Abstract: The invention provides a burner configured for use with a dryer for drying aggregates, the burner comprising: a burner chamber (3) is which is mounted a fuel-atomising burner nozzle (3.32) and means for conveying fuel to the burner nozzle; means providing a flow of air through the burner chamber and into the combustion chamber; a combustion chamber (4) in which the fuel is burnt; the combustion chamber (4) having an opening at an upstream end thereof communicating with the burner chamber (3) and an opening at a downstream end thereof for passing combustion gases and heated air into a drying chamber of the dryer; the burner nozzle (3.32) being arranged to direct a flow of atomised fuel into the combustion chamber; a first airflow modifier device (3.11) mounted in or across the opening at the upstream end of the combustion chamber such that there is a gap constituting an air escape channel around a periphery of the first airflow modifier device, the first airflow modifier device (4.

Abstract: A pulverized coal boiler of the present invention is structured so as to form, among upper and lower after-air nozzles, an opening serving as an outlet of the lower after-air nozzle positioned on the upstream side is formed in a rectangular shape, a cylindrical section for defining a minimum flow path area of combustion air flowing through a flow path of the after-air nozzle is installed inside of the lower after-air nozzles along the flow path of the lower after-air nozzle, and a swirl blade for giving a swirl force to the combustion air flowing through the flow path of the after-air nozzles is installed inside of the cylindrical section, and the flow path of the lower after-air nozzles is formed so that a flow path area of the flow path of the after-air nozzles through which the combustion air flows from a position where the cylindrical section is installed toward the opening of each of the lower after-air nozzles is expanded.

Abstract: To achieve an improvement in concentration distribution in a vertical direction at an inlet of a pulverized coal distributor and uniformly distribute pulverized coal to respective pulverized coal burners.

Abstract: A flow splitter for distributing solid particles flowing in a fluid through a piping system includes a divider housing. The divider housing has an inlet configured to connect to an upstream pipe and has a plurality of outlets, each outlet being configured to connect to a respective downstream pipe. A divider body is mounted within the divider housing. A plurality of divider vanes are included, each extending from the divider body to the divider housing. The divider housing, divider body, and divider vanes are configured and adapted to reduce non-uniformity in particle concentration from the inlet and to supply a substantially equal particle flow to each outlet.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for on-line coal flow control in vertical spindle mills comprising a plurality of independently adjustable flow control elements and positioning rods that adjust the positioning of those flow control elements. Each flow control element is positioned within the discharge turret of the vertical spindle mill along the outer wall of the discharge turret proximate the entrance to its corresponding coal outlet pipe. The adjustable rods are seated on the side or top of the discharge turret of the coal pulverizer and are connected to the flow control element horizontally or vertically as the case may be. The flow control elements can be independently rotated by +/?90 degrees about the positioning rod axis, moved back and forth in the horizontal plane, and can also be moved up and down in the vertical plane. Therefore, each flow control element has three degrees-of-freedom: one rotational and two linear displacements.

Abstract: A secondary air flow biasing apparatus for a CFB combustion system includes a sorbent feed path configured to convey processed sorbent particles to a CFB furnace by utilizing a portion of secondary combustion air supplied to the furnace; a first air injection port disposed within a wall of a lower portion of the furnace, at a first elevation above a primary air distribution grate of the furnace; a second air injection port disposed within the wall of the lower portion of the furnace, at a second elevation above the first elevation; and an air/sorbent separation device in fluid communication with the sorbent feed path, the separation device configured to separate a substantial portion of the secondary combustion air from the processed sorbent particles such that a relatively lean sorbent-to-air mixture is introduced through the second air injection port and a relatively rich sorbent-to-air mixture is introduced through the first air injection port.

