Abstract: The invention comprises a coal-fired burner system for use in a drum mix asphalt plant or drum dryer used for producing asphalt paving composition. Coal to fire the burner is ground to a -200 mesh size by an air-swept rotary impact mill, and a classifier at the exit from the mill controls the size of the particles leaving the mill. The pulverized coal particles are recovered from the exhaust airflow exiting the mill by a fiber filter collector and temporarily stored in a small surge bin. Coal is metered from the surge bin into a primary air conduit leading to the burner. The availability of a small but ready supply of coal in the surge bin provides quick response to a need for increased coal while avoiding the dangerous storage of large quantities of pulverized coal dust. As the weight of coal dust in the surge bin decreases, control circuitry provides for the processing of additional coal to maintain a ready supply of processed coal in the surge bin.

Abstract: Three burners are supplied with pulverized fuel entrained in air from a splitter and are brought to combustion under optimum conditions by adjustment of the secondary air flow to each. The rates of flow of primary and secondary air are determined and signals from these, and a representation of the total fuel supply are supplied to a computer by which the amount of fuel flowing to each burner is deduced from the ratio of the air supplied to the burners.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner especially useful in a system for pulverizing and burning solid fuel, such as coal or other fossil fuel, that is characterized by a possible turndown ratio of up to at least fifteen to one. The burner includes a valved firing nozzle having a firing conduit with firing orifice and internal turbulating means for a mixture of primary air and pulverized solid fuel, and a controlled secondary air supply. A movable valve element, preferably in the form of a double-taper-ended diffuser positioned downstream from the firing orifice, controls the outflow of a turbulent stream of the mxied primary air and fuel from the firing orifice into an ignition chamber and controls flame shape.

Abstract: A dual fuel burner for a furnace having a tubular housing with upstream and downstream ends and a coaxially disposed ignition chamber terminating in a discharge opening at the downstream end of the housing. A high volatility fuel is ignited within the ignition chamber and the resulting flame passes through the discharge opening. A plurality of pulverized solid fuel conduits surround the ignition chamber and extend from the upstream end to the downstream end of the housing where they discharge the fuel in close proximity to the discharge opening of the ignition chamber. An air intake supplies air to the downstream end of the housing, and a bulkhead is disposed between the air intake and the upstream end of the housing preventing air from flowing towards the upstream end. The air flowing through the downstream end flows out of the housing in a generally annular pattern between the flame issuing from the discharge opening and the solid fuel discharged from the conduits.

Abstract: The hot air generator according to the present invention comprises a vertical cylindrical enclosure whose walls are covered on the inside with refractory brick, the heating burner being placed at the top of the enclosure and the hot air exhaust orifice being situated at the base thereof, and in which the source of air by which it is fed is divided into three distinct flows: a first flow constituting the combustion air from the burner; a second flow constituting a first current of dilution air cylindrically surrounding the flame; a third flow constituting a second current of dilution air insufflated at the base of the enclosure so that the enclosure comprises three temperature zones: a first temperature zone which is that of the flame and is on the order of 1,800.degree.; a second temperature zone downstream of the flame and on the order of 900.degree.; a third temperature zone which is that of the second dilution current mixes with the flux of hot air which is comprised between 850.degree. and 300.degree..

Abstract: An air-cooled cyclone coal combustor comprises a horizontally disposed shell, provided with a non-sacrificial refractory liner. The liner is surrounded by an array of air-cooling tubes, the tubes serving both to cool the liner and to physically support and reinforce it. Air cooling in the manner disclosed facilities precise control of the thickness and flow of slag on internal walls of the combustor, so as to avoid reevolution from the slag of the sulfur pollutants. Pulverized coal fuel and a pulverized sulfur sorbent (limestone or the like), as well as primary and secondary combustion air, are introduced into the chamber at an end wall. The cooling air, heated regeneratively in the cooling tubes, provides the secondary air, and is introduced in the chamber in helical flow, at a radius outwardly from the radius at which the solids and primary combustion air are introduced into the chamber. A thermally insulated nozzle provides an outlet for combustion gases.

