Abstract: A controlled kiln and manufacturing system for biochar production includes control systems and subsystems. An example controlled kiln (100) includes a drum (200), a lid (120) and a floor (250) together forming a combustion chamber configured to contain feedstock for conversion into biochar. A catalytic converter (700) may be operatively coupled with an outlet of the kiln (100). A monitor and control subsystem may be operative to issue notifications or automatically end biochar conversion. A ventilation and exhaust system including independently controllable air inlet ports (240), a chimney (300) and smoke inlet pipes (330) enables regulation of smoke flow from a combustion chamber of the kiln while a heat exchanger (1000) enables providing exhaust heat to one or more secondary applications.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a waste gasification and melting furnace that promotes the drying and pyrolytic decomposition of waste in the shaft section, making it possible to limit the conveyance of moisture and volatile components to the bottom of the blast furnace and to reduce the consumption of extra coke.

Abstract: A mixed-fuel vacuum burner-reactor includes a primary combustion chamber having a conical interior and a first set of directing blades. The conical interior is connected to an intake manifold on one end and a reduction nozzle on the other end. Injectors are mounted perpendicularly to the reduction nozzle to inject a second fuel into the primary combustion chamber. The reduction nozzle is connected to a cylindrical secondary combustion chamber having a second set of directing blades configured to direct air into the secondary combustion chamber. Methods of efficiently burning mixed fuels in a triple-vortex vacuum burner-reactor are also disclosed. Vacuum conditions are created and fuels are introduced into a conical primary combustion chamber. The fuels are passed over a first set of directing blades to form three vortices before additional fuels are injected in a direction opposite to a direction of rotation of the first set of fuels.

Abstract: In a combustible energy recycling system and its method, the system includes an airtight incinerator body, a gas intake module and a blower. The incinerator body is filled with a combustible waste material, and the gas intake module installed in the incinerator body includes gas intake pipes, and one of the gas intake pipes is an ignition pipe for igniting the waste material in the incinerator body for a smoldering combustion, and an air outlet pipe of the blower is interconnected to the gas intake module for guiding outside air into the incinerator body, such that the outside air can move slowly upward with a high-temperature dense smoke produced in the smoldering combustion and surround every cross-section in the incinerator body for a uniform smoldering combustion, and a gas containing combustible energy in the dense smoke can be guided to a gas recycling mechanism for recycling and reusing the gas.

Abstract: A wood burning hydronic heater comprises a primary firebox into which the wood is loaded and wherein initial combustion occurs. The heater also includes a secondary combustion chamber below the primary firebox into which the combustible gases from the primary firebox are forced and into which a fresh air stream is passed to burn the gases. A primary heat exchanger downstream of the secondary combustion chamber is adapted to reduce the temperature of the exhaust exiting from the secondary combustion chamber. A catalytic combustor, located in a chamber downstream of the secondary combustion chamber and primary heat exchanger, completes combustion and reduces emissions.

Abstract: A gasification system is disclosed having a combustion or reaction vessel, a scrubber housing, and a filter housing. A carbonaceous fuel is partially combusted in the reaction vessel to generate a combustible gas. An improved ash support and removal system reduces clogging and other problems in the reaction vessel. The combustible gas passes through the scrubber housing to remove matter such as tar and oil, and the scrubbed gas passes through a hybrid blower to the filter housing. Wood chips are used in the filter housing to provide a relatively clean, dry gas. Wastewater and other waste products from the scrubber housing and filter housing are captured and returned to the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A gasification system having a combustor vessel, an optional scrubber vessel, an optional fixer vessel, an optional cyclone vessel and an optional demister vessel. A wide variety of possibly moist solid or semi-solid carbonaceous fuels may be partially combusted in the combustor to generate a combustible gas and a mineral ash. An improved ash support and removal subsystem reduces clogging and other problems. The combustible gas is conveyed by optional heavy-duty blowers through the optional vessels to remove liquids and particulates and to undergo catalytic chemical reactions to provide a relatively clean, dry, highly-combustible hydrocarbon gas that captures a relatively high fraction of the potential heating value of the fuel. Internal gases, liquids and particulates from the vessels may be recycled inside the system to improve efficiency and prevent liquid waste. A portion of the internal liquids may also be extracted for other uses.