Abstract: A overfiring air port of the present invention is to supply an incomplete combustion region with air making up for combustion-shortage, in a furnace in which the incomplete combustion region less than stoichiometric ratio is formed by a burner. Furthermore, the airport is characterized by comprising: a nozzle mechanism for injecting air including an axial velocity component of an air flow and a radial velocity component directed to a center line of the airport; and a control mechanism for controlling a ratio of these velocity components.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for on-line coal flow control in vertical spindle mills comprising a plurality of independently adjustable flow control elements and positioning rods that adjust the positioning of those flow control elements. Each flow control element is positioned within the discharge turret of the vertical spindle mill along the outer wall of the discharge turret proximate the entrance to its corresponding coal outlet pipe. The adjustable rods are seated on the side of the discharge turret of the coal pulverizer and are connected to the flow control element horizontally. The flow control elements can be independently rotated by +/?90 degrees about the positioning rod axis, and can also be moved back and forth in the horizontal plane. Therefore, each flow control element has two degrees-of-freedom: rotational and linear displacements. The apparatus improves boiler performance by making it possible to operate the boiler with reduced pollutant levels (e.g. NOx, CO) and increased combustion efficiency.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus for recovering heat according to the present invention comprising a combustion tank for burning fuel contained in the interior by combustion air supplied from the exterior, characterized in that: a combustion chamber surrounded by an inner wall for burning fuel is defined in said combustion tank; a swirl flow supply chamber for supplying a combustion air into said combustion chamber is defined around the outer circumference of the inner wall of said combustion tank; a combustion air supply passage for supplying combustion air from said swirl flow supply chamber into said combustion chamber is defined on the inner wall of said combustion tank; said combustion air supply passage is slanted at a predetermined angle to the vertical direction of the inner face of the inner wall in said combustion tank; and the combustion air generates a swirl flow in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A device for optimizing coal-air proportions entering a furnace is disclosed. The invention generally comprises a burner nozzle having two ends and an outer tube forming a perimeter of the burner nozzle; an entry spool having a rear wall and defining an inlet port at one of the ends of the burner nozzle; an inner tube formed within the burner nozzle; an annular blade chamber defined between the outer tube and the inner tube; and, a blade formed within the blade chamber configured as an extension of the rear wall of the entry spool, the blade twisted to form a spiral around the inner tube, wherein fuel particles can be separated from a primary air stream and collected on the blade to form a coal-concentrated stream for entry into the furnace. As a result, three separate streams are injected into the furnace, thereby minimizing NOx through the concentration of solid fuel.

Abstract: An Overfire Air (OFA) port design and method for use in a furnace system is disclosed. The OFA port design effectively reduces the amount of harmful pollutants emitted into the atmosphere upon discharge from an associated furnace.

Abstract: An adjustable device installed at the inlet of conventional junctions/splitters (116) for on-line control of the distribution of coal among the outlet pipes is herein disclosed. The device includes a plurality of wake inducing airfoils (60) each positioned upstream of a plurality of flow channels in the riffler (50) for directing coal flow to the outlet pipes. Each wake-inducing airfoil has a cross-section defined by a width W that varies along its length H for creating upstream turbulence, and a particle wake that preferentially diverts the coal flow to one of the outlet pipes at the splitter junction without affecting primary air flow. For example, each wake inducing airfoil may comprise a rounded convex edge leading to straight tapered sides. The surfaces of the sides may be roughened or textured (63) for promoting turbulent boundary layers. In addition, conventional fixed or variable orifices may be used in combination with the wake inducing airfoils for balancing primary air flow rates.

Abstract: A fuel supply duct, which supplies a mixed fluid of a solid fuel and carrier gas to one or more burners provided on the walls of a furnace, is provided with a branching part, and each of a plurality of branch ducts, which branch out from the branching part, is connected to a corresponding burner. Also a damper, with which the tilt angle with respect to the direction of flow of the mixed fluid can be changed, is positioned in the fuel supply duct at the upstream side of the branching part so that a mutual difference will arise in the solid fuel concentrations of the mixed fluid supplied to the respective branch ducts. A fuel distributor for fuel supply duct is thus arranged. The tilt angle of the above-mentioned damper is adjusted to increase the concentration of solid fuel in the mixed fluid supplied to a specific burner. At a burner to which the high solid fuel concentration is supplied, stability of ignition and stable combustion of the ignited flame can be obtained during low load operation.

