 in which Q is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is independently an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the warpage-free pigmenting of macromolecular organic materials comprises using organic pigments which have been exposed to a low temperature plasma.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a composition comprising finely divided cationically charged particles of an inorganic material treated with at least one of anionic polysaccharide or anionically modified polysaccharide. The disclosed invention further relates to a method of providing paper of improved strength. The method entails providing finely divided particles of inorganic material, treating the particles with at least one of anionic polysaccharide or anionically modified polysaccharide, and adding the treated particles to cellulose fiber during an alkaline process for making paper. Also, an alkaline paper comprising the finely divided particles of inorganic material treated with at least one of anionic polysaccharide or anionically modified polysaccharide is disclosed.