Abstract: A cooling section arranged within, upstream of, or downstream of a rolling train is provided. A hot-rolled product made of metal is cooled by the cooling section. Application devices of the cooling section are supplied with an actual current of a water-based liquid coolant via a supply line and a pump. The actual current of the coolant is applied to the hot-rolled product by means of the application device. The hot-rolled product is transported within the cooling section in a horizontal transport direction during the application of the coolant. A controller of the cooling section dynamically ascertains a target actuation state for each pump on the basis of a target current of the coolant to be applied onto the hot-rolled product by the application device and controls the pump in a corresponding manner such that the actual current delivered by each pump approximates the target current as much as possible.

Abstract: When a zone surrounded by a grain boundary that is measured to be 5.0° or more by an EBSD analysis is assumed to be a grain, and when a K value is a value obtained by multiplying an average value of Image Qualities in a grain by 10?3, a Y value is an average crystal misorientation (°) in the grain, a metallic phase 1 is a metallic phase the K value of which is less than 4.000, a metallic phase 2 is a metallic phase the K value of which is 4.000 or more and the Y value of which is 0.5 to 1.0, a metallic phase 3 is a metallic phase the K value of which is 4.000 or more and the Y value of which is less than 0.5, and a metallic phase 4 is a metallic phase that falls under none of metallic phases 1 to 3, there is provided a steel sheet that has a predetermined chemical composition and includes a microstructure including, in area percent, a metallic phase 1: 1.0% or more and less than 35.0%, a metallic phase 2: 30.0% or more and 80.0% or less, a metallic phase 3: 5.0% or more and 50.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a steel composition, to the process for manufacturing same, to the steel blank obtained having a hardness of between 46 and 48 HRC and a resilience KV at ?40° C. of at least 40 joules, and to the use thereof for manufacturing a pressure appliance component.

Abstract: A high-strength galvanized steel sheet having a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.07% to 0.25%, Si: 0.01% to 3.00%, Mn: 1.5% to 4.0%, P: 0.100% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Al: 0.01% to 1.50%, N: 0.001% to 0.008%, Ti: 0.003% to 0.200%, B: 0.0003% to 0.

Abstract: Provided are a high-strength galvanized steel sheet which can preferably be used as a material for automobile parts and a method for manufacturing the steel sheet. The steel sheet has a C content of 0.15% or less, in which an area ratio of ferrite is 10% or less, an area ratio of bainitic ferrite is 2% or more and 30% or less, an area ratio of martensite is 60% or more and 98% or less, an area ratio of retained austenite is less than 2%, an average grain diameter of martensite adjacent to bainite is 15 ?m or less, a proportion of massive martensite adjacent only to bainite to the whole metallographic structure is 10% or less, and a value (?Hv) calculated by subtracting the Vickers hardness at a position located at 20 ?m from the surface of the steel sheet from the Vickers hardness at a position located at 100 ?m from the surface of the steel sheet is 30 or more.

Abstract: An R, R, C method and equipment for continuously casting amorphous, ultra-microcrystalline, microcrystalline and the like, metal profiles is provided. A working chamber of an exhaust hood with a powerful exhaust hood, and a working cold source of liquid nitrogen at a temperature of t=?190° C. and a pressure of p=1.877 bar are used. The working chamber of exhaust hood is located at the outlet of hot mold, and only air is contained therein in addition to slabs or profiles that are pulled out, without any device or equipment. A traction mechanism pulls metal slabs or profiles out from the outlet of cross section of hot mold. A liquid nitrogen ejector ejects liquid nitrogen to the metal slabs or profiles of different brands and specifications at a liquid nitrogen ejection volume of liquid nitrogen V, an ejection speed of liquid nitrogen K and a thickness of liquid nitrogen ejection layer h.

