Abstract: A fuel injector includes a nozzle body having spray orifices formed therein each defining a spray orifice diameter dimension (d), and a plurality of spray ducts each in spray path alignment with one of the plurality of spray orifices and including a duct outlet defining a duct exit diameter dimension (D). Each of the spray ducts defines, together with the respective one of the spray orifices, a relative spray area reduction (SAR) at the duct outlet. The ratio of D/d is at least 14, and the SAR is 80% or greater. The configuration provides reduced soot production. Related methodology is disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel injector assembly for a fuel-actuated fuel injector includes an injector body, and an injection control valve assembly. The injector body includes therein a low-pressure fuel passage extending from a clamping face to an armature cavity to convey spent actuating fuel to the armature cavity. The fuel injector assembly also includes a flushing drain formed by the injector body and fluidly connected to at least one of a valve pin bore in the injector body or the armature cavity. The flushing drain forms, together with the low-pressure fuel passage and the armature cavity, a cooling circuit for the spent actuating fuel. The flushing drain extends to a drain opening formed in an outer body surface of the injector body. Related methodology is also disclosed.

Abstract: An engine system of the present disclosure includes an engine configured to drive a plurality of pistons by burning a mixture of air and gas, an air supply pipe through which the air supplied to the engine flows, a supercharger configured to compress the air flowing through the air supply pipe, a gas supply pipe through which the gas supplied to the engine flows, and a mixer configured to mix the air that has passed through the supercharger and the gas. The mixer has a venturi tube shape in which a cross-sectional area of a flow path decreases and expands in a flow direction of the air that has passed through the supercharger, and the gas supply pipe is connected to a portion of the mixer where the cross-sectional area of the flow path in the mixer is decreased.

Abstract: An injection structure using integrated exhaust heat recovery system (EHRS) condensate, the structure including an integrated heat exchange part connected to an engine of a vehicle and branched from an exhaust outlet of an exhaust manifold to integrate exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and EHRS, a condensate circuit part extended from a rear end of the integrated heat exchange part to the engine of the vehicle and configured to move exhaust gas condensate, a three-phase valve configured to open and close so that a low-temperature coolant is selectively introduced into the integrated heat exchange part according to operating conditions, an EGR valve configured to open and close so that EGR gas with filtered condensate flows into the engine of the vehicle, a bypass valve fluidly connected to an exhaust muffler, and a controller configured to control opening and closing of the three-phase valve, the EGR valve, and the bypass valve according to the operating conditions.

Abstract: A transport refrigeration system (200) comprising: a vehicle (102) having a refrigerated cargo space (119); a refrigeration unit (22) in operative association with the refrigerated cargo space, the refrigeration unit providing conditioned air to the refrigerated cargo space; a first engine (26) configured to power the refrigeration unit; a plurality of first fuel tanks (330) fluidly connected to the first engine, the plurality of first fuel tanks configured to supply fuel to the first engine, wherein each of the plurality of first fuel tanks includes a lock off valve (450) and a pressure sensor (470) configured to detect a pressure level within each of the first fuel tanks; and one or more engine controllers (54) in electronic communication with each pressure sensor and lock off valve, the one or more engine controllers being configured to adjust at least one of the lock off valves in response to a pressure level detected by at least one of the pressure sensors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling gaseous fuel pressure in an accumulator (12) of a fuel system (10) for a combustion engine (102) of a vehicle (100), wherein the method comprises the steps of: determining a nominal amount of gaseous fuel to be introduced into the accumulator; introducing less gaseous fuel into the accumulator than the determined nominal amount by reducing or closing an inlet valve (24), which inlet valve is adapted to regulate input of gaseous fuel to the accumulator; and while the inlet valve is reduced or closed, performing at least one injection of gaseous fuel coming from the accumulator into at least one combustion chamber (104a-f) of the combustion engine by at least one injector (14a-f) of the fuel system, which at least one injection contributes to combustion in the combustion engine, thereby reducing pressure in the accumulator. The invention also relates to a corresponding fuel system (10).

Abstract: A cold start split injection control method is provided. The method includes a split injection controller which determines cold start conditions of an engine system, an injection mode control which performs a cold start split injection by an operation of an injector and an injection malfunction diagnostic control which performs an injection malfunction diagnostic with any one or more among an injector opening angle, an injector operating time, and the number of injector operation times which are measured through the fuel injection of the injector.

