Abstract: A method of operating a diesel engine which overcomes problems encountered during use of a low cetane fuel with long ignition delays is disclosed. The method provides for a staged injection of an emulsified diesel fuel into the combustion chamber of the diesel engine. In particular, the method includes the steps of (A) injecting a pilot volume of an emulsified diesel fuel into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine, wherein the emulsified diesel fuel includes water and diesel fuel, (B) compressing the pilot volume of the emulsified diesel fuel within the combustion chamber during a compression stroke of the diesel engine, and (C) injecting a main volume of the emulsified diesel fuel into the combustion chamber of the diesel engine, whereby heat generated by compression of the pilot volume of the emulsified diesel fuel causes the pilot volume of the emulsified diesel fuel to combust so as to ignite the main volume of the emulsified diesel fuel.

Abstract: A multi-step engine air intake volume control device having a first electromagnetic valve connected between an air input port and a manifold pipe in a positive crankcase ventilating system of a motor vehicle and controlled by a control circuit to let fresh air be drawn into the engine of the motor vehicle subject to the revolving speed of the engine, wherein a container is mounted inside the motor vehicle, having a water chamber holding a volume of water and an oil chamber holding an oil; a second electromagnetic valve is provided having an input end connected to the water chamber and oil chamber of the container by a guide tube and three-way pipe connector assembly and an output end connected to the manifold pipe, the second electromagnetic valve being controlled by the control circuit to open the passage between the container and the manifold pipe for permitting water and oil mixture to be drawn from the container into the manifold pipe when air is guided by the manifold pipe into the engine of the motor ve

Abstract: A system for improving efficiency and reducing harmful emissions in an innal combustion engine and for allowing the engine to run in oxygen poor and oxygen depleted environments. An oxidant, such as hydrogen peroxide, is emulsified with engine fuel. The emulsion is injected into the combustion chamber of the engine. A controller senses the temperature and oxygen level in the exhaust stream of the engine as well as the oxygen level in the ambient fluid. The controller operates a valve to vary the amount of oxidant added to the fuel as well as controlling the amount of ambient air introduced into the chamber and the injection of the fuel oxidant emulsion into the chamber. The controller parameters are set to maintain maximum efficiency and minimum emissions. The oxidant in the emulsion provides for near stoichiometric combustion to reduce combustion products and reduce the engine's air requirements.

Abstract: An elongated fuel-air bypass is connected between an outlet port of a fuel-air mixing device and an inlet port of an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The elongated bypass apparatus includes an elongated bypass conduit formed of a thermally conductive material and which has sufficient length, exterior surface area and thermal conductivity to enable it to cause liquid fuel introduced through the fuel-air mixing device to change from a liquid state to a gaseous state prior entry into the one or more cylinders of the internal combustion engine. Turbulence creating mechanisms, such as venturis or baffles, are provided in the elongated bypass conduit for creating turbulence in the fuel-air mixture flowing therethrough. An after-air supply tube is provided to supply after-air near an upstream end of the fuel-air bypass conduit, and is controlled by an after-air valve to provide for a lean fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: An improved auxiliary water-supply device for use with an internal combustion engine system is disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for the control of the overall water content of an aqueous fuel in an internal combustion engine is provided. The disclosed fuel control system includes a post add water system and a control valve that is responsive to selected engine operating characteristics such as engine operating temperature, engine load, and carbon monoxide levels in the engine exhaust. The post add water system is adapted for selectively providing an additional supply of purified water via the control valve to the aqueous fuel in the fuel line. The fuel system controller is operatively associated with the control valve to regulate the quantity of water added and thereby control the overall content of water in the aqueous fuel emulsion delivered to the fuel injectors.

Abstract: A cold-steam atomizer designed to use ultrasonics to produce mist to be mixed with a combustible fluid. The device is designed to transfer that mist/combustible fluid mixture into a combustion system in order to enhance internal and external combustion. The mist generator utilizes an immersed vibrating element to atomize a liquid such as water to create the mist. The atomizer is housed in a chamber having a baffle that is designed to prevent large droplets of the liquid from entering the combustion chamber. The system alternatively includes a tank for storing the liquid prior to atomization.

