Abstract: A method of corrosion inhibition on a substrate may comprise: applying a sealing solution to an anodized surface of the substrate, wherein the sealing solution may comprise a nanomaterial dopant and a corrosion inhibiting compound, wherein the nanomaterial dopant may comprise at least one of graphene nanoplatelets, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers, and wherein the corrosion inhibiting compound may comprise at least one of a trivalent chromium compound, a trivalent praseodymium compound, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, siloxanes, silicates, orthophosphates, molybdates, or a compound comprising at least one of elemental or ionic praseodymium, cerium, cesium, lanthanum, zinc, lithium, magnesium, or yttrium; and drying the sealing solution on the substrate to form a sealing layer comprising the nanomaterial dopant and the corrosion inhibiting compound.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for specifically adjusting the electrical conductivity of a conversion coating, wherein a metallic surface or a conversion-coated metallic surface is treated with an aqueous composition which comprises at least one kind of metal ions selected from the group consisting of the ions of molybdenum, copper, silver, gold, palladium, tin, and antimony and/or at least one electrically conductive polymer selected from the group consisting of the polymer classes of the polyamines, polyanilines, polyimines, polythiophenes, and polypryrols.

Abstract: A liquid passivation mixture for passivating an outer layer of a substrate comprises a first material selected from group consisting of sulfur or selenium and a base selected from a group consisting of quaternary ammonium compound, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and amine.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for substantially nickel-free phosphating of a metallic surface, wherein a metallic surface, optionally after cleaning and/or activation, is first treated with an acidic aqueous phosphating composition that includes zinc ions, manganese ions, and phosphate ions, and is optionally rinsed and/or dried, and is thereafter treated with an aqueous after-rinse composition that includes at least one kind of metal ion selected from the group consisting of the ions of molybdenum, copper, silver, gold, palladium, tin, antimony, titanium, zirconium, and hafnium and/or at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of the polymer classes of the polyamines, polyethyleneamines, polyanilines, polyimines, polyethyleneimines, polythiophenes, and polypryroles and also mixtures and copolymers thereof, with both the phosphating composition and the after-rinse composition being substantially nickel-free.

Abstract: A method for coating a metal substrate, such as a steel strip, is disclosed. The method comprises vapor or electro-depositing an alloy control material, as described herein, onto the substrate and passing the substrate through a bath of molten coating material and forming a coating of the coating material onto the deposited alloy control material.

Abstract: The present invention includes formulations and methods to reduce Cr(VI) contamination, in which the formulation comprises (1) a reactive reducing agent comprising at least one reducing chemical capable of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III); and (b) one or more solvents. Moreover, the present invention includes formulations to reduce Cr(VI) within the coating, and Cr(VI) reducing kits with at least one color reference tool for evaluating the process and/or completion of the Cr(VI) reduction.

Abstract: Aluminum alloy products comprising an aluminum alloy base and a sulfate-phosphate oxide zone integral therewith are disclosed. Methods of making the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a corrosion inhibition method which minimizes environmental adverse effects by using phosphate base anticorrosives without using zinc salt base anticorrosives and by reducing the concentration of the phosphate base anticorrosives, enables stable formation of an effective initial protective film, and does not affect water treatment after the formation of the initial protective film. In an initial protective film formation process of forming an initial protective film on a surface of an iron-based metallic member of a water system by adding anticorrosives to the water system, at least one selected from a group consisting of pyrophosphoric acids and pyrophosphates is employed as the anticorrosives and the initial protective film formation process is conducted such that the initial pH at the start of the initial protective film formation process is adjusted to be 5 or more and less than 7 so that the pH at the end of the initial protective film formation process becomes 7 or more.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling the formation of foulant deposits on petroleum processing equipment. The invention involves a first mixture comprising an acid phosphate ester. The first mixture is applied to the surface of the petroleum processing equipment at a high temperature. Then a second mixture comprising a metal salt is applied also at a high temperature. The result is sufficient to provide an effective coating that prevents the formation of foulant deposits on the petroleum processing equipment. The second mixture reacts with any polyphosphate in the coating to prevent any contamination of petroleum materials within the petroleum processing equipment.

