Abstract: A method for forming a component utilizing ultra-high strength steel and components formed by the method. The method includes the step of providing a flat blank of ultra-high strength 22MnB5 steel. The next step of the method is cold forming the flat blank into an unfinished shape of a component while the blank is in an unhardened state. Then, heating the unfinished shape of the component and generating a spline form thereon. The method proceeds by forming a finished shape of the component using a quenching die resulting in a fine-grained martensitic component material structure and enabling net shape processing to establish final geometric dimensions of the component.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a rolling-element bearing includes forming an inner ring from a steel having a sulfur content of 0.002 to 0.015 mass % and an oxygen content of less than 15 ppm, subjecting the inner ring to a hardening heat treatment that ends by performing a final heat treatment step at a predetermined temperature, cold working the inner-ring raceway to generate compressive residual stresses at least in a surface layer of the inner-ring raceway, subjecting the inner ring to a bluing treatment and subjecting the blued inner ring to a thermal post-treatment process at a temperature below the predetermined temperature of the final hardening heat treatment step. The resulting rolling-element bearing may exhibit compressive residual stresses having an absolute value of at least 200 MPa at 0.1 mm beneath the outer surface of the inner-ring raceway and a maximum value of 1500 MPa or less throughout the inner ring.

Abstract: A rolling-element bearing includes an inner ring made of steel and having an inner-ring raceway, an outer ring having an outer ring raceway, and ceramic rolling elements which roll on the inner-ring raceway and on the outer-ring raceway. The inner ring has been subjected to a heat treatment to harden it. The heat treatment is concluded with the performance of a final heat-treatment step at a predetermined temperature. In the inner ring, compressive residual stresses are formed in an outer layer by cold working in the region of the inner-ring raceway. The inner ring also has been subjected to a bluing treatment.

Abstract: To provide a price-competitive compression ring having excellent thermal conductivity and thermal sag resistance, which can be used in a high-thermal-load environment of high-compression-ratio engines, steel identified by the material number of SKS93 in JIS G 4404 is used, and a piston ring wire is annealed before an oil-tempering treatment such that spheroidal cementite having an average particle size of 0.1-1.5 ?m is dispersed in a tempered martensite matrix.

Abstract: A seal assembly between a wellhead housing having a bore and a casing hanger, has an inner seal leg for sealing against hanger and an outer seal leg for sealing against housing. An extension extends downward from outer seal leg and is connected to a nose ring having a downward facing shoulder that rests on the hanger shoulder to provide a reaction point for setting operations. A sealing surface on the seal legs is heat treated to obtain a lower localized yield strength to provide improved sealing while maintaining mechanical load capability.

Abstract: To provide a price-competitive compression ring having excellent thermal conductivity and thermal sag resistance, which can be used in a high-thermal-load environment of high-compression-ratio engines, steel identified by the material number of SUP10 in JIS G 4801, which contains small amounts of alloying elements, is used, and a piston ring wire is annealed before an oil-tempering treatment such that spheroidal cementite having an average particle size of 0.1-1.5 ?m is dispersed in a tempered martensite matrix, thereby suppressing the movement of dislocation and creep even at 300° C., and improving thermal sag resistance.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for the thermomechanical treatment of seamless steel rings produced on radial-axial ring rolling machines, particularly rings of fine grain steel, heat-treatable steel, case hardened steel, or austenitic steel, preferably of steel tower flanges for wind turbine generators. The ring blank is inserted into the ring rolling machine at a temperature in the range of 900° C. to 1150° C. and is rolled to an outer diameter preferably in the range of 0.2 m to 10 m by a hot forming process. The hot ring (1) is quickly cooled down by a controlled process directly following the rolling, without secondary heating, from a temperature over the conversion temperature in the austenite range to a temperature below 400° C. The device includes a dipping basin filled with cooling liquid (8) or an unfilled cooling container, and a carrier (5) that can be lowered with a hoisting device (4), the rolled ring (1) lying on the carrier.

Abstract: A piston ring material that when formed into a piston ring product, maintains excellent properties, and that at the production of piston ring rod, realizes excellent processability and shape stability. There is provided a piston ring material for internal combustion engine comprising, by mass, 0.5 to less than 0.7% C, 1.0% or less Si, 1.0% or less Mn, 12.0 to 16.0% Cr, 3.0% or less Mo and/or W (Mo+½W), 0.02 to 0.14% N and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein the relationship of contained C, N and Cr satisfies the formulae: 25?43.22C (%)+42.45N (%)?0.02Cr (%)?40, and 0.15?0.92C (%)+0.67N (%)?0.03Cr (%)?0.30.