Abstract: An injector (1) for injecting fuel and an additional fluid, is provided in that the injector (1) is designed for optimal space-saving yet exhibiting a simple construction. This construction results in a precise injection of a fuel and an additional fluid into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The arrangement has two solenoid valves, the first valve (2) and the second valve (3). The second solenoid valve (3) has a second nozzle needle (9) which is arranged in the injector (1), and the first nozzle needle (7) of the first solenoid valve (2) and the second nozzle needle (9) of the second solenoid valve (3) are arranged one behind the other on a longitudinal axis (10) of the injector (1). Further, the nozzle needles (7, 9) can be controlled independently of one another.

Abstract: Provided is a highly reliable abnormal state determination system that can prevent erroneous determination even in a case where a determination condition for determining an abnormal state in measurement using a sensor cannot be changed. Provided is an abnormal state determination system 100 including: an abnormal state determination unit 40 configured to determine an abnormal state by using a detection signal based on a signal output from a sensor 10; and a specific processing unit 50 configured to, when a predetermined condition is satisfied, perform control processing for adjusting strength of the detection signal before the detection signal is input to the abnormal state determination unit 40.

Abstract: An injection control device controls the opening and closing of a fuel injection valve by performing peak current drive and constant current drive and controls injection of fuel from the fuel injection valve to an internal combustion engine. The injection control device includes a preheat current energization control unit configured to, when a temperature of a solenoid coil of the fuel injection valve prior to starting the internal combustion engine is lower than a predetermined temperature, energize the fuel injection valve with a preheat current having an output density that causes the temperature of the solenoid coil to increase, the preheat current being within a range that maintains the fuel injection valve in a valve closed state, and when the temperature of the solenoid valve increases to or above the predetermined temperature, stop the energization of the fuel injection valve with the preheat current.

Abstract: An electronic fuel injection throttle body unit has a core body with two side components. The two side components each including a fuel delivery passage. Four air intake passages extending vertically through the throttle body. Valves are rotatable within the air intake passages. The valves being connected to valve shafts that rotate about respective valve shaft axes. The valve shaft axes and the fuel delivery passages are perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston head having a central axis and a top surface. The top surface of the piston includes a piston bowl, a circumferentially extending recess located radially outside the piston bowl, a plurality of diverters located within the recess, and a crown portion located radially outside the recess and extending to an outer surface of the piston.

Abstract: To allow linking a fuel cock and an engine switch with a simple configuration and reducing residual fuel, a switch plate (link component) that links a fuel cock and an engine switch is provided. The switch plate includes: an extending portion (switch operation portion) pressed by a cam, which rotates integrally with the fuel cock, to switch off the engine switch when the fuel cock is further rotated beyond a position where the fuel cock is switched from ON to OFF; and a cam contact wall where the cam comes into contact to change rotational resistance of the fuel cock to allow providing a predetermined operation feeling when the fuel cock further rotates beyond the position where the fuel cock is switched from ON to OFF.

Abstract: A vehicle which supplies a fuel from a fuel tank to an air-intake passage comprises a first injector which injects the fuel into the air-intake passage; a second injector which is disposed to be apart from the first injector in a flow direction of intake-air and injects the fuel into the air-intake passage; a fuel pump which discharges the fuel from the fuel tank; a first fuel tube, a first end of which is connected to the fuel pump; a second fuel tube, a first end of which is connected to the second injector; and a connector which is connected to a second end of the first fuel tube, a second end of the second fuel tube, and the first injector, and distributes the fuel from the first fuel tube, to the second fuel tube and the first injector, and the connector is firmly coupled to the first injector.

Abstract: A fuel injection control device includes processing circuitry, which executes an estimating process to estimate pressure in first and second fuel storage members connected to first and second fuel injection valves. The estimating process includes: estimating the pressure in the first fuel storage member based on a detection value of a pressure sensor that detects the pressure in the first fuel storage member and a cycle of pulsation in the first fuel storage member, which is determined in accordance with an interval of fuel injections in a first bank; and estimating the pressure in the second fuel storage member by assuming that a phase of a periodic fluctuation of the pressure in the second fuel storage member and a phase of a periodic fluctuation of the pressure in the first fuel storage member are in antiphase.

