Abstract: An apparatus and method of manufacturing a wire mesh laminate includes wrapping a central core with multiple layers of mesh screen and a barrier layer having a higher melting point than the mesh screen to form a spool assembly. The spool assembly is then surrounded by an outer cover and is heated to sinter or fuse together the layers of mesh screen.

Abstract: A method of repairing a void on a nickel or cobalt base superalloy investment casting by vibrating the casting for a time before repairing the void, vibrating the casting while filling the void wherein the void is filled by repeatedly making incremental weld deposits of a superalloy filler material in the void using pulsed gas tungsten arc welding, and impinging each incremental deposit with a cooling gas after each incremental weld deposit is made and before the next incremental weld deposit is made, and vibrating the casting for a time after the void is filled.

Abstract: A method for providing a low resistance non-agglomerated Ni monosilicide contact that is useful in semiconductor devices. Where the inventive method of fabricating a substantially non-agglomerated Ni alloy monosilicide comprises the steps of: forming a metal alloy layer over a portion of a Si-containing substrate, wherein said metal alloy layer comprises of Ni and one or multiple alloying additive(s), where said alloying additive is Ti, V, Ge, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Rh, Pd or Pt or mixtures thereof; annealing the metal alloy layer at a temperature to convert a portion of said metal alloy layer into a Ni alloy monosilicide layer; and removing remaining metal alloy layer not converted into Ni alloy monosilicide. The alloying additives are selected for phase stability and to retard agglomeration. The alloying additives most efficient in retarding agglomeration are most efficient in producing silicides with low sheet resistance.

Abstract: A tin layer and a zinc layer are stacked sequentially on a given substrate to form a multilayered film composed of the tin layer and the zinc layer. Then, the multilayered film is heated to a given temperature to form a tin-zinc alloy film through the diffusion of the tin elements of the tin layer into the zinc layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for direct application of a catalyst to a substrate for treatment of atmospheric pollution including ozone. The method includes applying a catalytic metal to a substrate utilizing a thermal spray process. The process can be utilized to apply a base metal such as copper to a substrate and the base metal becomes the catalytically active oxide during and following application to the substrate. This system replaces a multi-step process within a single step process to provide a catalytically active surface that can be utilized to reduce ground level ozone and other atmospheric pollutants.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a system for lithiating alloys. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a method is provided for performing vapor deposition of a lithium alloy on a substrate comprising the steps of vaporizing a mass of lithium and controllably heating a lithium-soluble element, such as magnesium. The method further includes the step of disposing the lithium-soluble element in the lithium vapor, wherein the lithium vapor promotes the vaporization of the lithium-soluble element to create a combined vapor having intimately mixed constituencies from both the lithium and lithium-soluble element. Finally, the method includes the step of disposing a temperature controlled substrate in the combined vapor, whereby the combined vapor is deposited on the substrate. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for depositing a lithium alloy onto a substrate for producing a lithium alloy electrode, which exhibits enhanced surface diffusion of lithium.

Abstract: An ablative tape is applied onto a substrate surface. The ablative tape comprises an ablative medium comprising a polymer and dispersed metallic component. The tape is then irradiated to ablate the ablative medium. An article comprises a substrate and the ablative tape applied to the substrate.

