Abstract: The invention relates to a method for rolling a metal product (1), wherein the metal product is subjected to a rolling operation at a first station (2), which rolling operation is controlled by a control device (3), wherein the product (1) is subject to a measurement at a second station (4), wherein the product (1) is subjected to a further processing operation at a third station (6), and wherein the product (1) is in a specified quality at a fourth station (7).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the positioning of a corrosion-resistant coating on an internal or external metal wall (20) of a fluid catalytic cracking unit chamber, comprising: (i) the shaping of a metal anchoring structure (10) formed from a plurality of strips (12) assembled in pairs by joining assembly portions (121, 122) so as to form a plurality of cells (14), the anchoring structure comprising a plurality of fastening tabs (16) integral with strip portions other than assembly portions, (ii) the fastening of said anchoring structure (10) by welding the free edge (18) of a part at least of the fastening tabs to the metal wall (20), defining a space between a longitudinal edge (12b) of an anchoring structure and the metal wall, (iii) the insertion of a composite material into the cells (14) from the metal wall (20) and at least up to the upper longitudinal edge (12a) of each strip.

Abstract: A modular outdoor fireplace and brick oven system is configured to be easily transportable and assembled. The modular system has a chimney unit and at least one modular unit. The modular unit may be one of an oven unit and a fireplace unit. The chimney unit and at least one modular unit are uniquely aligned using a plurality of alignment means. The alignment means are disposed between the assembled units on a top surface and a bottom surface of each modular unit and the chimney unit. The modular units are designed to allow airflow from each modular unit to reach the chimney unit. The modular units may further have lifting holes designed to easily move the modular units or assembled system with a forklift, lifting straps, and slings.

Abstract: A method for producing an annular combustion chamber of a turbojet using CMC. For this, a shaping tool with movable slides is used and said chamber is produced around the tool, thereby producing a fibrous preform of which the shape is consolidated by drape moulding on the tool and pyrolysis, which is then densified by CVI. Several slides have back drafts, at least one other of such slides having a draft or neither a draft nor a back draft. Then, the slides are removed in a predetermined order imposed by the back drafts and the relative positions of the slides.

Abstract: A decoupling mat (1) for a surface covering structure that can be covered by covering elements has a strip- or plate-shaped compensation element (2) which has upwardly projecting formations (4) arising from a lower support plane (3), which formations from an upper covering plane (6) at a distance from the lower support plane (3) and are arranged spaced apart from one another and have at least in sections an undercut (8) along their periphery. A water-permeable cover is fixed on a bottom side (12) of the lower support plane (3) and prevents penetration by a viscous adhesive into the upwardly projection formations (4). On at least some formations (4), the undercuts (8) are arranged along a region, extending in a curved manner, along a side wall of the upwardly projecting formations. A plurality of the first undercuts (8) is oriented in a first direction and a plurality of second undercuts (8) is oriented in a second direction.

Abstract: A pipe-within-a-pipe and method of use are provided. The pipe-within-a-pipe comprises a first tube overlaying a second tube. The first tube and the second tube have different structures in some respect.

Abstract: An electronic-discovery system and method, wherein content items and hold anchors are stored in a repository, tracking objects and representational anchor objects are stored in a database system, and the tracking objects represent the content items and the representational anchor objects represent the hold anchors. A first hold anchor is used for placing a hold on the content items for a first defined period of time, and a first representational anchor object and one or more of the tracking objects are used for representing and tracking the holds for the first defined period of time. When the first defined period of time expires, a second hold anchor is used for placing the hold on the content items for a second defined period of time, and a second representational anchor object and the tracking objects are used for representing and tracking the holds for the second defined period of time.

Abstract: A syngas cooler system includes a pressure vessel, a conduit, a plenum, a plenum, a conduit, and a bellows assembly. The pressure vessel includes a throat and a dome adjacent to the throat. The throat includes an area of excess heat, and the dome includes an area of deficient heat. The plenum extends between the throat and the bellows assembly. The bellows assembly is coupled at least partially within the dome. The conduit is coupled to the plenum for channeling a flow of purge fluid from external to the pressure vessel into the plenum such that purge fluid transfers heat from the area of excess heat into the area of deficient heat to facilitate reducing temperature differential stresses within the dome and the pressure vessel.

