Abstract: A cleaning fluid for fabrics includes one or more hydrochlorofluorocarbons and/or hydrofluorocarbons, one or more alcohols, and one or more paraffinic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An automated open topped apparatus and improved method for cleaning soil from metal parts which employs a low vapor tension, low density, LVTC, liquid cleaner in a first tank and a high vapor tension, higher density, immiscible rinse, HVTR, liquid in a second tank and a rinse vapor zone above both tanks in the apparatus which provides steps and means for preventing rinse vapor loss during shut down periods by using microprocessor controlled steps that cause a layer of the liquid cleaner to be positioned atop and cover the liquid rinse in its tank and at the end of the idle period returns the liquid cleaner cover to the first tank and re-starts the cleaning process and thereafter monitors and controls cleaning operation until the succeeding shut down period.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions containing difluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and an alcohol. These compositions can be used especially as solvent for cleaning electronic components and for degreasing metals.

Abstract: A method has been developed for the removal of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide, or other semiconductor materials from a surface of a wafer or CVD reactor. The method uses NF.sub.3, mixed with an electropositive diluent, preferably argon, at a given range of concentration, pressure, flowrate, and power to obtain the fastest possible etch rates. The etch rates of the film being processed can be caused to increase even as the concentration of NF.sub.3 in the diluent is decreased by choosing the proper diluent and operating conditions. Not only does this method increase the etch rate, thereby increasing the throughput of the reactor using this process, it also accomplishes this task at low concentrations of NF3 resulting in a lower cost.

Abstract: A process isolates, in a closed circulation, the soluble fluid carried over into a rinsing bath from said rinsing bath and to return the fluid into the upstream bath. To this end, enrichment by separating the soluble fluid from the rinsing bath is provided, the enriched fluid, which has been carried over, is returned into the upstream bath together with solvent, where the solvent is separated out with the use of a membrane.

Abstract: The process of this invention is directed to recovering diluted aqueous latex paint collected during cleaning of latex paint manufacturing equipment. The collected aqueous diluted latex paint is subjected to vacuum evaporation at temperatures between about 120.degree. F. and 170.degree. F. at reduced pressures of at least about 25 inches of mercury vacuum to produce a distillate containing above 99% by weight water and concentrated latex paint reusable as latex paint or as blend in latex paint products.

Abstract: Stable azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropentane, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkanol and optionally nitromethane have been discovered which are useful as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards and dry cleaning.

Abstract: To replace cleaning compositions based on 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (F113), the invention provides a composition comprising, by weight, 30 to 69% 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (F365-mfc), 30 to 60% methylene chloride and 1 to 10% methanol. These three compounds form a positive azeotrope (B.p.=32.1.degree. C. at normal pressure).The composition, optionally stabilized, can be used for the cleaning and/or the drying of solid surfaces, in particular for removing flux from printed circuits and for degreasing mechanical components.

Abstract: To replace cleaning compositions based on 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (F113), the invention provides a composition comprising, by weight, 30 to 70% 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (F365-mfc) and 70 to 30% methylene chloride. These two compounds form a positive azeotrope (B.p.=33.6.degree. C. at normal pressure).The composition, optionally stabilized, can be used for the cleaning and/or the drying of solid surfaces, in particular for removing flux from printed circuits and for degreasing mechanical components.

Abstract: In a process for cleaning a silicon mass with a acid washing solution, a waste solution containing a mixed acid composed of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid is introduced to a distillation step, and hydrofluoric acid is introduced to a distillation cooling portion to prevent precipitation of silicon dioxide. The waste cleaning liquor is distilled to recover nitric acid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing contaminants from soil by a closed-loop, counter-current extraction process is disclosed. The process involves a preliminary water removal step, followed by a counter-current leaching of the contaminants from the soil by an extraction solvent in one or more extraction vessels. The extraction solvent is preferably 2-methyl-2-propanol and is continuously recycled.

