Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for heating a fluid comprising an opened-loop heating circuit or a closed-loop heating circuit both comprising a rotary heating device, such as a water brake, and a closed-loop direct-fired boiler heating circuit; and systems and methods for evaporating a fluid and systems and methods for concentrating a fluid based on these heating circuits.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for heating, concentrating and/or evaporating a fluid by heating the fluid in a heating subsystem comprising a rotary heating device, such as a water brake dynamometer, and then evaporating all or a portion of the fluid in an evaporation subsystem and/or concentrating the fluid in a concentration subsystem.

Abstract: A hot water heating system, and kit for installing such a system, that utilizes male and female union connections for all main heating system components allows the system to be completely installed using only two ordinary wrenches. The system includes a first isolator valve, a flow control valve, a circulator and a second isolator valve. Each of these components is equipped with one male union type connection on one side of the component and one female union type connection on the other side. The system may be an installed system or may entail a kit of parts for installation.

Abstract: A fluid flow machine consisting of a stator, mounted underneath a hot water tank, and an armature-impeller unit arranged inside said hot water tank, being separated from said stator by a spherical, magnetically permeable separation wall, which generates a toroidal vortex inside the water tank. Said vortex conveys hot water from the upper region of the tank to its lower region until the whole tank is filled with water of a uniform temperature.