Abstract: In a fuel injection system for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine by means of a dual fluid injector which includes a nozzle with a nozzle needle normally closing the nozzle and which has formed around the nozzle needle an annular space which is in communication with a fluid source and a pressure chamber in communication with the annular space and the working space of a plunger disposed in the injector so as to be movable between upper and lower end positions but being biased to its upper end position, the plunger working space is in communication with a fuel source via a fuel supply line which includes a control valve and an electromagnetically controlled valve is provided for controlling the admission of a hydraulic operating fluid to the plunger for moving the plunger into the working space for the ejection of the fuel and the fluid from the pressure chamber and the annular space around the nozzle and the fuel supply line includes an electronically controllable valve a

Abstract: A combustion engine having a combustion chamber with a side port in a sidewall thereof interconnecting the combustion chamber with a side manifold. The side port is positioned between about 25% and about 75% of the stroke length from the bottom dead center position of the pistons. The engine includes a fluid injection system which provides an alcohol-water mixture to the side manifold to maintain the manifold at an elevated pressure. The pressure manifold is heated to provide for expansion of the fluids provided thereto and is readily removable to allow for normal functioning of the engine.

Abstract: In order to prevent the increase of NOx due to an excessively high combustion temperature and the increase of HC and CO due to an excessively low combustion temperature, by feeding an emulsion of a fuel oil and water having a water content suitable for the combustion state in cylinders to a Diese engine, there is proposed: A combustion parameter sensor (3) for detecting combustion parameters inside cylinders such as an internal pressure of the cylinder, an engine knock, an exhaust gas, etc. and a water charging quantity judgement/regulation circuit (2) for setting a water charging quantity to a fuel are disposed in a Diesel engine (1). A water charging quantity controller (4) feeds water to an emulsion formation apparatus (5) in a quantity corresponding to a water charging signal from the water charging quantity judgement/regulation circuit (2).

Abstract: A liquid injection system for internal combustion engines has a simplified pumping system, with a vacuum driven pump, assisted by an electrically driven booster pump. The liquid is delivered to the engine manifold by way of a spray nozzle incorporating an expansion chamber, into which chamber a calibrated air nozzle delivers air as a high velocity jet to impinge in atomizing, droplet forming relation on injection liquid entering the expansion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine, which comprises preparing an emulsion of an aqueous urea solution in diesel fuel, and supplying said emulsion to a diesel engine for combusting therein, whereby combustion of the emulsion leads to a reduction in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the diesel engine when compared with combustion of diesel fuel alone.

Abstract: A system for simultaneously increasing combustion efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. Oxygen enriched air (i.e., air from which a portion of the nitrogen has been removed so that the oxygen concentration is higher than in normal air) and water droplets of predetermined size are both present in the cylinder of a four cycle internal combustion engine during the power/combustion stroke. Oxygen enriched air may be mixed with normal air drawn into the combustion chamber during the intake stroke. Also, and alternatively, the droplets may be water or H.sub.2 O.sub.2 bubbles filled with normal or oxygen-enriched air.

Abstract: A new emission control system is described herein that injects liquid catalytic compounds into fossil fueled combustion devices for the purposes of reducing unhealthful emissions. The invention of the micrometering valve and injection nozzle assembly allows for the accurate, adjustable and controllable injection of minute quantities of liquid catalytic compounds. This injection means and method eliminates the chemical phase change as an integral part of the metering process. Liquid phase injection increases the selection of deliverable catalytic compounds, simplifies control and delivery equipment requirements and increases the potential range and functions of the invention. Liquid phase injection also offers the ability to utilize the combustion air stream, liquid or gaseous fuel stream or an alternate path delivering matter to the combustion process.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsion fuel engine which uses an emulsion fuel as a fuel and contemplates provision of an emulsion fuel engine which prevents inadvertent failure in starting caused by separation of emulsion fuel and deterioration of the durability of parts of an injection system and is reduced in production of NOx or soot and in specific fuel consumption. The emulsion fuel engine comprises a fuel injection pump for supplying a first fuel to a fuel injection nozzle, and emulsion fuel supplying means for supplying an emulsion fuel, which is obtained by emulsifying the first fuel and a second fuel which is insoluble to the first fuel, to an injection pipe between the fuel injection pump and the fuel injection nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel injection method for diesel internal combustion engines uses main injection of a gas main fuel and pilot injection of a liquid secondary fuel to initialize combustion of the main fuel. The liquid fuel is injected by an injector pump designed to enable the engine to achieve its maximum power with the liquid fuel only. The pilot injection comprises a mixture of water and liquid fuel.

