Abstract: A method is described for reducing NOx emissions and improving energy efficiency during mineral processing in a rotary kiln. The method comprises injection of air with high velocity/high kinetic energy into the kiln to reduce or eliminate stratification of kiln gases. The method can be applied to mix gases in a rotary kiln vessel or in a preheater/precalciner vessel.

Abstract: Material to be treated such as garbage is charged into a first rotary kiln 14 to be mainly dehydrated and charged into a second rotary kiln 18 to be carbonized. The first rotary kiln 14 has a first nozzle pipe 11 therein for spouting a first high temperature gas and the second rotary kiln 18 has a second nozzle pipe 15 for spouting a second high temperature gas, mainly high temperature superheated steam with a temperature higher than a temperature of the first high temperature gas. The carbonized material is discharged outside after a temperature thereof is lowered to prevent spontaneous combustion in an atmosphere. Thereby, it is able to provide an apparatus for thermal treatment using superheated steam which can be built relatively small and by which treatment time can be shortened, and further, the final carbonized material can be used as charcoal.

Abstract: To create a calcinator for a cement clinker production line which is connected to the rotary tubular kiln in series and which is equipped with double firings, in which it is possible expediently to dispose of lumpy combustibles such as unchipped used tires and/or other lumpy secondary combustibles by pyrolysis or potentially by combustion for the purpose of the high-grade calcination of the cement raw meal, without the pyrolysis process interfering with the calcination process, while simultaneously ensuring an exhaust gas having low NOx emissions, it is inventively proposed to slide the lumpy fuel such as old tires onto a displacement mechanism such as a grate that is transversely disposed in an additional tertiary air channel in the area of the junction with the exhaust gas channel of the rotary kiln, the lumpy fuel being pyrolized or burned on this mechanism with the aid of a tertiary air substream whose volume can be regulated, and the residue of the pyrolysis or combustion being pushed from said displacem

Abstract: A method and apparatus for plasma waste disposal of hazardous waste material, where the hazardous material is volatilized under vacuum inside a containment chamber to produce a pre-processed gas as input to a plasma furnace including a plasma-forming region in which a plasma-forming magnetic field is produced. The pre-processed gas is passed at low pressure and without circumvention through the plasma-forming region and is directly energized to an inductively coupled plasma state such that hazardous waste reactants included in the pre-processed gas are completely dissociated in transit through the plasma-forming region. Preferably, the plasma-forming region is shaped as a vacuum annulus and is dimensioned such that there is no bypass by which hazardous waste reactants in the pre-processed gas can circumvent the plasma-forming region. The plasma furnace is powered by a high frequency power supply outputting power at a fundamental frequency.

Abstract: A calcining system is operated in a substoichiometric mode for reducing nitrogen oxide generation and removing sulfur from materials to be processed by creating an oxygen deficient atmosphere. The calcining system includes a rotary kiln rotating on a slightly inclined horizontal axis. The rotary kiln has a feed end introducing material to be processed and a discharge end. A preheating/precalcining device is positioned adjacent the feed end such that the material passes through the device prior to entering the rotary kiln. A stationary hood surrounds the discharge end. A burner is supported by the stationary hood. The burner introduces combustible fuel and combustion air into the rotary kiln through the discharge end and operates in a substoichiometric mode. At least one air nozzle is located along the length of the rotary kiln. The air nozzle injects combustion air into the rotary kiln.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to recover energy from waste by means of combustion of such waste in industrial furnaces, particularly of the rotary type, that has an external calciner, feeding such waste into the tertiary air duct of the calciner and burning the waste inside the duct itself, to efficiently make use of the energy produced by such combustion, as a contribution of the total cost of fuel necessary to operate the industrial furnace. The method and apparatus permit the elimination of hazardous wastes that are efficiently disassociated when burned sufficiently to produce effluents that are typically non-toxic, producing greatly reduced or even no atmospheric pollution nor environmental damage.