Abstract: Methods for removing and reclaiming excess paint from a paint spray booth includes entraining over-sprayed paint particles in a stream of air passing though the pain spray booth and causing the entrained over sprayed paint particles to come into contact with a flowing flood sheet within the paint spray booth such that a substantial portion of the paint particles are solubilized within the flowing aqueous flood sheet and are thereby removed from the stream of air. The solubilized paint particles are then separated and collected from the aqueous flood sheet so as to be reclaimed for future use, whereas the aqueous flood sheet is then recycled to the paint spray booth after the paint particles have been separated therefrom. To permit the reclamation of paint particles, the flood sheet includes an aqueous paint carrier having at least one of an aprotic heterocyclic oxygenate, a C.sub.4 -C.sub.6, lactone or a cyclic carbonate together with at least one organic solvent.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for use in removal of coatings from airplanes and the like wherein such removal requires the application of a solvent composition for dissolving the coating such as paint, the solvent having a sufficiently high vapor pressure to be present in both a liquid phase and a gaseous vapor phase at stripping temperatures with the solvent in the vapor phase being lighter than the liquid phase and heavier than air, and the apparatus including a portable carriage, positionable beneath the airplane, a receptacle having spaced side walls and carried by the carriage, the side walls extending vertically upwardly, the receptacle further defining a receptacle bottom portion, the receptacle receiving spent solvent in both the liquid and the vapor phases after application of the solvent to the airplane surfaces and dissolution of the paint therein, the side walls directing the received spent solvent in both phases to the receptacle bottom portion such that vapor phase is trapped above the he

Abstract: A hydrochlorofluoropropane azeotropic or azeotropic-like composition comprising at least two members selected from the group consisting of hydrochlorofluoropropanes of the formula I:CH.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z (I)wherein a+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x.gtoreq.1, b+y.gtoreq.1, and 0.ltoreq.a,b,c,x,y,z.ltoreq.3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of thermally stabilizing an effluent stream from an industrial process, such as a photolithographic process, to allow thermally manageable recovery of the solvent. In the separation and recovery process the solvent is exposed to temperatures that can cause polymerization of the relatively small amounts of monomer still contained therein. This polymerization is an exothermic polymerization, which can accelerate the polymerization of the remaining monomer, potentially causing a thermally initiated, exothermic, run away polymerization. Run away, thermally initiated, exothermic polymerization can materially degrade the solvent. The thermally initiated, run away exothermic reaction is inhibited by the inclusion of a thermal stabilizer or polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: For replacing cleaning compositions based on 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (F113), the invention provides a composition comprising 55 to 80% by weight of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (F141b) and 45 to 20% by weight of methyl formate. These two compounds form a positive azeotrope (b.p.=28.4.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure).The composition, which may be stabilized, can be used for cleaning solid surfaces, in particular for removing flux from printed circuits and for degreasing mechanical parts.

Abstract: A method is provided for cleaning an article with a solvent having a boiling point such that the solvent is a gas at room temperature and one atmosphere pressure. Such a method includes the steps of disposing the article in a chamber, introducing the solvent into the chamber so that the solvent contacts the article, pressurizing the chamber so that the solvent is in a liquid state and removes contaminants from the article, purging the chamber to remove the solvent, and removing the treated article from the chamber. Such a system permits the use of liquids having boiling points lower than room temperature, such as certain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 halocarbons, which liquids have not previously been used as cleaning solvents.

Abstract: Compositions suitable for use in cleaning processes formed of hydrogen-containing fluorochlorohydrocarbons selected from the group of consisting of tetrachloromonofluoroethanes, trichlorodifluoroethanes, dichlorotrifluoroethanes, dichloromonofluoroethanes and dichloropentafluoropropanes or a mixture one or more of these hydrogen-containing fluorochlorohydrocarbons in admixture with partially fluorinated alkanols containing two to four carbon atoms.

Abstract: Applying shotblast or sandblast to a substance contaminated with radioactivity, cleaning the substance with a liquid, washing the grit of shotblast or sandblast with an organic solvent, filtering the resulting organic solvent, decontaminating the organic solvent itself by distilling the organic solvent filtered, and using this decontaminated solvent for washing said grit.