Abstract: A fluid injection system for injecting atomized fluids into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine comprising: a fluid reservoir to hold a supply of fluid, means to transport the fluid to a T junction mixer having i) a pre-mixing chamber, ii) a flow adjustable fluid intake port to receive the fluid and deliver it to the pre-mixing chamber, and iii) a simultaneously restricted air and water flow intakes to deliver a predetermined approximately constant ratio air to water flows into the pre-mixing chamber for atomization of the fluids, and collector means to collect and transport the atomized fluid mixture into the intake manifold.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which a supply of treated water charged air is provided to the internal combustion engine. The atomic structure of the water is partially dissassembled due to exposure to oxygen attractive metal and also by the addition of a limited amount of chlorine to the liquid water. Water vapor is provided to the air stream through the use of an evaporative pad; this pad has an adjustable exposed surface area, thereby permitting the fine-tuning adjustment of the amount of humidity generated so as to maximize the efficiency of the engine. The presence of the oxygen attractive metal, such as zinc, when combined with the slightly acidic water vapor tends to dislodge oxygen from the hydrogen; this free oxygen and hydrogen recombine in the engine's cylinder to provide added energy release.

Abstract: A water injection Diesel engine undergoes stable combustion even though the amount of water to be injected is relatively large. A common fuel injection valve of the water injection Diesel engine injects fuel and water into a cylinder of the engine. A change-over valve and a control valve are provided for alternately opening and closing a fuel feed passage and a water feed passage connected to a water passage of the fuel injection valve. Alternatively, control valves are provided for effectively opening and closing a water feed and a fuel feed which are connected discretely with a fuel passage within the fuel injection valve. In each embodiment, a multi-layered column of alternating layers of water and fuel is formed in the fuel injection valve so as to be injected during a single fuel injection cycle.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing a water-in-fuel-emulsion and emulsifier-free water-in-fuel-emulsion. The apparatus for generating a fuel water emulsion for the operation of an injection pump, particularly that of a diesel motor, comprising a rotationally symmetric vortex chamber (1) with a tangential inlet and a tapering axial outlet. In order to generate a fine homogeneous emulsion in colloidal state, having a size of the suspended water droplets of 1000 nm or less, the axial end portion of the vortex chamber (1) facing away from the outlet is surrounded by a ring channel (7) running coaxially to the vortex chamber (1), the ring channel (7) being connected to the vortex chamber (1) via inlet slots (9) which are tangentially aligned to it and in which a fuel inlet channel (8) tangentially ends. An electromagnetically controlled water injection nozzle (10) leads into the end portion of the vortex chamber (1) at the inlet side thereof.

Abstract: The production of a water-in-oil emulsion proceeds by an exact dosing of the desired water-oil ratio in a dosing apparatus. The dosed mixture is fed into a mixing chamber for producing the emulsion proper. Thereafter, the emulsion is fed out of the chamber via a funnel-like narrowing outlet into a storage tank, within which the emulsion is kept in permanent motion. A partial quantity of the emulsion is drawn off this chamber and returned possibly together with newly made emulsion to the mixing chamber. A further partial quantity of the emulsion is drawn off the storage tank and fed to the consumer. The conveying of the mixture and maintaining of the circulation, resp. is achieved by a pump located ahead of the mixing chamber. The apparatus has specific application for the production of a water-in-oil emulsion for the operation of combustion engines or oil burners.

