Abstract: A transport device for pneumatically transporting particulate material from a container which is under pressure to a container which is under a lower pressure, in which successive pressure reduction is achieved by repeated deceleration and acceleration of the particulate material in the gas-particle flow and by diversion of the gas-particle flow. The transport device includes a number of rectilinearly arranged nozzles and cup-shaped containers placed downstream of the nozzles and alternating with the nozzles. The cup-shaped containers receive material flowing out of the nozzles. The containers are arranged such that a channel is formed around the outside walls of the containers through which the particulate material flows to a downstream nozzle.

Abstract: A static material-mixing apparatus is disclosed. The static material-mixing apparatus comprises a conduit having an axis and defining a chamber extending longitudinally therethrough opening on first and second ends of the conduit and a mixing element including two continuous segments in the chamber between the first and second ends, each having a generally sinuous cross-section between the first and second ends, the segments being disposed in radially spaced relationship with each other.

Abstract: A static mixing device adapted to be inserted in a fluid stream having a main flow direction with respect to a closed conduit, comprises at least two tabs inclined in the flow direction at a preselected elevation angle between 10.degree. and 45.degree. to the surface of the conduit. The tabs are spaced apart in a direction transverse to the flow direction, the length and width of the tabs being selected so as to generate pairs of oppositely rotating predominantly streamwise vortices at the tips of each tab, and downstream hairpin vortices interconnecting adjacent streamwise vortices generated by a single tab.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a valve construction which provides a radially stacked succession of mutually fitted concentric annuli fitted to an inner tubular member which is open at one end for accommodating inlet fluid flow and which is adapted along its bore and at the opposite end to guide a poppet member that is axially positionable in the bore. The tubular member has a circumferentially and axially distributed plurality of like radial passages adapted to be opened and closed in accordance with the guided position of the poppet member. Progressively increasing pluralities of such radial passages characterize each successive annulus, and all annuli are circumferentially channeled to define a manifolded relation between the plural passage discharges from one annulus and the plural passage inlets of the next annulus. Outlet or downstream flow from the valve is taken from a circumferential manifold around the outermost multiple-ported annulus.

Abstract: A gas-liquid mass transfer apparatus and method, such as for the rapid heating of a liquid stream by a heated gas stream, such as steam, or the rapid dissolving of a gas stream into a liquid stream, which apparatus comprises: a housing having an axial flow path; static or motionless mixing elements disposed in the axial flow path; and passages in the housing to provide for the direct introduction of the gas stream into and about the liquid stream in the axial flow path and substantially along the length of the static mixing elements to provide a mixed product stream.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and apparatus for supplying additives at very low, exactly controlled rates to a liquid or gaseous fluid by means of a rate control element consisting of a highly porous sintered material. Such an apparatus is simple in structure and can be used for a reliable supply at very low rates, which are exactly controlled.

Abstract: A flame arrester for a pipe line is provided comprising a detonation attenuator mounted within the arrester chamber between the quenching element and the backflash flame inlet. The attenuator is generally cup-shaped, aligned with the inlet, of greater diameter than the inlet but of lesser diameter than the arrester chamber, and is positioned close to the inlet so as to circumscribe it. The major portion of the high pressure central portion of a detonation wave generated by a backflash is received by the cup and reflected back into the pipe. Some of the detonation wave passes around the cup and impinges on the arrester element--however it has been delayed sufficiently to ensure complete quenching of the flame front in the element.

Abstract: A liquid dispenser mixing nozzle comprising a housing defining a chamber, a dispensing orifice in the housing communicating with the chamber at a first end, a liquid supply source in fluid connection with the chamber at a second end of the chamber, a plurality of baffles substantially perpendicular to the side wall of the housing, and removable circumferential support members for suspending the baffles within the chamber. A method for mixing and dispensing liquid is also provided.

Abstract: An accumulator of the type that an interior of a vessel main body provided with a feed/discharge port or ports is partitioned into a gas chamber and a liquid chamber by means of a bladder, an inner tube having communication holes is disposed between the feed/discharge port or ports and the bladder, and valve bodies for opening and closing the communication holes are provided on the inside of the inner tube; the communication holes are inclined with respect to the axis of the vessel main body so that liquid passing through the communication holes may collide obliquely against the valve bodies.