Abstract: An incinerator capable of fully preventing dioxins from being released, and has high fuel economy with less fuel consumption. The basic constitution of the incinerator is such that entire gas volume including unburned gas generated in a first combustion chamber (A) is temporarily collected in a gas collecting chamber (B), and the entire gas volume including unburned gas is introduced from the gas collecting chamber (B) into a second combustion chamber (C), while complete combustion is achieved by burning only the gas in the second combustion chamber (C).

Abstract: A mixer having two or more concentric cylindrical flow channels is placed in a supply conduit for a combustion chamber to mix airborne particulate coal prior to entering a manifold supplying four parallel branch conduits. Vanes are mounted in the mixer channels for imparting spin to the coal/air flow. The spin direction in one channel is opposite the spin direction of the adjacent channels(s). A turbulence-producing transition section is located downstream of the mixer.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to high temperature burners such as a solid fuel burner of the type commonly referred to as a gasifier or gasifier combustor. The invention includes a refractory wall structure having an array of tubular members. Refractory material is arranged about the tubular members so that the tubular members protrude from a wall defined by the refractory material by a distance smaller than the diameter of the tubular members.

Abstract: An adjustable device installed at the inlet of conventional junctions/splitters (116) for on-line control of the distribution of coal among the outlet pipes is herein disclosed. The device includes a plurality of flow control elements (60) each positioned upstream of a plurality of flow channels in the riffler (50) for directing coal flow to the outlet pipes. Each flow control element preferably comprises a rounded convex edge leading to straight tapered sides (FIG. 9). The surfaces of the sides may be roughened or textured (63) for promoting turbulent boundary layers (FIG. 9). In addition, conventional fixed or variable orifices may be used in combination with the flow control elements for balancing primary air flow rates. The device allows fine-adjustment control of coal flow rates when used in combination with the slotted riffler, yet it has negligible effect on the distribution of primary air.

Abstract: A waste incineration machine capable of rendering a waste gas occurring during the combustion of waste smokeless and odorless. A heat insulating wall to which a first far infrared ray radiator is fixed is provided so as to surround a combustion furnace and a combustion chamber, and a heat exchanger so as to surround the heat insulating wall. An inner flue is formed between the heat insulating wall and combustion furnace, and an outer flue serving as a waste gas convection chamber between the heat insulating wall and heat exchanger. An upper part of a communication portion between the inner and outer flues is covered with a heat insulating member constituting a second far infrared ray radiator so as to subject the waste gas to secondary heating using far infrared rays, and thereby to render the waste gas smokeless and odorless.

Abstract: A register for use in conjunction with kraft recovery boilers or bark-fired boilers utilizes a pair of shaped damper foils to reduce turbulence and induce laminar flow of air from an associated windbox through a port in the boiler. The foils are mounted for constant minimal separation from an exit nozzle to reduce transitional discontinuities which induce turbulence. A curved plenum is also provided to reduce internal turbulence within the plenum.

Abstract: The present invention is a portable incineration apparatus. The portable incinerator includes a box having four walls with a top and bottom opening. The inside of the walls are lined with a layer of refractory material to form a combustion chamber in combination with the bottom opening which is placed on the ground. A source of high velocity air is in communication with a manifold assembly which is adapted to direct an effective sheet or curtain of high velocity air across the top opening and down into the combustion chamber to maintain a substantially uniform discharge rate of the high velocity air as it exits the manifold assembly along the top opening. The uniform curtain of air over the top opening limits the amount of smoke, ash and other particulate released into the atmosphere during the burning process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the extraction of heat and smoke from a fuel burn in a firebox. The design is for the firebox exhaust area to be wrapped with its own hot exhaust gases, for smoke extraction, and then, for heat extraction, have all of the outer surface of a stove, fireplace or furnace exposed to said hot exhaust gases. Such a wrap-around design burns smoke form said exhaust gases, holds a high temperature in the firebox area, for good combustion, and increases the efficiency of heat extraction by using all of the outer surface of the stove, fireplace or furnace as a high temperature heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heater for burning combustible pelletized fuel. The pelletized fuel is delivered at a controllable rate to a double-walled burn pot in an enclosed combustion chamber. Combustion air is injected into the combustion chamber at a pressure higher than the ambient air pressure surrounding the heater. Combustion air is injected between the walls of the burn pot through ports in the inner wall into the fuel at or slightly below the top of the fuel level. Additional combustion air is injected approximately horizontally across the top of the burn pot through an injection air manifold. Crossfire injection air is injected approximately vertically about the periphery of the burn pot, confining fumes and exhaust air directly above the burn pot. Heated exhaust gasses rise to the top of the combustion chamber and are drawn from the combustion chamber through a heat exchange unit surrounding the combustion chamber. The exhaust gasses are drawn from the combustion chamber by suction created by and extraction air mechanism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gasification burner for heating apparatus (boiler, hot air generator or the like) which uses solid fuel. The gasification burner is placed generally at the center of the hearth of the heating apparatus to achieve gasification of the solid fuel before its transformation into charcoal or coals.