Abstract: A fluid injection system for injecting atomized fluids into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine comprising: a fluid reservoir to hold a supply of fluid, means to transport the fluid to a mixer having (i) a mixing junction, (ii) a flow adjustable fluid intake port to receive the fluid and deliver it to the mixing junction, and (iii) a restricted fixed air flow intake port to deliver a predetermined approximately constant air flow into the mixing junction for atomization of the fluids, and collector means and transport the atomized fluid mixture into the intake manifold.

Abstract: Apparatus to reduce exhaust pollution of internal combustion engines (12) comprises a manifold (26) connected to the cells of the battery (23) of the electrical system associated with the engine (12), the manifold (26) receiving gas/vapor emitted from the battery cells. The manifold (26) is connected by a line (27) to the fuel/air inlet manifold (14) of the engine (12), preferably via the gas recirculation line (22) connecting the crankcase ventilation to the inlet (14). Water vapor taken from the engine radiator (31) can also be drawn into the line (27) through an accumulator (28). A second battery (34) can also be connected to the accumulator (28) to increase the gas/vapor drawn into the inlet (14).

Abstract: A process is described for producing a diesel fuel/water emulsion for a diesel engine in which, as a function of the operating condition of the engine, water and diesel fuel are mixed at different quantitative proportions and supplied to the engine. The water and the diesel fuel separately are led practically to the intake side of the injection pump and are mixed only in the pump cylinder. The non-injected highly pressurized excess quantity of fuel is stored temporarily in an accumulator and is again supplied to the injection pump during the next intake stroke. The process makes it possible to produce a very fine water/fuel mixture and in addition to keep the volume of the fnished water/fuel mixture low, so that when the quantitative proportion is changed because of the inertia of the system, the new fuel/water mixture is available at the point of consumption (injection nozzle).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having three valves per cylinder includes a novel fuel injector that produces a heated 30% liquid/70% vapor fuel mixture at the injector's outlet. This heated fuel mixture combines with air heated to a temperature within the range of 160.degree. F. to 180.degree. F. by thermistor controlled heating elements prior to entering a combustion chamber. To help reduce pollutants and increase efficiency of the engine, a methanol/water vapor mixture is further drawn through a PCV line and combined with the air/fuel mixture prior to entering into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combustion control system for an automotive engine in a vehicle. A sidestream exhaust gas tube has a scoop inlet in the engine's exhaust-gas conduit. A first metallic tube portion leads from the scoop to a point forward of the vehicle's radiator, so that it directly receives ambient air on its exterior surface, thereby cooling the exhaust gas to near ambient-temperature. A water trap then removes condensed water from the sidestream exhaust gas, along with entrained particles. A final insulating tube portion extends rearwardly of the radiator and helps to limit reheating of the cooled exhaust gas while conducting it to a reactor device. There, an inlet for the exhaust gas receives the cooled exhaust gas and conducts it to first ejector for drawing in aqueous liquid and to a second ejector for drawing in atmospheric air and mixing it with the gas-liquid mixture from the first ejector.

Abstract: A process, an apparatus and an agent for the continuous supply of internal combustion engines and/or auxiliary devices thereof with additives are described, the additive being metered continuously into a line, in which an excess liquid operating agent of the combustion engine and/or the auxiliary device is returned to a supply tank.

Abstract: The combustion chamber of an internal-combustion engine is fed via a dispersion supply conduit with a dispersion of water and of fuel supplied via a fuel supply conduit and is fed via an air supply conduit with the air required for the combustion. The exhaust gases generated within the combustion chamber during the combustion are passed via an exhaust gas conduit into a heat exchanger being in connection with a condensate collecting chamber for receiving the condensate formed on cooling the hot exhaust gases and vapors. This condensate is utilized for the production of the fuel-water-dispersion. The heat of condensation being at disposal within the heat exchanger is utilized for heating the dispersion-air-mixture supplied into the combustion chamber of the internal-combustion engine or for heating the air required for the combustion.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for emulsifying and atomizing fluid fuels with secondary fluids, in particular water, which has improved characteristics over commercially available apparata especially as regards the maximum mixable proportion of secondary fluid without undergoing efficiency deterioration, stability, and homogenization level. The apparatus comprises a first mechanical cavitation chamber wherein the fluid fuel and water are mixed and pretreated, a combined action cavitation chamber of a mechanical and electromagmetic type, and a final cavitation chamber, wherein homogenization of the fluid is completed. The combined actions within the intermediate chamber are achieved by generating within the chamber a centered corridor resulting from the effects of high pressure and vacua, and of an appropriate magnetic field. The invention also provides a method of treating fuel fluids by means of the apparatus illustrated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine or burner, comprises series-connected generators of microaerosol particles of water, fuel and/or oxidizer, in which the particles of water serve as carriers for the fuel. The resultant thin layers of fuel substantially increase the surface area of the fuel, and the water core of each particle enables an optimum water content to be achieved.