Abstract: A smelting vessel (4) for producing molten metal includes a refractory lined hearth that in use is in contact with molten slag or molten metal in the smelting vessel, and the hearth includes a plurality of heat pipes (2.1) positioned in a refractory lining of at least a part of the hearth for cooling the refractory lining.

Abstract: Glass furnace regenerators having opposed pairs of side and end walls formed of refractory blocks, wherein at last one of the side and end walls of the regenerator comprise an interlocking plurality of refractory blocks, and wherein the refractory blocks are self-supporting and load-bearing one-piece pre-cast structures of a refractory material. Tie back bars may be provided to operatively connect a wall formed of the refractory blocks to externally provided buckstays to allow relative movement between the refractor blocks forming the wall and the buckstays (e.g., as may be required due to the blocks undergoing thermal expansion during use).

Abstract: A stave comprising an outer housing, an inner pipe circuit comprising individual pipes housed within the outer housing, wherein the individual pipes each has an inlet end and an outlet end and wherein each pipe may or may not be mechanically connected to another pipe, and a manifold, integral with or disposed on or in the housing; wherein the inlet and/or outlet ends of each individual pipe is disposed in or housed by the manifold. The manifold may be made of carbon steel while the housing may be made of copper. Each of the inlet and outlet ends of each individual pipe may be surrounded in part by cast copper within a housing of the manifold.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustor includes a liner and a transmission piece. Fuel injected in the liner from a fuel nozzle of a gas turbine mixes with compressed air. High temperature gas produced in the liner is transmitted through the transmission piece. The liner is disposed in a flow sleeve in which cooling holes are formed. The transition piece is disposed in a perforated sleeve. Compressed air supplied through holes formed in the perforated sleeve collides with the transition piece. The liner includes a cooling sleeve disposed thereon that divides the air supplied through the cooling holes of the flow sleeve and the compressed air flowing to a space portion between the liner and the flow sleeve.

Abstract: An exterior insulation structure includes a first board member, first supporting members, a first thermal insulator, second supporting members disposed on the exterior side of the first supporting members, a second thermal insulator disposed on the exterior side of the first thermal insulator and between the second supporting members, securing members fixed to the exterior side of the second supporting members, and exterior wall members attached to the securing members. The adjacent exterior wall members are joined together without leaving a gap therebetween. Each securing member is long enough, in the second direction, to be fixable to at least two second supporting members and shorter, in the second direction, than each exterior wall member. A first gap is left between the securing members adjacent in the second direction. At least part of each second supporting member is made of a material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of steel.

Abstract: A process for producing an anti-erosion coating on an inner or outer metal wall of a chamber of a fluid catalytic cracking unit, comprising: (i) the shaping of a honeycomb metal anchoring structure, said anchoring structure being formed from a plurality of strips connected in pairs by joining assembly portions of these strips so as to form a plurality of cells between two adjacent strips, (ii) the fastening of said anchoring structure by welding to said metal wall, so that each cell of the anchoring structure is welded to the wall of the chamber at least at the junctions between the contiguous assembly portions of two adjacent strips, and (iii) the insertion of a composite material into the cells from the metal wall and at least up to the upper longitudinal edge of each strip.

Abstract: Interlocking panels have a top portion and side edges. Multiple panels are interlocked together mechanically along the side edges by locking features. The top portion includes a substantially planar top surface, side edges, and interlocking features. The bottom support structure is made of a shock absorption material that fits under the substantially planar top surface, thereby providing support and cushioning to the substantially planar top surface. The locking features include, for example, alternating upward/downward facing steps or key/key receivers to hold adjacent interlocking panels to each other.

Abstract: Heat exchanger and a retention element for the heat exchanger, the retention element having a receiving region and a spacing element, and the receiving region at least partially receiving the heat exchanger, wherein the receiving region has a contour which substantially corresponds to an outer contour of the heat exchanger, the receiving region having fixing means, by means of which the retention element can be fixed to the heat exchanger, the spacing element protruding outwards from the retention element and protruding beyond the outer contour of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A customizable hazardous material containment system including a plurality of rectangular fluid-capturing liners which are secured together via a plurality of overlapping side flanges which extend around the perimeter of the liners, the side-flange liner connection allowing for non-linear implementations of a hazardous material containment system. A drain port can be incorporated into the liner. The system can also be used as a secondary or tertiary hazardous material containment system.