Abstract: Aluminum alloy products comprising an aluminum alloy base and a sulfate-phosphate oxide zone integral therewith are disclosed. Methods of making the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the purpose of increasing the adhesion of a polymeric material to a metal surface. The process comprises plating the metal surface with a layer of electroless nickel, electroless cobalt or electroless (or immersion) tin followed by phosphating the plated layer prior to bonding the polymeric material thereto. The process is particularly suited to treating printed circuit board inner-layers and lead frames.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous composition and to a method for the anticorrosion conversion treatment of metallic surfaces, particularly metallic materials which are assembled into composite structures, comprising steel or galvanized or alloy-galvanized steel and any combinations of these materials, the composite structure being composed at least in part of aluminum or the alloys thereof. The aqueous composition according to the invention is based on a phosphating solution and contains, in addition to water-soluble compounds of zirconium and titanium, a quantity of free fluoride in a ratio that both permits phosphating of the steel and galvanized and/or alloy-galvanized steel surfaces and determines low pickling rates with regard to the aluminum substrate with simultaneous passivation of the aluminum.

Abstract: Provided is a chromium-free surface treatment method which imparts practical rust inhibitive performance to a metal product having a zinc surface to which it was difficult to impart rust inhibitive performance of practical level. A conversion-coated film of zinc phosphate etc. is formed on the zinc surface of the metal product as pretreatment, and the silica-based film is formed by applying a chromium-free surface treatment agent which uses alcohol or mixture of water and alcohol as a solvent to the conversion-coated film. As a result, when an aqueous surface treatment agent containing alcohol is applied, it is possible to suppress the formation of white rusting for 72 hours or longer in the salt spray test.

Abstract: The invention involves a composition for forming a combined conversion and lubricating coating on a metal substrate with which the composition is brought into contact. The composition comprises (a) an oxyethylated aliphatic alcohol whose aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety contains 18 or more carbon atoms and (b) dissolved phosphate anions. Preferably the composition also comprises inorganic boron, an alkali metal salt of a fatty acid, and an accelerator for phosphate coating.

Abstract: Autodeposition of a coating containing an epoxy resin is accomplished over a metal substrate that has been coated with a zinc phosphate conversion coating without significant removal of the zinc phosphate conversion coating.

Abstract: Electrolysis using a suitable electrolyte provides a completely nonsludging zinc phosphate conversion coating process that produces a high quality conversion coating in a very short time. The suitable electrolyte contains at least water, dissolved nitric acid, and dissolved zinc cations and optionally also contains m chemically distinct species of cations other than zinc and n chemically distinct species of anions other than anions derivable by ionization of phosphoric and nitric acids, each of m and n independently being zero or a positive integer.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for pretreating and depositing a coating on metal substrates is provided. The coating composition includes from about 1,500 to about 55,000 ppm based on the aqueous composition of a Group IIA dissolved metal ion, from about 100 to about 200,000 ppm based on the aqueous composition of a dissolved complex metal fluoride ion wherein the metal atom is selected from Group IIIA, Group IVA, Group IVB metals, Group VA, Group VB metals; and water. The composition is free of Group IIA metal fluoride precipitate achieved by including in the composition a complex metal salt different than the salt associated with the complex metal fluoride ion, with the complex metal salt being capable of complexing free fluoride ions to prevent a precipitation reaction. A process for coating a metal substrate with such an aqueous composition is further provided.

Abstract: Metallic surfaces are coated with an aqueous, acidic phosphate solution containing 10 to 60 g/l zinc, 0.5 to 40 g/l manganese, 50 to 300 g/l phosphate ions calculated as P2O5, and optionally other components.