Abstract: A substrate is coated with a conductive layer, which comprises a conductive layer of bonded ultrafine metal particles formed on the top surface thereof. The ultrafine metal particles have a diameter of 1-20 nm, and the substrate is of a flexible high polymer material. Since the conductive layer is formed by bonded layer of the ultrafine metal particles, an extremely thin layer having high conductivity can be formed. This structure enables the formation of a flexible printed circuit board with high-density interconnects or a transparent conductive film provided with both transparency and conductivity. Conventional vacuum equipments and complicated processes are not necessary for forming the conductive layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for preparing ultra-fine grain titanium or titanium-alloy articles used for adjoining or assembling of detail components. Coarse-grained titanium or titanium-alloy materials typically are heated and forced under constant pressure through a friction stir processing tooling device containing a stirring chamber and a stirring rod. As the material is passed through the stirring chamber, the stirring rod solutionizes the titanium or titanium-alloy material and stirs the material to obtain a homogeneous or uniform material condition. As the processed material exits the stirring chamber of the friction stir process tooling device, it reconsolidates as an extremely homogeneous structure possessing ultra-fine grain structure. Titanium or titanium-alloy materials having been processed to achieve such ultra-fine grain material structure may then be manufactured into aerospace structural articles or components such as fasteners or articles that do not require a subsequent thermal or heat-treatment steps.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a blade of a cutting tool, in particular, a knife. In order to create a process with which influence is to be exerted in a targeted manner on the technological material properties of the blade and material chipping to be avoided, as well as permitting economical manufacturing, a process is carried out by treating a blade base material with a laser in a first process step along a curve contour determined by the final edge of the blade and, in a second process step, the edge of the blade is formed, in particular, cut to shape, along the curve contour determined by the final blade form inside the laser-treated area, or the blade base material is machined in a first process step by punching or trimming to form the final edge, subsequently the laser treatment is performed in a second process step on the narrow side forming the final edge and finally, in a third process step, the blade is formed, in particular, ground, inside the laser-treated area.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for preparing a homogeneous ternary or quaternary alloy from a quaternary melt. The method includes providing a family of phase diagrams for the quaternary melt which shows (i) composition/temperature data, (ii) tie lines connecting equilibrium liquid and solid compositions, and (iii) isotherms representing boundaries of a miscibility gap. Based on the family of phase diagrams, a quaternary melt composition and an alloy growth temperature is selected. A quaternary melt having the selected quaternary melt composition is provided and a ternary or quaternary alloy is grown from the quaternary melt at the selected alloy growth temperature. A method for making homogeneous ternary or quaternary alloy from a ternary or quaternary melt is also disclosed, as are homogeneous quaternary single-crystal alloys which are substantially free from crystal defects and which have the formula AxB1−xCyD1−y, x and y being the same or different and in the range of 0.001 to 0.

Abstract: A method of coating an inner surface of a weapon barrel includes the following steps: directing a laser beam against the inner barrel surface to cause melting of regions thereof; introducing a coating material in one of powder, wire and ribbon form into the laser beam for melting the coating material to produce in the surface regions a molten bath composed of the molten coating material and a material of the weapon barrel; and moving the laser beam inside the weapon barrel axially thereof and relative thereto, whereby the molten substance of the bath becomes rigid as the laser beam moves away therefrom.

Abstract: A tin layer and a zinc layer are stacked sequentially on a given substrate to form a multilayered film composed of the tin layer and the zinc layer. Then, the multilayered film is heated to a given temperature to form a tin-zinc alloy film through the diffusion of the tin elements of the tin layer into the zinc layer.

Abstract: An electro-chemical deposition apparatus and method of fabricating the same is generally provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes an annular conductive body adapted to support a substrate and at least one electrical contact pin adapted to electrically bias the substrate. The electrical contact pin has a portion that is brazed into a pin receiving pocket formed in the conductive body. A method of fabricating a contact ring utilized for substrate plating includes the steps of inserting a portion of at least one contact pin in a pin receiving pocket formed in an annular conductive body to form an assembly and brazing the contact pin to the conductive body in a manner that excludes gases between the inserted portion of the contact pin and the pin receiving pocket.

Abstract: There is provided a surface alloyed component which comprises a base alloy with a diffusion barrier layer enriched in silicon and chromium being provided adjacent thereto. An enrichment pool layer is created adjacent the diffusion barrier and contains silicon and chromium and optionally titanium or aluminum. The method comprises depositing a surface alloy on the base alloy at a temperature in the range of 400 to 1000° C. and heat treating the surface alloy at a ramp temperature rate of at least 5C°/minute, preferably 10 to 20° C./minute, to a desired maximum temperature at which the surface alloyed component is maintained for a time sufficient to provide the enrichment pool or the enrichment pool with a diffusion barrier layer. A reactive gas treatment may be used to generate a replenishable protective oxide scale of alumina or chromia on the outermost surface of the surface alloyed component.

