Abstract: In an aseptic filling apparatus, a CIP of the content filling station is performed after rotation of a wheel in the content filling station is stopped, a COP or SOP of the content filling station is performed while the wheel in the content filling station is rotating immediately after the CIP is completed, an SIP of the content filling station is performed with rotation of the wheel in the content filling station being stopped immediately after the COP or SOP is completed, and one or both of the COP and SOP of the other stations is performed in a predetermined order while wheels in the other stations are rotating in a period from the start of the CIP to the end of the SIP.

Abstract: In an aseptic filling apparatus, a CIP of the content filling station is performed after rotation of a wheel in the content filling station is stopped, a COP or SOP of the content filling station is performed while the wheel in the content filling station is rotating immediately after the CIP is completed, an SIP of the content filling station is performed with rotation of the wheel in the content filling station being stopped immediately after the COP or SOP is completed, and one or both of the COP and SOP of the other stations is performed in a predetermined order while wheels in the other stations are rotating in a period from the start of the CIP to the end of the SIP.

Abstract: In an aseptic filling apparatus, a CIP of the content filling station is performed after rotation of a wheel in the content filling station is stopped, a COP or SOP of the content filling station is performed while the wheel in the content filling station is rotating immediately after the CIP is completed, an SIP of the content filling station is performed with rotation of the wheel in the content filling station being stopped immediately after the COP or SOP is completed, and one or both of the COP and SOP of the other stations is performed in a predetermined order while wheels in the other stations are rotating in a period from the start of the CIP to the end of the SIP.

Abstract: A method for inspecting and repairing a surface of a component of a gas turbine engine, the method including: inserting an inspection and repair tool into an interior of the gas turbine engine; inspecting the surface of the component with the inspection and repair tool; performing a repair of the surface of the component with the inspection and repair tool from within the interior of the gas turbine engine, the inspection and repair tool remaining within the interior of the gas turbine engine between inspecting the component and performing the repair of the surface of the component.

Abstract: A vacuuming faucet assembly includes a faucet that is integrated into a counter top. A pair of vacuum units is each integrated into the faucet and each of the vacuum units includes a suction port that is in fluid communication with a vacuum source. The suction port on each of the vacuum units is extendable away from a respective vacuum unit for suctionally removing water from the counter top to dry the counter top. A plurality of motion sensors is each integrated into a respective one of the faucet and a respective one of the pair of vacuum units to sense motion proximate the respective faucet and the respective pair of vacuum units. Additionally, respective ones of the motion sensors turns on the respective faucet of the respective vacuum unit when the respective motion sensor senses motion.

Abstract: A fluid wash system for a gas turbine engine is disclosed, the gas turbine engine defining an axial direction and comprising a borescope port that provides access to a component within a core flow path of the gas turbine engine. In various embodiments, the fluid wash system includes a wash line fluidly connected to a pump configured to provide a pressurized flow of wash liquid; a spray nozzle connected to the wash line and configured for extending into the borescope port to provide the pressurized flow of wash liquid to the component within the core flow path; and an attachment mechanism configured to releasable mount the spray nozzle to the borescope port, the attachment mechanism including an alignment mechanism configured to orient the spray nozzle and direct the pressurized flow of wash liquid in a predetermined direction toward the component.

Abstract: Onboard vehicle software that performs the following operations: (i) receiving, by a control device installed with a vehicle, situation assessment information pertaining to vehicle traffic; (ii) determining, by the control device, whether the situation assessment information is indicative of an event likely to impact vehicle traffic; and (iii) in response to determining that the situation assessment information is indicative of the event likely to impact vehicle traffic, sending, by the control device, a print command to a printer communicatively coupled to the control device, the printer adapted to print a patterned layer of a coloring substance to a surface supporting the vehicle, and the print command instructing the printer to print the coloring substance to the surface in a pattern encoding a notification.

Abstract: Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure include a meta-stable detergent based foam generating device of a turbine cleaning system includes a manifold configured to receive a liquid detergent and an expansion gas, a gas supply source configured to store the expansion gas, and one or more aerators fluidly coupled with, and between, the gas supply source and the manifold. Each aerator of the one or more aerators comprises an orifice through which the expansion gas enters the manifold, and wherein the orifice of each aerator is sized to enable generation of a meta-stable detergent based foam having bubbles with bubble diameters within a range of 10 microns (3.9×10?4 inches) and 5 millimeters (0.2 inches), having a half-life within a range of 5 minutes and 180 minutes, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A cleaning assembly for reusable filters comprises a housing and a pressurizing spraying assembly that receives a filter element to be cleaned. The pressurizing spraying assembly can be secured in position relative to the housing using a mount. The mount can pivot about a pivot axis between a storage position and a use position. The pivot axis can be aligned with a handle axis about which a handle is attached to the housing. The housing can collect runoff from a cleaning operation.