Abstract: A powdered coal burner used for directly heating an object to be heated, particularly iron scrap, in a heating vessel. The burner is composed of an oxygen nozzle, a powdered coal nozzle, an air nozzle, disposed concentrically from the center, and a cone which is provided at the end of the opening part of the oxygen nozzle in such a way as to disperse oxygen in a radial direction and burn powdered coal. The burner burns with shortened length of flame, and temperature of the flame is not excessively high.

Abstract: A burner for burning a pulverulent fuel has a divergent burner quarl at the narrow end of which a pressure liquid or compressed air burner for combustion-assisting gaseous or liquid fuel opens. The feed means for the pulverulent fuel comprise a number of separate discharge passages which are arranged in a ring and which open in the divergent wall portion of the burner quarl at a distance from both the burner nozzle and the inlet for secondary or main combustion air and which are directed obliquely inwardly towards the axis of the burner and are spaced from each other a distance which substantially exceeds the extension of each outlet of the discharge passage along said ring.

Abstract: A cyclone furnace for the combustion of solid fuels, comprising a generally cylindrical combustion chamber (21) is closed at one end (18, 23) and is provided with at least one inlet opening for fuel and air and has an outlet at the end opposite the closed end. The combustion chamber (21) is generally horizontal. The combustion chamber, at the bottom of the cylindrical wall (22), near the end wall (23), is provided with an opening (87) for discharging ash. An ash discharge conduit (12) is arranged intermediate said ash discharge opening and an ash bin (16) or the like. An ash discharge sluice (92) is provided in the discharge conduit, and scraping means (45, 47) are provided to scrape loose ash and slag from the surface of the end wall (23) and from the combustion chamber wall (22) next to the end wall, said scraping means being arranged to be rotated about the horizontal axis of the combustion chamber (21).

Abstract: A burner (10) is provided for supplying coal-liquid slurry and combustion air to a furnace (2). The burner housing (12) is mounted about the burner throat opening (6) and interconnected to a combustion air supply duct (8). A coal slurry gun (14) is disposed coaxially within the housing for spraying the coal-liquid slurry into the furnace. A first conduit means (20) is disposed coaxially about the coal slurry gun to define a primary air flow passage (22) surrounding the slurry gun. Additionally, a second conduit means (30) is disposed coaxially about the first conduit means (20) to define a secondary air flow passage (32) between the first and second conduit means and a tertiary air flow passage (34) between the second conduit means and the burner throat (4). Independently controllable dampers 41, 42 and 43 are provided in the air inlets to the primary, secondary and tertiary air flow passages to permit independent control of air flow velocity.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing coal is combusted in a cyclone furnace under strongly reducing conditions with a sulfur fixing agent such as lime to produce a basic slag containing the ash and sulfur content of the coal and a product gas of high combustible content which may be burned as a fuel gas in a steam generator or otherwise to yield an exhaust gas which does not require scrubbing.

Abstract: Various embodiments of apparatus and methods are disclosed for the conversion of steam boilers from being oil fired to coal and natural gas fired without adversely affecting the normal power density of the boilers or the emission pollution therefrom. In some cases even the resultant coal ash can be modified by injecting a powdered catalyst or phosphate slimes into the flame to produce a fertilizer ash having desirable minerals to enhance the economic value thereof.Basically all embodiments include a swirling coal-air mixture directed along a path to form a sheath and a swirling gas-air mixture internally thereof with the swirling of the latter being in the same direction and fortifying the motion of the former. A gas-air mixture, swirling or non-swirling, may be supplied outwardly of such sheath to enhance the more complete burning of the coal-air mixture.

Abstract: A method for combusting slagging coal in a furnace comprising a firebox and at least one injection nozzle having a bore for a primary airstream and an annular passage for a secondary airstream, the nozzle communicating with the firebox, which method comprises (a) injecting a primary airstream containing a pulverized coal and injecting a secondary airstream through the injection nozzle into the flame zone of the furnace firebox, the combined primary and secondary airstream composing the total air for combustion and combusting the coal to yield a flame of combustion, and (b) injecting a sufficient amount of oxygen into the primary airstream such that an oxygen enriched primary airstream emanates from the injection nozzle and the oxygen concentration of the total air for combustion is about 22 to 27 volume percent, whereby the amount of slag deposition is reduced.

