Abstract: A powder metal alloy composition is used in the production of a sintered powder metal insert for casting into an aluminum casting. The powder metal alloy composition includes an iron powder metal base, copper such that the copper is 3.5 weight percent or more of the powder metal alloy composition, and carbon in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of the powder metal alloy composition. Upon compacting and sintering the powder metal alloy composition to form the sintered powder metal insert, the sintered powder metal insert has a copper gradient that provides a higher concentration of copper on the surface of the sintered powder metal insert than in a center of the grains of the sintered powder metal insert. The higher concentration of copper at the surface of the insert enables a strong metallurgical bond to be formed with the aluminum casting during casting.

Abstract: The invention includes methods and devices for preventing excessive NOx formation during the combustion event of a compression-ignition engine with any combustible fuel (diesel, Jet-A, JP8, bio fuel, etc).

Abstract: An expanded torque system of an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder having an upper piston bore, a lower piston bore and a lower action chamber. An upper piston is connected to the upper link rod and reciprocally moves in the upper piston bore. A linkage unit has a link block coupled to the upper link rod. A lower piston moves in the lower piston bore and is connected to the link block. A lower link rod is disposed at the lower action chamber and is pivotally coupled between the linkage unit and a lower link rod pivoting handle. A crank shaft is disposed at the lower action chamber and has a main shaft and the lower link rod pivoting handle eccentrically connected to the main shaft. An oil ring with oil outlets is disposed at the top of the lower action chamber and communicates with a main oil duct.

Abstract: The invention relates to a length-adjustable connecting rod for a reciprocating piston engine, particularly a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, comprising a hydraulic arrangement with which a length of the connecting rod can be adjusted, and a switching valve for controlling the inflow and outflow of a hydraulic medium into or out of the hydraulic arrangement, wherein the switching valve can be actuated electromagnetically.

Abstract: A connecting rod for a variable compression internal combustion engine, the connecting rod an eccentrical element adjustment arrangement for adjusting an effective connecting rod length, the eccentrical element adjustment arrangement including a first cylinder including a first hydraulic chamber and a second cylinder including a second hydraulic chamber, a first inlet for feeding hydraulic fluid into the first cylinder from a supply and a first outlet for draining the hydraulic fluid from the first cylinder, a second inlet for feeding hydraulic fluid into the second cylinder from the supply and a second outlet for draining the hydraulic fluid from the second cylinder, a switch valve for controlling a hydraulic fluid flow, the switch valve including a piston that is movable in a housing, wherein the piston is displaceable into a first switching position or a second switching position, wherein the second outlet of the second cylinder is connected with the supply in the first switching position and the first out

Abstract: A reciprocating linear/rotational motion conversion device has a main shaft, a linear motion guiding mechanism, a sector gear and a rack frame. The sector gear is fixedly connected with the main shaft. A rack pair is arranged on the inner wall of the rack frame. The rack pair comprises a first gear rack and a second gear rack separately arranged on both sides of the sector gear. The reciprocating linear/rotational motion conversion device further includes a reversing mechanism fixedly connected with the main shaft. A cylinder device contains the reciprocating linear/rotational motion conversion device, connecting rods, pistons and cylinder bodies. The cylinder body is sleeved on the piston, and a cylinder head is arranged on one end of the cylinder body.

Abstract: An energy storage device is provided for a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The energy storage device includes first and second end connectors connected to respective ones of a piston and crankshaft, and a flexible connection rod portion rotatably connected with the first and second end connectors. The flexible connection rod portion elastically buckles above a predetermined cylinder pressure threshold to store combustion energy and provide a more constant pressure combustion process.

Abstract: A connecting rod for a variable compression internal combustion engine, the connecting rod including a crank bearing eye for connecting the connecting rod with a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine; a connecting rod bearing eye for connecting the connecting rod with a cylinder piston of the internal combustion engine; an eccentrical element adjustment arrangement for adjusting an effective connecting rod length, wherein the eccentrical element adjustment arrangement includes an eccentrical element that cooperates with an eccentrical element lever and that is connected torque proof with the eccentrical element lever, wherein a wrist pin of the cylinder piston is receivable in the eccentrical element, wherein the eccentrical element adjustment arrangement includes two cylinders with a respective piston that is supported in a cylinder bore and connected with a respective support rod, wherein the eccentrical element lever includes one or plural eccentrical element lever segments.