Abstract: A vapor introduction system having an internal combustion engine which has an exhaust gas blow by hose connected to the intake of the engine. A fitting having a flexible hose is mounted on the cap of the windshield wiper fluid reservoir, with the hose extended to the bottom of the reservoir. A T-shaped coupling having an adjustable valve is connected with the hose to the fitting. The valve has a stem threaded into the coupling and a cone-shaped cap operable to adjust the size of the annular passage through which vapors and air flow from the windshield washer reservoir to the intake of the engine.

Abstract: A method of running an internal combustion engine with alternative fuels such as high or low octane gasoline, paraffin, diesel oil, ethanol, methanol or similar fuels and/or mixtures thereof and combustible gases such as LP-gas and the like at unchanged compression ratio, and which each motor cylinder can be supplied with a further medium besides the fuel for running of the engine and the fuel is heated by the heat from the exhaust system (22, 23). The invention also refers to an internal combustion engine for alternative fuels.

Abstract: A fluid injector for internal combustion engines in which the fluid flow to the engine is indicated in the driver's compartment and in which a mixing chamber in the compartment communicates with a primary vacuum line of the engine and with a fluid reservoir. A valve is disposed between the reservoir and the chamber to prevent the flow of fluid from the reservoir when the engine is not running. A needle valve is disposed in a fluid inlet port for adjusting the volume of fluid entering the chamber. An adjustable air inlet port is disposed in the chamber, and a vacuum gauge is provided for monitoring the vacuum in the chamber. The vacuum from the primary vacuum line draws fluid into the chamber from the reservoir, where the fluid mixes with air and the mixture is drawn to the engine carburetor.

Abstract: This alcohol-water injection system first electrically heats a alcohol-water mixture to a superheated gaseous state, then utilizes the vacuum conditions in the carburetor to control the flow of the gaseous alcohol-water mixture into the intake manifold of the engine where it is mixed with gasoline and air from the carburetor to power the engine.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine includes a fuel pump which draws fuel from a supply tank. A subsidiary fuel tank receives fuel from the supply by way of a conduit which incorporates a one way valve. The inlet of the pump is connected to a pipe which extends to adjacent the lower wall of the subsidiary tank. The subsidiary tank can be pressurized with air to force fuel towards the pump and a safety valve is fitted to the subsidiary tank to limit the pressure build up therein.

Abstract: A combustion control system for an internal combustion engine. A control device with a vortex chamber has a tangential inlet connected to a gas supply at substantially atmospheric pressure, a second inlet, and an axial outlet connected directly to the gas inlet opening of the intake manifold. A condenser condenses water from the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust conduit. A gas inlet of a reactor device has a gas inlet connected directly to the exhaust manifold for drawing gas therefrom and an outlet connected to the second inlet of said control device by a conduit. The reactor device includes one or more ejectors for drawing in atmospheric air and for drawing in liquid water from the condenser, and for mixing the atmospheric air and water with gas from the exhaust manifold.

Abstract: A system for delivering a catalyst into a forced draft entry port of a chemical reaction chamber, such as a fossil-fuel combustion chamber, includes a container having an aqueous solution of the catalyst. A suction line extends from an air space above the solution to the entry port. An intake line at atmospheric pressure enters the container and has an end submerged below the surface of the aqueous solution, the submerged end having a float for maintaining the end at a predetermined distance below the surface and thereby establishing a predetermined back pressure. A layer of oil floats on top of the aqueous solution and may contain a second dissolved catalyst. The air from the intake line bubbles up through the aqueous solution and the oil layer absorbing minute quantities of the catalysts which are carried by the air into the reaction chamber. Rhenium and manganese catalysts improve the efficiency of fossil-fuel combustion such as that of the home oil burner and the automotive engine.