Abstract: A combustor for burning a feedstock includes a cylindrical body having a tangential feedstock inlet and an exhaust outlet. A catchment chamber of hollow cylindrical form intersects the wall of the body and opens into the cavity to provide a common boundary. Swirling or vortical flow is created in the cavity and a secondary vortex is generated and driven within the chamber by the main flow. In operation contaminant matter is sheared off from the flow in the body into the chamber and is entrapped by the secondary vortex from which it is precipitated, there being no net gas flow across the boundary.

Abstract: A steam generator for burning a normally-solid fuel which produces non-combustible solid residues, including, an elongated combustion chamber, a fuel introduction means to introduce fuel adjacent the axis of the combustion chamber as a centrally-disposed stream moving in a downstream direction, a combustion-supporting gas introduction means for introducing the gas as an annular, rotating stream about the fuel stream and which, together with the fuel introduction means forms a rotating, toroidal vortex of the fuel and the combustion-supporting gas moving in a downstream direction. The combustion chamber has a volume sufficient to burn all of the fuel and, together with the fuel introduction means and the combustion-supporting gas introduction means, cause the vortex to collapse and form plug flow thereafter. Water introduction means introduces water into the flue gas at the downstream end of the combustion chamber as a plurality of peripherally-arranged jets.

Abstract: Various embodiments of apparatus and methods are disclosed for the conversion of steam boilers from being oil fired to coal and natural gas fired without adversely affecting the normal power density of the boilers or the emission pollution therefrom. In some cases even the resultant coal ash can be modified by injecting a powdered catalyst or phosphate slimes into the flame to produce a fertilizer ash having desirable minerals to enhance the economic value thereof.Basically all embodiments include a swirling coal-air mixture directed along a path to form a sheath and a swirling gas-air mixture internally thereof with the swirling of the latter being in the same direction and fortifying the motion of the former. A gas-air mixture, swirling or non-swirling, may be supplied outwardly of such sheath to enhance the more complete burning of the coal-air mixture.

Abstract: A process and a means is described for burning solid fuels, preferably coal, in pulverized form, which are mixed with a carrier liquid, such as water and/or oil or the like, to thereby form an emulsion, and for this purpose the fuel emulsion is injected through a substantially annular entrance port into a combustion chamber so that an approximately hollow cone-shaped flow configuration is produced. Within this flow configuration, a low pressure is built up immediately behind the entrance port for the fuel emulsion opening into the combustion chamber, so that a portion of hot combustion gases and a remainder of unburnt fuel particles are recirculated to the entrance port. Furthermore, gas entrance ports are provided in the end wall of the combustion chamber, through which the gas or air flows the path of flow of which extends concentrically and spirally towards the axis of the entrance port for the fuel emulsion opening into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Wood-waste products, such as wood shavings, wood chips and sawdust, are burned in an apparatus having a waste burner comprising an elongated cylinder in which fuel and air are mixed and ignited before entering an enlarged combustion chamber. The waste burner is characterized by an elongated cylinder having a length substantially larger than its diameter so that the fuel can be heated to a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze volatiles and initiate combustion in the cylinder. A wood-waste burner apparatus is also provided and comprises the waste burner of the invention and a combustion chamber for receiving unburned fuel and combustion products emanating from the burner. A process for burning wood-waste products is also provided. The invention is especially well suited for retrofitting packaged boilers to accommodate wood-waste fuels.

Abstract: A bio-mass suspension burner for use with furnaces or boilers includes a delivery system for injecting particulate solid fuel into a combustor. A primary air stream mixes with and conducts the fuel into the combustor. Secondary air is introduced at the point of ignition, while tertiary air is introduced tangentially to maintain a cyclonic vortex. The burning, gasified fuel exits the combustor through a nozzle where quartiary air is introduced to burn the gas. Proper flame stability, gasification and ash fusion control is achieved by regulation of the various air streams.