Abstract: A high-strength hot-pressed part having a specified chemical composition, a microstructure including, in terms of volume fraction, 80% or more of a martensite phase, in a range of 3.0% to 20.0% of a retained austenite phase, a tensile strength TS of 1500 MPa or more, and a uniform elongation uEl of 6.0% or more. A method for manufacturing the high-strength hot-pressed part, the method comprising performing a heating process and a hot press forming process on a raw material steel sheet in order to obtain a hot-pressed part having a specified shape.

Abstract: A kind of aluminum alloy and corresponding heat treatment process applied to manufacturing aluminum/steel cladding plates which are resistant to high temperature brazing belong to alloy materials technology field. In the aluminum/steel cladding plates, the aluminum part was alloyed with 0.76%˜0.78% Si and 0.055˜0.10% Er in weight percent and the rest was Al and some unavoidable impurity. The Steel part was 08Al steel. After cladding cold rolling with deformation of 55%±2%, the aluminum/steel cladding plates were annealed at 510˜535° C. for different times. Then simulated brazing process was performed to optimize the range of annealing time and temperature. The so produced Al/St cladding plates could not only effectively solve the low interface strength in Al/St cladding plates, but also meet the mechanical properties which were necessary for further processing of Al/St cladding plates.

Abstract: A hot stamped steel according to the present invention satisfies an expression of (5×[Si]+[Mn])/[C]>11 when [C] represents an amount of C by mass %, [Si] represents an amount of Si by mass %, and [Mn] represents an amount of Mn by mass %, a metallographic structure after hot stamping includes 40% to 90% of a ferrite and 10% to 60% of a martensite in an area fraction, a total of an area fraction of the ferrite and an area fraction of the martensite is 60% or more, a hardness of the martensite measured with a nanoindenter satisfies an H2/H1<1.10 and ?HM<20, and TS×?, which is a product of a tensile strength TS and a hole expansion ratio ? is 50000 MPa·% or more.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving the flatness of a rolled sheet or strip by the application of differential cooling. A cooling agent can be selectively applied along the width of the strip. More cooling can be applied to the edges of the strip, where tension is greatest, to increase tension at the edges. The strip can be allowed to lengthen at these edges, which can improve flatness. In some embodiments, a closed loop flatness control system is used to measure the flatness of a strip and automatically adjust the differential cooling based on the measurement.

Abstract: Provided are: a galvannealed steel sheet, improved in the adhesiveness of a plated layer with a base steel sheet, as a galvannealed steel sheet, prepared by using a high-strength steel sheet as a base material; and a method for producing the galvannealed steel sheet. A galvannealed layer is formed on the base steel sheet including a high-strength steel having a predetermined composition. The average amount of Fe in the galvannealed layer is 8.0 to 12.0%. The absolute value of a difference (?Fe) between the amount of Fe in the vicinity of an interface with the base steel sheet and the amount of Fe in the vicinity of the external surface of the plated layer in the plated layer is 0.0 to 3.0%.

Abstract: A water injection controller and method usable in rolling lines using stored cooling water to cool a material. A cooling water usage predictor predicts, for a respective prescribed prediction cycle, usage of cooling water in a prescribed prediction target period. A constrained running condition predictor takes the predicted cooling water usage to predict a required running condition of a pump system in the prediction target period meeting a prescribed constraint condition. An energy consumption calculator takes the predicted running condition of the pump system to calculate an energy quantity to be consumed. An optimizer determines an optimal energy quantity to be consumed among plural energy quantities to be consumed under changed running conditions of the pump system. A pump system running controller controls running of the pump system having as a target value therefor a running condition of the pump system requiring the optimal quantity of energy to be consumed.

Abstract: The problem to be addressed is to achieve a bearing steel for obtaining a bearing component having further increased rolling-contact fatigue life. The bearing steel satisfies a predetermined chemical composition, and Si (boundary Si), Mn (boundary Mn), Cr (boundary Cr), Cu (boundary Cu), Ni (boundary Ni), and Mo (boundary Mo) included in a matrix phase region (boundary surface region) from the surface of spheroidized cementite to 20 nm away satisfy the formula (1) below. 9.0?1.4×boundary Si+1.8×boundary Mn+5.5×boundary Cu+4.2×boundary Ni+4.8×boundary Cr+5.