Abstract: A laminate article consists of a substrate and a biaxially textured protective layer over the substrate. The substrate can be biaxially textured and also have reduced magnetism over the magnetism of Ni. The substrate can be selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, iron, aluminum, silver and alloys containing any of the foregoing. The protective layer can be selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, and nickel and alloys containing any of the foregoing. The protective layer is also non-oxidizable under conditions employed to deposit a desired, subsequent oxide buffer layer. Layers of YBCO, CeO2, YSZ, LaAlO3, SrTiO3, Y2O3, RE2O3, SrRuO3, LaNiO3 and La2ZrO3 can be deposited over the protective layer. A method of forming the laminate article is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a CVD apparatus and a CVD method for use in forming an Al/Cu multilayered film. The Al/Cu multilayered film is formed in the CVD apparatus comprising a chamber for placing a semiconductor wafer W, a susceptor for mounting the semiconductor wafer W thereon, an Al raw material supply system for introducing a gasified Al raw material into the chamber and a Cu raw material supply system for introducing a gasified Cu raw material into the chamber. The Al/Cu multilayered film is formed by repeating a series of steps consisting of introducing the Al raw material gas into the chamber, depositing the Al film on the semiconductor wafer W by a CVD method, followed by generating a plasma in the chamber in which the Cu raw material gas has been introduced and depositing the Cu film on the semiconductor wafer W by a CVD method. The Al/Cu multilayered film thus obtained is subjected to a heating treatment (annealing), thereby forming a desired Al/Cu multilayered film.

Abstract: A continuous steel strip consisting especially of austenitic or martensitic steel, with at least one weld seam running crosswise to the longitudinal extension of the steel strip, for twin presses. The steel strip includes at least one first surface layer which extends essentially across the entire steel strip and which has a different composition to an intermediate layer located between said first surface and a second surface facing the first. The intermediate layer extends essentially across the entire steel strip. The first surface layer consists of the steel of the steel strip and has regularly positioned heat-influenced areas, e.g., zones, situated next to or overlapping each other and/or fusion penetration areas, e.g., zones.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of using a laser to produce a decorative appearance on the surface of a bumper. More specifically, the present invention relates to a laser alloying method to create a decorative alloyed layer on the surface of a bumper.

Abstract: The invention concerns a wear-resistant camshaft and a method of producing the same. Objects in which the application of the invention is possible and useful are all cast-iron parts which are subject to wear as a result of lubricated friction. The wear-resistant camshaft consists of cast-iron and it has a surface layer consisting of a ledeburitic remelted layer with a high cementite portion, and, lying thereunder, a martensitic hardening zone, whereby according to the invention. a. the remelted layer consists of finely dispersed ledeburitic cementite with thicknesses of ≦1 &mgr;m and a metallic matrix of a phase mixture of martensite and/or bainite, residual austenite, as well as less than 20% finely laminated pearlite with a distance of ≦0.1 &mgr;m between the lamelias, and b. the hardening layer is formed from a phase mixture of martensite and/or bainite, partially dissolved pearlite, and residual austenite.

Abstract: This marking method is carried out with an object to form a mark of high visibility on a surface of a metallic layer of such as a cover plate of a semiconductor device or the like without generating metallic debris or the like. According to this method, on a marking area of a metallic layer with a matte surface (Rmax: 0.5 to 5 &mgr;m), a laser beam is illuminated, thereby the metallic layer is melted, then re-solidified, thereby minute unevenness on the surface of the metallic layer is averaged and erased to be smooth. Thus formed marking portion reflects light specularly and is different in light reflectivity from an underlying portion which scatters light (diffuse reflection). Due to the difference of reflectivity, the marking portion can be visually discerned with excellency.

Abstract: In a steel member surface treatment method, only a surface layer portion of the steel member is heated to its melting point or higher to form a melt, by high density energy-beam irradiation. Subsequently, the melted portion is rapidly cooled to a martensitic transformation region, to form a martensitic structure. The temperature increasing rate in irradiation of the surface layer of the steel member is preferably 7500° C./second or greater. Thereby, thermal strain and quenching failure are reduced even if the steel member is a thin plate component and a high production efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: Via a first path (P1) which extends for continuous treatment from one longitudinal end to the other of a cylinder head (H) passing between pairs of exhaust ports (15) and pairs of intake ports (14) opposed to each other with respect to one cylinder and which terminates in a tension bolt hole (21), and via second paths (P2P5) which, after treatment by this first path (P1), extend for successive treatment from cylinders adjacent the terminal point of the first path (P1) and between a pair of exhaust ports (15) and a pair of intake ports (14) opposed to each other and which terminate in tension bolt holes (21), the surface of the cylinder head (H) is stirred for refining without melting it by the heat from a rotating tool.

Abstract: This invention is directed toward a method of calculating the total laser energy needed to produce one or more selected laser induced surface modification reactions in a substrate moving relative to a laser beam. The present invention is further directed to a method for programming a programmable feedback control system with the calculated total laser energy such that the control system may be used to control laser beam power level and beam width in a process for producing a laser induced surface modification.