Abstract: A method of restrained-quenching of an annular member, that can readily ensure a sufficient effect of restraint, increase treatment efficiency of a quench hardening treatment, and suppress production cost of the annular member, includes a heating step, a first cooling step, a restraint step, and a second cooling step. In the heating step, a bearing ring formed as the annular member is heated to a temperature not lower than an A1 point. In the first cooling step, the bearing ring is cooled to a first cooling temperature not higher than an MS point. In the restraint step, the bearing ring is restrained with a restraint member. In the second cooling step, the bearing ring is cooled to a second cooling temperature lower than a restraint start temperature while it remains restrained.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for the thermomechanical treatment of seamless steel rings produced on radial-axial ring rolling machines, particularly rings of fine grain steel, heat-treatable steel, case hardened steel, or austenitic steel, preferably of steel tower flanges for wind turbine generators. The ring blank is inserted into the ring rolling machine at a temperature in the range of 900° C. to 1150° C. and is rolled to an outer diameter preferably in the range of 0.2 m to 10 m by a hot forming process. The hot ring (1) is quickly cooled down by a controlled process directly following the rolling, without secondary heating, from a temperature over the conversion temperature in the austenite range to a temperature below 400° C. The device includes a dipping basin filled with cooling liquid (8) or an unfilled cooling container, and a carrier (5) that can be lowered with a hoisting device (4), the rolled ring (1) lying on the carrier.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for rounding and/or flattening an annular part that is out of round and/or not flat due to non-uniform internal stresses. The part is first checked for out of round and/or out of flat conditions. Out of round parts are then rounded by introducing compressive stresses into selected surface sections of the part whereby the introduced compressive stresses cause deformation of the annular part thereby rounding the annular part. Alternatively, out of round parts are rounded by relieving compressive stresses in selected surface sections of the part whereby the relieving of compressive stresses causes deformation of the annular part thereby rounding the annular part. Out of flat parts are flattened by introducing compressive stresses into selected surface sections of the part whereby the introduced compressive stresses cause deformation of the annular part thereby flattening the annular part.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an endless metal belt having metal rings built up and differing in circumference, includes the following steps of: a first circumference correction step of expanding each of the metal rings; and a second circumference correction step of expanding each of the metal rings after conducting a solution heat treatment to the expanded metal ring. In the manufacturing method, by executing the first circumference correction step and the second circumference correction step before and after the solution heat treatment, respectively, an expansion quantity for setting a circumference of each of the metal rings to become a predetermined length is attained.

Abstract: When a metastable austenitic stainless steel strip with a value Md(N), which is calculated from a composition, of 20–100 is ring-rolled to a steel belt, the relationship of ?0.3913T+0.5650Md(N)+60.46??65.87 is established among a material temperature T, an equivalent strain ? and the value Md(N). Due to the controlled rolling, a stainless steel belt for a continuously variable transmission is bestowed with fatigue properties similar or superior to those of a 18%-Ni maraging steel belt. The value Md(N) is defined by the equation of Md(N)=580?520C?2Si?16Mn?16Cr?23Ni?300N?10Mo, and the equivalent strain ? is defined by the equation of ?=?{square root over (4(1n(1?R))2/3)} (R: reduction). Furthermore, the steel belt is stabilized in its quality and profile by confining a variation ?T of the material temperature T within a range of ±6.4° C.

Abstract: An outer ring member for a constant velocity joint is manufactured. An intermediate preformed product having a cup section with an incomplete shape is formed by pressing a large diameter section without applying a low temperature annealing treatment and a lubricating chemical conversion coating treatment. Then, applying a low temperature annealing treatment and a lubricating chemical conversion coating treatment to the intermediate preformed product, thereafter a formed product having a cup section provided with ball-rolling grooves is formed by backward extrusion to the intermediate preformed product. Subsequently, the product is ironed before hardening, without applying a low temperature annealing treatment and a lubricating chemical conversion coating treatment to the formed product.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and a device for producing metal, non-rotationally symmetric rings with a constant wall thickness along their circumference, particularly cam rings, starting from a hot-rolled pipe from which individual portions are severed, mechanically machined and subsequently hardened and tempered. Ring blanks of equal width are severed from the pipe and are mechanically machined on all sides, and the non-rotationally symmetric shape is produced by cold forming, the pipe or the severed ring blank having a structure suitable for cold forming.