Abstract: Process for performing an endothermic reaction in a reactor containing catalyst tubes, the catalyst tubes containing a catalyst promoting the endothermic reaction, the process comprising the steps of, a. contacting the catalyst contained in the catalyst tubes with a feed flow passing through the channels from an entrance end to an exit end, b. contacting an outer surface of the catalyst tubes with a flow of a heating medium having an initial heating temperature and flowing co-currently with the flow of feeds to heat the surface by convection, c. mixing at least part of the heating medium after having been contacted with the catalyst tubes with a flow of fresh heating medium having a start temperature higher than the initial heating temperature to form the co-current heating medium having the initial heating temperature and reactor for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A hold down mechanism for releasably securing a refractory lining to a furnace. The hold down mechanism can comprise plate segments that form a composite plate. The plate segments can comprise a first plate segment structured to articulate relative to a second plate segment. Furthermore, a gap in the hold down mechanism can be structured to adjust in response to a thermal condition of the composite plate, such as thermal expansion or thermal contraction of at least one plate segment. The composite plate can also comprise an articulation plate pivotally coupled to at least one of the first plate segment and the second plate segment via a pivot and/or a slot and pin engagement. The composite plate can further comprise a third plate segment and a second articulation plate pivotally coupled to at least one of the second plate segment and the third plate segment.

Abstract: Liner plates of mild steel layered over with chromium carbide are provided with a bi-planar spacer clip also acting as a lifting eye on the top surfaces thereof and fasteners such as bolts or studs extending from the exposed planar surface of the mild steel layer. A chain and hook arrangement is used to deliver and locate each liner plate adjacent a wall upon which the liner plates are to be mounted in vertically stacked relationship. The clips serve as spacers between vertically stacked liner plates and the fasteners extend through pre-formed holes in the wall of the delivery structure. The clips have a notched base portion which receives a weld bead running along the top exposed edge of only the mild steel layer. The clips are left in place after installation and are gradually worn away by ore traveling through the delivery structure.

Abstract: A wall lining of industrial ovens for protecting from corrosion, in particular, a heat-resistant wall made of concrete, steel, sheet metal, or the like. The lining of the wall is made of at least two layers, wherein a layer is pressurized as a blocking layer.

Abstract: A fired heater unit is disclosed having a radiant section having a high emissivity coating therein. The fired heater unit also includes a burner for mixing fuel and preheated air to produce flue gas to be used in heating operations within the unit, and a preheater for heating ambient air with the flue gas to produce the preheated air for use in the burner. Other process streams are heated with the flue gas in the radiant section and a convection section operatively connected to the radiant section prior to venting the flue gas to atmosphere. The fired heater unit, and associated processes, result in a reduction of NOx emissions over conventional systems and methods.

Abstract: A furnace insulation assembly includes a main body having a generally U-shaped cross-section. The main body includes a pair of side walls. A pair of end plates are secured to opposed ends of the main body. The end plates and the main body form an interior chamber. The end plates and side walls are made of a thermal insulation material formed from carbon fibers, said carbon fibers in each end plate and side wall are oriented against-grain direction points inwardly toward the interior chamber.

Abstract: A reactor vessel liner system includes a liner having an inner wall, an outer wall, and a plurality of passages extending between the inner wall and the outer wall. An attachment member extends outwards from the outer wall for securing the liner.

Abstract: A cladding element for device sections of incinerators consists of a lower plate (1) made of steel and an upper plate (2) made of steel, which lie one atop the other and are tightly bonded with each other at least in the edge areas. A meandering channel (3) is formed between the lower plate (1) and upper plate (2) for guiding a cooling medium through the cladding element. Either the upper plate (2) or lower plate (1) is here a milled sheet with a meandering milled slot (4), which forms the channel (3), and the side of the upper plate (2) facing away from the lower plate (1) has a weld plating (5).

Abstract: A hold down mechanism for releasably securing a refractory lining to a furnace. The hold down mechanism can comprise plate segments that form a composite plate. The plate segments can comprise a first plate segment structured to articulate relative to a second plate segment. Furthermore, a gap in the hold down mechanism can be structured to adjust in response to a thermal condition of the composite plate, such as thermal expansion or thermal contraction of at least one plate segment. The composite plate can also comprise an articulation plate pivotally coupled to at least one of the first plate segment and the second plate segment via a pivot and/or a slot and pin engagement. The composite plate can further comprise a third plate segment and a second articulation plate pivotally coupled to at least one of the second plate segment and the third plate segment.