Abstract: A method for treating a micro-roughened metal surface to improve bonding between the metal surface and a polymer material. The method involves post-treating the micro-roughened conversion coated metal surface with an aqueous organo-silicon wetting composition after having formed the micro-roughened conversion coated metal surface with an adhesion promotion composition. Suitable organo-silicons include organosilanes, organosiloxanes, organosilizanes and the like. The method can be employed in the circuit board industry to improve bonding between layers in multilayer circuit boards.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for treating one or more multi-metal articles. The method comprises exposing the one or more articles to a first treatment composition capable of providing a conversion coating on steel- and zinc-based metal, and exposing the one or more articles to a second treatment coating composition suitable for providing a conversion coating on aluminum-based metal articles. Preferably, the first treatment composition comprises a zinc-phosphate conversion coating comprising, zinc ion, phosphate ion, manganese ion, and fluoride ion. Preferably, the second treatment composition comprises a ceramic composite treatment composition.

Abstract: A metal surface is coated with a phosphate coating by wetting the surface with an aqueous acidic phosphatizing solution containing from 1.2 to less than 10 g/l zinc ions; from 0.2 to 2.

Abstract: A method of coating aluminum and aluminum alloy substrates not only imparts a corrosion resistance comparable or even superior to that afforded by chromate treatment but also improves the adhesion to the coating film, while the luster of aluminum is fully retained, notwithstanding the use of a chromium-free treating solution, resulting in an improved coated article with the coated surface having a metallic luster. The method comprises treating an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate with an acidic solution containing sulfuric acid and 0.2 to 0.4 g/L of a ferric ion and having a pH value of 0.6 to 2.0, subjecting the same to chemical conversion treatment with an acidic coat-forming agent containing 0.01 to 0.125 g/L of a zirconium or titanium ion, 0.01 to 1.0 g/L of a phosphate ion, and 0.01 to 0.5 g/L of a fluoride ion and having a pH value of 1.5 to 4.0, followed by coating.

Abstract: A surface-treated steel sheet includes a steel sheet, an Al—Zn-base alloy plating layer formed on the steel sheet, a chemical conversion film provided on the alloy plating layer, and a concentric layer of a Cr compound that is formed on the alloy plating layer of the chemical conversion film. The surface-treated steel sheet may include a steel sheet, an zinc-base plating layer formed on the steel sheet, and a film that contains chromium and calcium and that is formed on the zinc-base plating layer.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for pretreating and depositing a coating on metal substrates is provided. The coating composition includes from about 1,500 to about 55,000 ppm based on the aqueous composition of a Group IIA dissolved metal ion, from about 100 to about 200,000 ppm based on the aqueous composition of a dissolved complex metal fluoride ion wherein the metal atom is selected from Group IIIA, Group IVA, Group IVB metals, Group VA, Group VB metals; and water. The composition is free of Group IIA metal fluoride precipitate achieved by including in the composition a complex metal salt different than the salt associated with the complex metal fluoride ion, with the complex metal salt being capable of complexing free fluoride ions to prevent a precipitation reaction. A process for coating a metal substrate with such an aqueous composition is further provided.

Abstract: A process for post-passivation of a phosphated metal surface, characterized in that the phosphated metal surface is treated with an aqueous post-passivation solution which contains from 50 to 500 mg/l of nickel ions and from 200 to 1500 mg/l of phosphate ions. Rinsing water arising which contains constituents of the post-passivation solution may be processed by nanofiltration or reverse osmosis, the retentate being transferred into the phosphating bath, thereby closing the Ni circuit. The post-passivation solution preferably additionally contains a phosphating accelerator.

Abstract: This invention includes improvements to a method for forming a chemical conversion coating on ferrous metal substrates, to the chemical solutions used in the coating and to the articles coated thereby. A first oxidation applies a molecular iron/oxygen-enriched intermediate coating, such as a dicarboxylate or phosphate, to a ferrous substrate. A coloring procedure (a second oxidation) follows the first oxidation procedure, using a heated oxidizing solution that reacts with the iron and oxygen enriched intermediate coating to form magnetite (Fe3O4). The result is the formation of a brown or black finish. An appropriate rust preventive topcoat may seal the substrate. The finish affords protection, a degree of lubricity to aid assembly, break-in of sliding surfaces, provides anti-galling protection and an adherent base for paint finishes.