Abstract: A metal foil substrate material with improved formability properties for catalytic converters and a method of making the material in which layers of ferritic stainless steel and aluminum are solid state metallurgically bonded together forming a composite material. Such composite material is further rolled to an intermediate foil gauge and then subjected to a thermal in situ reaction to form a resulting uniform solid solution foil material with superior high temperature corrosion resistance. This uniform solid solution material is then rolled to the final foil gauge.

Abstract: A diffusion aluminide coating having a graded structure is applied over a nickel base superalloy substrate. The coating has an inner region of a diffusion aluminide adjacent to the substrate rich in a reactive element, typically Hf, Si or combinations of the two. The near surface region is a diffusion aluminide which is substantially free of reactive elements. Such coatings when used as bond coats in thermal barrier coating systems exhibit improved spallation performance.

Abstract: A process for the production of copper or a copper base alloy that provides a surface having improved characteristics suitable for the production of a connector or a charging-socket of an electric automobile by having a decreased coefficient of friction on the surface and improved resistance to abrasion. The process comprises coating copper or a copper alloy with Sn, followed by heat treating the resulting Sn-plated copper or copper base in an atmosphere having an oxygen content of no more than 5%, thereby forming on an outermost surface thereof an oxide film and beneath the surface a layer of an intermetallic compound mainly comprising Cu—Sn.

Abstract: This invention is directed toward a method for enhancing the wear resistance of an aluminum cylinder bore comprising laser alloying of the cylinder bore with selected precursors. The present invention is particularly well suited for enhancing the wear resistance caused by corrosion in an aluminum block engine comprising aluminum cylinder bores.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of surface hardening a titanium material wherein titanium-aluminum alloy powders or aluminum oxide powders are brought into contact with the surface of the titanium material, and a heat treatment is applied thereto, causing aluminum contained in the powders to be diffused in the surface of the titanium material so that intermetallic compounds such as Ti3Al, TiAl, and the like are formed inmediately underneath the surface of the titanium material, thereby enhancing surface hardness without causing surface exfoliation. The invention also provides a surface-hardened titanium-base material, and decorative articles and watchcases, composed of the surface-hardened titanium-base material, which are substantially impervious to scratches, and not prone to cause metallic allergy.

Abstract: The method for the production of a ceramic layer on a metallic base material combines the following measures: The base material is preheated. Ceramic coating material is applied to a locally melted surface region of the base material. The coating material is therein likewise melted. A metallurgical bonding zone is provided using an additive material which reacts with the coating material and which is additionally applied to the base material as an adhesion producing layer or is added to the base material as a component of the alloy.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a system for lithiating alloys. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a method is provided for performing vapor deposition of a lithium alloy on a substrate comprising the steps of vaporizing a mass of lithium and controllably heating a lithium-soluble element, such as magnesium. The method further includes the step of disposing the lithium-soluble element in the lithium vapor, wherein the lithium vapor promotes the vaporization of the lithium-soluble element to create a combined vapor having intimately mixed constituencies from both the lithium and lithium-soluble element. Finally, the method includes the step of disposing a temperature controlled substrate in the combined vapor, whereby the combined vapor is deposited on the substrate. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for depositing lithium onto an aluminum element surface.

Abstract: High energy flux infrared heaters are used to treat an object having a surface section and a base section such that a desired characteristic of the surface section is physically, chemically, or phasically changed while the base section remains unchanged.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for repairing microcracks in the metal of a railway track. A high power laser, or equivalent energy beam generator, is moved along a track. The high power laser directs an intense beam of energy towards microcracks in the rail, a vapour space is formed in the metal of the rail, and as the laser beam moves on, the metal resolidifies and repairs the microcracks. Fusible metal may be applied to the vapour space to improve the strength and control the microstructure of the solidified metal. Pre-heating and controlled quenching may improve the crystalline microstructure of the metal after the vapour space has been formed, and, if necessary, the rail may be ground to a smooth finish. A plurality of repaired regions having deep roots are locked in the rail using unaffected metal between them.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the method for surface-alloying comprising the steps of: (a) plating alloying ingredients on the surface of metal or alloy substrate to form plated layer, and (b) melting this surface using a laser beam to form an alloyed layer of which composition is different from that of base material. And, the method of this invention may further include surface-reforming method of metal or alloy substrate. And the method of this invention may further include surface-repairing method of damaged metal or alloy substrate. Using the method of this invention, an alloyed layer, which has improved resistance to grain boundary related material degradation phenomena, e.g. stress corrosion cracking, abrasion, fatigue, erosion, and so on, can be formed.