Abstract: To replace 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (F113) in its applications to the cleaning and drying of solid surfaces, the invention propose to employ a (perfluoroalkyl) ethylene of formula:R.sub.f CH.dbd.CH.sub.2in which R.sub.f denotes a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl radical containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.In contrast to F113, (perfluoroalkyl)ethylenes are not liable to degrade stratospheric ozone.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for cleaning a wide range of soil types from dirty articles, such as metal, ceramic or glass substrates. A first class of solvent compositions used for cleaning is an oxidative stable mixture of non-polar aromatic hydrocarbons and an organic polar component for cleaning of low and intermediate polar soils. Alternately, water and surfactant is added to the mixture to form a water-in-oil emulsion for cleaning high polarity soils. A second class of solvent compositions used for cleaning dirty articles is a hydrogenated or dehydrogenated analogue of a terpene compound. The solvent composition is used in a process wherein a dirty article is contacted with the solvent under conditions that result in cleaning the soil type from the article. Residual solvent contamination is removed from the article surface by contacting the contaminated article at an elevated temperature with an aqueous medium and/or a low-boiling solvent.

Abstract: A degreasing method and system which subjects dirty and oily parts to a bath of relatively impure solvent and thereafter rinsing such parts in relatively pure solvent. The rinsing is performed above the bath so that the relatively pure solvent used as a rinse falls into the bath and recharges it. The relatively pure solvent is continuously obtained by distilling a portion of the solvent from the bath in a closed continuous flow system. The novel solvent used is a mixture of esters of low molecular weight aliphatic carboxylic acid and a normally liquid branched chain alkane.

Abstract: Process for the cleaning of debris containing water and contaminated with pollutants using solvents, including the steps of: addition of the solvent to the material to be treated, followed by thorough mixing; separation of the liquid phase containing the pollutants; stripping of the remaining solvent from the residue; and recovery of the solvent obtained in the last two steps.

Abstract: Stable azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-octafluoropentane, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkanol and optionally nitromethane have been discovered which are useful as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards and dry cleaning.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising dichloropentafluoropropane and 1,2-dichloroethylene are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: A wafer cleaning method and apparatus in which a cleaning solution is caused to evaporate at a temperature below its boiling point, and cleaning vapor thus produced is applied at a temperature above its dew point to a wafer such as a semiconductor wafer. The wafer is cleaned without formation of colloidal silica in the absence of aerosol, or etched uniformly free of impurities. The wafer cleaning apparatus comprises a cleaning solution storage, a vapor generating section, a wafer supporting position of a wafer supporting device and a vapor supply section. These components are arranged in a housing to overlap one another in plan view and to lie vertically close to one another. The apparatus has a compact overall construction with simplified seals for preventing leakage of the cleaning vapor.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-octafluoropentane, chlorinated ethylene and optionally nitromethane have been discovered which are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards and dry cleaning.

Abstract: To replace the cleaning compositions based on 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (F113), the invention proposes a composition comprising, on a weight basis, 60 to 90% of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (F141b), 9 to 33% of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (F365 mfc) and 1 to 7% of methanol. These three compounds form a positive azeotrope (b.p.=29.1.degree. C. at normal pressure).The composition, optionally stabilized, can be employed for the cleaning and/or drying of solid surfaces, in particular for the defluxing of printed circuits and for the degreasing of mechanical components.

Abstract: To replace cleaning compositions based on 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (F113), the invention proposes a composition comprising, by weight, 93 to 99% of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (F365 mfc) and 7 to 1% of methanol. These two compounds form a positive azeotrope (b.p.=36.5.degree. C. at normal pressure).The composition, optionally stabilized, can be used for the cleaning and/or drying of solid surfaces, in particular for the removal of flux from printed circuits and for degreasing mechanical parts.

Abstract: The invention relates to an azeotrope-like mixture which contains about 8-12% by weight of 2-propanol and about 88-92% by weight of 1H-perfluorohexane and to a process for cleaning electronic components, in particular soldered circuit boards or printed circuits, with the aid of this mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to an azeotrope-like mixture which contains about 5-9% by weight of methanol and about 91-95% by weight of 1 H-perfluorohexane and to a process for cleaning electronic components, in particular soldered circuit boards or printed circuits, with the aid of this mixture.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1-H-perfluorohexane and trifluoroethanol or n-propanol and optionally nitromethane are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards and dry cleaning.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of effective amounts of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,-octofluorobutane; trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, or 1,3-dichloro-1,2,2,3,3-HCFC-225cb; and an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol, to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition are disclosed that are useful as cleaning agents, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes and as power cycle working fluids.