Abstract: A static mixing device comprising a conduit in which there are located a plurality of rows of spaced parallel tubes extending across the conduit. The tubes are located in rows in which the adjacent rows extend in a longitudinal direction, but are located at right angles to each other. The heat transfer medium flows through the tubes to maintain the product in the conduit within a preselected temperature range. The adjacent rows of tubes abut each other and thus provide a tortuous path for the product in the conduit to effect mixing thereof.

Abstract: A volute chamber having an inflow port is provided at the inlet of an extraction hole of a diaphragm valve. The volute chamber is formed with a lid in a hollow portion of a synthetic resin material member of the diaphragm member. The volute chamber is formed with a cap as volute chamber forming piece at the lower portion of the synthetic resin material member. A small projection is formed at the inlet of the extraction hole and protrudes in the volute chamber. A rib having an inflow port is formed partially at the outer surface of the cap. The spinning speed of the water in the volute chamber and the fluid circulation resistance in the volute chamber become large. The water supply to a back pressure chamber reduces and the closing speed of the diaphragm valve decreases. The water hammering action in the water inlet valve can be mitigated due to the rapid closing operation of the diaphragm valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to motionless mixers and baffles thereof and includes a baffle having a pair of substantially symmetric opposing major surfaces generally helically twisted along a central longitudinal axis of the baffle and a first substantially planar surface connecting the pair of major surfaces at one end of the baffle, the first planar surface extending both substantially transversely and substntially parallel to the central longitudinal axis. The intersection of the first planar surface and one of the major surfaces forms a knife-like edge at the one end of the baffle. Similar additional knife-like edges can be provided, a second knife-like edge on the one end of the baffle radially disposed on opposite sides of each of a pair of axes through a central longitudinal axis of the baffle to form leading edges of the baffle and a like pair of knife-like trailing edges on an opposite end of the baffle.

Abstract: An accumulator provided with an insert, in which a vessel main body having a feed/discharge port or ports is partitioned into a gas chamber and a liquid chamber by means of a bladder, and an insert projecting into the bladder is disposed, whereby a volume of the gas chamber is reduced.

Abstract: A float system for a ball type accumulator includes a circular hollow float member which surrounds the float travel guide rod in the ball type accumulator. Connecting the float member to the vertical guide rod is a ball member which is located in the center of the float. A circular arcuate band surrounds the ball member thus allowing the float to tilt with respect to the vertical guide rod as the level of the fluid tilts within the accumulator. The tilting of the float prevents the float from flooding when the ball type accumulator is moved.

Abstract: An improved culvert drainpipe and method of utilizing the same is disclosed characterized by use of an elongate thin wall extruded drainpipe element formed having a generally S-shaped configuration defining a pair of main flow channels and including plural curvilinear projections extending axially along the exterior of the element. The distal edges of the drainpipe element cooperate with one or more elongate wall extensions formed on the interior of the drainpipe element which prevent radial compression and/or collapse of the drainpipe element and deter debris from entering into the main the flow channels. In use, multiple drainpipe elements are bundled together in a generally parallel axis orientation whereby the curvilinear projections serve as secondary flow channels, improve debris segregation, and maintain space between adjacent drainpipe elements.

Abstract: A plastic drip irragation tape of unitary construction is disclosed that employs a water impervious polyethylene film folded lengthwise with the edges overlapped and joined together in a heat sealed seam to form a flat flexible conduit. A narrow preformed groove along one edge defines a small secondary conduit within the seam that resists deformation to maintain a consistent controlled drip rate along the tape. Breaks in the seam at regular intervals form inlets through which irrigation water flows from the main conduit into the secondary conduit and outlets through which the water is emitted from the secondary conduit to the soil.

Abstract: A porous composite structure for controlling of gas flow therethrough. The porous composite structure includes a first porous element formed from a sheet having a plurality of perforations with a first total predetermined cross-sectional area. A second porous element formed from a perforated sheet having a second total predetermined perforation cross-sectional area is disposed parallel to the first porous element and spaced a predetermined distance therefrom. At least one intermediate porous element is interposed the first porous element and the second porous element. The intermediate porous element has a total predetermined cross-sectional pore area which is less than the first and second total predetermined cross-sectional areas.