Abstract: This ferritic stainless steel sheet contains, by mass %: C: 0.02% or less, N: 0.02% or less, Si: 0.05% to 0.80%, Mn: 0.05% to 1.00%, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 12% to 20%, Cu: 0.80% to 1.50%; Ni: 1.0% or less, Mo: 0.01% to 2.00%, Nb: 0.30% to 1.00%, Ti: 0.01% to less than 0.25%, Al: 0.003% to 0.46%, V: 0.01% to less than 0.15%, and B: 0.0002% to 0.0050%, with a remainder of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the following formulae (1) and (2) are satisfied, and an average Cu concentration in an area from a surface to a depth of 200 nm is 3.00% or less, in the case of Mn<0.65%, 1.44×Si—Mn?0.05?0??(1), and in the case of Mn?0.65%, 1.10×Si+Mn?1.19?0??(2).

Abstract: A method of producing a high tenacity metal wire material having improved bending and torsional properties as well as high toughness and excellent fatigue resistance is provided without losing tenacity and elongation property. In the method, when a heat treatment is performed at a temperature range of 90-300° C. on a metal wire material of high-carbon steel containing 0.5-1.1% by mass of carbon atoms and having a processing strain of 2.5 or greater and tensile strength of 3,000 MPa or greater, a relationship between heat treatment time t(s) and heat treatment temperature T(K) at said temperature range represented by the equation: 0.1?Ln(t)?10100/T+20?11 is satisfied.

Abstract: A method for producing a steel tube of high strength and toughness for air bag subjects a steel tube to high-frequency induction heating such that the outer surface temperature T1 (° C.) of the tube measured at the end of high-frequency induction heating is within the range defined by TAc3+40° C.?T1?1100° C., TAc3 is the temperature (° C.) of Ac3 transformation point. Using the measured outer surface temperature of the tube, time x (second) elapsed from when the outer surface temperature of steel tube reaches the temperature of Ac3 transformation point by high-frequency induction heating is calculated. Based on the calculated time x, time t (second) required from measurement of the outer surface temperature of steel tube to the start of rapid cooling is controlled so that the time t is within the range defined by 0 (sec)<t?10 (sec)?x.

Abstract: Provided are: a high-strength steel sheet which is improved in both elongation and local formability and thus exhibits excellent workability; and a manufacturing method thereof. The high-strength steel sheet contains C, Si, Mn, Al, P and S with the remainder including iron and unavoidable impurities, and has a metal structure which includes polygonal ferrite, bainite, tempered martensite, and retained austenite. In the metal structure, (1) the bainite has a composite microstructure including both a high-temperature-formed bainite having an average distance between adjacent regions of retained austenite and/or carbide of 1 ?m or more and a low-temperature-formed bainite having an average distance between adjacent regions of retained austenite and/or carbide of less than 1 ?m each identified upon observation with a scanning electron microscope; and (2) the retained austenite is present in a volume percentage of 5% or more of the entire metal structure as determined by a saturation magnetization measurement.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of thermal processing of articles consisting of steel and iron-based alloys with a carbon content of up to 4.3% by weight. In order to reduce the duration of the technological processes used for producing articles consisting of iron-based alloys with a set structural state, the first variant of the method comprises heating the articles so as to form austenite and then cooling, which is performed under conditions which ensure the formation, in the structure of the alloy, of regions of austenite with a chemical composition similar to eutectoid with the subsequent formation in said regions of marinite and a set structural state so as to produce perlite with a different degree of dispersion and/or hardened structures.