Abstract: This bio-fuel furnace includes a combustion unit and separate fuel feed unit mounted atop the combustion unit. The combustion unit includes a cylindrical burn pot, a preheat module, an expansion bowl and a primary heat exchanger supported by an inner frame and enclosed by an outer casing. The preheat module is a rectangular box having an internal spiral baffle. The burn pot is seated within a central opening in the preheat module. The expansion bowl is seated atop the preheat module and the primary heat exchanger is mounted above the expansion bowl. An inlet fan blows inlet air through the preheat module and into the burn pot and an outlet fan draws exhaust air around the primary heat exchanger from the combustion unit. The fuel feed unit has an internal storage bin and a rotating scoop arm deposits the bio fuel into the combustion unit.

Abstract: A bio-mass fueled boiler operating at delivered efficiencies in excess of 90%. Pre-heated, pressurized primary combustion air is supplied to a primary burn chamber via horizontal and vertical orifice containing conduits. Exhaust gases are directed past a reflective secondary burner supplying pre-heated, pressurized secondary combustion air into a secondary burn/ash collection chamber. Exhaust gases are directed from the secondary burn chamber via exhaust conduits having axial and cross-sectional shapes and wall geometries that promote internal turbulence and heat transfer. One or more gas/oil fired burners are fitted to or between the primary and secondary combustion chambers. Several operating modes are provided via associated blowers, air baffles, liquid and gas fuel conduits, pumps and sundry stove sensors and servos coupled to microprocessor control circuitry.

Abstract: A overfiring air port of the present invention is to supply an incomplete combustion region with air making up for combustion-shortage, in a furnace in which the incomplete combustion region less than stoichiometric ratio is formed by a burner. Furthermore, the airport is characterized by comprising: a nozzle mechanism for injecting air including an axial velocity component of an air flow and a radial velocity component directed to a center line of the airport; and a control mechanism for controlling a ratio of these velocity components.

Abstract: A method is provided for regulating the output of a solid fuel furnace having primary and secondary combustion chambers arranged adjacent to each other, in particular one above the other or side by side, and are separated from each other by a partition in the floor or wall but are nevertheless connected to each other by at least one partition opening. The secondary combustion chamber is connected through a secondary exhaust-gas channel to a flue-gas passage, and the primary combustion chamber is connected to the flue-gas passage by a transition opening, wherein the transition opening can be closed at least partially by a flue-gas flap. Both a primary air supply and a secondary air supply are provided. A first temperature sensor is arranged in the secondary exhaust-gas channel and controls the primary air volume flow as a function of the temperature in the secondary exhaust-gas channel, while the secondary air volume flow is held substantially constant.

Abstract: An adjustable riffler can be used in a piping system connecting a pulverizer and a furnace. The adjustable riffler includes a support member, at least two plates spaced apart along an axis, and at least one inclined flange. The two plates include a fixed plate attached to the support member and a translatable plate positioned adjacent to the fixed plate. The translatable plate is translatable along the axis with respect to the fixed plate. The at least one inclined flange is connected to one of the fixed plate and the translatable plate and extends along the axis between the plates to form a channel between the fixed plate and the translatable plate.

Abstract: An Overfire Air (OFA) port design and method for use in a furnace system is disclosed. The OFA port design effectively reduces the amount of harmful pollutants emitted into the atmosphere upon discharge from an associated furnace.

Abstract: An adjustable device installed at the inlet of conventional junctions/splitters (116) for on-line control of the distribution of coal among the outlet pipes is herein disclosed. The device includes a plurality of wake inducing airfoils (60) each positioned upstream of a plurality of flow channels in the riffler (50) for directing coal flow to the outlet pipes. Each wake-inducing airfoil has a cross-section defined by a width W that varies along its length H for creating upstream turbulence, and a particle wake that preferentially diverts the coal flow to one of the outlet pipes at the splitter junction without affecting primary air flow. For example, each wake inducing airfoil may comprise a rounded convex edge leading to straight tapered sides. The surfaces of the sides may be roughened or textured (63) for promoting turbulent boundary layers. In addition, conventional fixed or variable orifices may be used in combination with the wake inducing airfoils for balancing primary air flow rates.