Abstract: By including nitric acid and hydroxylamine in a manganese phosphating composition and controlling the ratio of nitric to phosphoric acids and the ratio of Total Acid to Free Acid within a specified range, satisfactory manganese phosphate conversion coatings can be obtained within a reasonable time at temperatures much lower than has previously been thought necessary for operating a manganese phosphating composition with no other metal cations (except possibly for iron).

Abstract: Methods of making and using annealable insulated metal-based powder particles are provided. The insulated metal-based powder particles are formed from metal-based core particles that are coated with an annealable insulating material. The annealable insulating material has at least one inorganic compound and at least one organic polymeric resin. The inorganic compound in the insulating material forms a nonporous insulating layer surrounding the metal-based core particles upon heating. The organic polymeric resin preferably aids in dispersing or binding the inorganic compound to the metal-based core particles prior to annealing. The insulated metal-based powder particles produced can be formed into core components that can be annealed to improve the magnetic performance of the core component. The core components produced are particularly useful under AC operating conditions of 500 Hz or lower.

Abstract: A process for preparing a treated magnesium and/or magnesium alloy component comprising (A) treating the magnesium and/or magnesium alloy component with a surface treating agent containing a phosphate,

Abstract: A prefinished curved reflector suitable for use in recessed lighting, downlighting, head lamps, and tail lamps is made from metal sheet, preferably an aluminum alloy sheet. An outer surface of the metal sheet is either anodized, laminated, or polymer coated to provide desired appearance and performance. Surprisingly, the metal sheet retains its reflectivity and resistance to corrosion even after deformation into a curved reflector.

Abstract: A multilayered coating (10) that is applied to a metal substrate (12). The coating comprises a protective zone of an insoluble crystalline phosphate formed by reaction of the substrate (12) with zinc phosphate. A film (16) of a polymer resin is deposited on the insoluble crystalline phosphate zone (14). In one embodiment, the multilayered coating (10) includes a coat of paint (18) that is applied to the polymer resin (16). A process for applying the multilayered coating to the metal substrate includes the steps of: applying a zinc phosphating solution to at least a portion of the substrate, which converts the surface to a zone of an insoluble crystalline phosphate; rinsing the zone; and autodepositing a film of a polymer resin thereupon.

Abstract: A highly effective and storage stable conditioning treatment for metal surfaces prior to phosphating them is a suspension in water containing solid miorosize particles of at least one phosphate of a divalent or trivalent metal and an accelerant selected from the group consisting of sacoharides and their derivatives thereof, orthophosphoric acid, condensed phosphoric acids, organophosphonic acids, and polymers of vinyl acetate and/or carboxylic acid. The surface conditioning liquid composition is used simply by effecting contact between the metal and the liquid composition, and can also be used to simultaneously carry out degreasing, particularly when the conditioning liquid also contains nonionic or anionic surfactant.

Abstract: A conversion coating process that forms a stable and corrosion-resistant oxide layer on metal or metal oxide substrates or layers. Particularly, the conversion coating process involves contacting the metal or metal oxide substrate or layer with the aqueous calcium hydroxide solutions in order to convert the surface of the substrate to a stable metal oxide layer or coating. According to the present invention, the calcium hydroxide solution is prepared by removing carbon dioxide from water or an aqueous solution before introducing the calcium hydroxide. In this manner, formation of calcium carbonate particles is avoided and the porosity of the conversion coating produced by the calcium hydroxide solution is reduced to below about 1%.

Abstract: A process for phosphating metal surfaces in which a nitrite- and nickel-free zinc-containing phosphating solution is applied to the metal surfaces which, if desired, are then rinsed and subsequently after-rinsed with an aqueous solution with a pH value of 3 to 7 which contains 0.001 to 10 g/l of one or more of the cations of Li, Cu and Ag.