Abstract: Various embodiments of apparatus and methods are disclosed for the conversion of steam boilers from being oil fired to coal and natural gas fired without adversely affecting the normal power density of the boilers or the emission pollution therefrom. In some cases even the resultant coal ash can be modified by injecting a powdered catalyst or phosphate slimes into the flame to produce a fertilizer ash having desirable minerals to enhance the economic value thereof.Basically all embodiments include a swirling coal-air mixture directed along a path to form a sheath and a swirling gas-air mixture internally thereof with the swirling of the latter being in the same direction and fortifying the motion of the former. A gas-air mixture, swirling or non-swirling, may be supplied outwardly of such sheath to enhance the more complete burning of the coal-air mixture.

Abstract: A burner for combustion of nitrogen-containing fuels. The burner includes a core-air tube with centrally arranged oil atomizing lance, a dust tube surrounding the core-air tube, a mantle-air tube which surrounds the dust tube and is provided with an axially shiftable twist-blade ring arranged at the air inlet, as well as a burner opening which expands conically toward the combustion chamber. The core-air tube and the mantle-air tube are supplied from a main air conduit. Air jets or nozzles are provided in a concentric arrangement around the burner opening. These air nozzles are connected with the main air passage by conduits, and the air stream discharging from the air nozzles is regulated by a flap.

Abstract: A burner head for combusting solid fuels such as straw, peat, chips, coal etc., comprising a charging opening (11) for the fuel and a discharge opening (15) for flue gases. According to the invention the burner head (1) is characterized in that it comprises two pipes (6,7) located concentrically to each other, where the gap (8) between the pipes is intended to communicate with a supply source for combustion air and communicates with the interior of the inner pipe (7) via apertures in the wall thereof. A plurality of apertures (12,13) are located a distance from the charging opening (11) to form a first combustion zone, and a plurality of apertures (14) are located a distance from said firstmentioned apertures (12,13) and closer to the discharge opening (15) to form a second combustion zone. In the first combustion zone the fuel is intended to be combusted incompletely. The gases produced thereby are intended to be combusted completely in the second combustion zone.

Abstract: A multi-annular swirl burner includes a plurality of overlapping tubular wall members which form a rich combustion zone and a lean combustion zone with a throat section therebetween. Annular passages are located between adjacent wall members, and vanes located therein input a tangential velocity to entering air. The tangential velocity of the swirling flows increases with increasing radius to produce centrifugal separating force on particulates moving from the rich combustion zone to the throat section. A collection system scavenges particulates from the throat section for disposal.

Abstract: A hot bulb ignition head for a device for firing rough ceramics, particularly bricks, serves the intermittent delivery of solid fuel by using compressed air. An explosion takes place in the hot ignition head, which leads to the ejection of the granular solid fuels, particularly coal, into the kiln chamber. It includes a cylindrical head portion with a baffle plate at the outlet end which forms outlet openings. The size of the outlet openings can be adapted to different kiln conditions by insertion pieces.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing hog fuel, other biomass, or peat for efficient burning and heat recovery in a water-wall boiler. The process requires drying the fuel to less that a 30% moisture content. The fuel is then pulverized to an upper particle size such that there are substantially no particles which will not burn in air suspension within the confines of the combustion zone and the boiler can meet emission requirements. Additionally, the pulverizing step is adjusted such that a fines portion of fuel is created of such size and in such amount that the fines portion readily self-ignites upon flame initiation. The fines provide sufficient ignition energy so that the entire flow of fuel burns without the necessity of the conventional fossil fuel support or pilot. The fuel is sized to burn in air suspension by injection into the boiler through a swirl stabilized-type burner.

Abstract: A system for pulverizing and burning solid fuel, such as coal or other fossil fuel, characterized by a possible turndown ratio of up to at least fifteen to one, includes a unique pulverizer capable of both impact and autogenous pulverizing of the fuel so that about 80% will be no more than 40 microns in size, and a unique burner which includes a valved firing nozzle having a firing conduit with firing orifice and internal turbulating means for a mixture of primary air and pulverized solid fuel, and a controlled secondary air supply. A movable valve element, preferably in the form of a double-taper-ended diffuser positioned downstream from the firing orifice, controls outflow of a turbulent stream of the mixed primary air and fuel from the firing orifice into an ignition chamber and controls flame shape.

