Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved grill grate wherein an automated cooking oil system is incorporated into the design of said grill grate. The invention includes a grill grate that has a plurality of outlet holes that align the top surface of the grill grate. The invention also includes a cooking oil pumping system that is in connection with the grill grate.

Abstract: The present invention is an intelligent flow control valve which may be inserted into the flow coming out of a pipe and activated to provide a method to stop, measure, and meter flow coming from the open or possibly broken pipe. The intelligent flow control valve may be used to stop the flow while repairs are made. Once repairs have been made, the valve may be removed or used as a control valve to meter the amount of flow from inside the pipe. With the addition of instrumentation, the valve may also be used as a variable area flow meter and flow controller programmed based upon flowing conditions. With robotic additions, the valve may be configured to crawl into a desired pipe location, anchor itself, and activate flow control or metering remotely.

Abstract: A pipe, in particular in the air supply system of internal combustion engines which are provided, in particular, with an intake system and/or control electronics, is described, wherein the internal pipe and/or the internal pipe surface (1) have/has at least one element (1, 5, 6) which changes the diameter (2) of the internal pipe and/or the cross-sectional area of the internal pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flow volume regulator (1) having at least one throttle body (2) which is composed of elastically deformable material and which is arranged in the throughflow duct (3) of a regulator housing (4) and which delimits a control gap (5) between itself and a regulating profiling provided on an inner circumferential and/or outer circumferential duct wall, the clear throughflow cross section of which control gap (5) can be varied as a result of the throttle body (2) which can be deformed under the pressure of the medium flowing through, with the regulating housing (4) bearing on its outer circumference a clamping edge region for clamping the flow volume regulator (1) between two line sections or line components which are connected to one another.

Abstract: A modularly structured unit is comprised of a flow resistance element and an orifice plate adjacent thereto, preferably for use in the main flow duct of a thermal mass flow rate measuring or control device. The flow resistance element can be combined with various orifice plates having different opening diameters.

Abstract: A variable-aperture reciprocating reed valve includes a valve body defining a through hole region having a contoured-profile portion. A semi-rigid plate is affixed on one side thereof to the valve body to define a cantilever extending across the through hole region. At least one free edge of the cantilever opposes the contoured-profile portion of the through hole region in a non-contact relationship.

Abstract: An ambulatory drug infusion system includes a disposable ambulatory infusion pump and a flow regulator for regulating flow of the drug supplied from the disposable ambulatory infusion pump. The flow regulator includes a cylinder assembly of first, second and third cylinders arranged coaxially. The flow regulator includes a continuous spiral or helical liquid-flow channel formed between the first cylinder and the second cylinder fitted into the first cylinder. The regulator includes bypass through-holes in communication with the spiral or helical channel and formed in the second cylinder. The regulator further includes liquid-flow passages formed between the second cylinder and the third cylinder fitted into the second cylinder. The through-holes are in communication with the passages, respectively. One of the passages can be selected to choose a predetermined flow rate. The regulator further includes a diaphragm valve which can regulate fluid communication between the spiral liquid-flow channel and an outlet.

Abstract: A flexible hose having an inner tube member made from a thermoplastic elastomer material and an outer tube member made from a non-elastic polyester material. The inner tube member is secured to the outer tube member only at an inlet coupler and an outlet coupler. The inlet coupler is constructed to secure to a water supply provided from a conventional household water spigot. The outlet coupler incorporates a flow restrictor allowing the inner tube member to equalize in pressure with pressurized water received from the water supply. Pressurized water expands the elongated inner tube member longitudinally along a length of the inner tube member and laterally across a width of the inner tube member thereby substantially increasing the length of the hose to an expanded condition wherein the hose contracts to a substantially decreased length when there is a decrease in pressurized water.