Abstract: Method for the production of a part of a rolling bearing, such as a ring for a ball bearing. The starting material used is a grade of steel containing 0.90 1.00% C; at most 0.15% Si; 0.25-0.45% Mn; at most 0.0015% P; at most 0.010% S; 1.30-1.50% Cr; at most 0.15% Ni; 0.20-0.23% Mo; at most 0.20-0.23% Cu; at most 20 ppm Ti; at most 8 ppm O. Before subjecting this grade of steel to a quenching and tempering treatment, the shaped item is subjected to plastic deformation in the hot or cold state. The mechanical properties and in particular the anticipated life under severe stress improve as a result.

Abstract: When a metastable austenitic stainless steel strip with a value Md(N), which is calculated from a composition, of 20-100 is ring-rolled to a steel belt, the relationship of −0.3913T+0.5650Md(N)+60.46&egr;≧65.87 is established among a material temperature T, an equivalent strain &egr; and the value Md(N). Due to the controlled rolling, a stainless steel belt for a continuously variable transmission is bestowed with fatigue properties similar or superior to those of a 18%-Ni maraging steel belt. The value Md(N) is defined by the equation of Md(N)=580−520C−2Si−16Mn−16Cr−23Ni−300N−10Mo, and the equivalent strain &egr; is defined by the equation of E={square root}{square root over (4(1n(1−R))2/3)} (R: reduction). Furthermore, the steel belt is stabilized in its quality and profile by confining a variation &Dgr;T of the material temperature T within a range of ±6.4° C.

Abstract: Method for the production of a part of a rolling bearing, such as a ring for a ball bearing. The starting material used is a grade of steel containing 0.90 1.00% C; at most 0.15% Si; 0.25-0.45% Mn; at most 0.0015% P; at most 0.010% S; 1.30-1.50% Cr; at most 0.15% Ni; 0.20-0.23% Mo; at most 0.20-0.23% Cu; at most 20 ppm Ti; at most 8 ppm O. Before subjecting this grade of steel to a quenching and tempering treatment, the shaped item is subjected to plastic deformation in the hot or cold state. The mechanical properties and in particular the anticipated life under severe stress improve as a result.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and a device for producing metal, non-rotationally symmetric rings with a constant wall thickness along their circumference, particularly cam rings, starting from a hot-rolled pipe from which individual portions are severed, mechanically machined and subsequently hardened and tempered. Ring blanks of equal width are severed from the pipe and are mechanically machined on all sides, and the non-rotationally symmetric shape is produced by cold forming, the pipe or the severed ring blank having a structure suitable for cold forming.

Abstract: A method of performing a heat treatment on steel rings, in particular for bearings, whereby the outer surface and inner surface of a preheated ring are exposed to different flows of a cooling medium such that the regions of the ring adjacent those surfaces are subjected to different cooling processes. The flow supply of the cooling medium is controlled in such a way that a desired internal stress pattern is obtained in the ring. The cooling medium includes of a combination of liquid and gas. An apparatus for performing a heat treatment on steel rings includes a support means for a ring to be treated; first and second supply means for supplying a spray or mist of a liquid, gas or combination thereof to the outer surface or inner surface of the ring, control means for controlling the supply of the spray or mist is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cylindrical drum is prepared by welding opposite ends of a thin sheet of maraging steel. A first solution treatment is effected on the cylindrical drum, and then the cylindrical drum is severed into a plurality of rings each having a predetermined width. After the rings are rolled, a second solution treatment is effected on the rings which have been rolled, and then the circumferential length of each of the rings is corrected. The rings are aged and nitrided, and then stacked into a laminated ring. The first solution treatment and the second solution treatment are effected using the same heating furnace in the same atmosphere in the same temperature range.

Abstract: An outer ring 2 as a stationary ring is fabricated with a steel material having the composition as shown under. The steel material contains, as alloying elements, C 0.80 to 1.10 wt %, Si 0.20 to 0.50 wt %, Mn 0.2 to 1.0 wt %. It also contains any two kinds or more of Cr, Mo and V at rates of Cr: 1.2 to 3.5 wt %, Mo: 0.5 to 1.5 wt % and V: 0.2 to 1.0 wt %. The containing rates of Cr, Mo and V satisfy the under mentioned formula (1). It further contains Ti and/or Cu at rates of Ti: 0.05 to 0.20 wt % and Cu: 0.2 to 2.0 wt % 1.8≦[Cr]×0.6+[Mo]×0.5+[V]≦3.0  (1). Accordingly, it is possible to remarkably lengthen the life of a rolling bearing such as a bearing for alternator to be used under high vibration and high load.