Abstract: A powdery coal burner is disclosed, which comprises a burner nozzle having an opening at the end of the burner body, through which a combustion-assisting gaseous medium is injected into a combustion area, means of providing a swirling motion to said combustion-assisting gaseous medium which is injected through said burner nozzle to said combustion area in a swirled state, an injection nozzle having an opening surrounding said burner nozzle opening, through which coal is injected toward said combustion area, and a primary air outlet nozzle having an opening surrounding said opening of said injection nozzle for the powdery coal, through which a primary combustion air is forwardly injected.

Abstract: A process and burner for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel, wherein coal and oxygen is supplied to a reactor space via a central coal passage and a plurality of inwardly inclined oxygen outlet passages supply oxygen. Each oxygen jet is surrounded by a shield of a moderate gas from an annular passage, preventing premature contact of free oxygen with reactor gas and the premature escape of solid fuel, broken-up by the oxygen jet from the break-up zone.

Abstract: A furnace, a burner and a method for burning pulverized coal in a highly efficient and precisely controlled manner includes a tubular nozzle with a venturi flow control adjacent the outlet for directing a primary air and coal mixture into a primary combustion zone of the furnace for burning. A coal spreader is mounted in the divergent outlet section of the venturi and swirl vanes on the spreader divide and form the stream into plurality of fuel rich and fuel lean streams discharged into the combustion zone. A tubular conduit in coaxial alignment around the coal nozzle directs a swirling flow of secondary air into the combustion zone around the primary combustion zone and a plurality of tertiary air conduits spaced outwardly of the secondary air conduit are provide to introduce directionally controllable streams of tertiary air into the combustion zone.

Abstract: A method for generating steam by a high pressure, high intensity, or high heat release method of combustion in an elongated combustion zone having upstream and downstream ends and an intermediate location and utilizing a normally-solid fuel which produces non-combustible solid residues in which the fuel is introduced axially and a volume of air, at least equal to the stoichiometric amount, is introduced as an annular, rotating stream to produce a rotating vortex of fuel and air, such introduction and flow through the combustion zone being carried out in a manner to collapse the vortex and create plug flow at the intermediate location, burning the fuel and air to produce flue gas at a heat release rate of at least 7 MM Btu/hr, abruptly terminating combustion by the introduction of water, vaporizing the water to produce a mixture of flue gas and steam, and separating solid residues therefrom.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner apparatus is provided having a combustion chamber surrounded by a housing and having a solid fuel and primary air nozzle attached to the combustion chamber and located in the housing for directing pulverized solid fuel and air into the combustion chamber. A solid fuel and primary air input is connected through the housing to the solid fuel and primary air nozzle for directing solid fuel thereinto. A secondary air input is connected to the housing for directing air under pressure into the housing and from the housing into the combustion chamber. The housing is divided between first and second compartments and a proportioning damper system divides the input secondary air between the first and second compartments of the housing. Dampers are used to proportion secondary air between first and second compartments from an inlet plenum and diffusion vanes direct the primary and solid fuel into the combustion chamber with a predetermined pattern to control the flame.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for combusting particulated ash producing solids are provided. The methods include the steps of conveying the solids to an elongated cylindrical combustion chamber, combining air with the solids to form an air-solids mixture and longitudinally injecting the mixture into the combustion chamber wherein the solids are ignited and combusted. One or more streams of relatively cool gas are tangentially injected into the interior of the combustion chamber in directions transverse to the longitudinal axis thereof so that a helical vortex is created within and along the length of the combustion chamber and the flame, ash and hot gaseous products of combustion produced therein are caused to flow through the central portion of the combustion chamber surrounded by a sleeve of cooler gas. The ash and hot gases are cooled in the combustion chamber to solidify tacky or molten ash therein and the resulting solidify ash and gases are withdrawn from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combustion device, especially for slow-to-react pulverized coal or coal dust.