Abstract: Provided are: a steel wire rod material for a high-strength spring, which does not undergo the increase in deformation resistance arising from the increase in hardness and can exhibit good wire-drawing processability and the like even when a heat treatment, which deteriorates productivity, is eliminated or a simplified and rapid heat treatment is employed instead; a useful method for producing the steel wire rod material for a high-strength spring; a high-strength spring produced using the steel wire rod material for a high-strength spring as a material; and others. This steel wire rod material for a high-strength spring is a steel wire rod material that has been hot-rolled already, and has a texture having a specified chemical composition and mainly composed of pearlite, wherein the average value (Pave) of the pearlite nodule size numbers and the standard deviation (P?) of the pearlite nodule size numbers fulfill the following formulae (1) and (2), respectively: 9.5?Pave?12.0;??(1) and 0.2?P??0.

Abstract: A method of producing a copper alloy wire rod, containing: a casting step for obtaining an ingot by pouring molten copper of a precipitation strengthening copper alloy into a belt-&-wheel-type or twin-belt-type movable mold; and a rolling step for rolling the ingot obtained by the casting step, which steps are continuously performed, wherein an intermediate material of the copper alloy wire rod in the mid course of the rolling step or immediately after the rolling step is quenched.

Abstract: An aluminum copper clad material has excellent bonding strength and includes an aluminum layer and a copper layer that are bonded without a nickel layer interposed therebetween. The aluminum layer and the copper layer that are diffusion-bonded via an Al—Cu intermetallic compound layer. The copper layer satisfies Dcs?0.5×Dcc, where Dcc represents the average crystal grain size of crystal grains in a central portion in the thickness direction of the copper layer, and Dcs represents the average crystal grain size of an interface adjacent portion C2 in the copper layer that is about 0.5 ?m apart from the interface between the copper layer and the intermetallic compound layer. The intermetallic compound layer has an average thickness of about 0.5 ?m to about 10 ?m.

Abstract: The homogenization cycle of an alloy is optimized and controlled by defining a target degree of transformation to achieve at least one metallurgical property for an alloy. The desired metallurgical properties include, but are not limited to, dissolving precipitation hardening phases, transforming insoluble phases into preferred phases and precipitating the dispersoid phases to the proper size and distribution. Using regression analysis, a transformation model is obtained to predict the degree of transformation of an alloy by analyzing the degree of transformation of a plurality of sample alloys subjected to heating at predetermine temperatures for predetermined amounts of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing martensitic steel that comprises a content of other metals such that the steel can be hardened by an intermetallic compound and carbide precipitation, with an Al content of between 0.4% and 3%, comprising the following steps: (a) heating the entirety of the steel above its austenizing temperature, (b) cooling said steel approximately to ambient temperature, (c) placing said steel in a cryogenic medium. The temperature T1 is substantially lower than the martensitic transformation temperature Mf, and the time t during which said steel is kept in said cryogenic medium at a temperature T1 from the moment when the hottest part of the steel reaches a temperature lower than the martensitic transformation temperature Mf is at least equal to a non-zero time t1, the temperature T1 (in ° C.

Abstract: Provided is an iron-based soft magnetic powder for dust core having a less coercive force, which is obtained by specifying the amount of inclusions in the iron-based powder for dust core, and at the same time, capable of decreasing the coercive force of a dust core produced using the iron-based soft magnetic powder. The iron-based soft magnetic powder for dust core is characterized by that when the cross-section of the iron-based soft magnetic powder particle is observed with a scanning electron microscope, the number of inclusions having an equivalent circle diameter from 0.1 to 3 ?m is 1×104 pieces/mm2 or less and the number of inclusions having an equivalent circle diameter exceeding 3 ?m is 10 pieces/mm2 or less.

Abstract: A method of designing low cost, high strength, high toughness martensitic steel uses mathematical modeling to define optimum low cost chemical compositions, the content of retained austenite, and critical temperatures; melting an ingot, processing same, making steel articles, and heat treating the articles using the critical temperatures and the content of retained austenite. The new steel comprises, by weight, about 0.3-0.45% of C; at most 2.5% of Cr; at most 1.0% of Mo; at most 3.50% of Ni; about 0.3 to 1.5% of Mn; about 0.1-1.3% of Si; about 0.1-1.0% of Cu; Cu being less than Si; about 0.1 to 1.0% of V+Ti+Nb; at most 0.25% of Al; the sum of alloying elements being less than about 11.5%; the balance being essentially Fe and incidental impurities. Procedures of melting, processing and heat treatment using the mathematical model are disclosed.