Abstract: A check valve of a cylinder head controls an oil supply amount to the cylinder head according to oil pressure of a hydraulic pump. The check valve of the cylinder head according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include: a lower cover of cylindrical shape including upper and lower surfaces, the upper surface being open and the lower surface having at least one first oil hole for receiving oil from the hydraulic pump; an upper cover coupled to the upper surface of the lower cover and having a sliding axle and at least one second oil hole; a first plate mounted in the lower cover, sliding vertically along the sliding axle, and having at least one third oil hole that is disposed eccentrically to the at least one second oil hole; and a second plate disposed between the first plate and the lower cover, sliding vertically along the sliding axle, and having at least one fourth oil hole disposed eccentrically to the first, second, and third oil holes.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a motherboard. A first heat sink and a second heat sink are set on the motherboard. A number of memories are set on the motherboard and located at two sides of the first heat sink. An air duct is located between the first heat sink and the second heat sink. The air duct includes a main body and two air baffles. The main body includes a top board and two side boards extending from opposite sides of the top board. The top board and the two side boards cooperatively define an airflow channel. The airflow channel includes an air intake facing the first heat sink, and an air outlet facing the second heat sink. Each side board defines an opening. Each air baffle is pivotably mounted to the corresponding side board and adjacent to the corresponding opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (20) for adjusting a rate of flow of air flowing along an air duct, comprising: a tubular body (22) extending along an axis (24); at least one flap (28) able to pivot about an axis transverse to the axis (24) of the body (22); a ring (34) mounted to pivot on an end portion (22b) of the body (22) about the axis (24) of this body; each flap (28) being provided with a male drive means and the ring (34) being provided with a female drive means, or vice versa, the male drive means and the female drive means being arranged in such a way that, in response to the ring (34) being pivoted about the body (22), the male drive means engages with the female drive means to alter the position of each flap (28) and hence the cross section available for the passage of air.

Abstract: An air duct includes a main body, and an adjusting assembly. The main body includes a top plate and two lateral plates extending from opposite sides of the top plate. The adjusting assembly includes two first limiting plates, a second limiting plate, and a third plate. The second and third limiting plates are slidably attached to each other, and are respectively pivotably attached to the first limiting plates. Each first limiting plate is adjustably attached to the lateral plates.

Abstract: A flow stabilizer includes a base, a noise reduction structure, and a plurality of protrusion structures. The noise reduction structure is disposed on the base. The protrusion structures are disposed between the base and the noise reduction structure. The protrusion structures define a plurality of intervals, and at least two intervals are not equal.

Abstract: A fluid regulating device includes a valve body having an inlet, an outlet, a valve port, and a control element shiftable within the valve body. A control assembly includes an actuator coupled to the control element and includes a diaphragm disposed adjacent a diaphragm chamber. A sense tube has a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion, the first end positioned to communicate with the diaphragm chamber, the second end disposed adjacent the outlet, and the intermediate portion disposed adjacent an intermediate portion of the outlet. The sense tube includes a shoulder and a flared portion, with the flared portion disposed adjacent the second end.

Abstract: A capillary bridge viscometer, comprises an input port (flow in) an output port (flow out) a first capillary tubing arm (R1) in a first hydraulic path between the input port and a first differential detection point (DP+), a second capillary tubing arm (R3) in a second hydraulic path between the first differential detection point (DP+) and the output port (flow out), a third capillary tubing arm (R2) in a third hydraulic path between the input port (flow in) and a second differential detection point (DP?), a fourth capillary tubing arm (R4) in a fourth hydraulic path between the second differential detection point (DP?) and the output port (flow out), an adjustable mechanical flow restrictor (20) in one of the first, second, third, and fourth hydraulic paths, wherein the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor (20) is operative to mechanically adjust a resistance to flow of a fluid while the fluid flows through the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor.

Abstract: A water-saving device structure is provided. When the pressure of an entry water is high, a water-barrier sheet body is pressed to cause a downwardly-moved elastic stopping portion to block a water-inflow opening of a water-outflow seat body, so that the water flow is conducted to a water-outflow opening through a water-conducting opening of the water-barrier sheet body. When the pressure of the entry water is low, the entry water is conducted to the water-outflow opening via one path traveling from the water-conducting opening of the water-bather sheet body to the water-outflow opening of the water-outflow seat body and the other path traveling along the clearances of stopping wall portions of the water-outflow seat body, a water-storage circular slot portion, the water-inflow openings of the water-outflow seat body and the water-outflow opening of the water-outflow seat body. Therefore, the outflow water with steady flow rate can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in part, a valve assembly and method that maintains balance of flow to pressure in fluid and gas piping system applications. In one embodiment, the present invention includes a main body component adapted to retain a chamber body component, a fluid control plate and seal, and a chamber cap. The chamber body component is slidably maintained within the main body component. A resilient gland member is securably attachable to one end of the main body component and the chamber body component, and acts as a seal and a memory for returning the chamber body component to a standard operating position upon fluid pressure environment shifting the chamber body component towards a shut off position. In one embodiment, the chamber cap, gland member and a pressure plate member act as an end body member securable to an end of the main body component and chamber body component.