Abstract: A method for dismantling a furnace having a multilayered refractory structure including: a furnace shell; a containing layer that is formed of a containing refractory that contains asbestos, and covers the inner side of the furnace shell; and a multilayered non-containing layer that is formed of a non-containing refractory that contains no asbestos, and covers the inner side of the containing layer, the method includes: a primary dismantling process; and a secondary dismantling process conducted after the primary dismantling process. In the primary dismantling process, the non-containing layer is dismantled from a furnace-core side thereof but the containing layer and at least one layer of the layers forming the non-containing layer, which is in contact with the containing layer, are left as a remnant. In the secondary dismantling process, the remnant is dismantled while asbestos measures are implemented.

Abstract: A reversible jamb block for a furnace, oven or kiln, having an attachment side adapted to removably attach to the first side of a doorway for the furnace, oven or kiln, and adapted to removably attach to the second side of the doorway, such that one face of the jamb block is directed away from the furnace when the attachment side of the jamb block is attached to the first side of the doorway, and a second face opposite the first face, is directed away from the furnace when the attachment side of the jamb block is attached to the second side of the doorway.

Abstract: A hearth for a metallurgical furnace, in particular for a blast furnace, the hearth including a wall lining and a bottom lining of refractory material for containing a molten metal bath, the bottom lining including a lower region and an upper region that is arranged to cover the top of the lower region and that is built of ceramic elements, the ceramic elements of the upper region being made of microporous ceramic material including a granular phase made of a silico-aluminous high alumina content granular material and a binding phase for binding grains of said granular material, said microporous ceramic material having thus an maintaining permanently a thermal conductivity lower than 7 W/m.° K.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for fabricating porous glass preforms, in which any damages of a reaction vessel due to the increase in thermal load to the reaction vessel can be controlled without enlarging the reaction vessel. A wall of the reaction vessel includes a plurality of rectangular inner wall metal plates that defines at least apart of inner side walls of the reaction vessel, adjacent inner wall metal plates of a plurality of inner wall metal plates of which being weld bonded at their edges, and a plurality of metal frame members having higher stiffness than that of the inner wall metal plates and being arranged along each edge region of the opposite surface of the inner side walls of each of the plurality of inner wall metal plates and fixed to the edge region by a tightening or welding means.

Abstract: A wood pellet stove operable to mount to a wall includes a combustion chamber, a combustion chamber door, and a hopper. The combustion chamber has a front, back, and side. The combustion chamber door is in the front of the combustion chamber. The hopper is mounted at the side of the combustion chamber. The bottom of the hopper is below a top of the combustion chamber, and a top of the hopper is substantially coplanar with the top of the combustion chamber. The stove may also include a sight glass or fuel level monitoring system for determining a fuel level of the hopper without opening the hopper.

Abstract: A gasification apparatus for solid fuel, especially an apparatus for producing syngas by pressurized gasification of coal powder, including a gasification chamber (II) and a syngas cooling chamber (III). The inner wall of the gasification chamber is a water-cooling wall (4). The inner side of the water-cooled wall is evenly coated with a layer of fire-resistant material (16). There is an annular cavity between the water-cooling wall of the gasification chamber and the furnace body. A syngas cooling device, a vertical pipe (22), a gas distribution device (24), a defoaming device, and a dewatering and deashing device (21) are provided in the syngas cooling chamber. Said syngas cooling device is connected with a cone-shaped disk at the bottom of the gasification chamber. The vertical pipe (22) is connected with the syngas cooling device. The lower portion of the vertical pipe (22) is connected with the trumpet-shaped gas distribution device (24) via a smooth transition.

Abstract: A furnace or other heat exchanger application for heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems having condensate control. Specifically, a condensate control for secondary heat exchangers is provided for use with high efficiency furnaces, particularly for small tonnage systems, such as residential or unitary systems. Condensate management permits a plurality of furnace orientations while providing resistance to corrosion due to liquid condensate.

