Abstract: A controlled amount of a fluid (steam or water or a solution of water plus additives) is injected into an internal combustion engine to improve combustion, efficiency, and to reduce emissions. The amount of the fluid injected is controlled in response to engine need. The steam is generated by the heat produced by the engine. Combustion gas temperature is used to control the amount of steam produced by varying the fluid flow through one or more fixed or variable orifice control valves. The steam is injected in a piston engine to cool peak temperatures, to prevent detonation and pre-ignition, to smooth out hot spots, to prevent auto-ignition or dieseling, and to use the vapor energy in the expansion cycle to increase low speed torque and acceleration. The steam is used to cause full retard of the vacuum spark advance during acceleration at full load from low speed, and a large amount of steam is injected at this point in the cycle to prevent pre-ignition and detonation.

Abstract: A water-alcohol injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a crankcase and a carburetor mounted on the air fuel manifold of the engine, the apparatus including a reservoir for a water-alcohol mixture, a main reservoir conduit connected to the reservoir, a first conduit connecting the main conduit to manifold to provide a continuous flow of the fluid mixture to the manifold, a second conduit connecting the main conduit to the carburetor to provide fluid mixture flow in response to demand and a third conduit connecting the crankcase to the first conduit, the third conduit including a pressure compensating valve to control the flow of crankcase emissions to the carburetor.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for producing an emulsified fuel continuously is disclosed. The emulsion is maintained by recirculating the emulsion and adding a ratio of fuel and water to the system to achieve a desired fuel/water ratio in the recirculation loop.

Abstract: Alcohol and water are mixed as liquids in a volume ratio of water to alcohol in the range 0.3-1.0 to 1. The liquid mixture is heated in heat exchanging relation with the exhaust conduit of a gasoline operated internal combustion engine, to convert the mixture to a gaseous state which is then combined with a mixture of gasoline and air for introduction into the engine. The water-alcohol mixture is 3-14 vol. % of the gasoline.

Abstract: The system is adapted to improve the efficiency and smooth operation of the automobile engine and reduce pollutants expelled from the engine. The normal carburetion function is supplemented by a vacuum induction technique to supply saturated (moisture laden) air to the carburetor where it is mixed with the existing gasoline vapor passing through the carburetor throat. The system is a feedback type using air pressure, preferably filtered by the vehicle air filter (cleaner), coupled to a fuel-water liquid tank where the air passes through the liquid to provide a liquid saturated air source that feeds back to the carburetor throat preferably just above the throttle plate.

Abstract: An arrangement and method is disclosed for improving the fuel economy of an internal combustion engine of the type having a carburetor for mixing a fuel with air, in which the air is saturated with a mixture of ether, alcohol and water.

Abstract: Reactants having negligible activation energy react spontaneously and instantly upon contact to release heat. Such reactants are injected as colliding jets into a working fluid compressed in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The released heat causes the working fluid to expand against a movable member of the engine whereby mechanical energy is developed.Preferred reactants having negligible activation energy are an alkali metal with water and a preferred working fluid is air. The combustion chamber reaction occurs in two distinct steps: In the first step, the alkali metal and water react with negligible activation energy to evolve hydrogen. In the second step, the evolved hydrogen and working fluid oxygen react with substantial activation energy. Undesirable effects of the activation energy are reduced by the substantial portion of heat release occurring in the first step and by improved ignition of the hydrogen as it evolves.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, the method includes admixing air, gasoline vapor, and vaporous droplets of a water solution of calcium hydroxide in the form of a vaporous mixture which is thereafter heated to a temperature of from about 135 and 145 degrees Fahrenheit, and thereafter mixing the admixture with a gasoline-air fuel mixture to form a final combustion fuel mixture in a heated state, and thereafter burning it in the fuel chamber of an internal combustion engine, where the method is accomplished by the passing of air through a gasoline automobile tank and the bubbling of the mixture of the air and gas vapor by passing through a water solution of the metal hydroxide that also preferably includes a metal chlorate at about 35 to 45 grams per gallon of the water solution of hydroxide, and the heating is accomplished by manifold vacuum drawing the mixture in isolation within a tube of copper through manifold space of an engine prior to admixing it with the gasoline-air fuel mixture.

Abstract: An anti-pollution system for an internal combustion engine wherein a container within which is a body of water has an air injection system including first tubing extending into the container, second tubing connected to extract combustion gases from the engine exhaust system to introduce them into the container, third tubing extending from within the container to the engine intake system to subject the interior of the container to vacuum, and a heater energized from the vehicle ignition system for heating the body of water, so that during engine operation combustion gases are introduced into the container where they are cleansed, enriched with air and passed into the fuel intake system.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus for dispersing water within a flowing stream of fuel oil, to produce an oil and water emulsion which improves combustion efficiency by as much as 15 percent. The apparatus includes a pressurized supply of water, a differential pressure regulator, a proportioning or tracking valve, and an emulsifying mixer. The differential pressure regulator provides water to the tracking valve at a pressure which is a constant amount above that of the oil just upstream of the mixing point. The tracking valve has two chambers. A first chamber receives oil and contains a float which moves in response to oil flow therethrough; a float extension penetrates from the first chamber into the second chamber which receives the water, and causes movement of a needle shaped element therein, to vary the water flow path area. The operative valve elements are coaligned and configured especially for responsiveness and accuracy in proportioning.

Abstract: A hot fuel gas generator for an internal combustion engine simultaneously vaporizes gasoline and water in a novel heat exchanger mounted in an exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine. A control valve meters the amount of a water and gasoline mixture supplied to the heat exchanger which delivers the resulting superheated steam and gaseous fuel to the intake manifold by way of an adapter downstream of the location of the usual carburetor. The control valve is actuated by devices responsive in operation to inlet manifold pressure of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A fluid mixer includes a porous foam disc for dispersing fluid flowing therethrough, an inlet disc adjacent one surface of the porous disc for limiting the area of the latter through which fluid may enter the same, an outlet disc proximate an opposite side of the porous disc for limiting the area of the latter at which fluid may leave the same, with the radial location of the inlet area being different from that of the outlet area to obtain dispersed fluid flow through the foam disc. Other features include a fluid orifice assembly using an orifice housing held in fluid-tight relation to a fluid fitting by a radially applied force; and a differential pressure responsive mixing control valve for controlling flow of one fluid into a mixing chamber to which another fluid also is delivered.

Abstract: A fuel and water homogenizing system (300) creates a homogenized fluid of liquid fuel and water within a vessel (310) when the fluid and water within such vessel is agitated by vibrations transduced from electrical energy provided by an AC energy source (400). A predetermined quantity of homogenized fluid is transferred via a conduit (200) to a compartment (24) within a vaporizer (10) to establish a predetermined level in the compartment of the homogenized fluid. To regulate the homogenized fluid level within the compartment (24), another conduit mechanism (305, 306, 307) connects the compartment with the homogenizing vessel pumping back homogenized fluid into the homogenizing vessel when a rise in fluid level within the compartment exceeds a predetermined level.

Abstract: A muffler for internal combustion engines and comprising a housing having an inlet passageway for admitting exhaust gases into the interior of the housing and an outlet passageway for discharging the exhaust gases from the housing, the interior of the housing providing a fluid passageway having a cross-sectional area greater than the cross-sectional area of the inlet and outlet passageways for reducing back pressure as the gases move through the muffler, baffles disposed within the housing and in the fluid passageway for providing a tortuous path of travel for the gases moving between the inlet and outlet passageways to increase the length of the travel of the gases through the muffler and to provide alcoves or pockets in the interior of the housing for cushioning the flow of the gases therethrough in order to equalize the pressure within the muffler, and a passageway providing communication between the interior of the housing and the combustion chamber of the engine for directing a portion of the hot exhaust

Abstract: An air cleaner for a combustion engine including air and fuel induction passages is provided and the air cleaner defines an inner chamber downstream from an associated air filter element. The inner chamber opens into the air and fuel induction passages of the engine and a reservoir for an evaporative liquid is provided, including an upper portion defining a filtered air inlet and a vapor outlet. An elongated conduit extends between and communicates the vapor outlet with the inner chamber within the air cleaner and a liquid absorbent and porous body is provided within the chamber for floating on the liquid therein, the body when in use defining increased wetted surface area from which liquid contained within the reservoir may be evaporated by air entering the reservoir through the air inlet and being drawn from the reservoir through the vapor outlet.

Abstract: A vaporizer cooperating with a recirculating water system humidifies air before it enters the carburetor of an automobile engine. The vaporizer is generally a hollow tube which includes an evaporating pad that distributes liquid such as water. As air moves through the vaporizer, vapor moves into the air stream. Excess liquid is collected at the bottom of a larger portion of the vaporizer, whose air outlet is elevated from that bottom to prevent liquid phase water from leaving the vaporizer. The recirculating system drains collected excess water.

Abstract: A fuel is prepared for efficient combustion in an oil burner by mixing fuel oil with from 30 to 60% by volume of water. The apparatus for mixing the oil and water include turbulence created by fluid flow and turbulence created by mechanical agitation. Compressed air used to create turbulence and mixing provides better combustion and less pollution when burning the resulting mixture.

Abstract: A fuel system for and a method of operating an internal combustion engine wherein an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide is injected into the combustion chamber after a conventional fuel and combustion gas mix (i.e. gasoline-air) has been ignited. The hydrogen peroxide and water charge supplies additional oxygen to insure complete combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel and simultaneously the high energy content present in the hydrogen peroxide serves to boost the power output of the engine. Furthermore, the water in the hydrogen peroxide charge produces a washing effect on the engine combustion chamber which enables combustion to proceed at a lowered temperature which results in lowered NO.sub.x content of the exhaust gas. The more complete fuel combustion brought about by this system also eliminates the need for catalytic converters.

Abstract: A fuel supply system comprises a supply tank with a main fuel conduit leading to a combustion zone, such as an internal combustion engine, and a secondary fuel conduit with flow restriction means is provided leading from the lowermost region of the tank to rejoin the main fuel conduit prior to the combustion zone so that any water accumulating in the tank is mixed with fuel to be burned at the combustion zone.

Abstract: A system for providing homogenized mixtures of hydrocarbon fuel and water utilizes a chamber in which the fuel and water is injected in a predetermined ratio. The chamber contains a transducer which is electrically excited and therefore vibrates the mixture at high frequency rates so as to homogenize it prior to the mixture being fed to a fuel injector or carburetor.

Abstract: A single-piston or multi-piston two-stroke internal combustion engine for introducing into the working space or working spaces of the one cylinder or of the several cylinders respectively a pressurized fluid such as a gas, ambient air or a gaseous mixture or a mixture of a gaseous medium and a liquid at approximately an intermediate height of the cylinder working space between top and bottom dead center positions of the piston head surface for separating inflowing fuel-air mixture from the exiting combustion gases and for establishing a layer charge overlying the piston head. The two-stroke engine is provided with an additional inlet port for admitting this additional pressurized fluid into the cylinder working space, the inlet port being in communication with fluid supply means and optionally including an automatically pressure operated or positively actuated control member.

Abstract: A combustion control system adds a fluid and heat energy to the air-fuel mixture of the induction system of an internal combustion engine in response to engine need to improve combustion, to increase power, to improve efficiency, and to reduce emissions.The system incorporates fluidic control mechanisms which provide the control functions without any moving parts.The system incorporates one or more variable impedance flow control mechanisms, each of which produces an impedance to flow through the control mechanism which varies in a controlled relationship to the pressure differential across the control mechanism.In one embodiment, the main variable impedance control mechanism is a vortex chamber. The outlet of the vortex chamber is connected to the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) inlet to intake manifold downstream of the butterfly valve.The vortex chamber has inputs for supplying air, the liquid, exhaust gases, and PCV gases for mixing within the vortex chamber.

