Abstract: A preheater or precalciner kiln is modified to feed solid fuel into a riser duct of the kiln to enable efficient environmentally sound use of solid waste-derived fuel. The modified kiln includes a solid fuel delivery port in the riser duct, a fuel feeder device for feeding solid fuel through the delivery port, and a fuel suspension device for holding the solid fuel for combustion in a fixed position in the kiln gas stream.

Abstract: A feeding apparatus for feeding whole tires into a cement kiln comprising a feed opening in the shell of the kiln, a passageway including a sleeve extending within and outside the kiln, an arcuate sector valve device for closing the passageway and timed to open so as to allow the tires to fall into the kiln through the passageway. The sector valve having an outer perforated wall and an inner wall, the perforated wall allowing ambient air to circulate between the outer and inner wall to keep the outer wall cool for contact with the tires. A transfer device is provided for transferring the tires onto the feeding apparatus wherein the transfer device includes fingers while the feeding apparatus includes a fork receiving tray interdigitated with the fingers to pick up the tires as the kiln rotates.

Abstract: A gasification reactor comprising of a slow turning rotation chamber (1) with tapered end pieces (7) and sealed by stationary closures (8, 9). The chamber is divided by rings (3, 3') into three sections (4, 5, 6). The first section (4) is used to dry and pre-heat the combustible material (12). Section (5) is the gasification zone and section (6) is used to collect and transport the ash to the outside of the chamber. In order to obtain a better insulation against loss of heat an inner cylinder (24) is fitted into the chamber. The feed stock material (12) is brought into the chamber with a hollow piston (13) through the stationary closure (8) and inside the chamber the material is moved along by the rotation of the chamber. Fresh air supply is introduced into the chamber through special form parts (25), and the combustible gas is collected and returned to the outside with the pipe (31). Ash and slag are lifted and deposited in a collector (21) from where they are brought to the outside.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the disposal of waste including a rotary kiln comprising at least one, and preferably a plurality of plasma guns positioned within a chamber defined by the rotary kiln, and at least one target electrode which is rotatable. One preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a portable waste disposal unit wherein a rotary kiln, at least one plasma gun and a movable target electrode are advantageously positioned on a truck for ready transportation to a waste site.

Abstract: A system for reducing volatile organic compounds, particulates and carbon monoxide in exhaust from a wood products dryer is disclosed. The dryer exhaust is combined with waste wood or biomass fuel and partially combusted in a rotary gasifier, then fully combusted in a secondary combustion chamber. Hot flue gasses form the secondary combustion chamber are used to heat the conduits carrying the exhaust from the dryer, to heat oil, and to preheat air input to the dryer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an installation intended for the pyrolysis of solids, comprising a rotary furnace (1) inside which pyrolysis is achieved, and a means (21) for heating the rotary furnace. The installation according to the invention further comprises a means (2) for preheating the solids, located upstream from said furnace, said means (2) comprises at least two zones (2a, 2b) in which the solids are preheated at different temperatures and a gas extraction device (12) into which the pyrolysis gases are led after passing through at least one of said preheating zones (2a, 2b).

Abstract: A carbon reactivation apparatus has a fossil fuel kiln adjacent to a rotary dryer and flue gas from the kiln flows through the dryer co-currently with carbon particles to provide a more efficient process than previously known. The apparatus has a rotary kiln with a drum therein sloped downwards from a feed end to a discharge end, a furnace shell surrounding at least a portion of the drum with a fossil fuel heater and hot gases from within the shell heat the rotary kiln. A rotary dryer slopes downwards from an inlet end to an outlet end and carbon particles to be reactivated are fed into the inlet end. Ducting from the shell surrounding the drum of the rotary kiln extends to the inlet end of the rotary dryer for hot gases to flow along the dryer to the outlet end in the same direction as the carbon particles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for incinerating waste material and in particular, for incinerating particulate material resulting from the shredding of vehicles. The particulate material is fed to one end of a rotary drum, and is subjected in the drum to pyrolitic incineration in the absence of air, to generate combustible gases and a solid residue. The combustion gases and the residue are discharged from the drum to a discharge hood, where the solid residue is separated from the gases. The gases are then passed through a condenser to cool the gases to a temperature below 212.degree. F. to thereby condense water vapor and higher boiling point hydrocarbon gases to produce hydrocarbon liquid.