Abstract: An electrochemical method of modifying the surface hardness of a non-allotropic metal member 10, comprising: (a) forming the member to near net-shape with at least one surface 12 to be hardened; (b) subjecting the surface 12 to rapid melting and resolidification by incidence of an electrical discharge between an electrode 16 and the surface 12 closely spaced thereto, the spacing containing an electrolyte with plasma forming capability, the surface 12 being hardened by crystallographic change of the globules resulting from substitutional alloying; and (c) cropping the surface grains 29 of the surface to increase load bearing capacity while retaining liquid retention capacity.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of a useful eutectic layer formed on a zirconium alloy or a titanium alloy substrate. The layer is formed by the surface contact with a beryllium strip being held in intimate contact with the surface of the zirconium or titanium alloy substrate while the zirconium or titanium alloy and the contacting beryllium strip are heated in an inert atmosphere to a temperature which is above the eutectic melting point and is held constant at that temperature for a predetermined time. At the prescribed time, the materials are allowed to cool and the beryllium strip is "removed" from the "surface" of the zirconium or titanium alloy substrate and the newly formed zirconium-beryllium or titanium-beryllium alloy eutectic is formed in the surface of the zirconium or titanium alloy substrate.

Abstract: An archival medium, such as a compact disc, is made of a metal such as aluminum which is mechanically gained with particulate material under conditions that embed particulate material into the surface of the medium and visibly imageable by selective exposure to infrared laser radiation. A mechanically grained aluminum medium can also be anodically oxidized under conditions that do not impair the ability of the substrate to be laser imaged. The archival medium can be coated with opaque and transparent polymer coatings before or after imaging for security and/or protection. The coating can be a laser ablatable coating to provide a tamper-proof medium.

Abstract: There is provided a surface alloyed component which comprises a base alloy with a diffusion barrier layer enriched in silicon and chromium being provided adjacent thereto. An enrichment pool layer is created adjacent said diffusion barrier and contains silicon and chromium and optionally titanium or aluminum. A reactive gas treatment may be used to generate a replenishable protective scale on the outermost surface of said component.

Abstract: A high rhenium containing single crystal superalloy (30) is chromized, or coated with cobalt, before the conventional aluminising process steps to modify the surface of the high rhenium containing single crystal superalloy to prevent the formation of topologically close packed phases at the interface between the aluminide coating (32) and the rhenium containing single crystal superalloy. The invention is particularly applicable to platinum aluminide coatings, platinum aluminide-silicide coatings and aluminide-silicide coatings.

Abstract: In a reinforcing component made from austenitic iron which is bonded intermetallically with an engine component made from an aluminium-base alloy, in particular a piston, the aim is to improve the strength of the bond irrespective of the graphite configuration in the base material. For that purpose, the structure at least on areas of the reinforcing component surface in the vicinity of the intermetallic bond is austenitic-ledeburitic.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a process for laser alloying of a workpiece and an apparatus for carrying out said process. The method embodiment of the present invention is directed toward a process for forming an alloy in the surface of a metal substrate comprising the steps of applying an alloy precursor material at a controlled rate to the surface of the substrate and then melting the surface and the precursor alloy material by the application of a laser beam in order to form an alloy of the precursor alloy material and the substrate. The method embodiment of the present invention further comprises the steps of measuring one or more parameters indicative of alloying depth, controlling the rate of precursor application in response to at least one of the measured parameters, and allowing the allow to solidify.

Abstract: A surface hardening method, in which a surface layer on a thin steel plate member is stably melted and solidified to provide a high surface resistance against wear includes irradiation with a high density energy beam to melt a process surface portion of the steel member followed by rapid cooling. The melted surface portion includes a fully melted layer and an adjacent imperfectly or partially melted layer. At least the cooling to solidify the molten steel is performed in a short time period less than an austenitic transformation completion time at temperatures below melting, e.g., one-twentieth of the normal austenitic transformation time, and preferably both heating to melt the surface layer and cooling to solidify and harden the surface layer are performed in a time period less than the normal austenitic transformation completion time period. The high density energy beam can be divided to irradiate plural regions to melt the surfaces of the plural regions at the same time.