Abstract: A flow modulating device comprises flow modulating elements 8 of a shape memory alloy, which are acted upon by resilient elements 10. The flow modulating elements 8 and resilient elements 10 are mounted on a common support ring 6. At one temperature, the flow modulating elements 8 overcome the resilient force of the resilient elements 10 to lie against the wall of a duct 4 in which the device is situated. The flow modulating elements 8 thus offer a relatively low resistance to flow in the duct 4. At a second temperature, the force of the resilient elements 10 overcomes that of the flow modulating elements 8 to deflect them inwardly of the duct 4, so increasing the flow resistance of the device.

Abstract: A device for shutting an aircraft jettisoning circuit includes a coupling endpiece. The endpiece carries a sealing gasket and means suitable for modifying a dimension of the gasket.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and to a method for controlling an aircraft engine starter-generator. The system comprises a transmission box (20) with a fixed gear ratio intended to be mechanically coupled to a turbine shaft (12) of the engine to allow the latter to be started, a gearbox (40) with multiple gear ratios that is mechanically coupled to a pinion of the transmission box, a starter-generator (30) mechanically coupled to a pinion of the gearbox, and means for instigating a change in gear ratio of the gearbox according to the mode of operation of the starter-generator.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for a pressure valve for a battery pack comprising a housing that has a cavity, a first plate inside the cavity and an expansible chamber inside the cavity between the first plate and the bottom of the housing. The first plate and the expansible chamber have openings that are in fluid communication with a gas inside the battery pack. The expansible chamber is deformable in order to contract or expand in response to changes in pressure in the gas within the battery pack and the first plate is movable relative to the bottom of the housing.

Abstract: A homogenizer valve (1) comprising a ring-shaped first chamber (5) with an inlet (8) for receiving fluid under high pressure, a second ring-shaped chamber (7) with an outlet (9) for fluid under low pressure, a passage head (10) and, between the first and the second chamber, an impact head (11) which is axially mobile with respect to the passage head (10) and acts together with it to define a gap between the impact head (11) and the passage head (10) forming a passage (14) for the fluid passing from the first chamber to the second chamber, and a pusher (15) acting on the impact head (11) to push it in an axial direction towards the passage head (10) thus partially counteracting the pressure exerted by the fluid contained in the first chamber (5) on the annular surface (13) of the impact head (11), this passage (14) comprising at least a first portion (20) and a second portion (21) positioned in sequence between the first chamber and the second chamber, and where the first portion faces in a radial direction an

Abstract: A drain plug for a carrier assembly is used to control fluid flow from a reservoir to a sump. The carrier assembly includes a carrier housing with an internal cavity that houses a gear assembly. The sump is located within the internal cavity to lubricate the gear assembly. The reservoir is separated from the sump by a channel. The drain plug is attached to the carrier housing, and extends into the channel, to provide a fluid flow restriction between the reservoir and the sump.

Abstract: A fluid delivery device for fixing to and delivering a fluid into a pressurized pipe, the device operable for restricting a flow of fluid through the pipe, thereby generating a restricted flow region within the pipe, the device including a delivery conduit arranged to open into the restricted flow region.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in part, a valve assembly and method that maintains balance of flow to pressure in fluid and gas piping system applications. In one embodiment, the present invention includes a main body component adapted to retain a chamber body component, a fluid control plate and seal, and a chamber cap. The chamber body component is slidably maintained within the main body component. A resilient gland member is securably attachable to one end of the main body component and the chamber body component, and acts as a seal and a memory for returning the chamber body component to a standard operating position upon fluid pressure environment shifting the chamber body component towards a shut off position.

Abstract: An electromagnetic valve having a flow control function. A valve body has an inlet, an outlet, a valve chest, and a valve plate contained inside the valve chest. The valve plate opens and closes a valve seat using a movable core in order to control the flow rate of water and to prevent backflow. A first channel is disposed inside the outlet. A flow control means, configured as a single unit, is inserted into the outlet, and includes a mover for opening and closing a flow of water by being detached from and brought into contact with the first channel, a stator disposed coaxially with the mover. The stator allows the mover to be elastic and freely movable using a restoring element. A flow rate control element is supported on the stator, and has a predetermined interval from the stator to form a second channel.

Abstract: A fluid-carrying conduit achieves variable resistance to flow. An elongate, hollow body casing has at least one chamber containing either a dilatant fluid or an electroactive polymer. In the case of the dilatant fluid, a reduction in an effective flow cross section of the fluid line occurs in reaction to an increase in the shear rate of a fluid flowing through the fluid line. In the case of the electroactive polymer, a reduction in an effective flow cross section of the fluid line occurs in reaction to an electric current being applied to the body casing. The conduit may be configured for use as a degassing line in a cooling system of an internal combustion engine. The conduit may have a reinforcement encircling the electroactive polymer. The conduit may have an electrically conductive connecting surface adjacent to the electroactive polymer. The electroactive polymer may be an ionic electroactive polymer.

Abstract: A simplified variable orifice for a conduit furnishing a stream of particulate coal to a burner for a turbine in an electrical utility plant. Two plates are installed across the conduit, one of them being fixed and the other being variable in angular position relative to the first. A lockable mechanism is provided externally of the conduit to manually adjust the degree of blocking and to indicate the position of the movable plate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mitigating slug formation in a multiphase fluid stream that is flowing through a conduit wherein the conduit comprises a first portion and a second portion which is upwardly inclined to the first portion and wherein the multiphase fluid stream comprises a gaseous phase and a liquid phase, the method comprising the steps of: (a) determining the pressure in the conduit upstream of a slugging zone; (b) determining the pressure in the conduit downstream of the slugging zone; (c) determining the actual pressure difference across the slugging zone by subtracting the downstream pressure from step (b) from the upstream pressure from step (a); (d) determining the error between a target pressure difference and the actual pressure difference; (e) producing a signal comprising a first component which is proportional to the error and a second component which is proportional to the rate of change of the error over time; and (f) using the signal produced in step (e) to control the position of an a

Abstract: A structure of water-saving device includes a base, an adjusting ring and a gland. The adjusting ring is mounted in a water-inlet channel. The gland is movably positioned in the base to limit the adjusting ring. A central part of a top surface of the gland sinks downward to form a recess. When water flow impacts the gland, the gland pushes the adjusting ring, such that the adjusting ring is deformed. Since a difference of pressure occurs between a top and bottom surfaces of the gland, the larger the water pressure is, the larger the force from the gland toward the adjusting ring becomes; thus the degree of deformation of the adjusting ring also becomes large, such that the area between the adjusting ring and the bottom surface of the base for water flowing through decreases and the flow of water gradually achieves a stable value.

Abstract: A fluid adjusting device is installed in a valve unit so as to control the volume or pressure of the fluid passing through the valve unit. The fluid adjusting device includes three parts retractably connected to each other and holes are defined through each of the three parts. By expanding or retracting the three parts, the holes can be exposed or hidden to adjust the volume or pressure of the fluid passing through the valve unit.

Abstract: A valve device for restricting flow is provided that includes a degradable portion. A method of temporarily blocking flow is also provided which includes a degradable portion of an oilfield element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (1) for damping pressure variations in a sealed chamber, including: a flat element (4) held stationary in the sealed chamber and perforated with at least one opening (10); at least one flat mobile element (3) arranged, in normal operation, in the same shared plane as the element held stationary in the chamber so as to cover the opening of the element which is held stationary, said mobile flat element being suitable for separating from the opening in the direction of the top or the bottom of the chamber, the dimensions of said element which is held stationary being at least equal to those of the opening for the element which is held stationary, preferably equal to those of said opening; at least one joining member (7) rigidly connecting the mobile element to the element which is held stationary and enabling the flat mobile element to be held, separated or returned relative to the opening of the element which is held stationary, in particular said joining member compris

Abstract: The amount or extent of expositions as a result of hot smelt from a pulp mill recovery boiler impacting cool liquid in a dissolving tank is reduced more effectively by regulating the smelt flow via a restrictor assembly. The restrictor assembly may be positioned to permit the smelt to flow, unrestricted, from the recovery boiler to the dissolving tank, or the restrictor assembly may be positioned so as to fully or partially block the smelt flow from the boiler to the dissolving tank. In some embodiments, a source of cooling fluid may be coupled to the restrictor assembly so as to assist in cooling parts of the restrictor assembly when hot smelt is in contact with the assembly.