Abstract: A process for reclaiming salvaged asphalt includes feeding salvaged asphalt mixed with new sands, stones and tar in a designed proportion into a double-layer drying machine including inner and outer gyroscopic drums; indirectly heating the salvaged asphalt in the drying machine by using a plurality of burners disposed externally to dry the salvaged asphalt, the heat thus generated being recycled via a draft tube into the drying machine to further heat the salvaged asphalt until the tar in the mixture starts to soften at about 80° C.; and mixing the salvaged asphalt with tar to form rejuvenated asphalt product when they travel to the outer gyroscopic drum in which the temperature reaches and the temperature of the stones contained in the salvaged asphalt also reaches a temperature of 160° C. for fusion with the tar.

Abstract: A method of waste water treatment including mixing waste material with a binder, pelletizing the mixture and kiln incineration of the pellets to ceramify same, with processing of flue gases. In an embodiment, the pH of the mixture is maintained alkaline. In an embodiment, the pelletized mixture is coated with ball clay to 10-20% by weight, and then with china clay, prior to firing. The high temperature flue gases and entrained heavy metal or dust exhausting the kiln are directed through a multistage scrubbing system. In an embodiment, volatiles are adsorbed prior to the gas passing through an alkali wet scrubber to remove chlorine compounds and heavy metals, and sulphur compounds. The sludge from the acid scrubber is neutralized and further treated to remove mercury.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method are disclosed for generating energy from the essentially complete disassociation of organic matter in a plasma arc furnace operating under pyrolytic conditions. Energy is produced by the disassociation in the form of synthesis gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide that can be used to generate electricity, and heat energy from the process and from burning the synthesis gasses are also used to generate electricity. In addition, inorganic matter that is input to the furnace is rendered ecologically and biologically safe and is extracted from the furnace to be re-cycled into new uses such as insulation and road paving material. Organic matter, along with non-organic matter, is pre-processed and sized before being input to the plasma arc furnace. The pre-processed matter is fed into a molten silica bath in the furnace through hollow electrodes that are inserted into the silica bath to create the plasma arc.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for plasma waste disposal of hazardous waste material, where the hazardous material is volatilized under vacuum inside a containment chamber to produce a pre-processed gas as input to a plasma furnace including a plasma-forming region in which a plasma-forming magnetic field is produced. The pre-processed gas is passed at low pressure and without circumvention through the plasma-forming region and is directly energized to an inductively coupled plasma state such that hazardous waste reactants included in the pre-processed gas are completely dissociated in transit through the plasma-forming region. Preferably, the plasma-forming region is shaped as a vacuum annulus and is dimensioned such that there is no bypass by which hazardous waste reactants in the pre-processed gas can circumvent the plasma-forming region. The plasma furnace is powered by a high frequency power supply outputting power at a fundamental frequency.

Abstract: A method for reducing emissions of a kiln including a feed end, the method includes operating the kiln and spraying a slurry inside the kiln at least five feet from the feed end. Additionally, the kiln includes a substantially tubular body including a bore therethrough. The body has a clinker end, a heat portion, and a feed portion. The kiln further includes a plurality of chains mounted within the bore at the feed portion, a heat source in flow communication with the heat portion, and a spray nozzle mounted in the feed portion away from the feed end.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the combustion of fuel modules charged into a preheater or precalciner kiln above the transition shelf, typically into the riser duct, is described. The apparatus includes a sensor for providing signals indicative of the status in the region of combustion of the fuel modules, and a controller for a fuel module feed mechanism is provided to receive signals indicative of the status of the combustion region and adjust the rate of delivery of the fuel module into the combustion region responsive to the sensed conditions in the combustion region.

Abstract: A method of disposing of undesirable chemical compounds in waste dust generated in a first kiln in the manufacture of cement clinker by using the dust and slag as the feedstock material to a second kiln, heating the feedstock material in an oxidizing atmosphere, and raising the heat sufficient to diffuse the waste dust and the slag to form a hydraulic product such as cement clinker and lime but insufficient to volatilize previously precipitated chemical compounds in the feedstock material.

Abstract: In this process the material is passed through a precalcination device equipped with at least one fuel injector at the outlet of which a fuel injection zone is formed, then the at least partially calcined material is passed into the rotary kiln which at its downstream end, is equipped with a primary combustion unit. At least one oxygen rich fluid with an oxygen concentration by volume higher than that of the products of combustion from the rotary kiln is injected near to the injection zone so that the oxygen rich fluid can supply from 1% to 40%, and preferably form 1 to 10% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen needed for the combustion of the fuel injected by the injector.