Abstract: A fluid bypass type flowmeter has a main passage which is configurable to various effective diameters by selectably adding pre-defined additional cross-sections comprised of an adjustable laminar flow element located within a bore for fine adjustm=ent of the full-scale range of the flowmeter, and an adjustable restriction secondary passage for crude adjustments of the range of the meter. With adjustment of the flowmeter, all or a selected portion of the flow to be measured can be diverted through the secondary passage, where a flow measuring device is located, thereby allowing the flowmeter to operate at or near its full scale and thereby improving the accuracy of the flowmeter over various ranges of flow rate. A laminar flow element is employed in the main passage so that the pressure drop across the element varies linearly with flow rate and, accordingly, the ratio of diverted to un-diverted flow is a constant ratio even though the flow rate varies.

Abstract: A device for adding lime to acidulated flowing water including a feed hopper and an endless belt conveyor arranged below the feed hopper. The belt conveyor is driven via a one-way clutch of an arm that is, in turn, driven by a tilting movement of a vessel. The vessel is so journaled that when it has been filled with water to a certain level, it tilts forward, allowing the water to stream out of the vessel. At each tilting movement, a chain coupled to the arm drives the conveyor a distinct stretch forward. When the water has left the vessel, a counterweight makes it tilt upwards again, to be filled again. The water is delivered from the stream in proportion to the flow in the stream, for instance by means of a chute starting in a defined cross-section of the stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas flow constriction module for the distribution and control of the flow in a respiratory gas monitoring device. The constriction means is provided by a thin, long, plastic constriction tube (3) which is wound on a coil body (2), including couplings (5) in which said constriction tube (3) is cast. Also the part of constriction tube on the coil body can be cast in an adhesive. The arrangement serves to eliminate the problems that are otherwise involved in the use of a long, thin and slippery plastic tubing.

Abstract: A flow-regulated drip emitter, including a housing provided with an inlet connector connectable into a relatively high-pressure liquid-line and an outlet opening, a flexible diaphragm retained along a peripheral portion thereof in the housing and dividing the interior of the housing into an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber, a flow-regulating valve comprised of a valve head accessible to the high pressure and a valve stem one end of which is attached to the valve head. The emitter further includes at least one flow-attenuating element disposed in the path of the liquid flowing from the inlet chamber into the outlet chamber, a valve seat associated with the valve head and located in a high-pressure region upstream of the inlet chamber, the valve seat and the valve head defining between them a gap through which the liquid passes on its way from the high-pressure line into the inlet chamber.

Abstract: A trunnion cross for connecting two yokes. The trunnion cross includes two pairs of trunnions, wherein each pair is located diametrically opposite each other and extends along an axis, wherein the two axes of the trunnion pairs extend perpendicularly to each other. Each trunnion is received in a roller bearing mounted in an eye of the yoke. The trunnion cross defines two throughbores extending perpendicularly to each other. Cylindrical throttle inserts are inserted in the throughbores for pressure redcution. A thread is formed on the outer circumference of each throttle insert defining a throttle passage. The throttle inserts ensure a uniform reduction of the lubricant pressure within the trunnion cross toward all four trunnion bearing. The danger of a clogging of a lubricant duct by dirt particles is reduced. Any plugs formed by hardening lubricant which cause clogging of a lubricant duct can be ejected.

Abstract: A vertical dropshaft having internal helicoidal ramps for dissipating the energy of liquid passing through the dropshaft and for exhausting air entrained by the falling liquid up the center of the dropshaft.

Abstract: An apparatus for the control of velocity and pressure of hot gases flowing through a conduit wherein generally spherically shaped objects of refractory material are disposed within such conduit during the operation thereof to provide a constriction of the cross-sectional area of the conduit through which the gases are flowing. A particular embodiment of the apparatus employed in the present invention comprises a pair of generally spherically shaped refractory objects secured together by means of a length of flexible steel cable.

Abstract: A spiral gas stream is generated in a pipeline when a uniform flow of gas flowing in a cylinder having inner diameter larger than that of the pipeline is introduced through a funnelform reducer into the inlet of the pipeline and bringing the mean gas stream velocity in the pipeline faster than 20 meter per second. The uniform flow of gas is formed in the cylinder easily when outside low pressure gas is fed into the cylinder through a feed gas inlet pipe installed diagonally at the side of the cylinder apart from the bottom plate so as to make the flow line of the feed gas to cross the axis of the cylinder and inclined toward the bottom plate. When solid particles are introduced into the spiral gas stream zone, they are transported to the outlet of the pipeline. As the compressed gas layer is formed along the inside wall of the pipeline by the spiral motion of gas stream, solid particles don't contact directly with the inside wall of the pipeline and don't hurt it.