Abstract: A cleaning system comprising: (a) one or more pumps; (b) one or more foamers; and (c) one or more cleaning reservoirs including one or more cleaning solutions; wherein the one or more foamers combine a fluid and the cleaning solution to form a foamed solution so that the solution is introduced into a system to be cleaned.

Abstract: The invention concerns a vehicle, comprising at least one camera and one corresponding washing system (3) for cleaning the camera, the washing system comprising a housing (10) for receiving the camera, a cleaning fluid storage tank (20), a nozzle (12) for spraying the cleaning fluid inside the housing and a pump (22) for pumping the cleaning fluid from the tank to the nozzle. The washing system further includes a passage (18) extending from the housing (10) to the tank (20), for draining, under gravity, used cleaning fluid back into the tank (20).

Abstract: A compressor 100 includes: a rotor 10 having a rotary shaft 11 rotating around an axis A, and an impeller 12 provided integrally with the rotary shaft 11; a casing 5 having a casing main body 51 which surrounds the rotor 10 and forms an annular inlet flow path F1 surrounding the axis A at a front stage of the impeller 12, and an inlet nozzle 52 which introduces a fluid into the inlet flow path F1 from an outer side in a radial direction Dr; an external pipe 2 connected to the inlet nozzle 52 to introduce the fluid from the outside to the inlet nozzle 52; and a cleaning liquid supply part 4 which is configured to supply a cleaning liquid from a plurality of locations in a circumferential direction of the external pipe 2 to an interior of the external pipe 2.

Abstract: A turbine engine cleaning system includes a foam generator configured to generate foam, from a liquid detergent, to clean a turbine engine. The turbine engine cleaning system also includes an effluent capture and detergent regeneration sub-system having an inlet configured to receive an effluent from the turbine engine, processing components configured to process the effluent to regenerate a liquid detergent, and an outlet fluidly coupled with the foam generator to enable transport of the liquid detergent from the effluent capture and detergent regeneration sub-system to the foam generator.

Abstract: A cleaning device for cleaning a capsule based beverage system is described. The cleaning device includes a body portion having an open end and configured to be located in the brewing chamber of the beverage system and a reservoir portion located at an opposed end to the open end of the body portion as well as a fluid jet forming portion in fluid communication with reservoir region. The cleaning device also includes a cleaning material holding portion located internally of the body portion for holding the cleaning material spaced apart from the fluid jet forming portion. The cleaning device is configured to allow water under pressure originating from the inlet arrangement of the beverage system to flow into the reservoir portion and to form a fluid jet from the fluid jet forming portion that impinges on cleaning material held in the cleaning material holding portion to create a cleaning solution to clean the brewing chamber and outlet arrangement of the beverage system.

Abstract: The invention described herein provides a method and material for creating tools surfaces from a granulated material comprised of a particulate and binding material in compositions and ratios described below. The granulated material may be formed using a number of methods and provides for the efficient repair of worn or damaged areas. Additionally, the granulated material may be used by placing it on the surface of a tooling encasement, or may be used by itself without any further structural support. The granulated material may also be used for both forming and trimming/machining of the part to desired tolerances.

Abstract: A turbine system includes a foam generating assembly having an in situ foam generating device at least partially positioned within the fluid passageway of the turbine engine, such that the in situ foam generating device is configured to generate foam within the fluid passageway of the turbine engine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate processing apparatus including: a substrate holding member that holds a peripheral portion of a substrate; a rotating member that includes a plate provided with the substrate holding member and rotates the substrate by rotating the plate; a fluid supply unit that is disposed at a center of the rotating member and supplies a processing liquid and an inert gas to a lower surface of the substrate held by the substrate holding member; and a controller that controls to perform a liquid processing by supplying the processing liquid to the lower surface of the substrate while rotating the substrate, and, after the liquid processing, to perform a drying processing of the substrate while supplying the inert gas to the lower surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a keg's interior comprises first and second tanks that maintain treatment medium at respective first and second temperatures, a first heat-exchanger, and a waste-air line. The first heat-exchanger is arranged upstream of a second-tank inlet for using heat recovered from the treatment medium through heat exchange with a heat-transfer medium to pre-heat treatment medium that is being conducted to the second tank. The heat-transfer medium includes any one or more of treatment medium conducted out of a keg interior after a treatment step, treatment medium in the first tank, and waste air in the waste-air line.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method including supplying a first reactant to inside a processing chamber into which a substrate has been introduced; controlling a flow of a first purge gas and storing the first purge gas, of which flow has been controlled, in a first storage for a given time period; supplying the first purge gas from the first storage to the inside of the processing chamber after supplying the first reactant; and supplying a second reactant to the inside of the processing chamber after supplying the first purge gas.

Abstract: A system and method of cleaning a turbine engine are provided. The method may include inserting, directing and evacuating a cleaning agent. Inserting may include inserting the cleaning agent through a predefined access port into a cooling cavity defined by an internal wall of an assembled turbine component, while directing may include directing the cleaning agent against the internal wall to remove a foreign material therefrom. Evacuating may include evacuating the cleaning agent from the cooling cavity.

Abstract: A container rinsing system has a nozzle adapted to be positioned proximate an opening of the container and adapted to direct a supply of air in any orientation to the container. A vacuum member is positioned around the air nozzle and adapted to vacuum foreign particles away from the container. A system comprises an air source and a manifold having a manifold inlet, an ionization unit, and a plurality of manifold outlets along with a plurality of air nozzles. Each nozzle has a nozzle inlet, a nozzle outlet, and a nozzle passageway extending between the nozzle inlet and the nozzle outlet. The ionization unit is placed within the manifold, and the plurality of nozzles are located on the plurality of manifold outlets such that during operation air is ionized before entering the nozzles. The ionized air is used to clean containers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dryer or a washer dryer, including at least a clothes drying system, where the clothes drying system includes a heating structure and a condensing structure; the condensing structure is arranged on a lower part of the dryer or the washer dryer; the condensing structure includes an air inlet and an air outlet for hot air, and further includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet for cold air, and a heat exchanger is arranged inside the condensing structure; the heat exchanger is composed of fins which are superposed in a longitudinal-transverse alternating manner, and a frame with an enclosure structure is arranged outside the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An engine wash manifold assembly for delivering wash liquid to an engine with a radial air passage includes a feeder body, an inlet on the feeder body to receive wash fluid, a first nozzle in fluid communication with the feeder body and configured to direct wash fluid into the radial passage, and a securing device configured to support the feeder body relative to a mounting location.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and system for providing an interface including modular customizable elements for implementation by a system user. The method and system have particular application for financial accounts, such as credit card accounts. The interface may adapt in response to user behaviors. However, the user may also customize features of the interface. Thus, a behavioral monitoring and analysis system is provided for monitoring account holder spending behaviors and analyzing the spending behaviors. Account holder customization tools may be presented to the account holders through a user interface, the account holder customization tools allowing account holders to modify a user interface display of account related parameters by inputting parameters into a computing system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of cleaning components of a substrate processing apparatus The components of the substrate processing apparatus are cleaned by using a first cleaning jig including a disk-shaped lower member, and a disk-shaped upper member connected to the lower member and forming a gap between the upper member and the lower member. The lower member of the first cleaning jig is held by the substrate holding unit to rotate the first cleaning jig. The cleaning liquid is ejected toward the first cleaning jig from a bottom side of the first cleaning jig while the first cleaning jig is rotated. The cleaning liquid flows out toward outside of the first cleaning jig via the gap between the upper member and the lower member by a centrifugal force, and the components of the substrate processing apparatus are cleaned by the cleaning liquid that has flowed out.

Abstract: An engine wash manifold delivers wash liquid to an engine that includes an inlet, a fan, a case with an exhaust duct and a core inlet splitter. The manifold includes a wash delivery segment comprising a pipe shaped to follow at least in part engine case curvature with a first end to interface with the core inlet splitter and a second end with an inlet to receive wash fluid. The manifold further includes a retention system to secure the wash delivery segment to the engine and one or more nozzles on the first end of the wash delivery segment to spray wash fluid. The wash fluid may be atomized. The manifold further may include nozzles that deliver atomized wash liquid to the aft side of fan blades and may be used in conjunction with an inlet mounted manifold.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a computer-implemented interactive account management system operated in cooperation with a financial institution on behalf of multiple account holders. The interactive account management system may include a financial networking engine implemented by a processor for defining a financial network for each account holder and for identifying each member of an account holder financial network based on stored account information and account holder input. The system may additionally include interactive processing components for processing information to provide collaborative interaction between the members of the account holder financial network defined by the financial networking engine and user interface presentation tools for displaying financial guidance and collaborative interaction interfaces and inviting active participation from the financial network members.

Abstract: A dishwasher is provided, in which a plurality of filters are modularized to extend their effective area and improve their efficiency. The dishwasher includes a tub formed at an inside of the cabinet, forming a washing space where the dishes are washed; and a sump assembly provided at a lower side of the tub and provided with a filter chamber to which a filter module is inserted. The filter module filters the washing water, and includes a plurality of drainage filters.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a sanitary product in piece form for use in the cistern of a toilet, which product comprises at least two different gel formers (1, 2) and fragrances, wherein one gel former (gel former 1) forms gels with hydrophobic liquids, which gels are insoluble or scarcely soluble in water, and the other gel former (gel former 2) is water-soluble or water-dispersible and wherein the product is transparent, gradually flushes away and releases fragrances, and gel formers 1 and 2 are in one phase.

Abstract: Provided is a radioactive sludge transfer apparatus for transferring sludge stored in a sludge storage tank with supernatant solution to a transfer tank including: a transfer body; a stirring apparatus for blasting the supernatant solution to the sludge; a sludge solution transferer for transferring the sludge solution to the transfer tank; an attitude control float; a floating force control ballast tank; and controller for remotely controlling the stifling apparatus, the sludge solution transferer and the floating force control ballast tank.

Abstract: There is provided a radioactive sludge transfer apparatus for transferring sludge stored in a sludge storage tank with supernatant solution to a transfer tank including: a transfer apparatus body; a stifling apparatus for blasting the supernatant solution to the sludge to thereby produce sludge solution in the one tank; sludge solution transfer apparatus for transferring the sludge solution to the transfer tank; an attitude control float; a floating force control ballast tank; and control device for remotely controlling the stifling apparatus, the sludge solution transfer apparatus and the floating force control ballast tank.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming a silicon-containing resist underlayer film, the method for coating and forming a silicon-containing resist underlayer film by spin coating method comprising: feeding an aqueous alkaline solution in a pipe of an apparatus for coating and forming a film by spin coating method to clean therein; supplying a silicon-containing resist underlayer film composition via the pipe; and coating the silicon-containing resist underlayer film on a substrate to form a film. There can be provided a method for forming a silicon-containing resist underlayer film capable of reducing coating defects after forming a film by cleaning and removing a precipitate derived from silicon-containing resist underlayer film composition that precipitates and adheres in a pipe of an apparatus for coating and forming a film.

Abstract: A method for grit blasting tubes and for blowing swabs through tubes, automatically sensing that the swab has passed through the tube, and logging the event. Also, various methods are used for inserting the swabs into the tubes efficiently.

Abstract: A compressor wash system for compressor washing includes stages of fluid delivery lines coupled at one end to a pump output and at the other end to a corresponding nozzle set. A control valve is connected to the fluid delivery line between the pump and the nozzle set, selectively supplying fluid between the pump and the nozzle set. Each nozzle of a nozzle set is positioned on an inlet of the compressor to allow the stages to wash a portion of the compressor. Nozzle sets are positioned around a bellmouth assembly and/or around an inlet cone of the compressor inlet, with a nozzle spray tip of each nozzle extending into an inlet air flow path of the compressor. Fluid may be directed to one or more of the stages in a sequencing pattern determined and configured to wash the compressor. Templates and installation guides are utilized to position the nozzles.

Abstract: A method of internally restoring a pipe preferably includes the steps of isolating a leaking pipe from a system of pipes; drying an interior of a leaking pipe; measuring the airflow through the leak; cleaning the interior of the leaking pipe; presealing a leak with a leak sealing media, measuring the leak flow rate after the pre-sealing; applying an internal protective coating process; and pressure testing the leaking pipe for leaks. The pipe restoration method preferably uses a control box, a media injection system, an air compressor and a coating dispensing system at an inlet of the leaking pipe. The pipe restoration method preferably uses a coating overflow receiver, a muffler and a dust collector at an exit of the leaking pipe. After the treatments, the leaking pipe becomes a restored pipe. The restored pipe is pressure tested for leaks at a working pressure rating of the pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus for the cleaning of a turbine engine comprises a towable wash cart having a reservoir for cleaning fluid. The reservoir is connected through a pump system to a wash ring operatively mounted to the cart. The wash ring has a plurality of spray nozzles about its periphery arid positionably adjustable for directing an atomized spray of the cleaning fluid into an inlet of the engine. The cart and wash ring is aligned with the engine such that there is no physical contact between the wash ring and engine during the entirety of the cleaning process. While a preferred cleaning fluid is pure water, the reservoir may be segmented to carry a number of different cleaning solutions, which can be mixed in a manifold of the pump system as may be desired for a particular cleaning process. The reservoirs may be heated and insulated to maintain the cleaning solutions at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: An engine wash system for delivering wash liquid to an engine with a lift fan and a main engine, the lift fan including a plurality of inlet guide vanes and a nose cone, and the main engine connected to the lift fan by a shaft, the engine wash system includes a lift fan manifold to deliver wash liquid to the lift fan; and a main engine manifold to deliver wash liquid to the main engine, wherein the lift fan manifold and the main engine manifold can deliver the wash liquid simultaneously.

Abstract: A compressor wash system for compressor washing includes stages of fluid delivery lines coupled at one end to a pump output and at the other end to a corresponding nozzle set. A control valve is connected to the fluid delivery line between the pump and the nozzle set, selectively supplying fluid between the pump and the nozzle set. Each nozzle of a nozzle set is positioned on an inlet of the compressor to allow the stages to wash a portion of the compressor. Nozzle sets are positioned around a bellmouth assembly and/or around an inlet cone of the compressor inlet, with a nozzle spray tip of each nozzle extending into an inlet air flow path of the compressor. Fluid may be directed to one or more of the stages in a sequencing pattern determined and configured to wash the compressor. Templates and installation guides are utilized to position the nozzles.

Abstract: An ironing apparatus includes an ironing die and an ironing punch, an injection port for injecting gas or liquid to the metal plate at a high pressure to remove substance adhered to the metal plate therefrom, a suction port for sucking the adhered substance removed from the metal plate, and a protrusion mount portion with a protrusion for preventing dispersion of the gas or the liquid. An ironing method for ironing the metal plate having the single surface or both surfaces coated with the organic resin film includes the steps of injecting the gas or the liquid from the injection port to the metal plate at the high pressure to remove the adhered substance from the metal plate, and sucking and collecting the adhered substance removed from the metal plate from the suction port. The adhered substance such as the hair may be removed by the aforementioned invention.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a cleaning process, utilizing a gas flow to an interior of a hollow object in a fluid ambient. After capping the object to seal off the interior volume, gas is introduced to the object interior. The pressure is built up within the object interior, loosening the seal. The gas pressure is released, and the seal returns. The vibration caused by the cycling of gas pressure can be used to perform cleaning of particles adhering to the object. The cleaning process can be used in a combinatorial processing system, enabling in-situ cleaning of process reactor assemblies.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for removing a blockage from a fluid conduit. An apparatus comprises a first portion containing a fluid volume separated from the fluid conduit via a controllable valve. The valve is cyclically opened and closed such that a pressure differential between the first portion and the fluid conduit causes a series of pressure pulses in the fluid conduit. The pressure differential is regulated to control the amplitude of the pressure pulses of the series.

Abstract: Containers having a portioned amount of a cleaning composition located in an internal volume are provided for cleaning a portion of a beverage making machine. The external size and configuration of the container is designed to fit within a carrier in a single (or multi-) serve beverage making machine. The container is insertable in the carrier in the place of a beverage making pod, cup, cartridge or the like. Following placement of the container in the carrier, the beverage making machine may be operated to perform a regular brew cycle or a specialized cleaning cycle in which water is introduced to the internal volume of the container and cleaning solution is released from the container, optionally under pressure, to contact and clean internal surfaces of the container carrier.

Abstract: A tank cleaning system used for cleaning oil storage tanks. The system includes a rail vacuum pipe, an air line and a steam line connected to an air/steam mixing box. The mixing box includes an air nozzle, a steam nozzle and a mixing box vacuum tube connected to a vacuum pipe. The vacuum pipe includes a steering, guide rail for receiving a swivel wheel. The swivel wheel is attached to a door opening bracket. The bracket is attached to sides of a tank door opening. The steering, guide rail pivots on the swivel wheel and allows an operator, standing outside the tank, to move the mixing box back and forth for engaging and vacuuming up sediment in the tank.