Abstract: A waste material, particularly refuse, is conveyed through a combustion chamber while simultaneously being mixed and is treated with a gaseous oxidizing agent. The combustion chamber comprises a rotary tubular furnace. The waste material is acted on by the gaseous oxidizing agent, with the volatile combustible constituents of the waste material forming flames with the oxidizing agent. The radiation heat of the flames frees additional volatile constituents of the waste material. The waste material freed of volatile constituents is obtained as refuse coke and the unburnt volatile constituents are obtained as combustible gas. The thermal treatment in the rotary tubular furnace can be continued beyond the freeing of volatile substances. Given an adequate temperature rise, the oxidic constituents of the slag formed are melted, and the latter can be obtained in the form of glass.

Abstract: A heating chamber or low-temperature carbonization drum has an interior receiving bulk material or trash and has a longitudinal axis about which the heating chamber or drum is rotatable. A number of heating tubes through which a heating gas can flow in a given direction, are disposed in the interior of the heating chamber or drum, are oriented approximately parallel to one another, and have an end region as seen in the given flow direction. Turbulators are disposed inside the heating tubes in the end region.

Abstract: An asphalt plant for producing asphalt paving, the asphalt plant including: a) a dryer unit for heating stone aggregate, the dryer unit including a container and a burner for producing a flame to provide thermal energy for heating the stone aggregate in the container; b) a supply of burner fuel for providing fuel for the burner flame; c) a supply of burner air for providing oxygen to the burner flame; and d) the dryer unit including a grate which is spaced from the burner, the grate defining a plurality of openings, such that the burner flame extends through the openings, and such that the grate improves the thermal efficiency of the dryer unit for heating the stone aggregate.

Abstract: A centrifugal plasma arc furnace is used to vitrify contaminated soils and other waste materials. An assessment of the characteristics of the waste is performed prior to introducing the waste into the furnace. Based on the assessment, a predetermined amount of iron is added to each batch of waste. The waste is melted in an oxidizing atmosphere into a slag. The added iron is oxidized into Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4. Time of exposure to oxygen is controlled so that the iron does not oxidize into Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3. Slag in the furnace remains relatively non-viscous and consequently it pours out of the furnace readily. Cooled and solidified slag produced by the furnace is very resistant to groundwater leaching. The slag can be safely buried in the earth without fear of contaminating groundwater.

Abstract: A rotary incinerator for disposal of industrial waste is provided. The incinerator is slopedly and rotatably disposed to a slant support and has a plurality of spirally arranged tubular conveying ribs on entire inner periphery for squeezedly transmitting the incinerating waste from the lower portion to an exit in the tapered upper end so that the waste is stirred while incinerating and the slag and ash are automatically discharged via the exit, a combustion system worked together with a ventilation system at a lower end for supplying the flame and the fresh air into the incinerator, a drive system for driving the incinerator to rotate and a control device for controlling the operation of the above recited elements. The improvement is characterized in safe and rapid incineration of the industrial waste, therefore, economical.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for feeding a cement kiln through the kiln wall includes a processing component which shreds and blends supplemental fuel and conveys the fuel to a feeding station. The feeding station includes a feeding device, such as a ram or screw, which is moved on a carriage along rails so that the device remains in alignment with a port in the cement kiln through a period of rotation of the cement kiln sufficient to allow the fuel to be injected from the feeding device into the interior of the kiln.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for environmentally sound usage of combustible solid waste in operating rotary cement kilns. A cement kiln is modified to contain a port in the rotary cylinder for delivery of combustible solid waste into the kiln for burning in contact with calcining mineral material. The port is provided with a closure and means for moving the closure between a port-opened and port-closed position at predetermined times during rotation of the kiln cylinder. The invention allows efficient use of solid waste as supplemental fuel in the cement manufacturing process.