Abstract: A pressurized fuel system for an engine includes a fuel pump in a pump protection device structured to drain pressurized fuel from a common rail to provide fuel flow through the fuel pump that limits cavitation. The device includes a valve mechanism having a first valve and a second valve that are movable to an open position and a closed position respectively, in response to valve opening and valve closing rail pressures. The active pressure range of the device may be a medium pressure range.

Abstract: A liquid-gas separation unit of a dual-fuel engine is provided. The liquid-gas separation unit includes an exhaust conduit and a separator mounted on the exhaust conduit. The exhaust conduit has a first end and a second end distal to the first end. The first end of the exhaust conduit is coupled to a gaseous fuel supply conduit of the dual-fuel engine for receiving a leaked liquid fuel and a gaseous fuel. The leaked liquid fuel is received from at least one injector of the dual-fuel engine. Further, the separator is adapted to separate the leaked liquid fuel from the gaseous fuel before ejecting the gaseous fuel through the second end of the exhaust conduit.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel injection valve that can achieve sufficient atomization even if the spray angle is narrow.

Abstract: A fuel injector has a seat and at least one seat passage. The seat includes an outer tip surface through which the seat passage extends. Fin structure is provided in the outer tip surface and is constructed and arranged to increase a surface area of the outer tip surface as compared to a surface area of the outer tip surface absent the fin structure. The outer tip surface, including the fin structure, is constructed and arranged to be heated by combustion gases so that the outer tip surface reaches a temperature greater than a temperature that the outer tip surface would reach absent the fin structure, so as to cause evaporation of fuel that contacts the outer tip surface.

Abstract: A fuel-saving device for treating a fuel includes at least one pyroelectric element to be in contact with the fuel. The at least one pyroelectric element includes a high molecular polymer substrate and a plurality of polarized pyroelectric particles dispersed in the polymer substrate. The polarized pyroelectric particle has infrared absorption peaks at wavenumber ranging from 430 cm?1 to 980 cm?1 and from 1600 cm?1 to 2700 cm?1.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine including a supercharger and a waste gate valve, the supercharger including a compressor an electric motor, and a turbine, the turbine being provided in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, the waste gate valve being provided in a bypass passage that bypasses the turbine, the control device includes circuitry. The circuitry is configured to drive the electric motor in a high-load operation state in which the load of the internal combustion engine is determined to be equal to or larger than a first reference load and the temperature of the exhaust gas is determined to be expected to be higher than a reference temperature. The circuitry is configured to increase an opening degree of the waste gate valve in the high-load operation state.

Abstract: An exhausted gas temperature measurement device includes a first exhausted gas temperature output portion, a second exhausted gas temperature output portion, an over-correction determining portion, and a measurement value output portion. The first exhausted gas temperature output portion outputs an uncorrected value that corresponds to an output of a temperature sensor. The second exhausted gas temperature output portion outputs a corrected value based on a response lag model. The over-correction determining portion determines, based on the uncorrected value and the corrected value, whether the over-correction occurs. The measurement value output portion outputs the corrected value as the measurement value when the over-correction determining portion does not determine that the over-correction occurs, and the measurement value output portion outputs a value different from the corrected value when the over-correction determining portion determines that the over-correction occurs.

Abstract: Methods and systems for supplying starting a diesel engine that does not include glow plugs are described. In one example, a flow through a cylinder is limited during engine cranking to heat charge in a cylinder. In another example, a compressor is activated and air supplied to engine cylinders is heated via the engine and the compressor and recirculated to improve engine starting.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for intrusion detection are described herein. An electronic device for intrusion detection includes memory circuitry to store a set of signature voltage ratios and a corresponding set of node identifiers, each node identifier corresponding to a unique signature voltage ratio; and security circuitry to: compare voltages received at a first and second measuring point on a bus, the voltages resulting from a message transmitted by a sending node on the bus, the first measuring point providing a first voltage and the second measuring point providing a second voltage; calculate a test voltage ratio from the first voltage and the second voltage; determine whether the test voltage ratio is in the set of signature voltage ratios; and initiate a security response based on whether the test voltage ratio is in the set of signature voltage ratios.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine injector valve or combustion initiator has a portion that is a catalyst for a steam reformation process that takes place in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine following injection of a steam reforming fuel and an aqueous fluid into the combustion chamber during an intake gas compression phase of an operating cycle of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber. The chamber includes a body that is movable in the chamber to vary the chamber volume and contains a catalyst. First valving is operable to admit an intake gas into the chamber and second valving connected with an aqueous fluid supply system is operable to admit an aqueous fluid and a steam reforming fuel into the chamber. A controller is configured to cause the second valving to admit a aqueous fluid and an amount of the steam reforming fuel into the chamber and when a predetermined condition exists in the chamber during compression of the intake gas to absorb heat generated by the compression of the intake gas in the presence of the catalyst to promote a steam reformation process to separate hydrogen from the steam reforming fuel or the aqueous fluid.