Abstract: In a rolling bearing put under a working circumstance in which water tends to intrude into lubricants, it has been known such a phenomenon that hydrogen ions formed by decomposition of the lubricants are adsorbed to raceway surfaces and accumulated as hydrogen atoms in highly strained sites (in the vicinity of the position for maximum shearing stress), to cause stress corrosion cracking type peeling.

Abstract: A method for producing a rolling bearing component, in which, before ustenizing, the steel is subjected to cold deformation and quenching is such that the bainitic structure is obtained; and a rolling bearing component produced by the method, such as a rolling bearing ring from 1C to 1,5Cr type series steel, in which at least the surface of the rolling bearing component has a bainitic structure and the service life of the bainitic structure is considerably increased over a component not subjected to cold rolling.

Abstract: A laminated ring for use as a belt in transmitting power in a continuously variable transmission is produced by welding opposite ends of a sheet of maraging steel to produce a plurality of rings, and rolling said rings to a predetermined length. The rings are nitrided in a salt-bath nitriding process by dipping the rings in a molten salt containing 38-46% of CNO31 and 1-2% of CN− and heated to a temperature in the range from 480 to 530° C., for a period of time ranging from 10 to 25 minutes. The nitrided rings are finally stacked into a laminated ring.

Abstract: A system for cooling a hot rolled steel product at a retarded cooling rate comprises a laying head for forming the product into a continuous series of rings. A conveyor receives the rings from the laying head at a receiving station and transports the rings in a non-concentric overlapping pattern through a cooling zone to a reforming station at which the rings are delivered from the conveyor and gathered into upstanding coils. The rings are covered with a granular insulation material while being transported through the cooling zone.

Abstract: An outer ring 2 as a stationary ring is fabricated with a steel material having the composition as shown under. The steel material contains, as alloying elements, C 0.80 to 1.10 wt %, Si 0.20 to 0.50 wt %, Mn 0.2 to 1.0 wt %. It also contains any two kinds or more of Cr, Mo and V at rates of Cr: 1.2 to 3.5 wt %, Mo: 0.5 to 1.5 wt % and V: 0.2 to 1.0 wt %. The containing rates of Cr, Mo and V satisfy the under mentioned formula (1). It further contains Ti and/or Cu at rates of Ti: 0.05 to 0.20 wt % and Cu: 0.2 to 2.

Abstract: A method and apparatus disclosed for cost-effective net shape precision ausform finishing the engagement surfaces of ball and roller bearings, for enhancing the surface strength and durability of bearing inner and outer races. The method consists of induction heating to austenitize the contacting surface layers of rolling element bearing races, followed by martempering (or marquenching), and then net shape roll finishing of the induction heated contacting surface layers in the metastable austenitic condition to finished dimensional accuracy requirements, and finally cooling to martensite. The apparatus utilizes a fixed vertical through-feed axis for the workpiece bearing race with capability for rotation and linear up and down positioning motion, and two coordinated and controlled laterally-moving infeed axes for roll finishing tooling dies.

Abstract: A method for the thermal treatment of bushings, particularly for tracked vehicles and the like, which provides for a first step, during which external quench hardening of the bushing is performed by heating through to approximately {fraction (7/10-10/10)} of the thickness of the bushing, followed by cooling with quenching liquid; then a second step for internal quench hardening is performed by heating the bushing through to approximately {fraction (4/10-7/10)} of the thickness thereof and then cooling with quenching liquid; the method ends by performing a step for the stress relieving of the bushing. A product at low costs can thus be obtained which has better wear resistance and fatigue strength than observed in bushings obtained with conventional methods.