Abstract: A large tumbling device into which broken pieces of labeled glass such as beverage bottles, or cullet, are fed. After entering the interior chamber of the tumbler, the cullet is carried by a plurality of interior fins along the inside circumference of the tumbler to a point where the glass falls back to the low point of the tumbler. During this fall, the cullet passes through a flame generated in the interior cavity of said tumbler. The glass is heated to a temperature well below 600 degrees Fahrenheit (the temperature at which the molecular structure of glass begins to change) therefore ensuring that the processed glass retains its original properties. This process is repeated numerous times, ensuring that all of the foreign material is removed, before the cullet passes through the entirety of the chamber and is cooled to be processed into the desired grades.

Abstract: A method of burning tires in a horizontally rotating combuster includes the steps of loading the tires into a rotating combustion chamber through a traveling air lock and burning them until they are reduced to ash; enhancing combustion by tumbling the burning tires in a tapered rotating chamber while adding preheated draft air; controlling the intake draft air using thermal expansion of the rotary combustion chamber to activate the draft control valve; advancing the residual ash with each successive revolution of the combustion chamber by use of angled flights on the inner surface of the chamber to an afterburner for completion of the combustion and disposal of the ash.

Abstract: A method for automatized combustion of solid fuel in a combustion apparatus which comprises a burner with a device, which is rotatable about the center axis of the burner for stirring the fuel in the burner which is connected to a boiler and has a feeding-in opening for fuel in the rear end of the burner outside of the boiler and an outlet opening for completely or partly combusted flue gases in the front end of the burner which opens in a combustion chamber inside the boiler which comprises a convection unit, from which a hot water conduit extends, the combustion apparatus also including a fan provided to be driven by a second motor for blowing combustion air into the burner, and a fuel charge feeder for fuel provided to be driven by a third motor.

Abstract: A waste incinerator which includes a housing formed by a heat insulating outer wall, air ducts; a decomposing chamber; a fire room; and a catalytic converter, all disposed in the housing. Waste is introduced into the fire room and incinerated there, and the remains are retrieved from the fire room in such a manner that the incoming materials such as air and waste on one hand the combustion gases and residue on the other hand form a counter flow heat exchange. Various embodiments are disclosed in which the fire wall is or not rotary.

Abstract: A kiln adapted to recycle kiln dust includes a recycle dust pipe in fluid communication with an oxidant stream to increase the concentration of oxygen in the fluidized recycle dust before the recycle dust stream is directed into the kiln flame. Increasing the oxygen concentration in the recycle dust stream improves the efficiency of the recycling process. A supplemental fuel stream may be introduced into the recycle dust stream to provide an additional flame to preheat the recycle dust stream before the recycle dust stream is directed into the kiln flame.

Abstract: A feed chute apparatus for injecting fuel into a rotating cement kiln by gravity. The apparatus, which is positioned adjacent to a cement kiln and supported at an angle of inclination sufficient to allow tires or other combustible materials to be gravity fed into the cement kiln, has a feed ramp for guiding the combustible material into the kiln. A gate having a pair of opposing posts is positioned at the end of the feed ramp to control the rate of feed of the combustible material. In the rest position, the posts are extended in relation to the feed ramp to prevent the flow of combustible material. When the kiln rotates to a position where the feed opening in the wall of the kiln is aligned with the feed ramp, the gate retracts to allow the combustible material to be gravity fed into the kiln.

Abstract: A tire conveyor and lift apparatus for conveying, lifting and orienting fuel tires for injection into a rotating cement kiln by force or by gravity. The apparatus brings tires from a tire source by a variable speed conveyor belt to a gate or alternatively vertical guiding rollers that regulate the flow of tires to the lift. Hooked lift arms engage the tire through the central hole and move vertically along a guide. The linear lift arms are mounted to an endless chain which is supported by upper and lower sprockets which are driven by a motor. The top of the guide is curved and has the curvature that approximates the circumference of the top sprocket. The tire is brought along the guide and released to output rollers connected to a feed chute which is aligned with a rotating kiln.