Abstract: A high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in workability according to the present invention: contains C, Si, Mn and other elements; has a dual phase structure containing ferrite and martensite as the metallographic structure; and, in the ferrite structure, satisfies the expression 0.2?(Lb/La)?1.

Abstract: A galvannealed steel sheet includes: a steel sheet; a galvannealed layer; and a Mn—P based oxide film. A Zn—Fe alloy phase in the galvannealed layer is measured by X-ray diffractometry. The value of a diffraction intensity ?(2.59 ?) of ? phase divided by a diffraction intensity ?1(2.13 ?) of ?1 phase is less than or equal to 0.1. The value of a diffraction intensity ?(1.26 ?) of ? phase divided by a diffraction intensity ?1(2.13 ?) of ?1 phase is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.4. The Mn—P based oxide film is formed using 5 to 100 mg/m2 of Mn and 3 to 500 mg/m2 of P on a surface of the galvannealed layer.

Abstract: A high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet and high-strength galvanized steel sheet has a TS of 1180 MPa or more and excellent formability including stretch flangeability and bendability. The high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet contains 0.05% to 0.3% C, 0.5% to 2.5% Si, 1.5% to 3.5% Mn, 0.001% to 0.05% P, 0.0001% to 0.01% S, 0.001% to 0.1% Al, 0.0005% to 0.01% N, and 1.5% or less Cr (including 0%) on a mass basis, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-strength hot dip galvannealed steel sheet having high powdering resistance produced by employing such a constitution that a Fe—Zn alloy plated layer is provided on at least one side of a basis steel sheet and a region in which Al (atomic %)/Zn (atomic %)?0.10 is present in a thickness of 300 ? or more from the surface of the plated layer along the depth direction of the plated layer. Also disclosed is a hot dip galvannealed steel sheet whose formability is greatly improved by optionally specifying chemical composition and structure of the basis steel sheet.

Abstract: This invention discloses an L,R,C method and equipment for casting amorphous, ultracrystallite and crystallite metal slabs or other shaped metals. A workroom (8) with a constant temperature of tb=?190° C. and a constant pressure of pb=1 bar, and liquid nitrogen of ?190° C. and 1.877 bar is used as a cold source for cooling the casting blank. A liquid nitrogen ejector (5) ejects said liquid nitrogen to the surface of ferrous or non-ferrous metallic slabs or other shaped metals (7) with various ejection quantity v and various jet velocity k. Ejected liquid nitrogen comes into contact with the casting blank at cross section c shown in FIG. 2. This method adopts ultra thin film ejection technology, with a constant thickness of said film at 2 mm and ejection speed Kmax of said liquid nitrogen at 30 m/s.

Abstract: A method of producing a high tenacity metal wire material having improved bending and torsional properties as well as high toughness and excellent fatigue resistance is provided without losing tenacity and elongation property. In the method, when a heat treatment is performed at a temperature range of 90-300° C. on a metal wire material of high-carbon steel containing 0.5-1.1% by mass of carbon atoms and having a processing strain of 2.5 or greater and tenacity of 3,000 MPa or greater, a relationship between heat treatment time t(s) and heat treatment temperature T(K) at said temperature range represented by the equation: 0.1?Ln(t)?10100/T+20?11 is satisfied.