Abstract: A unique process is disclosed for modifying an automobile engine to improve fuel economy and reduce harmful exhaust emissions by introducing water and an oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide, when the engine is under load. The carburetor of a standard engine is adjusted to provide a very lean air-fuel mixture and to increase the air-fuel ratio substantially (e.g., 10 to 20 percent). The amount of hydrogen peroxide injected into the engine depends on the rate of fuel flow and may be regulated by the throttle valve or intake manifold pressure. Means are provided for maintaining a supply of hydrogen peroxide including a high pressure mixing tank containing water and hydrogen peroxide and a pair of removable oxygen tanks for a continuous supply of oxygen to the tank.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine designed to operate with hydrogen fuel, comprises means for mixing water in the form of droplets, spray, or mist with gaseous hydrogen. The water-containing hydrogen gas is then introduced along with air in proportion for practical internal combustion and efficient power output to the cylinders or combustion chambers of the engine for combustion. In one embodiment of the invention, water vapor is condensed from the exhaust gases from the engine, and the condensed water is used as the source of water to be mixed with hydrogen fuel so as to provide a continuing, self-supporting system. The resulting exhaust emissions from the engine are very low in oxides of nitrogen, and, in addition, engine backfiring is eliminated while the efficiency and power output of the engine is improved.

Abstract: An automobile engine is fueled with a mixture of air and a vapor derived by passing electric current through an electrolytically conductive emulsion of gasoline and water. Specific compositions of the conductive emulsions are disclosed as are unique designs for vaporizers for the fuel.

Abstract: A fluid mixing apparatus introduces a controlled amount of gas into a liquid flowing through a conduit.The fluid mixing apparatus incorporates a flow control device which is constructed to produce a variable impedance to fluid flow through the control device. The impedance varies in a pre-planned relationship to the pressure differential across the flow control device and to an acceleration of the flow within the control device.The control device has an outlet connected to the interior of the liquid carrying conduit and has a gas inlet for supplying the gas to the interior of the control device.In a specific embodiment, the flow control device is a vortex chamber which produces rotation of the gas flowing through the gas inlet. This rotation produces a self-choking effect on the gas flowing from the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract: A combustion control system adds fluid to the air fuel mixture of the induction system of an internal combustion engine in response to the engine's need for the added fluid to improve combustion, to increase power, to improve efficiency, and to reduce emissions.The combustion control system includes a variable impedance, fluidic control mechanism which produces an impedance to flow through the mechanism which varies in relationship to the pressure differential applied across and to an acceleration of flow through the control mechanism. In one embodiment, the variable impedance flow control mechanism is a vortex chamber, and in another embodiment it is a Venturi. Both embodiments have an outlet which is connected to the induction system above the butterfly valve of the engine.A second variable impedance fluidic control mechanism controls the mixing of air with PCV gases in response to suction in the induction system of the engine; this second control has an outlet which is connected below the butterfly valve.

Abstract: Apparatus for injecting controlled amounts of water vapor into an internal combustion engine includes a water receptacle and conduit connecting the receptacle at a level above the water level therein to the intake manifold of the engine. An air inlet is also provided in the receptacle and a conduit extends from the air inlet into the receptacle below the water level. A third conduit bleeds exhaust gas from the exhaust system into the water receptacle to influence the rate at which water vapor is withdrawn from the water receptacle and conducted to the intake manifold such that at increased engine outputs the rate of water vapor injection is increased whereas at lower engine outputs the rate of water vapor injection is decreased.

Abstract: Water, with chemical additives and metallic salts therein, is injected into an internal combustion engine, such as for automobiles, to reduce production of carbon monoxide and by reducing the amounts of oxides of nitrogen. Metallic salts may be added to tap water by use of an electrolysis cell connected to the engine's battery or alternator.

Abstract: The liquid metal sodium-potassium alloy called NaK reacts with water and air to release energy and to form hydroxides of NaK. The hydroxides are transported in solution by pipeline to be regenerated to NaK metal by electrolysis, the NaK metal being transported by a second pipeline to be dispensed to automobiles. The present invention is an internal combustion engine based on an explosive reaction of NaK and water sprays in the presence of air. A two cycle piston engine with NaK and water injected near maximum compression is preferred.

Abstract: A vapor injection system for an internal combustion engine including a mist chamber having a perforated section communicating with the inlet to the carburetor and a water tube and an air tube discharging jets of water and air, respectively, in convergent paths within the mist chamber to create an atomized water spray. The perforated section of the mist chamber assures the complete atomization of all water particles passing into the carburetor.