Abstract: A method for the incineration of a fluid or fluidizable material by use of a pulsed plasma is disclosed. The plasma is produced by a confined discharge in a closed chamber having an exit port and containing an ablating material. The method comprises the following steps: a) introducing the material into the chamber; and b) generating a plasma by ignition within the chamber thereby producing a flow of the plasma which incinerates the fluid material. Further described are a process for the detoxification of waste materials and a method for cracking a first compound in order to form a second compound using the method of the invention. A plasma incinerator is also described.

Abstract: Apparatus for the treatment of volatile material(s) in contaminated material(s) including a retort assembly which includes a rotatable retort disposed at least partially within a combustion chamber with a heater to indirectly heat the contents of the rotatable retort. A feeder feeds the contaminated material(s) to the retort. The apparatus further includes a pathway for passing contaminated material(s) to the retort and a conduit for passing the combustion gases from an afterburner to the retort assembly to provide additional heat for heating the contaminated material in the retort. The apparatus may also include a high temperature filter which can filter the volatiles before entering the afterburner.

Abstract: Emission of nitrogen oxides from a mineral-burning process, for example a cement-manufacturing process, is reduced by passing the exhaust gas from the rotary kiln in which the mineral raw materials are burnt to a combustion zone in which solid fuel elements, for example waste tyres, are maintained for a sufficient period and at a sufficient temperature for at least 30% by weight of the volatile combustible content of the solid fuel elements to be combusted, the combustion zone comprising at least one region in which the combustion of the solid fuel elements occurs under sub-stoichiometric conditions. The solid fuel elements may be introduced into the hot gas stream at at least one point between the mineral-inlet end of the rotary kiln and the lowermost cyclone of an associated preheater system, e.g. into the gas stream within a precalciner vessel or riser duct. Preferably, tertiary air from a clinker cooling apparatus is supplied downstream of the combustion zone (relative to the flow of kiln exhaust gas).

Abstract: A municipal or like refuse, from which large articles of metals have been removed, is mixed with an alkaline substance like limestone preferably in a triple screw mixer, and then advanced along the pyrolysis path in which the refuse mixture is subjected to heat from combustion gases from an incineration chamber therebelow. A portion of the pyrolyzed product is recycled to the upstream side of that path and the remainder of the pyrolyzed product is scrubbed with an aqueous medium, e.g. water and/or aqueous acetic acid and the washed pyrolyzed product is then incinerated to produce the combustion gas.

Abstract: A device for the combustion of solid fuel in the form of granules, pellets, chips or other fragmented or finely divided form, comprising a rotary reactor drum (1), which forms the main combustion chamber (13) and has a rear end wall (65) and at the opposite end an outlet (3) for combustion gases to a boiler part for heat transfer to water-cooled surfaces, for example, or other heat-absorbing means, an inlet (55) for combustion air to the main combustion chamber (13), means (40) for feeding fuel through the rear end wall (65) of the reactor drum and means for rotating the reactor drum around its center axis (2). Inside the main combustion chamber (13), in its rear part, is an inner, smaller drum (60), which is coaxial with the reactor drum (1) and has a perforated jacket. At least the bulk of the fuel is disposed to be fed into the inner, smaller drum (60) and from this to the surrounding main combustion chamber (13).

Abstract: A process for incinerating waste material to produce slag without the addition of fuel other than the waste material begins with carbonizing the waste material in a low temperature process in a generator to produce carbonized solid material with a high energy content and flammable gases which are extracted from the waste material. The carbonization and temperature in the generator are controlled by limiting the supply of air to the material in the generator, the temperature being less than 1000° C. The carbonized waste material and the carbonization gases are delivered together to a furnace which is supplied with excess air. The carbonized material and carbonization gases are incinerated at a high temperature, typically 1400° C., in the furnace, thereby substantially completely incinerating burnable products in the furnace and melting materials which will not burn. The result is a glassy slag which binds therein materials such as heavy metals which could otherwise be pollutants.

Abstract: A system for handling aqueous sludge to a combustor such that pollutant emissions associated with combustion operations, e.g., cement manufacturing, are reduced. Sludge is accumulated at a receiving site from where it is transported to a sludge conduit. The sludge is then introduced from the sludge conduit into a combustion apparatus at a point effective to reduce pollutant emissions produced by the combustion operation.