Abstract: The coating structure having a corrosion resistance of the invention contains a formation film formed on the surface of an aluminum alloy material. The formation film is subjected to a zirconium phosphate treatment. Because the zirconium phosphate reacts with an oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy to form a zirconium boehmite layer and to increase the adhesion of the coating material, a corrosion resisting structure is obtained without need of a sealing treatment while restraining the increase of the product cost. Also, a primer layer is formed on the outer surface of the formation film and the primer layer is composed of phosphomolybdic acid.

Abstract: A process is disclosed in which hot rolled steel articles, such as rail car articles, LP tanks and barge articles are cleaned and conversion coated. The cleaning compositions comprise aqueous phosphoric acid, and the conversion coating compositions comprise aqueous phosphate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anticorrosive treatment including following steps (1) contacting a metal to be treated with an aqueous solution containing one or more kinds of compounds containing phosphorus ions, (2) washing it if desired, and (3) applying anticorrosive coatings containing one or more kinds of sulfur compounds and a water dispersible silica in a composition containing an aqueous resin and water as main components.

Abstract: A phosphating solution that contains from 3 to 30 g/l of zinc ions, from 0.1 to 20 g/l of ferrous ions, from 5 to 60 g/l of phosphate ions, from 5 to 60 g/l of nitrate ions, and a source of hydroxylamine in a concentration corresponding stoichiometrically to from 0.5 to 4 g/l of hydroxylamine and in which there is a weight ratio of zinc to phosphate that is from 0.1:1 to 1:1 deposits on steel to be cold worked a phosphate conversion coating suitable as a lubricant carrier. This phosphating solution, which may optionally contain one or more of calcium, nickel, cobalt, and copper cations and simple and complex fluorine-containing anions, makes it possible to lower the temperature of the treatment solution, reduce the amount of sludge, improve the quality of the coating film, and allow single-liquid type replenishment to be used. Preferably the surface to be phosphated is immersed in the phosphating solution, maintained at a temperature of 35 to 80° C., for 2 to 20 minutes.

Abstract: A process for phosphating metal surfaces in which a nitrite- and nickel-free zinc-containing phosphating solution is applied to the metal surfaces which, if desired, are then rinsed and subsequently after-rinsed with an aqueous solution with a pH value of 3 to 7 which contains 0.001 to 10 g/l of one or more of the cations of Li, Cu and Ag.

Abstract: The invention provides a non-chrome rinse and method for treating a phosphate conversion-coated ferrous metal substrate. The rinse comprising zirconium ions, vanadium ions, fluoride ions, and phosphate ions in a ratio and a concentration effective for providing the phosphate conversion-coated ferrous metal substrate with improved corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A process for making an aluminum alloy lighting sheet product having a reflective surface protected by a UV-stable polymer coating. An aluminum alloy sheet is chemically brightened in an aqueous acidic solution, conversion coated, and then coated with a UV-stable polymer. Alternatively, an aluminum alloy sheet is chemically etched in an aqueous alkaline solution, conversion coated, and then coated with a UV-stable polymer. The UV-stable polymer may be clear or it may contain about 0.5-10 wt. % amorphous silica particles and polytetrafluoroethylene particles. In another embodiment, an aluminum alloy sheet surface is cleaned, chemically conversion coated and then coated with a coating composition containing a UV-stable polymer and 0.5-10 wt. % silica particles and polytetrafluoroethylene particles, both having an average size of about 0.5-5 microns.

Abstract: Methods for treating metal substrates are disclosed. These methods, which comprise contacting the surface to be treated with a composition comprising a Mannich-derivatized polyether, improve the corrosion resistance and/or adhesion properties of the treated surface. Similar methods for treating polymeric substrates are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for treating the surface or surfaces of an aluminium or aluminium alloy containing substrate to confer corrosion resistance in which a porous layer is created on the surface or surfaces and then the surface or surfaces are treated with a solution or gel comprising a metavanadate ion, and further treated with a solution comprising a metal ion selected to coprecipitate with the metavanadate ion to form a sparingly soluble compound within the pores of the porous layer. A corrosion resistant coating for aluminium or aluminium alloy comprising a porous surface layer containing within the pores a deposit of a sparingly soluble metal metavanadate. The porous layer may be an oxide layer produced for example by acid anodising.