Abstract: A system for providing homogenized fluids of fuel and water utilizes a chamber (70) in which the fuel and water is loaded in predetermined quantities. The chamber contains heater (75) which is electrically activated to convert the liquid fuel and water to their vapor states. The chamber also contains a transducer (74) which vibrates the liquified composition of the fuel and water vapors at high frequency rates so as to additionally homogenize it prior to being transferred to storage vessel (96). A vaporizer (99') may be connected to the storage vessel so as to be fed by the homogenized liquid when this system is used in conjunction with an internal combustion engine. The system may provide mechanism (77, 79) for evacuating chamber (70) prior to loading the fuel and water into such chamber.

Abstract: A system for injecting controlled amounts of water into the fuel intake to the cylinders in proportional response to the pressure in the engine's exhaust manifold. First conduit means, preferably including an extended surface heat sink and a length of flexible, plastic tubing, communicate the exhaust manifold pressure to the upper surface of a supply of water in an enclosed container. A lower part of the container is connected by second conduit means to a point in the fuel intake system, preferably in the air inlet to the carburetor. An adjustable throttling valve is interposed in the second conduit means for selective control of the relation of water flow to exhaust manifold pressure.

Abstract: A flow control system for metering fluid flow in various amounts to a desired discharge point includes electrical signal responsive valves correspondingly mounted in a series of flow lines and switchable between open and close positions. An electrical control means is disclosed for selectively opening the valves individually or simultaneously in groups having relay switch means for operating each of the valves and a triggering means for selectively activating the valve relay switch means as a function of the step positions of a flow regulator device. The invention is especially useful for metering diluent fluid to an emulsification apparatus in the desired proportion as a result of the diesel engine fuel flow set by a locomotive throttle.

Abstract: Fuel additive fluid is induced at two locations relative to the throttle valve of an atomizing carburetor. A first stream of fluid is induced at an upstream position located at or upstream of the throttle valve such that the throttle valve can be closed to block the passageway from the upstream position to the combustion chamber and thereby regulate the flow of fluid therebetween. A second stream of additive fluid is induced at a position downstream of the throttle valve, from which position there is an uninterrupted passageway to the combustion chamber. The fluid is delivered to both positions from a single compartment of a heat exchange device wherein waste engine heat is transfered to the fluid prior to induction.

Abstract: An on-board motor vehicle fuel treatment system for a vehicle having primary and secondary fuel tanks, includes a discrete reservoir for liquid fuel supplement, an electrically powerable constant volumetric displacement pump, a transfer line having a suction line connecting the reservoir to the pump and a delivery line connecting the pump to the tanks, a check valve in each of the suction and delivery lines, a selector valve in the delivery line for normally connecting the pump to the primary tank and alternatively connecting the pump to the secondary tank, a normally open pump switch, an adjustable timer for maintaining the pump switch closed for a duration of time has a timer control for basing time duration on the basis of untreated volumetric units of fuel, and a switch for starting the timer and adjustable time duration for each volumetric unit on the timer control; the timer controlled pump switch is wired in series with the pump and a normally open selector valve switch is wired in series with the pump

Abstract: A fuel supplement supplying device for an internal combustion engine to add a liquid additive such as water, methanol, or the like into the air being introduced prior to be mixed with a fuel is disclosed. The device includes a hollow vaporizing head of porous material disposed within the induction duct leading to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to define a constricted annular zone between the head and the induction duct. The liquid additive as above is fed from a reservoir via a feed line to the vaporizing head where the same is subjected to the negative pressure in response to a vacuum developed in the induction duct upon operation of the engine to whereby be sucked or seeped out through the porous wall of the vaporizing head into the stream of the air passing through said constricted annular zone. The liquid additive thus seeped out is vaporized on the surface of the head in the passing air to moisten the introducing air prior to being mixed with fuel.