Abstract: A device for combustion of granular material, for example wood flour pellets, chippings and the like, comprises a rotary solid fuel burner (1), air intake to the bumer, at least one conduit (18) for the supply of fuel and outlet (3) for combustion gases to a boiler part for heat transfer to water-cooled surfaces, for example. The rotary solid fuel burner is formed as a vessel with a rear wall, said outlet (3) for combustion gases and a jacket part between the rear wall and the outlet. A fuel feed pipe (18), which forms part of a fuel feed conduit, extends through the rear end wall, and an air admission pipe (19) surrounds the central fuel feed pipe at a distance from this, so that a space (20) which is ring-shaped in section is formed between the central fuel feed pipe (18) and the air admission pipe (19).

Abstract: A rotary drum cooler having a shell for cooling particulate material (e.g. coke particles) wherein the volumetric capacity of the lifters within the shell which lift the material from the bottom of the shell to the exit thereof can be adjusted to thereby affect the exit parameters (e.g. temperature, particle size, etc.) of the cooled particulate material.

Abstract: A thermal decomposition apparatus for decomposing polymer waste is provided which is simple in structure, small in size and inexpensive, and also the operating cost thereof is low.A feed pipe 18 and an inclined pipe 23 are connected in the form of the letter V at a large angle therebetween, and a feed screw 19 and an feed-up screw 25 are arranged inside the respective pipes. Polymer waste introduced into a hopper 17 is melted in the interior of the feed pipe 18 by heat from a first hot air furnace 10 and accumulated in the V-shaped portion. The polymer melt is then conveyed upward by the feed-up screw 25. In the process of conveyance, the polymer melt undergoes primary decomposition by means of heat from a second hot air furnace 11 and the cracked gas thus generated undergoes secondary decomposition by the heat from a third hot air furnace 12, the resultant gas being guided to a condenser 7. Sludge drops down through a chute pipe 35 into a water tank 36.

Abstract: A method of disposing of undesirable chemical compounds in waste dust generated in a first kiln in the manufacture of cement clinker by using the dust and slag as the feedstock material to a second kiln, heating the feedstock material in an oxidizing atmosphere, and raising the heat sufficient to diffuse the waste dust and the slag to form a hydraulic product such as cement clinker and lime but insufficient to volatilize previously precipitated chemical compounds in the feedstock material.

Abstract: A combined spray and rotary drying apparatus includes a spray dryer having a housing defining a spray drying chamber, an annular inlet and an outlet. A burner and atomizer sprayer are provided in the spray drying chamber. The outlet of the spray drying chamber feeds into a rotary drying drum. A raw material feed chute is also provided for feeding raw material of relatively low moisture content directly to the rotary dryer. Methods of drying a raw material and of processing raw animal parts are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for high efficiency generation of electricity and low oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions are provided. The electricity is generated from combustion of hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion units using ultra lean fuel to air ratios in the range of 0.4-0.7 relative to stoichiometric operation in internal combustion engine-generators or ultra lean operation in gas turbines to ensure minimal production of pollutants such as NO.sub.x. The ultra lean operation also increases the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. High compression ratios (r=12 to 15) can also be employed to further increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Supplemental fuel, such as natural gas or diesel oil, may be added directly to the internal combustion engine-generator or gas turbine for combustion with the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is described for environmentally sound usage of combustible hazardous waste as supplemental fuel in operating rotary cement kilns. The apparatus comprises an open port in the rotary vessel at a point where during cement kiln operation the in-process mineral material is in a calcining state and where kiln gas temperatures are sufficient to decompose volatile components of the waste fuel. A drop tube extending from the port into the kiln is provided to prevent in-process mineral from escaping through the port during rotation of the rotary vessel. Combustible solids are delivered through the port under the force of gravity and air is continuously drawn into the rotary vessel through the open port during kiln operation. The apparatus and method allow efficient usage of combustible solid waste as a supplemental fuel for cement kiln operation.