Abstract: A switch valve for controlling a hydraulic fluid flow of a connecting rod for an internal combustion engine with variable compression with an eccentrical element adjustment arrangement for adjusting an effective connecting rod length, the eccentrical element adjustment arrangement including a first cylinder including a first hydraulic chamber; a second cylinder including a second hydraulic chamber, wherein the first cylinder includes a first inlet for feeding hydraulic fluid into the first cylinder from a supply and the second cylinder includes a second inlet for feeding hydraulic fluid into the second cylinder from the supply, wherein the first cylinder includes a first drain for draining the hydraulic fluid from the first cylinder and the second cylinder includes a second drain for draining the hydraulic fluid from the second cylinder, wherein the switch valve includes a step piston which is displaceable into a first switching position or a second switching position.

Abstract: A tool having a relatively ductile working end for engaging workpieces and a relatively hard non-working portion for driving the tool is disclosed, and a process for making same. The tool is formed with the material in a first state, such as by cold-working, and then only the non-working portion is heat treated to a second state. The working end is thus maintained in the ductile state while the non-working portion is hardened, thus imparting different materials performance characteristics to working end and non-working portion.

Abstract: A pivoting bearing is provided for two connecting rods in a reciprocating piston of an internal combustion engine having two crankshafts which are driven via the reciprocating piston and the connecting rods. The pivoting bearing is received by piston bores of the piston and has gudgeon pin bores for mounting gudgeon pins for gudgeon pin eyes of the connecting rods. The pivoting bearing has radial bearing regions which are provided with the pin bores, are arranged on both sides of a center longitudinal axis of the reciprocating pistons, and delimit the gudgeon pin eyes in a manner which forms an intermediate space. To optimize the pivoting bearing, the bearing regions of the pivoting bearing are configured as cylinder bodies with a cup-like cross section, of which each cylinder body has a base wall and a bearing ring shell.

Abstract: A piston arrangement comprising: a piston, a first chamber, a second chamber and a power transfer assembly; wherein the piston comprises a first head movable within the first chamber and a second head movable within the second chamber; wherein, in operation, the piston follows a linear path in reciprocating motion along a first axis; wherein the power transfer assembly comprises a shaft rotatably coupled to a shuttle bearing and arranged to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary motion of the shaft; wherein the shuttle bearing moves relative to the piston in reciprocating motion along a second axis substantially transverse to the first axis; and wherein the shuttle bearing is coupled to the piston via a non-planar bearing surface thereby allowing rotation of the shuttle bearing.

Abstract: An engine system for a vehicle may include an engine including a plurality of cylinders connected to a crankshaft, a Cylinder Deactivation (CDA) apparatus provided to at least one cylinder among the plurality of cylinders of the engine, a first flywheel mounted on the crankshaft, a second flywheel having a rotation center formed eccentrically with respect to the crankshaft by being disposed at a position corresponding to the cylinder including the CDA apparatus, and a clutch provided to the crankshaft to selectively transmit a torque of the crankshaft to the second flywheel during operation of the CDA apparatus.

Abstract: A engine connecting includes a large diameter end portion mounted to a crank of a crankshaft of an engine to be rotatable, a small diameter end portion into which a piston pin is inserted and which supports the piston pin to be rotatable, and a connecting portion connecting the large diameter end portion and the small diameter end portion at a longitudinal end portions thereof. The connecting portion has a plate-shape widened in a wide width direction thereof to be perpendicular to a center axis of the crank shaft, the connecting portion is provided with four vertical reinforcing portions projecting in four directions so as to extend in a longitudinal direction of the connecting rod from the small diameter end portion to the large diameter end portion.