Abstract: Azeotropic mixtures of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) with methanol or ethanol, the azeotropic mixtures being useful in solvent cleaning applications.

Abstract: Improved cleaning compositions are disclosed based on fluorochlorohydrocarbons, alkanols and at least one ester selected from the group consisting of methyl propionate, ethyl propionate and ethyl acetate. The compositions may optionally contain additional additives and are highly suitable for industrial cleaning processes or for vapor degreasing, for example, particularly for removing resin soldering fluxes containing high amounts of activator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of removing synthetic and natural resins from an article containing an epoxy resin without damaging the epoxy resin. The article is contacted with a solvent having the formula ##STR1## where n is 1 or 2, which dissolves the synthetic and natural resins and forms a solution. The solution is then separated from the article. The solvent can be recovered from the solution.

Abstract: Azeotropic mixtures of 1,1-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane (HCFC-132c) and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-HCC-1130) with methanol, or ethanol or n-propanol are useful in solvent cleaning applications, as refrigerants, aerosol propellants and blowing agents.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane and a hydrocarbon containing five or six carbon atoms have been discovered which are useful in a variety of applications including industrial cleaning, blowing agent and aerosol applications.

Abstract: Constant boiling, azeotrope-like mixtures of dichlorotrifluoroethane, 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and methanol and/or ethanol, the constant-boiling, azeotrope-like mixtures being useful in solvent cleaning applications.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising 4-trifluoromethyl-1,1,1,2,2,3,3,5,5,5-decafluoropentane and a second component selected from the group consisting of methanol; ethanol; 1-propanol; 2-propanol; 2-methyl-2-propanol; 2-methyl-2-butanol; n-hexane; isohexane; 2-propanone; and 2-butanone and optionally nitromethane are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards and dry cleaning.

Abstract: Azeotropic mixtures of HFC-338pcc and an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or N-propanol, or a ketone such as acetone, are disclosed that are useful as cleaning agents, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, and displacement drying agents.

Abstract: Mixtures of the compound 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5-octafluoro-4-trifluoromethylpentane with alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, and halogenated hydrocarbons are disclosed; as is a process for cleaning a solid surface which comprises treating the surface with said mixtures. Binary mixtures of 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5-octafluoro-4-trifluoromethylpentane with about 5 to 13 weight percent methanol, with about 2 to 10 weight percent ethanol, with about 3 to 11 weight percent isopropanol, with about 50 to 58 weight percent dichloromethane, and with about 1 to 9 weight percent acetonitrile, are disclosed as azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions and are particularly suited for use where solvent recovery and reuse is practiced.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising 2-trifluoromethyl-1,1,1,2-tetrafluorobutane and methanol are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards and dry cleaning.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising 2-trifluoromethyl-1,1,1,2-tetrafluorobutane and ethanol or isopropanol and optionally nitromethane are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards and dry cleaning.

Abstract: Azeotrope like compositions comprising 1,1,2,3,3,-pentafluoropropane and methanol or ethanol and optionally nitromethane are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards and dry cleaning.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane and a mono- or dichlorinated C.sub.1 or C.sub.3 alkane have been discovered which are useful in a variety of applications including industrial cleaning, blowing agent and aerosol applications.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane and isopropanol have been discovered which are useful in a variety of applications including industrial cleaning, refrigerant and aerosol applications.

Abstract: Azeotropic mixtures of 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (HFC-43-10mee) and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene or 1,1-dichloroethane are useful as cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of effective amounts of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene; cis-1,2-dichloroethylene; or 1,1-dichloroethane to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition are disclosed that are useful as cleaning agents, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes and as power cycle working fluids.

Abstract: Stable azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, dichlorotrifluoroethane, ethanol and cyclopentane which are useful in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards.