Abstract: A method of making a fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene derivatives and photovoltaic polymers containing same using 3-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid as a starting material. This synthetic route provides an easier synthesis as well as greater yield and a purer product, which produces superior results over the prior art less pure products. The resulting materials can be used in a variety of photovoltaic applications and devices, especially solar cells.

Abstract: In this anode for a secondary battery, method for producing same, and secondary battery, an anode active material is laminated on a surface of a metal foil, the anode active material contains at least titanium dioxide, and the titanium dioxide contains a Brookite crystal phase and contains an amorphous phase in a ratio of 1 vol % to 20 vol %.

Abstract: A transparent electro-conductive laminate comprising: a substrate film made of a polyimide; and a thin film made of an electro-conductive material and stacked on the substrate film, wherein the polyimide is a polyimide containing at least one repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1): [in the formula (1), R1, R2, and R3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom, R4 represents an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 0 to 12], having a glass transition temperature of 350° C. to 450° C., and having a linear expansion coefficient of 30 ppm/° C. or less, the linear expansion coefficient being determined by measuring change in length under a nitrogen atmosphere and under a condition of a rate of temperature rise of 5° C./minute in a temperature range from 50° C. to 200° C.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate integrated with at least one first photo-sensing device configured to sense light in a blue wavelength region and at least one second photo-sensing device configured to sense light in a red wavelength region, a color filter layer on the semiconductor substrate and including a blue color filter configured to selectively absorb light in a blue wavelength region and a red color filter configured to selectively absorb light in a red wavelength region, and a third photo-sensing device on the color filter layer and including a pair of electrodes facing each other, and a photoactive layer between the pair of electrodes and configured to selectively absorb light in a green wavelength region.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic electroluminescent panel capable of increasing the luminous efficacy and decreasing the driving voltage of a top emission (TE) organic EL element. The organic electroluminescent panel of the present invention includes: a substrate; and an organic electroluminescent element provided on the substrate. The organic electroluminescent element is a top emission element that includes, in the order from the substrate side: an anode; a light-emitting layer; an electron transport layer; a first metal layer; a p-type oxide layer; and a transparent cathode. The top emission element is configured to emit light from the transparent cathode side. The light-emitting layer and the electron transport layer are each formed from an organic material. At least one of a mixture layer of a p-type oxide and a hole transport material and a second metal layer is provided between the electron transport layer and the transparent cathode.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, below, and at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 40, below:

Abstract: An all-spray fabrication method for large scale inverted organic solar array is provided. Zinc oxide sol gel solutions and revised layers shorten the fabrication process from 2 days to 5 hours and concurrently improve transparency and visual effect of solar windows, and improve power conversion efficiency over 2× compared to previous devices, due to enhanced device characteristics like increased shunt resistance and fill factor. The method also eliminates human factors such as manual erasing of active layer to make series connections by providing a complete solution processable manufacturing process. The semi-transparency of the solar module allows for applications on windows and windshields. The inventive modules are more efficient than silicon solar cells in artificial light environments, significantly expanding their use in indoor applications.

Abstract: A polymer having at least four different repeat units comprising: In this polymer R1, R2, R3 and R4 can be independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups and combinations thereof and where the combination of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are not all identical. Additionally, in this polymer, m, n, o and p can be greater than 1. x and y are different from each other and can be independently selected from the group consisting of: of alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups, where y=1-3, where y=0-12, where R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, of alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups, where R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyls, aryls and substituted aryls, where R7 and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, of alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups, —NR9R10 where R9 and R10 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, of alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for improving mass-production yield of large-area organic solar cells for forming the active layer using the roll-to-roll process. The active layer includes low-bandgap high-polymer PTB7, Fullerenes derivative PC71BM, and high-boiling-point additives. The addition of the high-boiling-point additives can enhance the efficiency of organic solar cells effectively. In the roll-to-roll process according to the present invention, the drying temperature for the wet film is controlled for controlling the content of additives in the dry film. Thereby, the stability of the overall mass production and the device yield can be both improved.

Abstract: A titanium compound-containing core-shell powder includes a plurality of core-shell particles, each of which includes a core body and a shell layer encapsulating said core body. The core body is electrically conductive. The shell layer includes a crystal that is selected from titanate oxides having a perovskite structure and titanate oxides having a spinel structure. The core body and the shell layer are chemically bonded to each other.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrode material for a battery includes a tungsten oxide powder or a tungsten oxide composite powder provided with a coating unit containing at least one selected from a metal oxide, silicon oxide, a metal nitride, and silicon nitride.

Abstract: A solid-state image pickup unit of the invention includes a plurality of pixels, each of which includes a photoelectric conversion element. The photoelectric conversion element includes a photoelectric conversion layer; and first and second electrodes provided with the photoelectric conversion layer in between, the photoelectric conversion layer including a first organic semiconductor of a first conductive type and a second organic semiconductor of a second conductive type, and being configured by addition of a third organic semiconductor made of a derivative or an isomer of one of the first and second organic semiconductors.

Abstract: An organic photoelectric conversion element composition including a p-type-and-n-type linked organic semiconductor polymer represented by any one of formulas (1) to (5), a thin film and a photovoltaic cell each containing the same, an organic semiconductor polymer and a compound each for use in these, and a method of producing the polymer: wherein, in formulas, A to A4 represent a group of a p-type organic semiconductor unit, and B to B3 represent a group of an n-type organic semiconductor unit; L1 to L4 represent a divalent or trivalent linking group; herein, in the formulas, at least one bonding hand represented by -* in the structures shown upperward and downward, and in the case of formula (4), L4 and (b), and L1 or L2 and (a), bond directly or through a divalent linking group; l, n, r, t, u and v represent an integer of 1 to 1,000; m and s represent an integer of 1 to 10; and p, q, l? and n? represent an integer of 0 to 1,000; in which p and q do not simultaneously represent 0.

Abstract: A light emitting device including a substrate, a first electrode structure, an organic light emitting structure and a second electrode structure is provided. The first electrode structure includes a first transparent conductive layer, a patterned conductive layer and a second transparent conductive layer disposed on the substrate in sequence, so that the patterned conductive layer is interposed between the second transparent conductive layer and the first transparent conductive layer in a thickness direction of the substrate. The organic light emitting structure and the second electrode structure are disposed on the substrate, and the organic light emitting structure is located between the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure in the thickness direction of the substrate. An electrode structure and a manufacturing method thereof are also provided.

Abstract: In one aspect, electrically conductive conjugated polymeric compositions are described herein demonstrating compatibility with aqueous solvents and/or phases. The ability to provide aqueous compatible compositions from previously water insoluble conjugated polymeric systems, in some embodiments, can facilitate use of such systems in a variety of aqueous applications, including biological applications.

Abstract: A polymer having a monomer repeat unit comprising wherein Ar is an aryl group.

Abstract: An organic photodetector includes an anode and a cathode facing each other and an active layer between the anode and the cathode and including a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, wherein an energy barrier between the anode or the cathode and the active layer is greater than or equal to about 1.3 eV, a difference between a HOMO energy level of the p-type semiconductor and a LUMO energy level of the n-type semiconductor is greater than or equal to about 0.8 eV.

Abstract: A polymer having two different sets of repeat units consisting essentially of: In this polymer, R1, R2, R3 and R4 can be independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups and combinations thereof. Also the combination of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are not all identical and n and o are greater than 1.

Abstract: A process of polymerizing wherein the stoichiometric ratio of (f+g)?(h+i) and f, g, h and i are not equal to 0. Additionally, R1, R2, R3 and R4 can be independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups and combinations thereof and where the combination of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are not all identical. In addition, x and y can be different from each other and independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups, where y=1-3, where y=0-12, where R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups, where R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups, where R7 and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups, —NR9R10 where R9 and R10 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups.

Abstract: Boron-comprising perylene monoimides and a process for producing the boron-comprising perylene monoimides are provided. The boron-comprising perylene monoimides are useful as building blocks for producing perylene monoimide derivatives and monoimide derivatives. The boron-comprising perylene monoimides are also useful for preparing dye-sensitized solar cells.

Abstract: An electrically transductive device, including a substrate having an electrically conducting surface portion, a first film of semiconducting nanoparticles positioned on the electrically conducting portion and further including a first plurality of close packed first generally spherical particles defining a first plurality of interstices and a second plurality of second, smaller generally spherical particles substantially filling the plurality of interstices, and a first coating of electrically conductive metal deposited over the first film.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a metal oxide-carbonaceous hybrid thin film, a preparing method of the metal oxide-carbonaceous hybrid thin film, and a dye-sensitized solar cell using a photoelectrode including the metal oxide-carbonaceous hybrid thin film.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organic electroluminescent device and a preparation method thereof. The organic electroluminescent device is a top-emitting organic electroluminescent device having a reversed structure, and the preparation method is: dissolving zinc oxide with acetic acid to obtain a zinc oxide solution with a concentration of 0.3 g/ml-0.6 g/ml, adding a phthalocyanine substance in a mass of 1%-10% of the mass of the zinc oxide to obtain a mixture, spin-coating the mixture on a glass substrate (1) and then drying to obtain a cathode (2), and then preparing by vapor deposition, an electron injection layer (3), an electron transport layer (4), a luminescent layer (5), a hole transport layer (6), a hole injection layer (7) and an anode (8), successively, so as to obtain the organic electroluminescent device.

Abstract: A solar cell module and a method of manufacturing the same are discussed. The solar cell module includes a plurality of back contact solar cells, an interconnector that is positioned on back surfaces of the plurality of back contact solar cells and electrically connects adjacent back contact solar cells to one another, upper and lower protective layers for protecting the plurality of back contact solar cells, a transparent member that is positioned on the upper protective layer on light receiving surfaces of the plurality of back contact solar cells, and a back sheet that is positioned under the lower protective layer on surfaces opposite the light receiving surfaces of the plurality of back contact solar cells. The upper protective layer and the lower protective layer are formed of different materials.

Abstract: A method for making electronic devices based on derivatized ladder polymer poly(benzo-isimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) including photovoltaic modules and simple thin film transistors in planar and mechanically flexible and stretchable constructs.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel conjugated polymers comprising in their backbone one or more divalent donor units, like for example benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b?]dithiophene-2,6-diyl (BDT), that are linked on both sides to an acceptor unit, to methods of preparing the polymers and educts or intermediates used in such preparation, to polymer blends, mixtures and formulations containing the polymers, to the use of the polymers, polymer blends, mixtures and formulations as semiconductors organic electronic (OE) devices, especially in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic photodetectors (OPD), and to OE, OPV and OPD devices comprising these polymers, polymer blends, mixtures or formulations.

Abstract: A polymer having two different sets of repeat units consisting essentially of: Additionally, in the polymer R1 can be selected from the group consisting of alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups and combinations thereof. In the polymer, n and m can be greater than 1. In the polymer, x and y can be different from each other and independently selected from the group consisting of: an alkoxy group, a substituted alkoxy group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, where y=1-3, where y=0-12, where R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl groups, and aryl groups, where R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl groups, and aryl groups, where R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl groups, and aryl groups, —NR6R7 where R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl groups, and aryl groups.

Abstract: A process of polymerizing f with wherein the stoichiometric ratio of f?(g+h) and f, g and h are not equal to 0. This process can also have R1 selected from the group consisting of alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups and combinations thereof. Additionally, x and y can be different from each other and can be independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups, where y=1-3, where y=0-12, where R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups, where R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups, where R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups, —NR6R7 where R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups.

Abstract: An organic EL light emitting device includes a transparent substrate, a transparent electrode film formed on the substrate, a positive electrode contact portion in contact with a part of the transparent electrode film and electrically connected therewith, an insulating layer formed on the transparent electrode film such that the an insulating layer covers a portion excluding a light emitting part, an organic light emitting layer formed on the transparent electrode film and on the insulating layer, a negative electrode film formed on the organic light emitting layer, a negative electrode contact portion in contact with at least a part of the negative electrode film and electrically connected therewith, and a protective layer for separating and electrically insulating the positive electrode contact portion and the transparent electrode film from the negative electrode contact portion.