Abstract: A connecting rod (10) has a big end bearing eye (11) for attachment to a crankshaft and a small end bearing eye (12) for attachment to a piston of a cylinder. An eccentric adjusting device (13) adjusts an effective connecting rod length. The eccentric adjusting device (13) has eccentric rods (15, 16) that engage on an eccentric lever (14) of the eccentric adjusting device (13) so that, in the region of each eccentric rod (15, 16), a connecting pin (36) extends through apertures in the eccentric lever (14) and in the respective eccentric rod (15, 16). The aperture (37) in the respective eccentric rod (15, 16), through which the respective connecting pin (36) extends, and/or a section of the respective connecting pin (36) that extends through the aperture (37) in the respective eccentric rod (15, 16), has/have arched contours, at least in some section or sections.

Abstract: A variable length connecting rod includes a connecting rod body, an eccentric member, a first piston mechanism, a second piston mechanism and a flow-direction switching mechanism. The eccentric member, the first piston member, the second piston member and the flow-direction switching mechanism are provided in the connecting rod body. The first piston mechanism and the second piston mechanism are configured to pivot the eccentric member. The connecting rod body has a control oil passage that communicates with a first opening of the connecting rod and the flow-direction switching mechanism. The flow-direction switching mechanism is switched between the first state and the second state by switching pins. The switching pins are disposed in the connecting rod body such that directions in which the switching pins are operated are angled with respect to a plane perpendicular to an axis of the first opening.

Abstract: A hydraulic valve, in particular for shifting an actuation piston in a piston rod for an internal combustion engine with variable compression, the piston rod including a valve housing which includes a first operating connection and a second operating connection and a supply connection which is loadable with a hydraulic pressure of a hydraulic fluid, wherein a piston that is movably arranged in the valve housing is movable in a linear manner against a force of a preloaded spring, wherein the operating connections and the supply connection are sealable relative to each other and against an ambient atmosphere by seal elements upon correct installation in a valve receiving bore hole of the connecting rod, and wherein the seal elements are applicable against a wall of the valve receiving bore hole in a sealing manner due to the hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine is disclosed. The system can include a crankshaft pivotally coupled to a standard engine block using a plurality of pivoting main bearing caps. The system can pivot the main bearing caps, and thus the crankshaft, to increase or decrease the compression ratio of the engine. The system can also include a plurality of actuators to move one end of the main bearing caps. The crankshaft can comprise one or more flexible joints to enable the crankshaft to move, while the output(s) of the crankshaft remain stationary to enable conventional sealing and power take-off. The compression ratio can be varied continuously during use and can be included in an overall engine management system.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1) is designed so that the center axis P of a cylinder (4) is offset relative to a main journal part (2a) of a crankshaft (2). A bearing cap (17) is designed so that the side toward the cylinder center axis from a main bearing part (18) is secured to a bulkhead (7) by two fastening bolts (24a, 24c) while the side away from the cylinder center axis from the main bearing part is secured to the bulkhead by one fastening bolt (24b) and that the bearing cap securing force on the side toward the cylinder center axis from the main bearing part (18) is greater than the bearing cap securing force on the side away from the cylinder center axis.

Abstract: A connecting rod for a device includes a rod having a large end, and a cap attached to the large end. The large end of the rod and the cap cooperate to define a first side surface and a second side surface disposed opposite to each other. The large end of the rod and the cap further define a crankshaft bore that extends along a crank axis between the first side surface and the second side surface. A thrust surface is defined by at least one of the first side surface or the second side surface, and is disposed on a thrust plane. The thrust surface includes at least one recessed region that extends inward away from the thrust plane of the thrust surface. Each of the thrust surfaces include ramps that extend between the recessed regions and the flat regions at the thrust plane of the thrust surface.

Abstract: A cryogenic refrigerator includes a Scotch yoke mechanism including a Scotch yoke and a bearing movably engaged with the Scotch yoke, and a displacer caused to reciprocate in a cylinder by the Scotch yoke mechanism, so that a refrigerant gas inside an expansion space formed in the cylinder is expanded by the reciprocation of the displacer to generate cold temperatures. The Scotch yoke includes a concave part at a position corresponding to a top dead center of the displacer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sliding element with a substrate and at least one layer of a sliding layer material applied onto the substrate. The sliding layer material can consist of an antifriction lacquer comprising at least one cross-linkable binder or at least one high-melting thermoplast material or of a material that contains a matrix of at last one high-melting thermoplast material or at least one duroplast material. Said sliding layer material contains Fe2O3 with a preferred fraction of 0.1 to 15 vol. %.