Abstract: A device (100, 200, 200bis, 300, 300bis) for controlling a pilot pressure signal of hydraulic valves (3), for controlling the handling of gravitational loads (M), operating between two pilot lines (108, 109, 208, 209, 308, 309) between the valve (3) and a cylinder (1) adapted to sustain the load (M). The device (100, 200, 200bis, 300, 300bis) is a two-way and two-position valve for the communication between the cylinder stem-side pilot line (5) and the valve-side line (3) and is a valve which can take an open position and a partialized position, or anyway it never takes a closed position. The device (100, 200, 200bis, 300, 300bis) can take a position so that the fluid passage between the pilot lines (108, 109, 208, 209, 308, 309) is never completely closed.

Abstract: A ball valve having an anti-rotational pressure plate that allows for a balanced pressure load on a valve member is provided. Additionally, the pressure plate can also fix the rotation of an adjacent flow disk, allowing for angular-orientation specific flow characterizing features to be used with the flow disk. By fixing the rotation of the flow disk, the ball valve can characterize flows using a greater variety of flow disk geometries, including angular-orientation dependent and angular-orientation independent flow disks. Further, the pressure plate could also be directly in the form of a flow disk that has anti-rotation features.

Abstract: A valve formed from a frustoconical piece of foldable material, having folds extending from a closable end towards the other end that connects to a container of liquid, each fold having an inner crease extending into the interior region of the nozzle. The valve has a biasing mechanism that may include a spiral spring encircling a nozzle to bias the inner creases inward to cause them to abut each other at the closable end so that the valve is maintained in a closed position. When liquid is forced into the interior region under sufficient pressure it causes the nozzle to move from the closed position to an open position so liquid flows from the interior region out the closable end of the nozzle, and when the pressure on the liquid is removed, the biasing mechanism causes the nozzle to move back to the closed position.

Abstract: An anti-flooding device (10) including a duct (12) for passage of a flow of liquid, and a limiter (14) inserted along the duct (12) for passage of liquid and defining a section for passage of the liquid that decreases progressively as the flowrate of liquid increases, with closing of the duct (12) once a given threshold flowrate has been reached. The limiter (14) has at least one male element (18) and at least one female element (20), which are mobile with respect to one another so that they slide into one another as the flowrate of liquid increases. Progressive insertion into one another of the male element (18) and the female element (20) defines the section of passage. The male element (18) and female element (20) are shaped with respect to one another so as to reduce the section of passage as the flowrate increases, with closing of the duct (12) for passage of liquid as soon as a given threshold flowrate is reached.

Abstract: A fluid flow regulator includes a regulating profile which is either centrally or peripherally disposed within the flow rate regulator, and an annular restrictor which is made of an elastic material. In a functional position of the flow rate regulator, the restrictor delimits a control gap between itself and the regulating profile. In a starting position of the flow rate regulator, the flow rate regulator has an unrestricted flow cross section that is larger than the control gap. The unrestricted flow cross section of the flow rate regulator is variable by a deformation of the restrictor in response to a pressure differential that is generated when a fluid flows through the flow rate regulator. The relative position of the restrictor and the regulatory profile is variable, and moveable against a reset force, into the functional position from the starting position, in response to a flow of fluid within the flow rate regulator. The reset force may be provided in the form of a spring.

Abstract: Methods and devices are described for reducing flow resistance in a flow restrictor during high flows.

Abstract: An exhaust control device for a vehicle engine includes an exhaust control valve capable of changing the opening area of an exhaust passage. The exhaust control valve is disposed in exhaust passage forming means so as to be able to change a bent-internal side partial passage sectional area of the passage sectional area of an exhaust passage. Specifically the exhaust control valve is disposed at a bent portion of the exhaust passage that is closest to an exhaust valve port. With this configuration, the exhaust flow rate can be controlled satisfactorily.