Abstract: A cleaning composition and process to remove carbon deposits from combustion equipment components is provided. The de-carbonizing composition is packaged in certain embodiments in an aerosol propellant. The inventive composition is also readily used as a liquid or an atomized mist that is readily introduced into the intake manifold through a tube tolerant of engine inlet operational temperatures and conditions. The invention introduces the composition by a process that precludes the need for engine disassembly.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a water purifier comprising: a filtering unit; a water tank unit for storing purified water having passed through the filtering unit; and a discharging unit for discharging out the purified water stored in the water tank unit, the method comprises: a cleaning water supplying step of supplying cleaning water in which a cleaning agent is dissolved to the water tank unit; a cleaning water discharging step of discharging the cleaning water when a predetermined time has lapsed; a rinsing water supplying step of supplying rinsing water to the water tank unit when the cleaning water discharging step has been completed; and a rinsing water discharging step of discharging the rinsing water when a predetermined time has lapsed. In the method, cleaning and rinsing processes for a water purifier are automatically executed by a series of consecutive processes. Accordingly, a user can directly clean the water purifier if necessary without requiring a Codi's visit.

Abstract: An apparatus for receiving a pig (12) comprising: a receiver housing (2) arranged to enable connection to a pipeline; a pig retention mechanism (4) mounted within said receiver housing (2), said pig retention mechanism (4) arranged such that it is operable to retain the pig (12) within the housing (2); a first sealing member (6) operable to seal the portion of the receiver housing (2) through which the pig (12) can be removed from the apparatus; a second sealing member (5) operable to seal the portion of the housing (2) that connects said receiver (1) to the pipeline; a fluid inlet (7); and a fluidization and transportation device (8) arranged to receive the fluidized debris, wherein the apparatus is arranged such that, in use, pressurized fluid is introduced into the enclosed interior of the housing (2) via the fluid inlet in order to fluidize debris which is then removed from the receiver housing (2) via the fluidization and transportation device (8).

Abstract: A device and a method for ejecting a fluid are provided. The device comprises a main pipe, a rotatable housing connected to the main pipe and a hub provided with a nozzle. The hub is rotatably connected to the housing. The fluid is arranged to be conveyed through the main pipe and the housing to said nozzle for ejection of the fluid, and the hub is arranged to rotate about an axis arranged with an angle ? in relation to a longitudinal axis of the main pipe. The angle ? between the axes is arranged to vary between 90?? and 90+?, 2???45, when the housing rotates one revolution.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a die member having molding grooves and moldable-ceramic-material-supplying holes communicating with the molding grooves, by removing a binder-containing moldable ceramic material from the die member after used for molding the moldable ceramic material, comprising the steps of spraying a high-pressure fluid to a surface of the die member on the side of moldable-material-supplying holes, and then spraying a high-pressure fluid to a surface of the die member on the side of molding grooves, thereby removing the moldable ceramic material.

Abstract: Methods and systems for virus inactivation in the production or processing of biological or other sensitive substances are provided. The disclosed methods and systems for virus inactivation involve the key steps of dissolving carbon dioxide into biological or other sensitive substances; and treating the substance with the dissolved carbon dioxide at conditions which are less than critical pressure and temperature for a prescribed treatment time to inactivate at least 80% of the target virus or viruses contained within the biological or other sensitive substances. The disclosed carbon dioxide treatments for virus inactivation may optionally include concurrently or sequentially subjecting the substances with an acid treatment to lower the pH of the substance and inactivate viruses contained within the biological or other sensitive substance.

Abstract: Provided is a purging apparatus including an upper nozzle provided above an opening of the substrate storage container and configured to supply a dry gas obliquely downwardly to a side opposite to the substrate storage container and over the entire surface of the width of the opening; and a plurality of side nozzles provided at both sides of the opening of the substrate, respectively, and each configured to supply a dry gas towards the inside of the substrate storage container from an outside of the opening. The side nozzles are each longer than a height of the opening and formed with a plurality of supply holes supplying the dry gas at predetermined intervals in a vertical direction. The respective supply hole formed on one side nozzle and the respective supply holes formed on the other side nozzle are disposed alternately so as not to be located at the same height.