Abstract: A crank drive has a frame, which may be formed in particular by a housing, a rocker fixed on the frame, a crank that is fixed on the frame and which forms the drive output, and a coupler which connects the rocker and the crank. The coupler is articulately connected in each case to the crank and to an end, which is situated opposite the positionally fixed mounting, of the rocker. In order to drive the crank, a first cylinder is provided which has a movably mounted piston. The piston and the rocker are articulately connected to one another via a push rod such that the axial movement of the piston sets the rocker in an oscillating swinging motion. The rocker has a section that is remote from the fixed mounting of the rocker and which is inclined by a fixed angle towards the coupler.

Abstract: A clip-fastened raceway for a variable compression ratio engine includes: at least one curved segment whose outer surface cooperates with a raceway housed in the transmission member or in the control member of the variable compression ratio engine and whose inner surface is maintained in contact with a curved outer surface housed in the toothed wheel of the engine; at least one clip, housed in at least one of the ends of the curved segment and fastened to one or the other of the ends of the curved outer surface housed in the toothed wheel and hooking onto a hook or protrusion which the wheel includes in the vicinity of the end of its curved outer surface, the hook or protrusion being complementary to that of the clip so as to be able to cooperate with the latter.

Abstract: A connecting rod for internal combustion engines and the like has a rod, an upper connecting rod part, and a lower connecting rod part the rod is composed of at least two parts including a left part, as considered in direction of rotation of a crankshaft clockwise, having a straight shape and connected directly to the upper connecting rod part and to the lower connecting rod part, and a right preferably bent part connected directly to the lower connecting rod part and to the upper connecting rod part by an intermediate part.

Abstract: A crankshaft may include first and second journals having circular cross-sections, and a crankpin, the crankpin extending between first and second crankpin journals. The crankpin may include first, second, and third cams including respective first, second, and third cam profiles, wherein the first, second, and third cam profiles differ from one another. At least one of the first, second, and third cam profiles may be configured to affect the stroke of a connecting rod coupled to the crankpin. A connecting rod may include first, second, and third followers including respective first, second, and third follower surfaces, wherein the first and second follower surfaces differ from one another. An internal combustion engine may include a crankshaft and a connecting rod configured to provide relative linear movement between a crankpin axis and a proximal end of the connecting rod.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio apparatus includes: a piston defining a combustion chamber, a connecting rod connected to the piston; an eccentric link eccentrically connected to the piston, a swing link connected to the eccentric link so as to rotate the eccentric link, a crankpin to which the connecting rod is connected, and a crank web disposed at both sides of the crankpin and provided with a guide portion for guiding downward motions of the eccentric link and the swing link when the eccentric link and the swing link move downward. Thereby, the downward motions of the eccentric link and the swing link are stabilized.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a connecting rod having a surface that defines an opening to receive a pin for coupling the connecting rod to a piston at a first end of the connecting rod. The surface includes a groove arrangement to collect, retain and distribute lubrication fluid in the space between the pin and the inner surface. The surface can be formed by the connecting rod or a bushing in an opening of the connecting rod.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with adjustable compression ratio with a connecting rod bearing eye for connecting to a piston of the at least one cylinder and an eccentrical element adjustment device for adjusting an effective connecting rod length, and wherein the eccentrical element adjustment device includes an eccentrical element cooperating with an eccentrical element lever and eccentrical element rods engaging the eccentrical element lever, wherein the eccentrical element rods are loaded with a hydraulic pressure that is provided in hydraulic cavities interacting with the eccentrical element rods, wherein the eccentrical element lever includes at least one eccentrical element lever segment, wherein the at least one eccentrical element lever segment is positioned in axial direction of the eccentrical element in front and/or behind the connecting rod bearing eye, and wherein the at least one eccentrical element lever segment is fixated at the eccentrical element.

Abstract: A mechanism for varying the stroke length of an internal combustion engine during each cycle of operation includes a gear set with a first gear non-rotatably mounted to the engine block and a second gear having teeth formed on an inner surface thereof meshing with the first gear to achieve a uniform mechanical crank arm and a variable cam arm for producing a varying length of piston reciprocation throughout the overall stroke cycle of the engine. The orientation of the crank arm and the cam arm relative to the axis of piston reciprocation is selected for causing the crank arm and the cam arm to cooperatively produce a positive torque on the crankshaft at the top dead center position of the piston. The gear set is also selectively configured and dimensioned to achieve a predetermined ratio of the length of the cam arm to the length of the crank arm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a connecting rod for an internal combustion engine with a big bearing portion for forming a coupling arrangement with a crankshaft and with a small bearing portion for forming a coupling arrangement with a piston, whereas between the big bearing portion and the small bearing potion is arranged a rod shaft. According to the invention the rod shaft features a single piece construction with a first shaft beam and a second shaft bean arranged substantially parallel to the first shaft beam, whereas the shaft beams extend from the big bearing portion to the small bearing portion and feature a certain distance to each other, whereas at least the small bearing portion features an outer dimension which is broader than the median width of the rod shaft and the transition of the rod shaft into the small bearing portion features a concave transition portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transmission mechanism for vehicle Internal Combustion (IC) engines, wherein such mechanism improves the efficiency and the power output of internal combustion engines through dividing the conventional connecting rod between the crank shaft and the piston into two parts; a first part and a second part and connecting such parts together by a pin joint, wherein the second part slides through an oscillating rocker that is connected to the engine block by pin joint, and thus adding a degree of freedom to the conventional connecting rod controlled by said oscillating rocker. The mechanism of the present invention can be retrofitted in the existing vehicle combustion engines without the need for any significant change in the design of such engines. The transmission mechanism of the present invention replaces the traditional connecting rod that connects the piston with the crank shaft of the engine.

Abstract: A piston arrangement comprising a piston movable within a cylinder and having a stroke with a first end and a second end, wherein the piston is coupled to a crankshaft by a linkage mechanism including a toggle link which is pivotally coupled to the piston and pivotally coupled to a con-rod, wherein the toggle link has a first position corresponding to the first end of the piston stroke, a second position different to the first position also corresponding to the first end of the piston stroke, and an intermediate position between the first and second positions corresponding to the second end of the piston stroke such that the piston completes four strokes for every one revolution of the crankshaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston (1) of an internal combustion engine, which piston (1) has a piston head (2) with a ring field (3) and a skirt part which is arranged on the piston head (2), wherein the skirt part has at least two load-bearing skirt-wall sections (4a, 4b), and the load-bearing skirt-wall sections (4a, 4b) are connected to one another via at least two obliquely positioned box walls (5) which are set back with respect to the piston external diameter. In each case one pin boss (9) for receiving a piston pin is arranged in the box wall (5) and one skirt-wall section (4a) forms the pressure side and the other skirt-wall section (4b) forms the counter-pressure side. According to the invention that the inner surface of the pin boss (9), in relation to the piston centre, runs flushly with respect to the surface of the associated box wall (5), and the box wall (5) has a concave profile in the transverse extent with respect to the direction of the pin boss (9).

Abstract: An engine combustion system includes a power cylinder and a gear assembly, the piston having respective intake and exhaust valves. The power cylinder includes a connecting rod pivotally attached to a bottom of the piston and extends vertically downwardly in vertical alignment with a gear assembly. A movable rack gear is coupled to the connecting rod and in communication with a rotatably mounted central gear. When an air/fuel mixture is ignited within the power cylinder fuel chamber, the connecting rod is urged downward causing linear movement of the rack gear in operative communication with the rotatably mounted central gear such that the power generated thereby is translated to a vehicle transmission or power train without angular inefficiency of a traditional crankshaft system.