Abstract: An electronic fuel injection throttle body unit has a core body with two side components. The two side components each including a fuel delivery passage. Four air intake passages extending vertically through the throttle body. Valves are rotatable within the air intake passages. The valves being connected to valve shafts that rotate about respective valve shaft axes. The valve shaft axes and the fuel delivery passages are perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for increasing the accuracy of air charge estimation for a cylinder that is selectively deactivatable. A controller may deactivate the cylinder in accordance with a firing pattern selected based on torque demand. An air charge estimate of the firing cylinder is then adjusted based on whether the cylinder was fired or skipped on a previous engine cycle when operating according to the selected firing pattern.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve is caused to inject fuel in a latter half of a compression stroke in such a manner that a fuel concentration immediately before start of combustion is higher in a middle portion of a combustion chamber than in an outer peripheral portion thereof in a low load range where the engine load is lower than a predetermined set reference load. An intake valve driving device is controlled in such a manner that an intake valve closing timing in the low load range is advanced on a retard side with respect to an intake bottom dead center in a case where the engine speed is high, as compared with a case where the engine speed is low, and intake air within a cylinder is blown back toward an intake port at least in a range where the engine speed is low.

Abstract: A method for reducing an exhaust gas of a mild hybrid system may include determining by an electronic control unit (ECU) whether an engine enters a full load region or a partial load region, based on a position of an accelerator pedal, controlling, by the ECU, the operation of an electric supercharger, based on information on an engine rotational frequency, when a vehicle is driven while being accelerated in a state in which the engine enters the full load region, and controlling, by the ECU, the operation of the electric supercharger by determining whether the vehicle is accelerated, based on an incremental slope of the position of the accelerator pedal, when the engine enters the partial load region.

Abstract: A method for predefining a current through a solenoid coil of a solenoid valve, a closing point in time of the solenoid valve being detected with the aid of a sensor, a sensor value being monitored, and, when a premature closing of the solenoid valve is identified based on the monitored sensor value, the current through the solenoid coil of the solenoid valve is increased.

Abstract: A dual fuel common rail engine supplies pressurized natural gas and liquid diesel fuel at different pressures through a co-axial quill assembly for direct injection from a single fuel injector into an engine cylinder. Pressure waves in the gaseous fuel common rail are damped in a pressure damping chamber of the co-axial quill assembly to promote consistent gaseous fuel injection rates and quantities from the fuel injector.

Abstract: A fuel injection device for smooth discharge of a gas accumulated therein comprising a fuel pump, a solenoid valve for injecting pressurized fuel into the intake passage of an engine, a high-pressure fuel passage extending from the fuel pump to the solenoid valve and has a medially positioned constant-pressure chamber, and a fuel return passage connected to a fuel return pipe, with the fuel return passage extending from the constant-pressure chamber and having a medially positioned priming pump. The constant-pressure chamber is configured with the top wall in the upper space thereof disposed above the opening of the high-pressure fuel passage opposite the solenoid valve, the fuel return passage opens into the upper space at a position above the opening of the high-pressure fuel passage, and the gas accumulating in the constant-pressure chamber is discharged from the upper space toward the fuel tank via the fuel return passage.

Abstract: A control device for an engine includes an ECU. The ECU is configured to: control an actual fuel pressure supplied to a fuel injector to a target fuel pressure; calculate a required energization time required for fuel injection equivalent in amount to a required injection quantity; set a energization time for each injection based on the required energization time; execute a switching processing for switching a manner in which the energization time is set when the required energization time is shorter than a predetermined time; set the required energization time as a set value of the energization time through the switching processing when a deviation between the actual fuel pressure and the target fuel pressure is equal to or larger than a predetermined value; and set the predetermined time as the set value of the energization time when the deviation is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A display system for an engine includes a processor configured to receive a first measurement indication relating to a measurement of a fuel control valve position of the engine, wherein the fuel control valve position is configured to control an air/fuel ratio of the engine. The processor is further configured to compare the first measurement indication to a first preset fuel control valve range, generate a first completion indication based on when the measurement is within the first preset fuel control valve range, and display the first completion indication on a display of the display system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are providing for improving zero flow lubrication (ZFL) of a high pressure fuel pump coupled to direct fuel injectors via a direct injection fuel rail. A ZFL transfer function for the fuel pump is learned while fuel is at non-nominal fuel bulk modulus conditions and corrected for variations from a nominal fuel bulk modulus estimate. When zero flow lubrication of the pump is requested, the pump is operated with a duty cycle based on the learned transfer function and an instantaneous estimate of the fuel bulk modulus to compensate for differences in fuel condition from the nominal fuel bulk modulus estimate.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the velocity of a pintle assembly in a solenoid fuel injector during a closing stroke of the pintle assembly, such that a braking step is performed during the closing stroke, which includes operating an injector driver with a current regulator to establish a braking current in the solenoid coil. The velocity of the pintle assembly is derived from the duty-cycle of the current regulator during the braking step. A method of operating a solenoid fuel injector, in particular for gaseous fuel, using the so-determined pintle velocity is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a touch device including a substrate and a touch-sensing electrode layer thereon. The touch-sensing electrode layer includes at least one sensing electrode in a touch-sensing region, and at least one conducting line in a non-touch-sensing region. The conducting line is electrically connected to the sensing electrode. The non-touch-sensing region is located outside of the touch-sensing region, and the non-touch-sensing region includes a curve region connecting a first non-curve region and a second non-curve region. The conducting line has a first width in the first non-curve region, a second width in the second non-curve region, and a third width in the curve region, wherein the third width is greater than the first width and the second width.

Abstract: An electrical plug device is configured for the connection of a magnet coil and/or of a sensor element to a contact partner of a counterpiece cooperating with the electrical plug device. The electrical plug device has at least one first portion, which comprises the magnet coil and/or the sensor element and at least one electrical contact element. The magnet coil and/or the sensor element and the at least one electrical contact element of the first portion are non-detachably interconnected. The electrical plug device also has a second portion, which is produced separately from the first portion and is type-specific in relation to the counterpiece. The second portion is joined to the first portion and surrounds the electrical contact element, at least in part.

Abstract: When an EGR control valve is fixed and a valve opening degree EGRVO of the EGR control valve is greater than a valve-opening threshold value EGRVOth, a limit value Qlim of the intake air amount is set to a prescribed amount Qlim1. Conversely when the EGR control valve is fixed and the valve opening degree EGRVO of the EGR control valve is less than or equal to the valve-opening threshold value EGRVOth, the limit value Qlim of the intake air amount is set to a prescribed amount Qlim2.

Abstract: A check vale for injecting fuel comprises: an integrally formed body provided with a neck-down portion having a diameter smaller than other areas on an outer surface of an upper portion of a fuel flow hole; an integrally formed spindle perpendicularly penetrating the body and provided with a neck-down portion having a diameter smaller than other areas on an outer surface of a lower portion of the fuel flow hole of the body; a spring surrounding an upper end portion of the spindle; a spring seat for fixing the spring surrounding the upper end portion of the spindle and for guiding the spindle to a perpendicular position; a coupling ring coupled to an upper end of the body for fixing the body to a prechamber; and a spacer coupled to a lower end of the body for fixing the lower end of the body that covers an outer edge of the spindle to the prechamber.

Abstract: A fuel injection device for smooth discharge of a gas accumulated therein comprising a fuel pump, a solenoid valve for injecting pressurized fuel into the intake passage of an engine, a high-pressure fuel passage extending from the fuel pump to the solenoid valve and has a medially positioned constant-pressure chamber, and a fuel return passage connected to a fuel return pipe, with the fuel return passage extending from the constant-pressure chamber and having a medially positioned priming pump. The constant-pressure chamber is configured with the top wall in the upper space thereof disposed above the opening of the high-pressure fuel passage opposite the solenoid valve, the fuel return passage opens into the upper space at a position above the opening of the high-pressure fuel passage, and the gas accumulating in the constant-pressure chamber is discharged from the upper space toward the fuel tank via the fuel return passage.