Abstract: A process of dissolving 3-fluoro-4,6-dihydrothieno[3,4-b]thiophene in a solvent to create a solution. An initiator is then added to the solution to produce an initiated solution followed by adding a fluorinated chemical to the initiated solution to produce 2,3-difluoro-4,6-dihydrothieno[3,4-b]thiophene. 2,3-difluoro-4,6-dihydrothieno[3,4-b]thiophene is then oxidized with an oxidant to produce 2,3-difluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene. A brominating step then occurs to the 2,3-difluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene to produce 4,6-dibromo-2,3-difluorothieno[2,3-c]thiophene 4,6-dibromo-2,3-difluorothieno[2,3-c]thiophene is then debrominated and polymerized to The stoichiometric ratio of (f+g)?h and f, g and h are not equal to 0. Additionally, in this embodiment R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl groups and combinations thereof and where the combination of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are not all identical.

Abstract: A hybrid organic-inorganic thin film is provided. The hybrid organic-inorganic thin film comprising: an organic-phase comprising a porous organic nanostructure comprised of an interpenetrating network having at least one dimension between 0.1 and 100 nm; and an inorganic phase at least partially distributed within the porosity of the organic phase. In a first aspect, the organic phase has a first band gap and the inorganic phase has a second band gap different from the first band gap. A method of producing an organic-inorganic energy harvesting device and a device therefrom comprising the hybrid organic-inorganic thin film is provided.

Abstract: The present specification relates to an organic light emitting diode.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light emitting device comprising a first electrode, at least one organic layer and a second electrode, laminated successively, in which at least one layer of the organic layer has a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a core and comprises at least one of a derivative in which a substituted or unsubstituted C2-30 cycloalkane, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-50 polycycloalkane is directly fused to the core or fused to a substituent of the core; and a new organic compound usable in the organic light emitting device. Furthermore, the present invention provides a charge carrier extracting, injecting or transporting material which has a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a core and comprises a derivative in which a substituted or unsubstituted C2-30 cycloalkane, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-50 polycycloalkane is directly fused to the core or fused to a substituent of the core.

Abstract: An organic photoelectronic device includes an anode and a cathode facing each other, and an organic layer between the anode and the cathode, the organic layer including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 as a visible light-absorbing body, and at least one of a hole buffer material having an energy bandgap of greater than or equal to about 2.8 eV and a HOMO level between a work function of the anode and a HOMO level of the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1, and an electron buffer material having an energy bandgap of greater than or equal to about 2.8 eV and a LUMO level between a work function of the cathode and a LUMO level of the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1.

Abstract: A method of depositing semiconductor nanocrystals on a surface can include applying a voltage to the nanocrystals.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a photoactive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an electron donor and an electron acceptor, and a partially oxidized metal thin film between the first electrode and the photoactive layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a p-type organic semiconductive material that is easy to produce and that has a high planarity in its polymer skeleton, and also provides a photoelectric conversion material, a photoelectric conversion layer, a photoelectric conversion element, and an organic thin film solar cell each having high photoelectric conversion efficiency and using the p-type organic semiconductive material. Specifically, the invention provides a bibenzo[b]furan compound having at least one constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1) or (2), as well as a photoelectric conversion material, a photoelectric conversion layer, a photoelectric conversion element, and an organic thin film solar cell each using that compound for a p-type organic semiconductive material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a coating composition for prevention of substrate oxidation/corrosion comprising energy level modulated conjugated polymer in combination with hydrophobic, spherical molecule in a suitable ratio. Particularly the invention relates to coating composition for protecting metal and alloy comprising the derivatives of polythiophene and polyphenylene vinylene with lower energy level, wherein the pores on the polymeric film are filled/blocked with hydrophobic, spherical molecule to enhance the efficiency of polymer against the corrosion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a chalcopyrite light-absorbing layer for a solar cell, including: forming a thin film including a chalcopyrite compound precursor; and radiating light on the thin film, wherein the chalcopyrite compound precursor absorbs light energy and is thus crystallized. When forming the chalcopyrite light-absorbing layer, light, but not heat, is applied, thus preventing problems, including damage to a substrate due to heat and formation of MoSe2 due to heating of the Mo rear electrode. Furthermore, long-wavelength light, which deeply penetrates the thin film, is first radiated, and short-wavelength light, which shallowly penetrates the thin film, is subsequently radiated, thereby sequentially forming the chalcopyrite light-absorbing layer from the bottom of the thin film.