Abstract: A pulsation absorbing device and method of making a pulsation absorbing device is disclosed. The pulsation absorbing device includes a pressure vessel having a resilient diaphragm mounted therein together with an inlet associated with one end of the pressure vessel and an outlet associated with the other end of the pressure vessel. A spool is mounted within the pressure vessel inwardly of the resilient diaphragm and intermediate and in communication with the inlet and the outlet to carry fluid from the inlet to the outlet. The spool and the resilient diaphragm define a pressure chamber therebetween which is in fluid communication with fluid carried from the inlet to the outlet through holes in the spool. A helical wave band is disposed on the spool for accommodating flow through the holes in the spool and defines a plurality of helically spaced flow accommodating openings.

Abstract: A motionless fluid mixer for mixing two or more kinds of fluids has an elongated tubular casing into which a mixing element and a spacer are arranged in combination, the mixing element being provided with a helically twisted blade member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a damping device comprising two identical cylindrical elements which are obliquely truncated and whose respective elliptic surfaces are provided with slots and are in tight mutual engagement with a thin wall interposed therebetween and provided with calibrated bores or holes, this damping device may be mounted on the height corrector of a vehicle equipped with a hydropneumatic suspension.

Abstract: In order to provide a control valve for reducing the pressure of a fluid flowing through a system, while also achieving the pressure reduction in an acoustically damped manner, the flow control valve utilizes a pressure reduction chamber for reducing fluid pressure in an incremental manner together with a valve member having a porous insert for acoustically damping noise generated during the pressure reduction. The flow control valve includes a valve housing having a valve chamber intermediate a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet through which the fluid inlet communicates with the fluid outlet. By utilizing these components in the valve, the pressure reduction chamber can be disposed generally intermediate the fluid inlet and valve chamber, and the hollow valve member can be disposed in communication with the pressure reduction chamber, whereby the porous insert in the hollow valve member will further reduce fluid pressure in an acoustically damped manner upstream of the fluid outlet.

Abstract: A plurality of angularly offset orifices (29) are disposed within a fuel line (13) to meter a flow of fuel therethrough. A first set (23) of orifices each have a length (L) (27) and a diameter (D) (31) having a first L/D ratio. A second set (35) of orifices each have a second L/D ratio.

Abstract: A gas turbulator (21) is used in burners (20) of different kinds to obtain better combustion. The turbulator is placed in a chamber or passageway (10) for hot combustion gases. The turbulator fills the passageway forcing the gases to pass a double-wall it including a first membrane wall (22) with radial slits (24) and another membrane wall (23) with a central exhaust opening (26). The slits (24) have oblique wings (25) at least along one edge, which causes the gases to mix intensively within the space between the membrane walls (22,23). These are, during burning, maintained at a high temperature, which guarantees an efficient final combustion.

Abstract: A low-noise control valve in which a noise-dampening element (9) is arranged inside of the valve housing (1) in the passageway of the medium. A built-in element, in which lamellas touching one another are arranged over the entire cross section of passage parallel to each other and parallel to the direction of flow serves as noise-dampening element. These lamellas exhibit a linear corrugation, with the directions of the corrugations proceeding obliquely with respect to the direction of flow and the directions of the corrugations of two adjacent lamellas at a time intersecting each other. Favorable sound level reductions are achieved in small installation dimensions. In upper valves, the built-in element can be arranged at the valve cone. In rotary cone valves, it can be designed as a valve seat.

Abstract: A guide tube flow restrictor for use on an upper guide tube housing support plate of a nuclear reactor, for guiding of a control rod drive shaft through an aperture in the support plate and restriction of flow of coolant therethrough, has an outer ring seatable on the support plate, the outer ring having a flange member from which there depends a plurality of flexible members, the flexible members having inwardly disposed deflectors thereon, and extending through the bore of the outer ring and the aperture of the support plate. An axially insertable sleeve, upon insertion into the outer ring, between the flexible members, contacts the deflectors thereon to radially force the flexible members outwardly to secure the same with the walls of the aperture of the support plate. Baffles are provided on the flexible segments and additional locking members provided between the outer ring and inner sleeve.

Abstract: An energy dissipator for downwardly discharged water utilizes a hollow cone valve located in a chamber open to the atmosphere and arranged to direct water emerging therefrom at an angle inclined downwards from the horizontal towards a region of a surrounding wall, and a pair of troughs around the inner surface of the wall above and below the region with the open mouths of the troughs facing each other. The troughs serve to reduce considerably the incoming energy of the water in a relatively small volume, the effect being enhanced by splitting the water emerging from the cone valve into a series of discrete jets, between which air can flow.

Abstract: A proving apparatus and method for large capacity rotary type gas meters having a blower assembly for connection downstream to the test meter, a pulsation dampener for connection upstream to the test meter, and a turbine-type reference meter for connection upstream to the pulsation dampener, whereby an ambient test air stream is drawn successively through the reference meter, the pulsation dampener, the test meter and the blower. This arrangement uniquely isolates the reference meter from the effects of the inherent flow pulsations produced by the rotary test meter so that the tested flow measurement from the reference meter is substantially accurate to, in turn, provide the most accurate calculation of the percentage proof of the test meter. A computer is utilized to control various aspects of the testing procedure and to analyze the test data.

Abstract: A drip irrigation emitter which provides for varying the length of the water flow path through the emitter in proportion to the pressure applied to it from the irrigation system. A housing defines an internal chamber in which a piston is disposed. The housing has an inlet at one end and an outlet at the other end. The inner dimensions of the outlet end of the housing are reduced to generally conform with the periphery of the piston. The inlet end of the chamber is enlarged relative to the piston to allow generally free flow of water therearound. A generally helical groove extending along the periphery of the piston forms a water turbulence-producing passageway which varies in length depending upon the position of the piston within the outlet end of the chamber. A spring biases the piston toward the inlet end of the chamber. Pressurized water in the inlet end of the chamber moves the piston against the spring toward the outlet end.

Abstract: A heater with a burner which is supplied with liquid fuel by a metering pump and a fuel supply line, is provided with a throttle in the fuel supply line between the metering pump and the burner. The throttle is preferably formed by a long throttle element, in particular a wire, which is placed and inserted into a fuel line connector that is rigidly connected to the burner. The throttle which is formed in this way smooths out the volume flow of fuel to the burner and reduces the dwell time of the fuel, especially in the fuel line connector, in order to prevent gas evolution and the associated formation of vapor bubbles.

Abstract: A protective device for employing in an accumulator wherein, in a pressure vessel, a separating member dividing the interior of the pressure vessel and a supporting cylinder having open pores as said protective device are coaxially arranged in order of approaching the axis. The protective device is for protecting the separating member from damage when the separating member is pressed against the supporting cylinder. By virtue of employing the novel protective device in an accumulator, the fluid flow through the supporting cylinder is not hindered and no fragments detached from the material of supporting cylinder enter the fluid to damage the fluid system.

Abstract: A control valve includes a valve body with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. A valve seat is mounted within the valve body between the inlet and outlet. A valve plug is reciprocally mounted within the valve body to engage the valve seat. A plurality of valve cages are removably mounted on the valve seat and surround the valve plug. The valve cages are mounted to define axial flow galleries. One of the valve cages includes a plurality of apertures and fins that extend radially into a gallery between the first cage and a second cage. The second valve cage is adjacent to and surrounds the first valve cage. The second valve cage includes a plurality of apertures and fins that extend into the gallery area between the second cage and a third cage. The third cage surrounds and is adjacent the second cage. A plurality of apertures are defined in an upper portion of the third cage member.

Abstract: Means for preventing water hammer in a fluid-feeding system caused by a jet mixer installed in the fluid-feeding system. The jet mixer comprises a casing having an inlet and an outlet for the system fluid and a supply port for a material to be mixed into the system fluid, and a venturi-type jet tube within the casing. A group of a plurality of spring-shaped elements is padded within a chamber defined between the jet tube and the surrounding casing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiator valve assembly which includes the well known adjustable throttle valve and seat therefor in combination with an insert in the downstream side thereof which has a fixed throttle passage extending axially thereof. The throttle passage has a cross section which converges on the inlet side thereof and is sufficiently long to minimize the developing of turbulence in the flow stream.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for removing hardening calcium-containing and similar minerals from water, in which raw water is passed through a passage, having a reduced cross-sectional area, in an elongated core of a suitable alloy. The passage is provided with closely-spaced parallel walls which have been polished to an image reflective smoothness and etched to create a multiplicity of randomly-positioned microscopic channels and a multiplicity of complementary mesas having smooth, flat tops. The reduced cross-sectional area causes a pressure drop in accordance with Bernoulli's Principle, which causes carbon dioxide to come out of solution, the presence of which inhibits precipitation of calcium carbonate and forms carbonic acid to attack existing scale. The small size and shape of the mesas allow calcite crystals to begin to grow but permit them to break off after a certain size has been attained. The freed calcite crystals then provide nuclei for crystals to grow from the supersaturated solution.

Abstract: A water irrigation emitter comprises a labyrinth in which the main flowpath is divided into a plurality of branches, and each of the branches is in turn divided into a plurality of sub-branches, the sub-branches being oriented such that the water flowing through each of the sub-branches of one branch intersect the water flowing through each sub-branch of the other branch at a plurality of intersection points. This to dissipates a substantial amount of the water energy to produce a low flow rate while still enabling the use of passageways of relatively large cross-section which are not susceptible to clogging. The flow rate may be further reduced by the provision of obstructions at the centers of each of the intersections.

Abstract: The subject matter of the application is a device for pneumatically or hydraulic feeding of dust-like, powdery or granulated bulk goods which has a feed line with an inner pipe mounted therein extending concentrically thereto, being provided with outlet and inlet openings. In order subject the bulk goods in the feed line of such a device to a continuous strong turbulence, so that no plugs of goods can form, but on the other hand to have the possibility to dissolve such plugs of goods if they form it is provided as a solution that a vertically disposed disk (5) is provided in the inner pipe (2) between an outlet and an inlet opening (3,4) which is provided with at least one opening (6) which preferably consists of a circular hole, being provided in the center of disk (5), or which consists of a slot (13). Thereby, the disk (5) may be eccentrically disposed between the outlet opening and inlet opening (3,4) and may be exchangeably mounted in inner pipe (2).

Abstract: The method of providing an order of magnitude manufacturing cost reduction in the manufacture of fluid flow restrictors by employing components produced by punch press stamping operations. The flow restrictor is formed of a plurality of annular plates. Half of the plates are punched to form concentric rings of tabs at right angles to one surface thereof. The plates with and without the tabs are alternately stacked concentrically and brazed together to form the fluid flow restrictor having a central core communicating with the exterior surface through a plurality of tortuous paths.

Abstract: A pressure-reducing valve for a dust-entraining gaseous or liquid fluent flow comprises a vertical tube containing a bed of particles which are fluidized by the flow. The particles have considerably greater specific weight than the dust in the flow, so that the particles in the bed are not carried away by the flow. The valve may be used to permit the continuous egress of a dust-contaminated flow from a pressurized container, for example a cyclone, while maintaining the pressure in the container. If the fluent flow is hot, the valve tube may be surrounded by a cooling jacket for extracting heat therefrom. The height of the bed in the tube may be adjusted to and from a particle storage, at the lower and upper ends, respectively, of the tube.

Abstract: A gas-distributing device for use in a gas passage which flares like a diffuser, particularly a passage leading to an electrostatic precipitator, formed by a set of components consisting of perforated sheet metal panels, carrying and connecting elements, in which the carrying elements have no wide end faces extending at right angles to the direction of flow so that the variations of the gas velocity over the entire flow area can be distinctly reduced. Besides, the set of components can be manufactured at lower total costs and the perforated sheet metal panels, which are connected by the connecting element to the carrying elements consisting of flat bar strips, is simplified.

Abstract: The specification discloses a steam distributor having a chamber to contain steam on one side of a paper web and a vacuum box on the opposite side of the paper web. The distributor has a feeding system for controlling the rate at which hot gas is applied to the paper.

Abstract: A valve trim cage assembly for anti-cavitation control valves comprises a plurality of concentrically nested, cylindrical sleeves with fluid flow constricting annular channels defined between adjacent sleeves. Each sleeve has an indentical multiplicity of radial plenum holes contained therein which serve as expansion chambers, each plenum hole intersecting at least one flow constricting channel to provide tortuous fluid flow paths of alternating expansion plenum holes and constricted annular channels radially through the cage assembly. The cross sectional area of the channels increase from sleeve to sleeve in the direction of fluid flow to provide staged and gradually decreasing pressure reduction as the flow proceeds through the cage assembly. The area of the plenum holes is much greater than the total cross sectional area of all annular channels intersecting the plenum hole such that the channels are always flow restricting and the plenums are expansion chambers.

Abstract: High energy loss fluid control is attained by subdividing flow of high pressure fluid into a plurality of individual streams in respective passageways having a long length to diameter ratio to impart high frictional resistance losses to the fluid flow, the passageways being in and between laminar surfaces and configurated along their lengths. For extremely high efficiency the passageways are in labyrinth formation.