Abstract: A method for processing waste includes low-temperature carbonizing one portion of the waste creating low-temperature carbonization gas and low-temperature carbonization residue. A carbon-rich fraction is separated off from the low-temperature carbonization residue. At least some of the carbon-rich fraction of the low-temperature carbonization residue is supplied as fuel for a support flame for burning another portion of the waste. A plant for processing waste includes a revolving tubular kiln in which a burner is disposed. A low-temperature carbonization drum has an outlet side communicating with a low-temperature carbonization gas line and a separator device for solid low-temperature carbonization residue. A line carries a carbon-rich fraction of the low-temperature carbonization residue from the separator device to the burner.

Abstract: Rotary combustor and spring assembly therefor. The combustor includes a tire surrounding a kiln and a spring assembly interposed between the tire and kiln for interconnecting the tire and kiln. The spring assembly includes a clevis member attached to the tire and a spring member having an end portion thereof pivotally connected to the clevis member and an intermediate portion thereof attached to the kiln. The other end portion of the spring member is pivotally connected to an adjacent clevis member. The spring member allows for relative motion of the tire and the kiln as the first and second end portions of the spring member pivot about their respective clevis members.

Abstract: A rotary kiln apparatus including an outer kiln shell defining an interior heating chamber therein for receiving material for heating which preferably includes a rotational drive for rotating the kiln, and a plurality of refractory bricks movably positioned within the chamber in order to maintain heat within the chamber where the refractory bricks are movable and in abutment with respect to one another to accommodate thermal expansion during heating and to maintain enhanced heating within the interior heating chamber with an outer liner insulation included extending about the inside of the outer kiln shell and in abutment therewith providing thermal insulation between the outer kiln shell and the refractory brick members with a metallic intermediate liner mechanically affixed to the inner side of the outer liner insulation to extend thereover to prevent abrasion of the outer liner insulation during normal movement of the refractory brick members during kiln rotation, with mechanical affixing of the intermedia

Abstract: A furnace body (4) consists of drums (D1, D2, and D3) which are supported and drove by rotation drive assemblies (3) independently of each other. Each drum has open ends at both sides, and adjacent open ends are engaged to each other in a rotatable manner. One open end of the furnace body (4) are provided with a waste feeding assembly (6), and the other is provided with a gas exhausting assembly (7). Oxygen supply units (5) are connected to the joint between the open ends of adjacent drums.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for chemically and/or thermally treating substances containing or generating toxic substances during treatment is disclosed. Multiple reactors treat the material while the toxic emission containment system separates and cleans the effluents to within acceptable emissions limits as specified by government. The preferred rotary kiln employs a multiple zone reactor system for processing and volumetrically reducing feedstocks. The kiln functions as a primary treatment chamber and contains a rotatable multipurpose admixture and a multiple zone burner system. Induced cyclonic action reduces particulate entrainment, minimizes stratification, and maximizes gas residence time. A direct fed, second stage vitrifying, refining and/or separating furnace yields stabilized products. The preferred process includes an air pollution control system enhanced by a toxic emission containment system which separates the inert effluents from the toxic emissions contained in the treatment process.

Abstract: A method of destructively distilling an organic material in particulate form wherein the particulates are introduced through an inlet into one end of an inner rotating kiln ganged to and coaxial with an outer rotating kiln. The inner and outer kilns define a cylindrical annular space with the inlet being positioned in registry with the axis of rotation of the ganged kilns. During operation, the temperature of the wall of the inner rotary kiln at the inlet is not less than about 500.degree. C. to heat the particulate material to a temperature in the range of from about 200.degree. C. to about 900.degree. C. in a pyrolyzing atmosphere to reduce the particulate material as it moves from the one end toward the other end.