Abstract: A combustion control system for an engine having an intake manifold with a throttle, a PCV gas inlet opening into the intake manifold, an exhaust conduit, and a PCV gas conduit. A vortex device has a vortex chamber with a tangential inlet connected to the PCV gas conduit, an axial inlet, and an axial outlet connected directly to the PCV gas inlet opening of the intake manifold. A reactor device has a gas inlet connected directly to the exhaust conduit for drawing gas therefrom and an outlet spaced well apart from the vortex device and connected to the axial inlet of the vortex device by a conduit. The reactor device includes a first ejector for drawing in atmospheric air and mixing it with gas from the exhaust conduit, and a second ejector for drawing in liquid from a source of liquid and sending it into the atmospheric air drawn in by the first ejector means. The vortex device and the reactor are novel in themselves too.

Abstract: The invention provides an internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine, set to run on an emulsion of fuel and water, supplied to an emulsifier through separate fuel and water lines. The water feed preferably is under gravity, and the water line has a metering orifice to control the flow of water. If the engine is provided with emulsion overspill, this is returned through a return line for the overspilled emulsion, and said return line has a surge tank with a vent enabling the venting of air and/or the breaking of vacuum in the return line.

Abstract: An improved supplemental air flow and water injection system for internal combustion engines includes an air and water mixing chamber (24, 96) the contents of which are delivered to the intake fuel manifold of an internal combustion engine. Water is delivered from a storage reservoir (36) to one inlet opening (106) of the mixing chamber, and supplemental air is delivered to the chamber through a normally spring opened, pneumatic check valve (84, 110). The valve and the mixing chamber inlets and outlets are arranged physically so that at low negative pressures at the input manifold the air flow aspirates water into the mixing chamber (24, 96), but so that water is drawn into the chamber by a suction at higher negative pressures in the fuel inlet manifold.

Abstract: A fuel supply system is disclosed in which oil and water are mixed and delivered under pressure to a nozzle or other atomizing means at which combustion is to occur. The mixture of oil and water is delivered to the atomizing means along conduit means and those conduit means include means to produce agitation of the oil and water so that an intimate mixture of oil and water is delivered to the atomizing means. Complete emulsification occurs at the atomizing means to promote combustion.

Abstract: In fuel supply apparatus for an internal combustion engine, hydrogen gas is generated in a reaction vessel by the reaction of an alkali or alkaline earth metal with water and passes through a duct to the intake of the engine. A vacuum-operated non-return valve admits hydrogen gas from the reaction vessel to the duct when the pressure at the engine intake is less than the pressure in the reaction vessel. Air and optionally oxygen, also pass to the engine intake through respective ducts. A valve in each duct is interlinked with those in the other ducts and the valves control the flow of gas in the respective ducts so that the flow of hydrogen to the engine intake is in controlled proportion to the flows of air and oxygen.

Abstract: A controlled amount of a fluid (steam or water or a solution of water plus additives) is injected into an internal combustion engine to improve combustion, efficiency, and to reduce emissions. The amount of the fluid injected is controlled in response to engine need. The steam is generated by the heat produced by the engine. Combustion gas temperature is used to control the amount of steam produced by varying the fluid flow through one or more fixed or variable orifice control valves. The steam is injected in a piston engine to cool peak temperatures, to prevent detonation and pre-ignition, to smooth out hot spots, to prevent auto-ignition or dieseling, and to use the vapor energy in the expansion cycle to increase low speed torque and acceleration. The steam is used to cause full retard of the vacuum spark advance during acceleration at full load from low speed, and a large amount of steam is injected at this point in the cycle to prevent pre-ignition and detonation.

Abstract: The invention utilizes a pump for delivering oil to the atomizing nozzle of a combustion chamber. The system includes a tank with a free piston by which oil introduced at one end from the pump forces water out at the other end at the same pressure as the oil discharged from the pump. The oil and water are then discharged through a pair of adjacent nozzles and mixed and then through an additional nozzle to further mix the oil and water and then conducted to the combustion chamber atomizing nozzle.