Abstract: A solid fuel furnace having an oscillating grate plate solid fuel burner therein wherein the grate plates are in a stepped arrangement and every other plate moves together, in an opposite direction from the adjacent plates so that the solid fuel is kept moving down the step grate positively. Additionally, the solid fuel burner is mounted in a furnace housing which is designed to utilize the hot combustion gases to preheat incoming or makeup air for a blower used for supply air flow for heating. Baffles are used to provide a substantially elongated path for the combustion gases to ensure adequate heat exchange in a compact space.

Abstract: The underfeed stoker has a retort (6) which is located at a height `h`, an arch having a minimum width `w`. The ratio of the minimum width `w` to the height `h` is greater than 1.5 and less than 2.

Abstract: A burner for use in burning granulated solid fuel including a burner head having a combustion chamber and inlet and outlet openings at opposite ends thereof communicated with the combustion chamber. Means is provided to deliver granulated solid fuel to the inlet opening and means is provided for delivering primary combustion air to the inlet opening. The primary combustion air is preheated by passing along the burner head prior to entry to the inlet opening and a pilot assembly in the combustion chamber maintains a constant pilot during turndown of the burner. A retention barrier in the combustion chamber retains fuel particles larger than a predetermined size in the combustion chamber to insure complete incineration thereof.

Abstract: A controlled air incinerator includes a primary and secondary combustion chamber. Combustion by-products from the primary chamber are exhausted to the secondary chamber. In the secondary chamber a source of auxilliary heat is provided to maintain the temperature in that chamber at a point which is sufficiently high to fully combust any particulate and unwanted gaseous matter. The secondary combustion vessel is provided with a baffle means for increasing the residence time of combustion by-products in the secondary chamber. The baffle means comprises an arch preferably oriented concave downwardly, the inlet to the secondary chamber being situated beneath the arch. The baffle means means increases residence time and increases the turbulence of gases passing through the secondary chamber.

Abstract: A rectangular air inlet control plate is pivotably mounted in the air intake passage of a forced air furnace to control the air intake volume and, thereby, insure optimal combustion of the fuel in the furnace. The plate is adjustably counter-balanced to a closed position and is further adjusted to allow the optimum volume of air intake during operation of the forced air furnace. The rectangular shape of the plate provides for fast opening and closing of the air intake during startup and shutdown transients, since the actuation angle of the plate is reduced in proportion to its length. The plate is mounted in a funnel-shaped air intake structure to reduce the noise and allow a maximum volume of air to enter the intake. A windscreen is mounted on the funnel-shaped air intake in order to act as a turbulence breaker for the incoming air, and also to prevent ingestion of large debris into the air intake.

Abstract: A draft air deflecting device is mountable proximate to a window contained in a firebox and serves as a conduit which directs draft air across the inner surface of the window prior to its supporting combustion of the fuel in the firebox. In this respect, the draft air deflecting device is formed as a box which communicates with draft air holes located in the firebox and which includes a forwardly extending lip serving to define a nozzle for both increasing the velocity and directing the incoming draft air across the firebox window. The incoming draft air is thus utilized to cool and to prevent soot, creosote and other particulates from accumulating on the window.