Abstract: The occurrence of delayed fracture which is found in a hot worked martensitic stainless steel is prevented by subjecting the steel, after hot working and prior to heat treatment for hardening by quenching from a temperature of at least Ac1 point of the steel, to preliminary softening heat treatment under such conditions that the softening parameter P defined below is at least 15,400 and the softening temperature T is lower than the Ac1 point: P(softening parameter):P=T(20+log t) T: softening temperature [K] t: duration of softening treatment [Hr]. The present invention is particularly effective for a martensitic stainless steel having a steel composition in which the amount of effective dissolved C and N (=[C*+10N*]) where C* and N* are calculated by the following formulas is larger than 0.45: C*=C?[12{(Cr/52)×(6/23)}/10, and N*=N?[14{(V/51)+(Nb/93)}/10]?[14{(Ti/48)+(B/11)+(Al/27)}/10].

Abstract: The oxide film thickness of the steel material surface (dH2O+do2) is made to become 15 nm or less where post-treatment after water-cooling is not needed by suitably setting the conditions of the water-cooling start temperature (Ti), water-cooling end temperature (To), steel material thickness (d), concentration of solute oxygen in the cooling water (Do), and cooling rate (CR) in the equation of dH2O+do2=7.98×10?4(Ti?To)dDo+{5.50×10?3(Ti2?To2)?6.51(Ti?To)}/CR.

Abstract: A high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in workability according to the present invention: contains C, Si, Mn and other elements; has a dual phase structure containing ferrite and martensite as the metallographic structure; and, in the ferrite structure, satisfies the expression 0.2?(Lb/La)?1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cold work die steel containing, by mass %, C: 0.20 to 0.60%, Si: 0.5 to 2.00%, Mn: 0.1 to 2%, Cr: 3.00 to 9.00%, Al: 0.3 to 2.0%, Cu: 1.00 to 5%, Ni: 1.00 to 5%, Mo: 0.5 to 3% and/or W: 2% or less (including 0%), S: 0.10% or less (not including 0%), in which the following requirements (1) to (3) are satisfied {wherein each square bracket [ ] means a content (%) of each element}: [Cr]×[C]?3.00,??(1) [Cu]/[Ni]:0.5 to 2.2,??(2) [Mo]+0.5×[W]:0.5 to 3.0%,??(3) with the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities; and to a die obtained by the using the same. The invention also relates to a production method for a cold work die steel.

Abstract: An induction heat treatment method with which temperature control is enabled, condition setting is easy, and the quality of a treatment object can be stabilized includes: a data acquiring step of heating and quench-hardening a sample of the treatment object to thereby acquire process data; a storing step of storing the process data; a checking step of checking the power supply output transition data and the quenching timing data as to validity based on the temperature transition data stored in the storing step; and a mass production step of performing heat treatment of the treatment object in accordance with the power supply output transition data and the quenching timing data stored in the storing step and checked as to validity in the checking step.

Abstract: The present invention provides Cu-base amorphous alloys comprising an amorphous phase of 90% or more by volume fraction. The amorphous phase has a composition represented by the formula: Cu100-a-b(Zr+Hf)aTib or Cu100-a-b-c-d(Zr+Hf)aTibMcTd, wherein M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, Nb, Mo, W, Sn, Al, Ta and rare earth elements, T is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ag, Pd, Pt and Au, and a, b, c and d are atomic percentages falling within the following ranges: 5<a?55, 0?b?45, 30<a+b?60, 0.5?c?5, 0?d?10. The Cu-base amorphous alloy has a high glass-forming ability as well as excellent mechanical properties and formability, and can be formed as a rod or plate material with a diameter or thickness of 1 mm or more and an amorphous phase of 90% or more by volume fraction, through a metal mold casting process.

Abstract: The oxide film thickness of the steel material surface (dH2O+do2) is made to become 15 nm or less where post-treatment after water-cooling is not needed by suitably setting the conditions of the water-cooling start temperature (Ti), water-cooling end temperature (To), steel material thickness (d), concentration of solute oxygen in the cooling water (Do), and cooling rate (CR) in the equation of dH2O+do2=7.98×10?4(Ti?To)dDo+{5.50×10?3(Ti2?To2)?6.51 (Ti?To)}/CR.