Abstract: A brick hearth system includes a rigid containment shell in which a concave bottom is lined with a hearth refractory sub-layer and hearth brick working layer. The outer perimeter of the hearth refractory is ringed with thrust blocks to compress the whole toward the center and to thereby deny gaps from forming between the separate bricks. Many individual thrust rods penetrate the outer bottom of the containment shell, and such are used to transmit compression forces generated outside the shell to be applied against the thrust blocks in unison. Each thrust rod receives an adjustable amount of inward force from a spring, acting either directly or through a beam or rocker arm. These are anchored to and use the hoop strength of the containment shell as leverage. As the hearth brick working layer grows during its service life, the ring of thrust blocks grows in diameter as well inside the margins provided within the containment shell.

Abstract: The molded combustion chamber described herein is an improvement on prior art with a number of significant advantages. A single molded piece replaces many fabricated pieces of board and brick with uniformity of material and lower cost. It can be used by itself as a replacement for a grate in a wood/gas fireplace or as the key element of a metal or masonry fabricated fireplace. It can be molded up to 3? in thickness, so that the focus can be on insulation and reflection rather than surface durability. The spherical baffle serves as a secondary combustion area, so that all flames are visible and significantly more heat is radiated into the living space. This design is more efficient and less costly than most EPA certified wood heaters with a secondary combustion chamber or catalytic converter. This design will also help a gas appliance meet the DOE efficiency goal. The absence of a grate and the insulating quality of the material used enable a very small coal bed to ignite new fuel.

Abstract: A brick hearth system comprises a rigid containment shell in which a concave bottom is lined with a hearth refractory sub-layer and hearth brick working layer. The outer perimeter of the hearth refractory is ringed with thrust blocks to compress the whole toward the center and to thereby deny gaps from forming between the separate bricks. Many individual thrust rods penetrate the outer bottom of the containment shell, and such are used to transmit compression forces generated outside the shell to be applied against the thrust blocks in unison. Each thrust rod receives an adjustable amount of inward force from a spring, acting either directly or through a beam or rocker arm. These are anchored to and use the hoop strength of the containment shell as leverage. As the hearth brick working layer grows during its service life, the ring of thrust blocks grows in diameter as well inside the margins provided within the containment shell.

Abstract: A system that provides for the efficient combustion of solid fuels is disclosed. The system includes a combustion chamber, a solid fuel dosing system for determining an amount of solid fuel to supply to the combustion chamber, a solid fuel conveying air blower for conveying solid fuel from the solid fuel dosing system to the combustion chamber, and an air combustion fan for supplying air to the combustion chamber via air conveying piping. The system may optionally further include a measurement and auxiliary fuel control system for determining an amount of auxiliary fuel to supply to the combustion chamber. Combustion of the auxiliary fuel raises a temperature of the combustion chamber to a level suitable for combustion of the solid fuel. The combustion chamber may be mounted on a displacement trolley.

Abstract: Binding systems are described for applying compressive forces on the refractory hearth and/or refractory sidewall of a circular furnace having an outer metal shell which may be segmented. One preferred binding system comprises a tensioning band having one or more segments which extends around the furnace hearth and/or sidewall, with a resilient connection being provided between the opposite ends of the band and, where the band is segmented, resilient connections are also provided between the ends of adjacent segments. Another preferred binding system comprises a plurality of pivoting members provided around the circumference of the furnace. Each pivoting member is acted upon by a force-generating member which applies a controlled amount of force to the pivoting member and causes it to apply a compressive force to the hearth.

Abstract: A refractory wall is provided. The refractory wall includes a plurality of wall bricks coupled together to define an inner surface of the refractory wall, and a sensor port coupled to the plurality of wall bricks. The sensor port includes an outer wall defining a radial cross-sectional shape of the sensor port and defining a top ridge of the sensor port, an inner wall defining an opening extending through the sensor port, and an end wall extending between the outer wall and the inner wall. The end wall is positioned radially inward a distance from the inner surface. A method for fabricating the refractory wall is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to corrosion resistance coatings suitable for elevated temperature applications, which employ compositions of iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and/or aluminum (Al). The compositions may be configured to regulate the diffusion of metals between a coating and a substrate, which may then influence coating performance, via the formation of an inter-diffusion barrier layer. The inter-diffusion barrier layer may comprise a face-centered cubic phase.

Abstract: A refractory brick and mortar joint comprise a cold face of the refractory brick; a hot face of the refractory brick opposite the cold face, wherein the hot face is shorter in length than the cold face; and at least one tapered mortar joint extending from the hot face to the cold face, wherein the at least one tapered mortar joint is thicker at the hot face of the refractory brick than at the cold face of the refractory brick. A refractory brick comprises a cold face; a hot face opposite the cold face, wherein the hot face is shorter in length than the cold face; and at least one surface extending from the cold face to the hot face, wherein the at least one surface is angled to accommodate the difference in length between the cold face and the hot face.