Abstract: A fuel injection control device sets an injection sharing ratio of a quantity of a fuel injected in an intake stroke, and a quantity of a fuel injected in a compression stroke, based on an operating state or an environmental condition of the engine, and manipulates the cylinder fuel injection device so as to inject a part or all of a required fuel in the intake stroke and inject a remaining part in the compression stroke, in accordance with the set injection sharing ratio. The injection sharing ratio is set so as to make a proportion of the quantity of the fuel which is injected in the intake stroke larger when a temperature of air which is taken into a cylinder is higher than a fuel which is injected from the cylinder fuel injection device, as compared to when the temperature of the air is lower than the fuel.

Abstract: A dual fuel compression ignition engine operates by injecting gaseous fuel and liquid diesel fuel from a common fuel injector directly into each engine cylinder. The gaseous fuel is ignited by compression igniting a small pilot injection quantity of the liquid diesel fuel. Evaporated natural gas from a cryogenic tank and/or a fuel conditioning module is dosed into an intake manifold of the engine with an electronically controlled supply valve. The electronically controlled supply valve may open to supply evaporated gas to the intake manifold contingent upon combustion conditions in the engine cylinder demonstrating a low risk of methane slip, and the dosing quantities are limited to reduce risk of ignition of an air/gas mixture in the intake manifold.

Abstract: A turbine section according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, an airfoil including an edge and a probe positioned a distance from the airfoil. The probe is configured to detect radiation emitted from a radiation source. A sensor is operatively coupled to the probe and is configured to generate a signal utilized to determine when the edge of the airfoil extends into a line-of-sight between the probe and the radiation source.

Abstract: A one-step starting carburetor system includes a body, a middle body, a fuel inlet pipe, a fuel outlet pipe, a lower cover and a temperature controller which is connected to the lower cover. The fuel inlet pipe pumps fuel from an oiler through the pipe. The fuel outlet pipe connects with an oil pumping unit through a pipe. The body connects with a pulse generator through a pipe, wherein the pulse generator comprises a pulse generating chamber, a cover, and a solenoid valve.

Abstract: An air cutoff valve (ACV) is provided. The full open state of the flap valve is maintained using the latchet which operates as the solenoid is turned on and off, so the restart performance is significantly enhanced as the air is quickly supplied by the ACV when the engine stops abnormally irrespective of a driver's intention, and since the ACV is made from a plastic material, the assembling process of the molding formation is simplified, so the unit cost for manufactures is reduced, and the corrosion phenomenon due to moisture can be prevented, and the operation reliability can be enhanced.

Abstract: A dimethyl ether (DME) common-rail fuel supply apparatus, may include a fuel pump fluid-connected to a fuel tank and a common rail and supplying DME fuel supplied via a fuel supply line from the fuel tank to the common rail, an injector receiving the DME fuel from the common rail and injecting the DME fuel at a predetermined pressure, a detector disposed on a fuel return line fluid-connecting the injector and the fuel tank to collect a fuel returned from the injector to the fuel tank, and a fuel amount control valve returning a portion of a fuel in the fuel pump to the fuel return line connected to the injector according to a value measured by the detector.

Abstract: A hybrid fuel injection and carburetor assembly for delivering a fuel and air mixture into an intake manifold of an engine is provided. The assembly includes a housing and a plurality of inserts with Venturi-shaped bores to establish low pressure regions in the flow of air. The housing and inserts cooperate with one another to present cavities, and the inserts include apertures extending between the cavities and the low-pressure regions. The assembly also includes fuel injectors in fluid communication with the cavities. In operation, fuel is injected at a high pressure into the cavities to the point, and the pressurized fuel is delivered into the low pressure air via the apertures. Because of the large pressure difference between the pressurized fuel in the cavities and the low pressure air, the fuel becomes very atomized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquefied petroleum fuel system for internal combustion engines that improves fuel economy by mixing vaporized liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and ambient air at substantially equal random kinetic energies. The system maintains a certain vapor pressure in the LPG tank and delivers the LPG in a gaseous phase to an LPG burning device at a set pressure and temperature. The cycle repeats as necessary to maintain the desired pressure in the tank.