Abstract: There is provided a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent formability, the steel sheet eliminating special pre-structure control and capable of being produced by using a hot-dip galvanized steel-sheet production line that is not capable of sufficiently ensuring an austempering time after annealing. A high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet includes, on the basis of mass percent, 0.05-0.3% C, 1.4% or less (including 0%) Si, 0.08%-3% Mn, 0.003-0.1% P, 0.07% or less S, 0.1-2.5% Al, 0.1-0.5% Cr, and 0.007% or less N, Si+Al?0.5%, and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, wherein the steel sheet has a retained austenite content of 3% or more by volume fraction, and wherein the average aspect ratio of retained austenite grains is 2.5 or less.

Abstract: The invention discloses an object comprising at least one part made of steel, the composition of which comprises, the contents being expressed by weight, carbon with a content of between 0.005 and 0.27%, manganese between 0.5 and 1.6%, silicon between 0.1 and 0.4%, chromium in a content of less than 2.5%, Mo in a content of less than 1%, optionally one or more elements chosen from nickel, copper, aluminum, niobium, vanadium, titanium, boron, zirconium and nitrogen, the balance being iron and impurities resulting from the smelting, said steel part including at least one zone welded by a high-energy-density beam, characterized in that said welded zone has a microstructure consisting of 60 to 75% self-tempered martensite and, to complement this, 40 to 25% lower bainite, and preferably 60 to 70% self-tempered martensite and, to complement this, 40 to 30% lower bainite.

Abstract: A Fe—Ni based permalloy comprises Ni: 30-85 wt %, C: not more than 0.015 wt %, Si: not more than 1.0 wt %, Nin: not more than 1.0 wt %, P: not more than 0.01 wt %, S: not more than 0.005 wt %, O: not more than 0.0060 wt %, Al: not more than 0.02 wt % and, if necessary, not more than 15 wt % of at least one selected from the group consisting of Mo, Cu, Co and Nb within a range of not more than 20 wt % in total.

Abstract: Firing is carried out such that for operation of a partial pressure of oxygen and temperature at the high-temperature holding operation phase and cooling operation phase, the following equilibrium relation equation (1) indicative of an equilibrium relation of a partial pressure of oxygen (PO2 in %) to a temperature (T in absolute temperature K) is used to set the values of a and b at given values of a=a* and b=b*, respectively, Log(PO2)=a?b/T ??Eq.

Abstract: A high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet providing a product with a good surface condition after press forming, having excellent bake hardenability and anti room temperature aging property, and having a dual phase structure with a tensile strength of at least 340 MPa is provided. A high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet has a structure comprising a main phase which is a ferrite and a secondary phase which is a low temperature transformation product including a martensite and has a hardness distribution of the ferrite phase in an arbitrary cross section having a length of 10 mm in the widthwise direction of the sheet which satisfies the relationship prescribed by (Hv(max)?Hv(ave))<0.5×(Hv(ave). Hv(max) is the maximum Vickers hardness of ferrite grains in a region at a distance of from (?)t to (¼)t in the thickness direction from the surface when the thickness of the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet is t, and Hv(ave) is the average Vickers hardness of ferrite grains in this region.

Abstract: To determine the temperature profile (Tm(t)) of a hot-rolled material (1) in a cooling line (5), a heat conduction equation which takes the following form ? e ? t - div ? [ ? ? ( e , p ) ? · grad ? ? ? T ? ( e , p ) ] = 0 where e is the enthalpy, ? the thermal conductivity, p the degree of phase transformation, ? the density and T the temperature of the rolled material at the rolled-material location and t is the time, is solved in a cooling-line model (4).