Abstract: The furnace of the present invention includes a body of a furnace having a cylindrical shape; a steel shell which is arranged at an inside surface of the furnace; and a lining refractory which is arranged at an inside of the steel shell and includes a plurality of refractory blocks, wherein: each of the refractory blocks includes a hot-face end surface which has a hexagonal shape exposed to a middle of the furnace, and a cold-face end surface which has a hexagonal shape larger than the hot-face end surface, the cold-face end surface being arranged at an outer periphery side of the furnace; the refractory blocks are arranged such that each position of the hot-face end surface is positioned along the radial direction of the furnace at a predetermined reference position; and the refractory blocks are arrayed along the circumferential direction of an inside surface of the steel shell, thereby being stacked in a honeycomb manner.

Abstract: Presented are an insulation brick and the method of using an insulation brick to create a thermal lining. A set of corrugations are formed into a sidewall of the brick to increase the thermal insulation. A first end of the insulation brick has a convex portion while the second end of the insulation brick has a convex portion. This allows a first insulation brick to mate with another brick in an end to end configuration.

Abstract: A reactor vessel liner system includes a liner having a plurality of first conduits and a plurality of second conduits for conveying a coolant. The plurality of second conduits is located at least partially within corresponding ones of the plurality of first conduits.

Abstract: A fireproof wall intended, in particular, for use in a combustion furnace has a tube wall of tubes connected by webs and a fireproof and fire-tight protective lining which is arranged upstream of the tube wall at a distance therefrom and has a plurality of fireproof plates (tiles) which are arranged alongside and above each other and are fastened to the webs of the tube wall via in each case at least one plate mounting. An intermediate space is present between the tube wall and the protective lining and, at least in certain zones, contains a particulate filler material which increases the transfer of heat between the protective lining and the tube wall. Material selection and the zonal local distribution of the particulate filler material make it possible to deliberately influence the transfer of heat both quantitatively and locally and therefore to optimally adapt it to the respective operating requirements of the combustion furnace.

Abstract: A refractory anchoring system that mitigates the effects of the thermo-mechanical stresses that arise from the furnace temperature gradient and varying thermal expansions of the refractory and casing. This anchoring system provides independent movement which may be important for maintaining the refractory lining stability and its ability to contain the furnace processes. The invention relates more specifically to the metallic member that is configured in a specific spring-like manner. This invention also relates to the specific design of the non-metallic member (refractory anchor) to work in conjunction with the metallic member.

Abstract: Heating devices such as self-cleaning ovens include at least one surface comprising metal oxide crystalline catalytic material disposed thereon. The metal oxide crystalline material includes perovskite and perovskite-like materials, pyrochlores, rare earth metal oxides, spinels, and combinations of the foregoing. Also disclosed herein are processes for process for forming a pyrocatalytic coating on a substrate.

Abstract: A new, faster and more efficient process to replace heating walls and ceilings in coke oven batteries. Thus, when replaced, at least one heating wall is constructed of thermally stable non-expanding large size modular cast modules from end to end and the ceiling adjacent the heating wall is constructed of thermally stable non-expanding large modular cast blocks.

Abstract: Provided is a marine boiler structure that is capable of remedying non-uniformity in corrosion progression by making the temperature distribution of combustion gas that passes through a superheater uniform, and that is also capable of reducing the level of NOx contained in the combustion gas. In a marine boiler structure configured such that combustion gas generated by combustion in a burner flows from a furnace through a superheater and an evaporator tube bundle, a bottom air port that supplies part of the combustion air as bottom air from a furnace bottom portion of the furnace is provided, the bottom air port is positioned closer to the superheater relative to a burner center line, and an ejecting direction of the bottom air is set within a range inclining in the burner direction from the vertically upward direction.

Abstract: A firing furnace comprising: a muffle formed so as to ensure a space for housing a formed body to be fired; a member that constitutes a heat generator and is placed on and/or around the muffle; and a heat insulating layer that contains said muffle and said heat generator inside thereof, wherein a carbon-natured sheet is placed in the vicinity of corner portions of an inner face of said heat insulating layer.