Abstract: In a corrective tempering method and apparatus for a rolling element in which the thermal deformation of the rolling element is corrected within an extremely short time by utilizing plasticity exhibited during a metallic structure transforming process brought about by low-temperature tempering of the rolling element made of steel, the hardened rolling element is heated and pressured to a maximum temperature within a range of from 250 to 500.degree. C. by a heating device while set in correcting molds to correct the deformation of the rolling element at a degree of working within a range not exceeding an elastic deformation range of the rolling element at a room temperature. The rolling element can be heated also by an induction heating device in addition to a conduction heating device. A product whose inner/outer diameter correcting degree of deformation is 60% or more, dimension standardizing rate is 30% or more, surface roughness is less than Ra 0.2 .mu.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a bearing, a high-frequency hardened steel essentially containing the following elements in the following percentage by weight is employed as the material of at least one of the outer and inner races of the bearing which is drilled,C; 0.5 to 0.65%, Si; 0.07 to 0.15%,Mn; 0.05 to 0.35%, Cr; 0.25 to 0.55%, andB; 0.0035% or less,a workpiece 10 Hv 230 in maximum hardness is formed with the high-frequency hardened steel subjected to hot forging, a part of the workpiece where a hole 12 is to be formed is drilled, and a part of the workpiece 10 where a track 14 is formed is subjected to high-frequency hardening until it becomes at least Hv 653 in hardness. The workpiece formed with the steel material subjected to hot forging is not larger than Hv 230 in maximum hardness. Hence, the workpiece can be drilled without reduction of the service life of the drilling tool, and the track region of the bearing has a hardness value which is practical in use.

Abstract: An improved method for heat treating and forming Belleville washers, springs, clutch plates and the like by initially stamping or otherwise forming a flat ring, heating the ring to an elevated temperature of approximately 1700.degree. F., placing the hot ring within a die at least partially submerged in a molten salt bath and forming the ring into its final, generally frustoconical or tapered configuration while submerged in the molten salt bath. The heated formed ring is maintained in the closed die for approximately 30 seconds and is thereafter released from the die and maintained within the molten salt bath, which is maintained at a temperature of approximately 600.degree. F., for approximately one-half hour to further heat treat or austemper it to achieve the desired metallurgical properties of the steel part.

Abstract: In a method for producing machine elements of steel having a carbon content of 0.3 to 1.1%, blanks are heated to austenitizing temperature and austenitized, quenched for the formation of martensite, heated from room temperature to a maximum tempering temperature, and immediately after reaching said maximum temperature cooled to room temperature to attain a hardness of 45 to 65 RHC and finish-machined to machine elements.

Abstract: A process for hardening a plurality of holed flat parts. The holed flat parts are heated by inserting a cantilever hanger into the holes of the holed flat parts to support them in vertical positions within a furnace. The holed flat parts are then removed from the hanger by inserting a moving fork into the holes of the holed flat parts and moved to a cooling section while being supported in the vertical positions on the moving fork. Then, the holed flat parts in the vertical positions are quenched in the cooling section by blowing a gas downward to them. Also disclosed is an apparatus for practicing the holed flat part hardening process.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for correcting a hardening deformation of an annular element made out of steel, during the cooling stage of hardening, the annular element which still has an austenitic structure is subjected to working on either the outside or inside diameter, with the degree of working being 0.05-1.0% if it is on the outside diameter with the annular element being pressed into a mold, and 0.5-3.0% if the working is on the inside diameter. Thus the deformation that develops in annular steel elements due to heat treatments is effectively corrected to yield completely round, strain-free or deformation-free annular elements.

Abstract: A two-piece oil ring, for use in an internal combustion engine, with the oil ring being made from a martensitic stainless steel material having high consisting essentially of more than 0.8 wt % but less than 0.95 wt % of C, not more than 1.0 wt % of Si, not more than 1.0 wt % of Mn, from 15.0 wt % to 20.0 wt % of Cr and a balance substantially Fe and incidental impurities. The oil ring has a hardness ranging from HV300 to HV450 and a substantially H- or X-shaped cross-section. A web portion interconnecting left and right halves of the H- or X-shaped cross-section has a thickness not greater than 0.3 in terms of the ratio of the total thickness of the ring. Oil passage holes are formed in the web portion. A nitrided layer is formed on the sliding surface thereof which makes a sliding contact with the inner surface of a cylinder of the engine. The material may further contain suitable amounts of at least one of Mo, W, V, Nb, Ni and Co.

Abstract: A pin type retainer for roller bearings is stamped in one piece from flat metal stock. The flat metal is first drawn into a cup shape having a broad flange around an open first end and a closed second end. The closed end provides solid support and alignment while stamping pins from the broad flange. The pins are then final shaped by swaging or machining into cross sectional forms for a variety of applications. The second end is then opened to form a ring. The pin type retainer can be modified for use with a retaining ring or a seal against contaminants. The pin type retainer can be formed from a variety of materials, including steel. An embodiment using plastic resin is also disclosed.