Abstract: The present invention provides a high strength thin excellent workability and galvanizability, having a composition comprising from 0.01 to 0.20 wt. % C, up to 1.0 wt. % Si, from 1.0 to 3.0 wt. % Mn, up to 0.10 wt. % P, up to 0.05 wt. % S, up to 0.10 wt. % Al, up to 0.010 wt. % N, up to 1.0 wt. % Cr, from 0.001 to 1.00 wt. % Mo, and the balance Fe and incidental impurities, wherein a band structure comprising a secondary phase has a thickness satisfying the relation Tb/T≦0.005 (where, Tb: average thickness of the band structure in the thickness direction of steel sheet; T: steel sheet thickness), and a manufacturing method thereof, and a manufacturing method of a high strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet or a high strength galvannealed steel sheet applying hot-dip galvanizing or further galvannealing, and giving an excellent workability, a high tensile strength, and excellent galvanizability, coating adhesion and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method for providing an analytical solution for a thermal history of a welding process having multiple weld passes. The method includes the steps of inputting a plurality of files and parameters, preprocessing information from the plurality of files and parameters to determine a set of conditions associated with the welding process, determining a region of influence of at least one heat source used in the welding process as a function of the set of conditions, determining a plurality of point heat source solutions within the region of influence, determining a temperature solution for each weld pass as a function of a superposition of the plurality of point heat source solutions, and determining the thermal history of the welding process as a function of the temperature solutions.

Abstract: This invention is directed toward a method of calculating the total laser energy needed to produce one or more selected laser induced surface modification reactions in a substrate moving relative to a laser beam. The present invention is further directed to a method for programming a programmable feedback control system with the calculated total laser energy such that the control system may be used to control laser beam power level and beam width in a process for producing a laser induced surface modification.

Abstract: A thin steel sheet having excellent rectangular drawability is produced by completing roughing rolling of steel containing C: 0.02 wt % or less, Si: 0.5 wt % or less, Mn: 1.0 wt % or less, P: 0.15 wt % or less, S: 0.02 wt % or less, Al: 0.01 to 0.10 wt %, N: 0.008 wt % or less, at least one of Ti: 0.001 to 0.20 wt % and Nb: 0.001 to 0.15 wt %, the balance comprising Fe, and inevitable impurities, in the temperature region of 950.degree. C. to the Ar.sub.3 transformation temperature: performing finish rolling at a reduction of over 70% under lubrication in the temperature region of the Ar.sub.3 transformation temperature to 500.degree. C.; pickling the sheet; annealing the resultant hot rolled sheet under conditions which satisfy the equations (1) and (2) below:(T+273) (20+log t).gtoreq.2.50.times.10.sup.4 (1)745.ltoreq.T.ltoreq.920 (2)wherein T: hot rolled sheet annealing temperature (.degree. C.

Abstract: A variable rate quench system allows the cooling of a heated workpiece to be controlled more closely. A liquid quenchant used in the system has an initial temperature, density and heat extraction index. The system comprises a first tank containing the liquid quenchant and to receive the workpiece and a second tank communicated to the first tank. The first tank has a means for agitating the liquid quenchant around the workpiece and a supply of make-up liquid quenchant communicated thereto. The second tank has a slurry of a non-liquid solid phase quenchant modifier and a means for selectively controlling addition of the slurry to the first tank. A real time data acquisition system acquires and analyzes temperature, density and agitation rate of the liquid quenchant, calculates an instantaneous heat extraction index of the liquid quenchant and compares the difference between the calculated index and a predetermined ideal index. Corrective action to minimize the difference is then taken.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for efficiently dephosphorizing, dephosphorizing and decarbonizing, or desulfurizing, dephosphorizing and decarbonizing a hot metal in a converter. The amount of flux to be charged and the amount of bottom-blown gas are adjusted so that the bottom-blowing agitation power and the CaO/SiO.sub.2 ratio subsequent to the treatment become at least 0.1 kW/ton and from 0.7 to 2.5, respectively and the hot metal temperature at the treatment end point becomes from 1,200.degree. to 1,450.degree. C. Furthermore, the operation of the process is controlled so that the sum of a T.Fe concentration and a MnO concentration in the slag subsequent to the treatment becomes from 10 to 35% by weight by adjusting the top-blown oxygen feed rate, the flow rate of bottom-blown gas or the top-blowing lance height.