Abstract: A method is described for burning pulverized high ash coal in a furnace firebox and reducing ash fines which comprises(a) injecting a primary airstream containing a pulverized coal which is at least 7 wt % ash and a secondary airstream into the flame zone of a furnace firebox and combusting the coal to yield a flame of combustion, and(b) injecting a sufficient amount of oxygen into the flame zone via the secondary airstream such that the oxygen concentration of the combined primary and secondary airstreams is between 21 to about 28 vol %.In a preferred embodiment, the oxygen enrichment addition is proportioned between the primary and the secondary air streams.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner apparatus is provided for burning low density, low mass fibrous fuels such as paper waste and biomass. The burner includes a combustion chamber having a solid fuel and primary air nozzle attached to one end thereof for directing pulverized solid fuel and air into the combustion chamber. The solid fuel and primary air nozzle has a spinning mechanism for spinning the solid fuel and air into the combustion chamber in one direction of rotation. A secondary air input is provided for feeding secondary air into the combustion chamber and includes means to spin the secondary air from the secondary air input into the combustion chamber in a direction opposite in rotation to the direction of rotation of the solid fuel and primary air. A gas fuel input has a flame disk and is positioned to feed gas into the combustion chamber in the center portion of the solid fuel and primary air nozzle to create additional stability in the combustion of the solid fuel in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A coal and char burner (10) is formed of three concentric cylinders (14,16,18). The central passage (32) conveys char particles into the interior (20) of a coal gasifier. Fresh coal and secondary air enter the gasifier through concentric passageways (24,27) surrounding the central passageway (32). The coal and air form a high temperature reaction envelope (30) which surrounds the char stream (22) and rapidly heats the char particles.

Abstract: A coal pulverizer is connected to the burner nozzles of a tangentially-fired furnace with conduits of varying lengths through which air-entrained coal is supplied for combustion within the furnace. An externally adjustable orifice assembly is mounted in each connecting conduit to equalize the flow of coal/air through the conduits to nozzles in the windboxes. Each orifice assembly comprises pivotable plates which move transverse the axis of the conduit to form an orifice in controlling the coal/air flow.

Abstract: A method of burning pulverized coal and other fuels comprises the steps of containing a primary flowing stream of coal/air mixture received adjacent an inlet end of a tubular nozzle for discharge at an outlet end into a combustion zone of a furnace for burning. The stream is accelerated in a convergent venturi section upstream of the outlet to distribute and concentrate the coal particles toward a central portion of the venturi in a minimum area throat, followed by decelerating the flow downstream of the venturi throat in a convergent flow section while forming a shallow, annular, conically shaped flow pattern around a hollow spreader cone mounted in the convergent section.

Abstract: A coal-air separator to be used in combination with a pulverized coal-fired burner having an elbow section and a wye section. The wye section is flow connected to the outlet of the elbow so that the coal-rich portion is transported through the main fuel conduit to the burner. The coal lean portion is transported through the take-off conduit, the outlet being positioned outside the furnace windbox.

Abstract: Burner for use in a coal gasification process wherein a combustible mixture is formed comprising a combustion supporting gas such as oxygen, and a coal slurry. To avoid deposition of slag and ash particles along the hot, exposed face of the burner, a dynamic fluid blanket or barrier is directed transversely of the burner face. The fluid flow originates at the burner periphery and is addressed to sweep, or impinge against at least a part of the burner face adjacent to the central opening which defines the burner discharge port.

Abstract: A dual-purpose burner capable of utilizing either pulverized coal or liquid fuels such as heavy oil as alternate fuels, or both simultaneously, and if desired, utilizing the mixture of pulverized coal and steam or water and atomizing it to achieve a high combustion efficiency and the prevention of atmospheric pollution. The burner consists of a main body constructed of triple pipes and a screw conveyor disposed in the rear part of the main body. The main body contains primary and secondary air inlets and a port for the passage of liquid fuels or steam.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide for a coal in oil mixture a combustor or burner system in which the ash resulting from burning the mixture is of submicron particle size.The burner system comprises, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a burner section (11), a flame exit nozzle (12), a fuel nozzle section (13) and an air tube (14) by which preheated air is directed into burner section (11). Regulated air pressure is delivered to a fuel nozzle (34) in nozzle section (13) through a line (9). Means (8),(16), and (17),(29),(6),(30) and (31) are provided for directing a mixture of coal particles and oil from a drum (15) to a nozzle (34) of FIG. 2 at a desired rate and pressure while a means (19) returns excess fuel to the fuel drum (15). Means (25) is provided for keeping the coal particles uniformly distributed in the coal in oil mixture in fuel drum (15). Means (29), (30), and (31) provide for stable fuel pressure supply from fuel pump (8) to fuel nozzle (34).