Abstract: A furnace for effecting pyrolysis of waste material includes an essentially cylindrical cavity for effecting pyrolysis of the waste material rotating around its lengthwise axis, a combustion chamber located around the cavity and injectors for introducing fuel and comburant or oxidizing agent into said chamber. The injectors for introducing fuel and comburant are oriented tangentially to a wall of the combustion chamber so that flame or flames created by combustion of the fuel developed in the swirling fashion around the cavity containing the waste material. Also, the injectors are arranged to effect staged combustion within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A bypass system is provided for a long cement kiln. The long cement kiln includes a cylindrical rotary vessel in which a kiln gas stream flows countercurrent to in-process mineral. The bypass system includes an annular bypass plenum, a port in the wall of the rotary vessel in gas flow communication with said plenum, and a draft tube for preventing passage of in-process mineral through said port. A blower fan induces flow of at least a portion of the kiln gas stream to form a bypass stream through the draft tube and the port and into the annular bypass plenum. The bypass system also includes an apparatus for mixing controlled amounts of ambient air with the bypass stream to cool the kiln gas bypass stream and to precipitate alkali fume in the kiln gas bypass stream before it passes through the draft tube and the port in the wall of the rotary vessel to reduce build up of condensed alkali inside the draft tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a furnace intended for the thermal treatment of solid materials, comprising a rotary element (1) in which said solid materials circulate longitudinally, and a means (9) for heating said materials, which extends longitudinally in the furnace, the solid materials moving forward through about two lengths inside the rotary element (1). According to the invention, the heating means (9) is stationary, intended for channelling the solid materials and for preheating them. More specifically, the heating means (9) is arranged coaxially and inside the rotary element (1) so that, in the axial zone delimited by the heating means, the solid materials exhibit the highest temperatures.

Abstract: A method and improved apparatus is disclosed for improving combustion efficiency and reducing emission of gaseous pollutants during the manufacture of cement in conventional long rotary kilns. Air is injected through a port in the wall of a rotary cement kiln having a secondary burning zone established by burning solid fuel in contact with the in process mineral at a point downstream, relative to kiln gas flow of the clinkering zone in the kiln. The air injection apparatus is designed to enhance mixing of the injected air with the kiln gas stream and is characterized by high linear flow rates and/or multi-directional air injection ports. The air injection ports can be located downstream of a secondary burning zone to provide staged combustion with concomitant reduction in concentration of NO.sub.x, CO and hydrocarbons in the kiln gas stream.

Abstract: An improved kiln for the calcination of a powder comprises a directly heated rotary kiln in which at least a part of the inner circumferential wall is equipped with a plurality of protrusions. The protrusions are shaped so that the powder is substantially not lifted during operation of the kiln. In a preferred embodiment the protrusions have the shape of a triangular prism and are positioned within the kiln so as to pass through the powder in the manner of a plough. Preferably the top face of the prism is an isosceles triangle in which the equal angles are greater than the angle of repose of the powder for which the kiln is designed.

Abstract: A thermal desorption apparatus for the vaporization of volatile organic compounds and other contaminants within solid and liquid materials, such as sand, gravel, soil, clay, and industrial sludge is disclosed. The apparatus includes a generally cylindrical kiln having a bellows seal located at an inlet port, an outlet port, a fire box, an after burner, a quench tube assembly, a water cyclone having a rotary cylinder and a recyclable water tank system and pump. The kiln also includes a sludge and liquid injection port for the processing of contaminated liquid materials, as well as a computer controlled regulating system and program for operation of the apparatus. The apparatus also includes an entry port screw auger and an exit port screw auger, as well as a series of stationary paddles affixed to the inside kiln walls.

Abstract: A combined soil remediation and HMA plant is provided having a rotary dryer, a rotary soil incinerator, and a refractory lined duct connecting the incinerator to the dryer and serving as a conduit via which hot gases, forming the primary and possibly sole heat source used to heat raw aggregate in the dryer, are conveyed from the incinerator to the dryer. The duct also acts as an afterburner in which volatile organic compounds, particles of contaminated dust, and other combustible products not destroyed in the incinerator are destroyed. The plant further includes a mixer 1) receiving both reclaimed soil from the incinerator and heated and dried aggregate from the dryer and 2) mixing both materials with liquid asphalt and possibly RAP and/or dust from the system's baghouse assembly to form HMA.