Abstract: An air control regulator regulates the amount of air flowing into the inlet of a combustion chamber by causing flowing air to support a disc located in the air passage against the force of gravity. Air passes around the edges of the disc and is channeled into a plurality of airflows by ovoid depressions in the inner surfaces of the regulator forming a venturi chamber. By regulating the airflow into the combustion chamber, combustion efficiency is improved.

Abstract: The invention in question relates to a needle-type stepped cylindrical stopper for automatic control of water consumption in pipelines, of two types, each type having two sections for automatically controlling water consumption, irrespective of the water pressure in the line or when the taps are opened, for use in automatic water-saving devices and pressure-sensitive flow controllers, such as to enable, with a single automatic water-saving device, incorporating the needle-type stepped stopper of this invention, automatic control of minimum water consumption, from 4.0 liters per minute as a minimum at a maximum static pressure of 0.2 kilograms per square centimeter up to a maximum water consumption of 10.0 liters per minute at a maximum static pressure of 6.0 kilograms per square centimeter.

Abstract: Control valve with profiled packing element for making bidirectional flow-through with asymmetric intensity possible in a flow area. The packing element (1) has a first surface which can be abutted against a second surface in the valve housing (2). The packing element (1) has a first position in which said first surface (3) and said second surface (4) abut against one another, and a second position in which said first surface (3) and said second surface (4) are distant from one another. At least one of the surfaces (3, 4) is provided with a damage (5) by means of which when said packing element (1) is in its first position a first cross-section of flow is ensured between said abutting first and second surfaces (3, 4), which is smaller than a second cross-section of flow ensured by said packing element (1) when it is in its second position.

Abstract: A pressure compensation member suitable to be placed in a fluid dispensing channel, a valve unit comprising this pressure drop compensation member and a container comprising this pressure compensation member or this valve unit are disclosed. The pressure compensation member is adapted to maintain a substantially constant flow of fluid through the fluid dispensing channel.

Abstract: An air duct includes a main body, and an adjusting assembly. The main body includes a top plate and two lateral plates extending from opposite sides of the top plate. The adjusting assembly includes two first limiting plates, a second limiting plate, and a third plate. The second and third limiting plates are slidably attached to each other, and are respectively pivotably attached to the first limiting plates. Each first limiting plate is adjustably attached to the lateral plates.

Abstract: A fluid circuit breaker includes a plurality of petals and a bias system attached to the plurality of petals to maintain the plurality of petals at a closed unobstructed flow condition below a predetermined flow velocity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a family of devices insertable into a pipe or pipeline for counteracting the force and controlling the rate of flow of a fluid flowing in the pipe or pipeline. The disclosed devices have an overall shape resembling a spear to improve the fluid dynamic performance and are designed to be self-centering in a pipe. The devices can be made from readily available materials using well known manufacturing techniques. Other embodiments showing extensions to the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and to a method for controlling an aircraft engine starter-generator. The system comprises a transmission box (20) with a fixed gear ratio intended to be mechanically coupled to a turbine shaft (12) of the engine to allow the latter to be started, a gearbox (40) with multiple gear ratios that is mechanically coupled to a pinion of the transmission box, a starter-generator (30) mechanically coupled to a pinion of the gearbox, and means for instigating a change in gear ratio of the gearbox according to the mode of operation of the starter-generator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flow restrictor (1) for restricting a volume flow through a liquid line, said flow restrictor comprising a support (10) having a passage and a bent flat spring (11) attached to the support (10). The flat spring (11) comprises at least one spring tab (12) and the passage at least one opening (13), the spring tab (12) and the opening (13) having a substantially identical extension along a longitudinal direction. The spring tab (12) is designed and arranged above the opening (13) in such a manner that it increasingly rests against the support (10) with increasing differential pressure, thereby gradually making the opening (13) smaller and continuously reducing the passage within a defined pressure range. The dimensions of the opening (13) are adjusted corresponding to the size of the spring tab (12), thereby allowing a compact flow restrictor (1) which is less susceptible to dirt.