Abstract: The outline of a tangentially-fired furnace combustion chamber is arranged to show a representative windbox in one corner of the furnace. The secondary air is disclosed as supplied through one set of vertically tiltable nozzles mounted in the windbox. The secondary air supply conduit is mounted to feed the tiltable nozzles. The secondary air supply conduit section adjacent to the nozzles has straightening vanes forming channels in which independently controlled louvers regulate the total cross-sectional area of the channels to maintain the desired velocity of the secondary air through the nozzles.

Abstract: A pulverized coal-fired burner having a longitudinally elongated coal delivery pipe through which a stream of pulverized coal entrained in air is passed into the furnace and at least two air plenum chambers, one along the top and one along the bottom of the coal delivery pipe, connected in fluid communication with the interior of the coal delivery pipe at the discharge end thereof. A high pressure working fluid, such as air or flue gas, is passed through the plenum chambers into the coal delivery pipe so as to impinge against the coal-air stream passing therethrough thereby causing the coal-air stream to be deflected away from the longitudinal axis of the coal delivery pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a directioned and controlled suspension spray of a pulverous material and reaction gas in such a manner that the reaction gas directed along one, often horizontally approaching channel is divided into three or more partial channels by means of mainly radial partition walls. When necessary, guide blades or a venturi-like mixing and guide member is used. The reaction gas is deflected so as to have the desired direction, often vertically downwards so as to be parallel to the central axis of the reaction chamber, such as a flash-smelting furnace. The thus formed partial flows of reaction gas are often caused, furthermore, to discharge, divided further into two or more parts, as an annular flow encircling on each side the member for feeding pulverous material, situated in the middle of the flow, into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: Combustor and process for burning particularized oil shale by preburning separate fine and coarse particle feedstreams prior to mixing in the main combustion zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for firing a kiln as well as a method for producing cement clinker in which pulverized coal is initially entrained in an airflow of about 2% of the theoretical amount of air needed to combust the coal and transport it to a burner. Supplemental primary air heated sufficiently to vaporize volatiles in the coal is mixed with the coal flow in a burner, discharged into the kiln and hence ignited. Secondary combustion air heated to between 800.degree. F. to 1650.degree. F. and more is added in the kiln to effect the substantially complete combustion of the pulverized coal in the kiln.

Abstract: A rotary kiln (16) fired with pulverized coal as the primary fuel with the firing system including a burner (22) capable of utilizing coal, gas or oil. The firing system and burner are such as to provide particular ratio of burner discharge area to primary air flow for coal firing so as not to contaminate the kiln product during coal firing operation.

Abstract: A fuel burning kiln and process especially adapted for utilizing solid fuel in which one or more burners are accommodated within the kiln and a fuel and air mixture and a supplementary air supply are supplied to the combustion chamber of the burner through a pair of conduits arranged in heat exchange relationship one inside the other.

Abstract: A burner for combustion of powdery fuels. The burner has a core-air tube with a centrically arranged ignition device, a dust tube surrounding the core-air tube, and a mantle-air tube which surrounds the dust tube and is provided with an axially displaceable twist blade ring or impeller, arranged at its air inlet, as well as a burner opening which widens conically toward the combustion chamber. A dust-ignition burner is arranged concentrically in a core-air tube, and comprises an ignition-dust tube arranged concentrically around an igniter, and a mantle-air tube which surrounds the ignition-dust tube for the ignition-dust flame and is provided with an axially displaceable twist blade ring or impeller, arranged at its air inlet, as well as a conically widening outlet. The conical angle of the dust-ignition burner outlet is equal to or greater than the conical angle of the outlet of the main burner. The dust-ignition burner outlet terminates before the beginning of the conical widening of the main burner.