Abstract: A connecting rod of an internal combustion engine, that includes a large bore, and an interior bore surface. The current art uses soft metal bearing surfaces to reduce wear, and friction between the connecting rod inner diameter and the crankshaft journal surface. The soft metal bearing surface is a separate component of the engine. In this invention the large bore end interior diameter is coated with a hard material to reduce, or eliminate wear. The hard material is a metal or metal alloy applied to the inner diameter by a thermal spray method. A relatively soft polymer material can also be applied to the interior diameter surface of the con-rod bore. The relatively softer polymer acts as a first and sometimes a consumable layer, and applied over the thermal sprayed hard layer. The polymer layer is often used in conjunction with the sprayed metal layer.

Abstract: A length-adjustable connecting rod for a reciprocating-piston engine. At least one first rod part and second rod part are telescopically displaceable relative to and/or into one another. The second rod part forms a guide cylinder and the first rod part forms a piston element which is longitudinally displaceable in the guide cylinder. Between the first and second rod parts is a high-pressure chamber into which at least one first oil duct opens. At least one control valve is arranged in the first oil duct, with an actuator thereof to be displaced into a first position by a spring and into a second position by oil pressure against the force of the spring. To permit adjustment of the compression ratio, a second oil duct formed as a feed duct opens into the high-pressure chamber and in which a check valve is arranged which opens in the direction of the high-pressure chamber.

Abstract: A connecting rod for internal combustion engines and the like has a rod, an upper connecting rod part, and a lower connecting rod part the rod is composed of at least two parts including a left part, as considered in direction of rotation of a crankshaft clockwise, having a straight shape and connected directly to the upper connecting rod part and to the lower connecting rod part, and a right preferably bent part connected directly to the lower connecting rod part and to the upper connecting rod part by an intermediate part.

Abstract: A dwell cycle crank configuration for converting reciprocating linear motion to rotary motion includes: a follower, a top roller, a bottom roller, and a body. The top roller has a bottom portion removed. The removed bottom portion of the top roller is adapted to fit the top of the follower. The bottom roller has a top portion removed. The removed top portion of the bottom roller is adapted to fit the bottom of said follower. The top and bottom rollers are positioned within the body where each roller is adapted to rotate for allowing the follower to ride between the rollers within the body in an S-shaped pattern.

Abstract: A system for determining a health of bearing associated with a connecting rod is provided. The system includes an oil collector placed proximate to the connecting rod and configured to receive an oil cast off from side thrust surfaces of the connecting rod during movement of the connecting rod. The system includes a sensor associated with the oil collector and configured to generate a signal indicative of a temperature of the oil cast off from the side thrust surface of the connecting rod. The system also includes a controller communicably coupled to the sensor. The controller is configured to receive the signal indicative of the temperature of the oil cast off from the side thrust surface of the connecting rod. The controller further determines the health of the bearing as a function of the signal of temperature of oil cast off from side thrust surface of the connecting rod.

Abstract: A system for determining a health of a bearing associated with a connecting rod is provided. The system includes a sensor associated with the connecting rod and remotely disposed relative to the bearing of the connecting rod. The sensor is configured to generate a signal indicative of a temperature of the bearing. The system includes a controller communicably coupled to the sensor. The controller is configured to receive the signal indicative of the temperature of the bearing. The controller further determines a health of the bearing as a function of the signal of the temperature of the bearing.

Abstract: A connecting rod for a device includes a rod having a large end, and a cap attached to the large end. The large end of the rod and the cap cooperate to define a first side surface and a second side surface disposed opposite to each other. The large end of the rod and the cap further define a crankshaft bore that extends along a crank axis between the first side surface and the second side surface. A thrust surface is defined by at least one of the first side surface or the second side surface, and is disposed on a thrust plane. The thrust surface includes at least one recessed region that extends inward away from the thrust plane of the thrust surface. Each of the thrust surfaces include ramps that extend between the recessed regions and the flat regions at the thrust plane of the thrust surface.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine may include a cylinder block defining a cylinder, and a crankshaft defining a crankpin, wherein the crankshaft is rotatably received by the cylinder block and rotates about a longitudinal axis. The internal combustion engine may further include a piston configured to reciprocate within the cylinder, and a connecting rod operably coupled to the piston and the crankpin. The connecting rod may include a first rod element having a first distal end and a first proximate end, wherein the first distal end is operably coupled to the piston. The connecting rod may further include a second rod element having a second distal end operably coupled to the first proximate end of the first rod element, and a second proximate end operably coupled to the crankpin, wherein the first rod element and the second rod element are pivotally coupled to one another.