Abstract: An incinerator capable of fully preventing dioxins from being released, and has high fuel economy with less fuel consumption. The basic constitution of the incinerator is such that entire gas volume including unburned gas generated in a first combustion chamber (A) is temporarily collected in a gas collecting chamber (B), and the entire gas volume including unburned gas is introduced from the gas collecting chamber (B) into a second combustion chamber (C), while complete combustion is achieved by burning only the gas in the second combustion chamber (C).

Abstract: A mixer having two or more concentric cylindrical flow channels is placed in a supply conduit for a combustion chamber to mix airborne particulate coal prior to entering a manifold supplying four parallel branch conduits. Vanes are mounted in the mixer channels for imparting spin to the coal/air flow. The spin direction in one channel is opposite the spin direction of the adjacent channels(s). A turbulence-producing transition section is located downstream of the mixer.

Abstract: An adjustable device installed at the inlet of conventional junctions/splitters (116) for on-line control of the distribution of coal among the outlet pipes is herein disclosed. The device includes a plurality of flow control elements (60) each positioned upstream of a plurality of flow channels in the riffler (50) for directing coal flow to the outlet pipes. Each flow control element preferably comprises a rounded convex edge leading to straight tapered sides (FIG. 9). The surfaces of the sides may be roughened or textured (63) for promoting turbulent boundary layers (FIG. 9). In addition, conventional fixed or variable orifices may be used in combination with the flow control elements for balancing primary air flow rates. The device allows fine-adjustment control of coal flow rates when used in combination with the slotted riffler, yet it has negligible effect on the distribution of primary air.

Abstract: An incinerator includes a peripheral wall having a top end and formed with an inlet at the top end and an outlet below the inlet, a bowl-shaped grate disposed between the inlet and the outlet, a plurality of laterally extending baffles extending from a bottom end of the grate to the peripheral wall, and a plurality of vertically extending baffles disposed between the peripheral wall and the grate.

Abstract: This invention provides a refuse incinerator capable of extinguishing smoke and odor of exhaust gas emitted from, combustion of the refuse just after incineration of the refuse is started. Exhaust gas outlets are provided in a furnace lid of the incineration furnace, an exhaust gas chamber is provided such that the furnace lid is used as part of a bottom wall thereof and an exhaust gas introduction pipe is provided to communicate between the exhaust gas chamber and a combustion chamber. Exhaust gas emitted into the exhaust gas chamber is introduced into the combustion chamber and burnt so as to extinguish the smoke and odor. Because the combustion chamber reaches high temperatures just after the incineration of the refuse is started, the smoke and odor of the exhaust gas are extinguished just after the incineration of the refuse is started.

Abstract: A waste incineration machine capable of rendering a waste gas occurring during the combustion of waste smokeless and odorless. A heat insulating wall to which a first far infrared ray radiator is fixed is provided so as to surround a combustion furnace and a combustion chamber, and a heat exchanger so as to surround the heat insulating wall. An inner flue is formed between the heat insulating wall and combustion furnace, and an outer flue serving as a waste gas convection chamber between the heat insulating wall and heat exchanger. An upper part of a communication portion between the inner and outer flues is covered with a heat insulating member constituting a second far infrared ray radiator so as to subject the waste gas to secondary heating using far infrared rays, and thereby to render the waste gas smokeless and odorless.

Abstract: A waste management incinerator has a combustion chamber with a number of U-shaped air supply pipes protruding toward the chamber center. A number of air supply branch pipes are installed on the air supply pipes for supplying air to the combustion chamber to form a vortex-like current circulating in the combustion chamber so as to minimize imperfect combustion. Each air supply pipe is double-structured, having a water pipe connected to an air chamber with the air supply branch pipes located inside penetrating through the water pipe.