Abstract: A solution in water of fluorometallate and phosphate anions, divalent and/or trivalent metal cations, and polyhydroxylaminomethyl substituted polymers of vinyl phenol(s) provides an effective and economical post-rinse for conversion coatings, particularly predominantly zinc phosphate coatings that also contain manganese and may contain other cations.

Abstract: The phenomenon of "mapping" (surface defects) after electrophoretic painting over phosphate conversion coatings passivated with hexavalent chromium containing passivating compositions can be avoided or reduced by keeping the surface being treated constantly wet from the time it is conversion coated until it is electrophoretically painted, by preceding the passivating step by treatment with an aqueous liquid treatment composition comprising at least one of the following components: (A) a water soluble and/or water dispersible polymer with a weight average molecular weight of at least 500; (B) fluorometallic acids and anions thereof, the molecules of which consist of (i) at least one atom of boron, silicon, zirconium, iron, aluminum, or titanium, (ii) at least four fluorine atoms, and, optionally, (iii) one or more atoms of oxygen, hydrogen, or both; (C) zirconium salts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; and (D) alkali metal and ammonium zirconyl carboxylates and carbonates; or by replacing the chromium conta

Abstract: Process in which the said surface is pickled and then treated in two steps, a first treatment step of so-called "amorphous" phosphatization, suitable for depositing a coat of at least 0.2 g/m.sup.2, followed by a second treatment step called "nickel plating".In this way, it is possible to limit the amount of sludge at pickling while at the same time obtaining good adhesion of the enamel.In a complete sequence for manufacturing an article formed from direct-on enameled metal sheet, the sheet may be formed after pickling, especially after the first step called phosphatization and before the second step called nickel plating.

Abstract: A process for forming a protective layer on a rigid surface, such as a metal or wood surface, to provide protection against abrasion, corrosion, heat and fire. The process comprises first preparing the surface of the article. On metal articles, the surface can be prepared by cleaning the surface and then exposing the surface to concentrated phosphoric acid. On wood, the surface can be prepared by thoroughly cleaning the surface with hot water and detergent only. Preferably, the surface is prepared such that a uniform, continuous layer of liquid can be formed thereon. After the surface is prepared, a 10-16% (v/v) silicate-containing solution is then applied for 20 seconds and allowed to dry completely at 305.degree. F. to form a layer of silicate material over the surface. During the drying process, at least a portion of the sodium silicate is converted into silicon dioxide. An acid is then applied to the surface to form the protective layer on the surface.

Abstract: A hydrophilic surface-treating aqueous solution and a hydrophilic surface-treating method are provided to form a film which can maintain its hydrophilicity. The hydrophilic surface-treating aqueous solution contains as main components polyglutamic acid, basic compound, and aqueous resin if necessary. This surface-treating solution and method enable the forming of a film on the surface of aluminum series metals which are used for aluminum fins of heat exchangers, and confer the film's anticorrosion properties, superior hydrophilicity and high hydrophilic permanency, while remarkably suppressing an offensive odor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for a passivating post-treatment of phosphated metal surfaces of iron, steel, galvanized steel, zinc, aluminum, and their alloys, in which the phosphated metal surfaces are brought into contact at temperatures in the range from 10.degree. to 60.degree. C. with chromium-free, acidic, silicate-containing aqueous solutions having a pH in the range of 2 to 5 and 0.5 to 50 g/l of SiO.sub.2 and 0.5 to 100 g/l of an acid.

Abstract: An otherwise conventional Jernstedt salt dispersion for activating metal surfaces to improve the quality of subsequently deposited phosphate conversion coatings on the activated metal surface is stabilized against deterioration in storage for at least six months by utilizing in the dispersion a mixture of sodium and potassium salts, preferably condensed phosphate salts, in such amounts that the ratio of potassium to titanium is within the range from 8.0:1.0 to 40:1.0 and the ratio of potassium to sodium is within the range from 0.9:1.0 to about 2.5:1.0.