Abstract: A piston-powered internal explosion engine for providing power output through a rotating crankshaft. The engine includes an engine block having power cylinders for receiving working pistons, bearing means for supporting the crankshaft, and a crankshaft supported within the bearing means having an output end extending outside of the engine block and a plurality of offset power cranks. The engine includes connecting rods operably coupled to the power cranks and configured to transfer power from the working pistons to rotate the crankshaft, and working pistons that are received into the power cylinders and operably coupled to the power cranks. Each working piston has a head end positioned adjacent to a cylinder head to form a compression chamber and is configured to receive power from an explosion of a compressed volume located within the compression chamber, and to transfer the received power to the connecting rods.

Abstract: A differential stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine having an engine shaft and a piston configured to reciprocate within a cylinder chamber includes an inner piston part, a piston stem coupled at a first end to said inner piston part, an outer piston part which serves as a carrier for said inner piston part and is connected to said engine shaft, wherein said inner piston part is configured to operate on a cycle different from that of said outer piston part, and a control and linkage assembly coupled to said engine at an anchor point, and said control and linkage assembly pivotally coupled at a second end of said piston stem defining a copy point, wherein said control and linkage assembly guides and defines the movement of said copy point to be substantially aligned with an axis of said cylinder chamber.

Abstract: Reciprocating motion can be converted to rotary motion through a crankshaft and a connecting rod. In a connecting rod that is primarily in tension, two opposing connecting rods can be coupled to a single journal. Two bearing caps are placed over the journal, the bearing caps having fingers that extend away from the bearing cap with the fingers of the two bearing caps being enmeshed. Fingers of each bearing cap are coupled to the connecting rods. The resulting joint is compact and lighter weight with a shorter journal than prior joints.

Abstract: The reciprocating piston mechanism with an extended piston offset is provided. The mechanism is of the type that contains at least one cylinder having a longitudinal axis, at least one piston that has a pivot pin and is slidingly installed in the cylinder, a crankshaft, which is offset at a distance from the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, a rocker arm/lever assembly pivotally mounted on a crankpin of the crankshaft. The mechanism is also provided with a connecting rod that connects the piston to one arm of the rocker arm/lever assembly. The other arm of the rocker arm/lever assembly has a roller that is guided in a confined pathway and works as a fulcrum of the lever and a stabilizer/rudder at the same time.

Abstract: A connecting rod including a connecting rod body and a cap attached to the connecting rod body by a plurality of bolts. The connecting rod body includes a shank having a centerline. Two of the bolts are positioned at a first distance from the centerline and two of the bolts are positioned at a second distance from the centerline that is greater than the first distance. The plurality of bolts may be disposed symmetrically about a centroid of a planar face of the connecting rod.

Abstract: In a premixed compression self-ignition engine which is compact but capable of exerting a high output, an intermediate portion of a trigonal link is rotatably supported on a crankpin, a large end portion of a connecting rod is connected to one end portion of the trigonal link, and a swing link swingably supported on a fulcrum shaft is connected to another end portion of the trigonal link. The engine includes: an intake port open to a crank chamber; a reed valve mounted in the intake port; a scavenging port configured to guide fresh air from the crank chamber into a cylinder bore in a downward stroke of a piston; an exhaust port provided in a cylinder head and open to a top portion of the cylinder bore; and an exhaust valve configured to be opened before the piston opens the scavenging port in the downward stroke of the piston.

Abstract: A radial cam engine with an optimized cam configuration can provide improve performance over crankshaft internal combustion engines. The cam configuration can include a flat-top or flat bottom piston motion, multiple lobe cam configurations, matching piston force with torque/force ratio in combustion phase, asymmetry piston motions for improved power transfer during combustion phase, and/or offset piston and cam configurations. The radial cam engine can be used in vehicles, such as hybrid vehicles.