Abstract: In a process for reprocessing slag and/or ash from the thermal treatment of refuse, the refuse (1) is pyrolyzed, gasified or partially combusted in a first process step, heavy-metal-containing slag and/or ash (8) having a comparatively high carbon content being formed. Said slag and/or ash (8) is then heated in a rotary kiln (6) to a temperature below the melting temperature of the slag and/or ash (8) in a second process step, the slag and/or ash (8), prior to its discharge from the rotary kiln (6), dwelling sufficiently long in the rotary kiln (6), that the heavy metals present therein are converted into their metallic form by reduction at the carbon endogenous to the slag and the readily volatile heavy metals are transferred to the gas phase and are discharged from the rotary kiln (6) together with the flue gas (9), and finally a slag (15) depleted in heavy metals being discharged from the rotary kiln (6).

Abstract: A plasma arc waste treatment furnace is equipped with a plasma arc torch having an electrode formed from a conductive refractory material. The refractory electrode can be operated at very high temperatures and does not need to be water-cooled. This eliminates a need for de-ionized water used in prior art furnaces. Arc erosion takes place very slowly and this results in long operating intervals of the furnace between shutdowns needed for electrode replacement. The electrode can be successfully operated as a cathode and this mode of operation improves melting efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotating oven with a horizontal or inclined drum, of which at least the inner part is composed of a fireproof material and which is pivotably mounted around its longitudinal axis. The drum contains a tubular element (1) of a fireproof material which is composed of a succession of each other supporting co-axial rings (2), which element (1) is brought under an axial stress starting from its both extremities (6), in order to obtain a self supporting prestressed entity.

Abstract: Waste tires are disposed of in a cement-manufacturing or other mineral-burning process by introducing the tires into the hot gas stream at at least one point between the mineral-inlet end of a rotary kiln and the lowermost cyclone of an associated preheater system, e.g. into the gas stream within a precalciner vessel or riser duct, the tires being maintained in contact with the hot gas for a sufficient period to effect at least partial combustion of the tires. As an alternative, the tires may be introduced into a Lepol grate preheater.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for disposing of paper in an asphalt plant. The asphalt plant comprises a container for stone aggregate to be heated, a burner for producing a burner flame to provide thermal energy for heating the stone aggregate in the container, the burner being positioned relative to the container so that an open space is defined therebetween, and a supplementary burner positioned in the open space between the burner and the container. The supplementary burner includes a supplementary burner member for producing a supplementary burner flame to provide thermal energy for heating the stone aggregate in the container, an air supply connected to the supplementary burner member for providing a stream of air to the supplementary burner member, and a supply of paper connected to the air supply for introducing paper into the stream of air. The paper is introduced into the stream of air such that the paper is entrained in the stream of air and is substantially incinerated in the container.

Abstract: An apparatus burns tires in a horizontally rotating combuster. The tires are loaded into a rotating combustion chamber through a traveling air lock and burned until they are reduced to ash. Combustion is enhanced by tumbling the burning tires in the rotating chamber while adding preheated draft air. The intake draft air is controlled using thermal expansion of the rotary combustion chamber to activate the draft control valve. The inner surface of the chamber is tapered in order to prevent unburned debris from advancing prematurely; however, angled flights, positioned along the inner surface, cause the residual ash to advance with each successive revolution of the combustion chamber. The resulting combination of gases and ash are then forwarded to an afterburner for completion of the combustion and disposal of the ash.

Abstract: The carbonizing furnace of the present invention is capable of effectively making a large amount of carbides and reducing manufacturing cost and maintenance cost. The carbonizing furnace includes a furnace proper being formed into a cylindrical shape, the furnace proper having a first end section, to which a combustible raw material is supplied, and a second end section, from which a carbide is discharged; a spiral member for conveying the raw material from the first end section to the second end thereof; and a burner for burning the raw material to make the carbide, the burner burns the raw material in the second end section whereby the raw material is carbonized therein, wherein a surface of the raw material is coated with an inorganic binder.

Abstract: A soil remediation system having apparatus for decontaminating particulate matter or dust entrained in and exhausted with a hot gas stream from a rotary drum wherein the particulate matter is subjected to heat-loss through an outer cylindrical wall of the drum. The system includes an inclined drum having a burner arrangement for directing a flame and hot gas stream into and axially through the drum ro remediate soil being processed through the drum, and dust decontamination apparatus including a fixed sleeve concentric with a downstream end of the drum such that an annular cavity is formed between the sleeve and the drum, and a filtering arrangement adapted to receive the hot gas stream as the hot gas stream is exhausted from the drum and to remove particulate matter entrained therein.