Abstract: An arrangement for burning refuse in which the refuse is deposited on a grate and transported to a drop-out shaft. A part of the air supplied for burning the refuse is transmitted as primary air from below the grate. A part of the air is also blown into a combustion chamber as secondary air. The resulting flue gas from the combustion is moved in a direct or parallel stream with the refuse to an end region of the combustion chamber, and deflected in direction and injected through an opening in a flue gas channel having a vertical center plane and two channel halves on both sides of the plane. At least a secondary air stream is blown into blown channel halves in the region of the channel opening, mirror-symmetrically to the center plane. The second air stream is blown in with a rotary pulse relative to a center axis of a cross-section of the channel halves. Two oppositely rotating swirls are generated by the secondary air streams in the channel halves symmetrically to the vertical center plane.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for burning fossil fuel, for instance oil, gas, coal, biogas formed from organic waste, or the like, which apparatus comprises combustion means for burning this fuel in addition to converting means for converting the energy becoming available in this combustion into a desired form of energy, for instance a burner which can transfer the combustion heat to a heat exchanger for heating of heating medium, air or mains water, which apparatus further comprises a supply conduit for combustion air and a discharge conduit for flue gases.

Abstract: Apparatus for installation in an associated coal pipe for directing pulverized coal to an associated furnace assembly that includes a housing having an inlet, an outlet, and an access port intermediate the inlet and the outlet. The apparatus also includes a generally circular orifice, a tray dimensioned and configured for carrying and engaging the orifice and apparatus. The chamber is generally aligned with the access port and is dimensioned and configured for receiving the tray with the orifice carried thereon. The apparatus in the housing defining a chamber allows sliding movement of the tray with the orifice carried thereon into and out of the chamber through the access port.

Abstract: An apparatus for the combustion and/or decomposition of fuel by heat, especially of solid fuels such as peat, coal, wood, straw or garbage, comprising a fuel supply and air supply to a bar grate which is used as combustion site and cooperates with material loosening means in the form of disks, prongs or the like which extend through the grate interstices and are mounted on a support member which extends transversely to the grate bars, in which the disks are reciprocable relative to the grate bars in the direction towards the same. The material loosening disks are fitted onto support members each in the form of a support rod of substantially rectangular cross-section such that the disks are individually displaceable in the direction of the support rod.

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for incorporating an incandescent filter for products of combustion in the combustion chamber of a furnace including a grate and an exit slot for products of combustion located above the level of the grate. Incandescent coals from the fuel being burned obstruct the exit slot, and products of combustion must pass through the incandescent coals. In one aspect, water tubes line the walls of the combustion chamber, primary combustion air is admitted between the tubes, and the admission of secondary air is controlled to maintain an incandescent bed of coals through which products of combustion must be drawn to exit the furnace. In another aspect, a reciprocating grate is provided, and primary combustion air penetrates the bed of fuel from below. Products of combustion pass back through a portion of the burning fuel maintained at incandescence by the admission of secondary air upwardly through the reciprocating grate.

Abstract: In a steam generating boiler having a bottom wall supporting a char bed and sidewalls with ports through which air is admitted for combustion of combustible species in the char bed and emanating therefrom, combustion is improved by introducing an oxygen-containing gas into a lower central zone of the boiler, from at least one point remote from the sidewalls to thereby cause intimate mixing of the oxygen contained in the gas with the combustible species.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for infrasonically intensifying a glow bed (13), supported by a grate (12). In order to improve the beneficial effect of sound on combustion the bed of fuel, located on the grate, is exposed to a high particle velocity of a sound positively produced by an external low frequency sound generator (11) the frequency of which is determined by the sound generator, to provide a reciprocating movement of combustion air and combustion gas through the glow bed. The dimensions of the grate in a plane transverse to the reciprocating movement of combustion air and combustion gas are less than a quarter of the wave-length of the sound generated by the sound generator.

Abstract: Solid fuel such as coal is fed into an inlet shaft of the furnace through a rotary feeder constructed to prevent the admission of air. Primary air channels supply the major part of the air required for combustion of the fuel in a region in which the fuel bed is sufficiently thick to avoid disturbance and the formation of "holes" by this air. Further, narrower air channels supply sufficient, diffused and low velocity air to complete the combustion of the fuel without substantial entrainment of grit and ash. Air is prevented from flowing in contact with the fuel up stream of the primary channels and the metering edge.

Abstract: A water heating stove, comprises a fire box substantially surrounded by a water jacket through which water to be heated circulates. The fire box is completely closed by sealing, loading and clean out doors, to provide that the only access for combustion air is a special aperture below the fire, controlled by a thermostatically operated damper. The fire box bottom wall is inclined to allow drainage of water condensates without losing combustion air flow control, via a water trap. The stove includes a heat transfer coil through which water is circulated to supply hot water.