Abstract: A method is provided for setting an operating parameter for a load on a photovoltaic power source, such as an AC signal or the speed of a motor, including operating a load, using a control system, with the operating parameter set at a first value, providing a measurement of DC source voltage at the power source to the control system, and providing a measurement of DC source current at the power source to the control system, determining the logarithm of the conductance from the measurement of DC source voltage and the measurement of DC source current, and comparing a reference parameter based on the logarithm of the conductance to a reference setpoint. Based on that comparison, the operating parameter may be modified for the load if the value of the reference parameter differs from the value of the reference setpoint by more than a threshold amount.

Abstract: Doping metal oxide charge transport material with an organic molecule lowers electrical resistance while maintaining transparency and thus is optimal for use as charge transport materials in various organic optoelectronic devices such as organic photovoltaic devices and organic light emitting devices.

Abstract: A method for processing a perovskite photoactive layer. The method comprises depositing a lead salt precursor onto a substrate to form a lead salt thin film, depositing a second salt precursor onto the lead salt thin film, annealing the substrate to form a perovskite material.

Abstract: Embodiments of forming an image sensor with organic photodiodes are provided. Trenches are formed in the organic photodiodes to increase the PN-junction interfacial area, which improves the quantum efficiency (QE) of the photodiodes. The organic P-type material is applied in liquid form to fill the trenches. A mixture of P-type materials with different work function values and thickness can be used to meet the desired work function value for the photodiodes.

Abstract: Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes. The active layer may have perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers.

Abstract: With a view to realizing a titanium oxide structure that has a large surface area and enables efficient transfer of ions and electrons by virtue of titanium oxide particles connected to one another, an object of the invention is to develop a material useful as an active material for dye-sensitized solar cells, and a process for producing the material; a porous titanium oxide composition and a process for producing the composition; and a photoelectric conversion element comprising the titanium oxide structure or porous titanium oxide composition.

Abstract: An electrochromic device comprises (i) a conductive layer, (ii) an electrochromic material, on the conductive layer, (iii) an electrolyte, on the electrochromic material, and (iv) a counter-electrode, on the electrolyte. The conductive layer has a surface roughness factor (SRF) of at least 10, and the conductive layer comprises a semi-metal.

Abstract: The present invention refers to using the principal of a room temperature molten ionic liquid, to an electrolyte, to devices comprising the ionic liquid co-melting, and to the preparation of a room temperature ionic liquid via various physical and chemical methods. The room temperature molten ionic liquid comprises at least two component salts, at least one of which is not molten at room temperature, but, if combined with another salt, is in the molten state at room temperature.

Abstract: High performance organic photovoltaic cells based on donor acceptor polymers in the active layer. A composition comprising: at least one copolymer comprising at least one first donor moiety and at least one first acceptor moiety in the copolymer backbone, wherein the first acceptor moiety comprises at least one first ring which is bivalently linked to the copolymer backbone and at least one second ring fused to the first ring and not bivalently linked to the copolymer backbone, wherein the first ring or the second ring comprises two adjacent fluoro ring substituents, and optionally, wherein the donor comprises at least one fused ring system. High efficiency, high Voc, and a combination of both can be achieved.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar cell having improved photoelectric conversion characteristic includes a metal oxide layer having dye-adsorbed metal oxide nanoparticles, wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are formed by electrospinning a mixed solution of a metal oxide precursor and a polymer into ultrafine composite fibers, and thermally compressing and sintering the ultrafine composite fibers.

Abstract: There is provided a compound represented by a specific formula, which has an absorption maximum at 400 nm or more and less than 720 nm in a UV-visible absorption spectrum, wherein a molar extinction coefficient is 10,000 mol?1·l·cm?1 or more at the absorption maximum wavelength, and a difference between a melting point and a deposition temperature (a melting point?a deposition temperature) is 31° C. or more.