Abstract: Oxygen is lanced into the main combustion reaction of a cement kiln to increase heat transfer to the clinker bed and to increase clinker production. Oxygen is separately lanced along the floor, i.e. the lowest wall of the kiln, to delay mixing with the flame to provide deep staging. The deeply staged oxygen flow is adjusted frequently to control emissions and stabilize the burning zone while the primary oxygen flow is maintained constant.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for controlling the kiln gas stream in a conventional long wet or dry process cement kiln modified for delivery of solid fuel into the calcining zone. Air is injected into the kiln gas stream at a point downstream of the clinkering zone and upstream of the drying zone to promote combustion efficiency downstream of the clinkering zone.

Abstract: An incineration kiln of the slagging mode, which has an outer shell and a protective layer inside the shell with quantum failure identifiers. The quantum failure identifiers recognizes one or more stages of increasing degree of failure of the protective layer, so that an operator may be warned and take suitable measures to protect further deterioration of the protective layer and restore the same.

Abstract: A description is given of an apparatus for shooting of whole automobile tires, preferably into a cement rotary kiln, which apparatus comprises a gun barrel, a charging device for placing automobile tires in the gun barrel, and a device for generating compressed air for propelling the automobile tire through the gun barrel. The gun barrel consists of a tube having a cross-section which is essentially rectangular over its entire length. By designing the gun barrel with a cross-section which corresponds to the cross-section of the automobile tire, the automobile tire will fill out the entire cross-sectional area of the gun barrel thereby making it possible to provide an air pressure behind the automobile tire which is sufficient for propelling the tire through the gun barrel.

Abstract: A tunnel type incinerator with cylindrical inner and outer barrels which are rotated in opposite directions relative to each other. A large number of crushing blades or protrusions are disposed and engaged with each other in a spiral shape on the wall of the barrels, a hopper is disposed on a side of a hold member which is joined with the inner and outer barrels and a bucket is disposed on a lower opposite side of the hold member. Charged waste from the hopper is crushed on the crushing blades and moved to the front end portion of the barrel by a screw ribbon and burned up by the indirect heating of a combustion tube with burners, and a non combustioned gas tube is mounted over the hold member, such that the non combustioned gas produced in the inner and outer barrels is recycled to burn up the non combustioned gas.

Abstract: A process for the vitrification of products in the form of solid pieces or particles without the release of dust as a pollutant, according to which there is used a furnace (3) provided with a burner (15). There are introduced into the furnace the products to be vitrified, and the products are permitted to heat in the furnace until they form a liquid or pasty vitreous mass, then this vitreous mass is removed from the furnace and permitted to cool. The internal walls of the furnace are preheated with the burner to a temperature exceeding the temperature at which the products to be vitrified can form a liquid or pasty vitreous mass, then the energy supplied by the burner is reduced substantially or even cut off, before introducing waste into the furnace.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for receiving, processing, and delivering waste materials to the interior of a rotary cement kiln to be burned therein. Apparatus includes a feeding mechanism which provides continuous in-feed of entrained solids or solid waste, materials including hazardous waste material having low fuel value, directly into the calcining zone of the kiln. A bulk receiving system is provided for receiving, processing and transferring materials from one or more collection stations. The system further includes processing for sizing and segregating metal extracted from a contaminated hazardous waste stream. Methods are provided for providing induction of forced, combustion air directly into the calcining zone of a rotating cement kiln.

Abstract: A waste disposal and energy recovery system and method uses sub-stoichiometric combustion to gasify waste fuels into high temperature synthetic gas. The system minimizes the amount of flue gas exiting to the atmosphere. The high temperature synthetic gas is then combusted in a gas burner. The burner can be closely coupled to a heat recovery unit to facilitate radiative heat transfer. Some flue gas can be recirculated to maintain low combustion temperatures in both the kiln and the burner. Sub-stoichiometric combustion is accomplished in the rotary kiln in a counterflow configuration.

Abstract: A method of burning waste comprised essentially of plastic, especially PVC waste. The waste is burned in a revolving cylindrical furnace accompanied by the addition to the waste of at least one finely ground solid additive having at least one component with a melting temperature higher than the melting temperature of the plastic of the waste.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for feeding a bulk material supplemental fuel through a port formed in a side wall of a rotary vessel of a cement kiln. The apparatus includes a stationary annular plenum surrounding rotary vessel. The plenum is configured to define an enclosed interior region in communication with the port in the rotary vessel. The apparatus also includes a bulk material fuel charging apparatus including a hopper for receiving the bulk material, and a barrel in communication with the hopper. The barrel has an open discharge end extending into the interior region of the annular plenum. The bulk material fuel charging apparatus also includes an air cannon in air flow communication with the barrel for injecting air into the barrel to force a portion of the bulk material located in the barrel out of the open discharge end of the barrel, through the port, and into the rotary vessel.

Abstract: A device for incinerating solid and/or liquid toxic substances, especially projectiles filled with chemical warfare agents. Because the ammunition to be incinerated may have been inadvertently not disarmed the incinerator plant must be able to withstand an operating pressure of at least 40 bar. The incineration includes a rotatably mounted unit consisting of a rotary tubular kiln, an afterburning chamber, and a waste heat boiler. The unit is designed in a corresponding pressure-proof manner, and the rotary tubular kiln as well as the afterburning chamber are lined with refractory material. The operating pressure is generated by a compressor arranged upstream of the incinerator plant, and it is released by an expander arranged downstream of the entire plant.

Abstract: An intelligent oxygen injection control system for afterburners which minimizes transient incinerator pollutant emissions while simultaneously minimizing oxygen consumption. A fuzzy logic-based controller utilizes inputs from sensors that measure gas phase pollutant species such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide to control oxygen injection and thus minimize pollutant emissions while minimizing oxygen consumption.

Abstract: A method for disposing of paper in an asphalt plant, comprising the steps of: a) providing a container for heating stone aggregate, providing in the container a burner for producing a flame to provide thermal energy for heating the stone aggregate in the container; b) providing a stream of air into the burner flame; c) introducing the paper into the stream of air, such that the paper is entrained in the stream of air, such that the stream of air having therein the entrained paper is introduced into the burner flame, and such that the paper is substantially incinerated in the container.

Abstract: A portable soil decontamination and remediation system comprising a high heat energy generator that supplies high heat energy to a soil decontamination unit. The heat energy generator comprises a closed chamber for gasifying used rubber tires for the production of volatile gases and high energy heat. The soil decontamination unit comprises an elongate rotating cylinder that rotates within a closed chamber. Contaminated soil is introduced into one end of the rotating cylinder and is caused to migrate to the opposite end in a cascading fashion as the cylinder rotates. High energy heat from the generator is directed at the rotating cylinder to indirectly heat the soil therein to vaporize the hydrocarbon contaminants in the soil as the rotating drum migrates the soil toward its collection end. Vacuum pressure withdraws the vaporized hydrocarbons from the cylinder, and the decontaminated soil exits the collection end of the rotating cylinder and housing for redistribution.

Abstract: A cement kiln having a tire injection system. The tire injection system comprises an entrance chute having an outer end portion protruding outwardly of a wall of the kiln and an inner end portion which protrudes into the kiln. The entrance chute further is disposed such that it is positioned tangentially to the kiln wall. The entrance chute includes a gate assembly having a cam follower assembly and a pivotally mounted gate member. The cam follower assembly causes the gate member to be urged pivotally between open and closed positions in response to movement of the cam follower assembly over a cylindrical camming wall positioned at a predetermined location relative to the kiln. When the cam follower assembly has caused the gate member to open, a plurality of tires or other items forming a source of supplemental fuel are injected into the entrance chute by one or more external tire injecting apparatuses synchronized in operation to rotation of the kiln.

Abstract: The system (10) for collecting and disposing of contaminated waste products such as medical sharps and other medical wastes includes a housing (11) and its telescopic cover (9) which are fabricated of biodegradable and combustible material such as natural cellulose and non-natural cellulose. An absorbent biodegradable and combustible absorption package (30) or insert (35) can be placed in the bottom of the holding chamber (12) for absorbing any liquids emitted from the sharps and other wastes, and for enhancing the combustion of the medical sharps and other wastes when the housing is placed in a furnace. When the housing is burned it evolves no more than trace levels of sulfur or chlorine and yields substantially only biodegradable ash.

Abstract: Organic and/or inorganic substances and water are thermally separated from contaminated materials, solid aggregates, the contaminated material is pretreated and is subsequently heated in a directly or indirectly heated furnace, which includes a rotary kiln, a fluidized bed furnace or a floating zone reactor, and during the heating the material is treated with recycled hot gases or recycled hot steam and with oxidizing agents. The exiting processing gases, which contain water vapor, are dedusted, and 80 to 90% by volume of the water vapor-containing processing gases are recycled to the furnace to act as entraining gas. The remaining water vapor-containing processing gases are condensed, the resulting liquid phase is withdrawn, and pollutants are removed from the withdrawn liquid phase by a wet chemical or physical processing.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for controlling the kiln gas stream in a conventional long wet or dry process cement kiln. A portion of the kiln gas stream can be withdrawn from the rotary kiln vessel at a point upstream, relative to kiln gas flow of the chain system in the mineral drying zone. Alternatively, or in conjunction with bypass formation, the apparatus can be used to add tertiary air to the kiln gas stream to promote combustion efficiency downstream of the clinkering zone. Use of the present apparatus to form a kiln gas bypass stream enhances operating efficiencies of long kilns by reducing dust loss, by facilitating isolation of high alkali by-product streams, by reducing alkali content of collected kiln dust, by increasing energy efficiency of long kiln operation, and by allowing greater overall control in the cement manufacturing process.

Abstract: Material remediation apparatus includes a remediation drum through which materials, such as soil contaminated with hydrocarbons, are advanced from a feed end to a discharge end of the drum. A tube extending concentrically from the discharge end of the drum into the drum forms a combustion chamber. Materials being decontaminated advance through an annular space between the tube and the drum. The tube is axially first of converging and then of diverging shape, as viewed from the discharge end of the drum. A turbo burner injects combustible gases into the tube which are burned within the diverging shape of the tube. A portion of the burned gases reflow from the outlet of tube through the annular space to the discharge end of the drum. In a zone of the drum occupied by the tube materials are heated by conduction and radiation of energy passing through the wall of the tube as well as by convective heating from the reflow gases. Hot gases are exhausted from the drum at the feed end thereof.

Abstract: A cylinder grate for incinerators, especially garbage incinerators, with hollow grate cylinders (1). The cylinders are positioned separated and axially parallel along a slanted plane (3). There is a gap between each pair of cylinders and accommodating strippers (5). The strippers are secured to stripper holders (6) below the gap. Components (11) swing back and forth below the strippers and are resiliently forced against the overall length of the cylinder.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for regenerating particles of desiccant rendered ineffective by at least one contaminant capable of being burned, the particles of desiccant are placed into a hollow container formed with a cylindrical perforated wall, the hollow container is rotated about the geometrical axis of the cylindrical wall to continuously mix the particles of desiccant, and combustion flames are applied to the underside of the cylindrical perforated wall whereby these flames are applied directly to the particles of desiccant being mixed through the perforations of the cylindrical wall to burn and thereby remove the contaminant from the particles of desiccant.

Abstract: Hazardous waste is formed into non-hazardous non-leaching aggregate by introducing the material to a rotary kiln where the large solids are at least partially combusted to form a primary aggregate. Gaseous combustion by-products and waste fines from the waste materials are introduced into at least one oxidizer having water-cooled metal walls. Some of the waste fines are melted to form a molten slag-like material that is removed from the apparatus and cooled to form non-hazardous aggregate. The portion of the material in the oxidizer that is not melted, is cooled, neutralized and subjected to a solid gas separation. The solid is reintroduced to the oxidizer with the primary aggregate where they are either melted or entrained within the molten material and become an integral part of the non-hazardous aggregate.