Abstract: In the processing of exhaust gases by a chlorine bypass system, a portion of kiln exhaust gases G is extracted from a kiln 1, after the extracted exhaust gases G are instantly cooled to 600.degree. C. to 700.degree. C. or less, the dust W in the cooled exhaust gases is separated to rough powder and fine powder by a separator, the separated rough powder is returned to the kiln 1 and the separated fine powder is discharged to a cement system, wherein extracting means extracts the kiln exhaust gases at the ratio more than 0% to equal to or less than 5% and the separating point of the separator is set to 5 .mu.m to 7 .mu.m.

Abstract: A burner apparatus uses fuel derived from waste resin. The burner includes a cylindrical body in combination with an oxygen supplier, which form an oxygen deficient atmosphere. While rotating the cylindrical body, a small portion of waste resin is partially combusted to generate heat energy and changes its form to finely divided particles. The heat energy is used for heating and gasifying a remaining larger portion of the waste resin. The produced gas particles are conveyed toward an outlet nozzle of the cylindrical body and are injected outwardly for complete combustion in air.

Abstract: A device for combustion of moist fuel includes a combustion chamber with a moving fire grate disposed at a bottom portion thereof and a drum dryer located within the combustion chamber above the fire grate. The dryer drum rotates and includes therein an involuted drum in communication with a feeding apparatus external to the combustion chamber. The feeding apparatus transports fuel from a bin to the involuted drum. As the drum dryer rotates the fuel therein moves toward an end thereof and is dried by the heat of the combustion chamber. From an end of the drum dryer, the dried fuel falls onto the fire grate and is burned.

Abstract: The method of an apparatus for incinerating and melting wastes along with incombustible materials in the wastes which comprise introducing wastes in a horizontal rotary furnace, incinerating the wastes at a temperature from 800.degree. C. to 1,200.degree. C., and melting the ashes of the wastes together with the remaining products which are vitrified at a temperature of more than 1,600.degree. C., by an oxygen type burner in which an oxygen-fuel mixture has an oxygen content of 50% in the mixture. The exhaust gas generated in the incineration and melting processes is introduced to a dust collector for cleaning the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A rotary combustor is disclosed in which a plurality of tubes connect a first header to a second header, and in which the first and second headers have a plurality of baffles dividing them into a plurality of chambers. In accordance with the invention, a branch pipe is located at the extreme end of a first of the chambers for admitting fluid to the first chamber, such that the fluid flows through a first set of tubes to a second chamber and then through a second set of tubes and is returned to another chamber and exits through a second branch pipe disposed at an extreme end of the chamber. The structure made in accordance with the present invention exhibits a relative flow pattern between the chambers that is a counterflow, thereby improving the performance of the combustor. preferably, the tubes are grouped in plurality of pairs of tubes, and the chambers include relatively smaller chambers and relatively larger chambers.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for high efficiency generation of electricity and low oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions are provided. The electricity is generated from combustion of hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion units using ultra lean fuel to air ratios in the range of 0.4-0.7 relative to stoichiometric operation in internal combustion engine-generators or ultra lean operation in gas turbines to ensure minimal production of pollutants such as NO.sub.x. The ultra lean operation also increases the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. High compression ratios (r=12 to 15) can also be employed to further increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Supplemental fuel, such as natural gas or diesel oil, may be added directly to the internal combustion engine-generator or gas turbine for combustion with the hydrogen-rich gases produced in waste conversion unit.

Abstract: A plasma arc torch heat based apparatus and method converts a quantity of particulate soil having a first set of engineering properties into a selected number of smaller quantities each having improved engineering properties differing from the first set of engineering properties and makes practical utilization of the smaller quantities for applications in which the first set of engineering properties were not suited. The apparatus includes a rotatable kiln which is positionable at an angle to horizontal such that soil is received in an upper end and discharged at a lower end thereof. The kiln is heated to a controlled temperature based on the properties of the soil before treatment and the desired improved properties after treatment to meet application requirements.