Abstract: A method for drawing a portion of metallic material having a known hardness. The method includes the step of applying a localized heat treatment to predetermined portions of the metallic material. Additionally, the method comprises forming the localized heat treated regions into a desired drawn or stamped configuration, wherein the configuration is substantially devoid of cracks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for improving the adhesitivity of surface refined parts (6) to the body (7) of railway wheels (1), which surface refined parts (6) have been produced by treating the railway wheel (1) with high energy generated preferably by laser radiation (8). In order to prevent or at least obstruct the risk for loosening of the surface refined parts (6) from the body (7) of the railway wheel (1), the maximum thickness (B) of the surface refined parts (6) is selected so that the Hertzian pressure which affects the railway wheel (1) when said wheel is loaded with the maximum permitted pressure thereon is substantially carried by the body (7) of the railway wheel (1) beneath the surface refined parts (6).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for hardsurface cladding a workpiece such as a tip shroud notch face of a turbine bucket configured for contact engagement with an adjacent tip shroud notch face. A continuous wave laser beam is generated in a Nd:YAG laser and directed on the notch face at a spot to provide heat thereat. A hardsurface cladding wire is dispensed at the spot under a shielding gas for being melted by the laser beam to form a molten cladding layer on the notch face. The laser beam and wire are traversed over the notch face to form a cladding layer over the entire notch face, which is cooled and solidified in a hardsurface cladding layer integrally bonded to the notch face.

Abstract: A method forms an indium antimonide layer by a sequential evaporation for use as a magnetic sensing material having high electron mobility. The method includes the steps of: (a) preparing a substrate; (b) pre-heating the substrate (c) depositing an antimony layer on top of the substrate; (d) forming an indium layer on top of the antimony layer to thereby obtain a sequentially deposited layer, wherein the sequentially deposited layer includes the antimony and the indium layers; (e) providing a protection layer on top of the sequentially deposited layer; and (f) heat treating the sequentially deposited layer to force inter-diffusion of antimony and indium, thereby producing the indium antimonide layer.

Abstract: A machine component which is formed from a high alloy steel has, along a surface where the component is subjected to cyclic loading, a glaze in which the steel has a refined microstructure that resists spalling. Whereas the microstructure of the core underlying the glaze contains carbides of relatively large particle size, the microstructure of the glaze contains carbides of a much smaller particle size. For the most part the microstructure of the glaze comprises martensite and retained austenite in a fine dendritic network. The glaze is acquired by directing a laser beam at the surface, with the beam having sufficient energy and intensity to melt the component where it illuminates the surface, thus creating a puddle. Relative motion between the beam and the component advances the puddle over the surface. The molten metal in the previously illuminated region loses its heat to the underlying core of the component and solidifies, in effect undergoing a self-quench.

Abstract: A bainite forming process for treating a steel material reduces the time required for a complete thermal treatment as well as the cycle time for the thermal treatment device without necessitating any special means for handling the steel material. The steel material is heated to a temperature higher than the austenitic transformation point, and temporarily quenched to an intermediate point temperature higher than the martensitic transformation point. Then, the temperature of the steel material is again raised towards the range corresponding to bainitic transformation to form a bainitic structure. The reheating is discontinued before the temperature corresponding to the austenitic transformation point is reached, and the steel material is then quenched. In the heating steps, only the portion to be treated by the bainite forming process is locally irradiated with a high-density energy beam.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a pre-manufacturing method of a cylinder head by means of junction of low fusing point Al alloyed layers. The pre-manufacturing method of a cylinder head by connecting a plurality of divided members, the method comprises the steps of: coating powders of Cu or Mg on the junction surface of the respective members, forming low fusing point alloyed layers (Al--Cu or Al--Mg) by performing locally the heat treatment on the coated surface, depositing the members on which low fusing point alloyed layers are formed, and connecting the members in a heater.

Abstract: A titanium alloy product having good tribological properties without the need to introduce an alloying element into the surface is produced by casting or casting and forging a titanium alloy consisting of 2 to 15% by weight silicon or 5 to 15% by weight nickel, 0 to 7% by weight of at least one strengthening element selected from aluminum, tin, zirconium, chromium, manganese, iron, molybdenum and niobium, and 0 to 2% by weight of a surface improving alloying element selected from boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and zirconium, the balance apart from impurities and incidental ingredients being titanium. Such alloy is then surface treated by surface melting and rapid solidification so as to produce a hard, wear-resistant surface layer without substantially affecting the bulk properties of the alloy.