Abstract: Copper or copper alloy sheet or foil displaying excellent solderability and high resistance to tarnish is prepared by the provision over its surface of a coating containing a copper salt of an organophosphonic acid. To form the coating, the sheet or foil is immersed for a short time in an aqueous solution containing a phosphonic acid, rinsed and dried, the treatment being combined with or preceded by oxidation of the sheet surface.

Abstract: A non-aqueous composition for chemical treatment of the surface of a metallic substrate which comprises a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent, chromic anhydride, phosphoric acid, a solubilizer and a stabilizer. By the use of such non-aqueous composition, chemical treatment can be achieved quickly with remarkable saving of operation steps. The coating resulting from such chemical treatment has a high corrosion resistance and an excellent adhesion with a paint coating film formed thereon.

Abstract: A grain-oriented silicon steel sheet having substantially no glass film can be obtained by subjecting a cold rolled silicon steel sheet having a final gauge to a decarburization annealing to form subscale on the steel sheet surface, applying an annealing separator consisting of hydrated silicate mineral fine powder, a strontium- or barium-containing compound, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide and the remainder being Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and finally annealing the above treated steel sheet. The steel sheet has excellent punchability when the steel sheet is coated with a phosphate system or chromate-organic resin mixture system insulating coating.

Abstract: Dyeable and dyed polymer-coatings on metal articles such as sliders, buttons, buckles, clasps, nuts, bolts, hooks, etc. include a substantial quantity of active proton acceptor groups relative to the number of polymer molecules in order to provide adequate dye pick-up.

Abstract: A composition for coating a metal-working tool to increase tool life, comprising graphite, molybdenum disulphide or other solid lubricant in an aqueous binder solution comprising a phosphate of aluminium, magnesium, zinc, calcium or other metal and preferably a chromate or dichromate as well.

Abstract: A heat-resistant insulating coating having a high adhesion can be formed on an oriented silicon steel sheet by the use of an aqueous coating dispersion containing colloidal silica dispersed therein, at least one of monobasic phosphates of Mg, Al, Sr, Ba and Fe, at least one compound selected from chromic acid anhydride, chromate and dichromate, and at least one fine particle oxide selected from SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 having a primary particle size of 70-500A and an apparent density of not higher than 100 g/l. The steel sheet having the coating is low in the iron loss and magnetostriction and shows good heat-resistant property.

Abstract: A complex film is formed on a steel sheet by coating thereto an aqueous solution of ammonium phosphate, ammonium molybdate, nickel aceptate, etc., heating the same and further coating a lubrication oil containing an animal or vegetable oil or fat or a mineral oil with a high molecular compound and a higher fatty acid, whereby a steel sheet showing excellent lubricity in ironing is given. The effect can be improved by adding cobalt, nickel, chrome salts to the aqueous solutions.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting corrosion and providing a foundation for subsequent application of organic coating systems to metal surfaces, such as steel surfaces and zinc-, lead-, copper- and tin-coated surfaces, comprises the development of a protective phosphatizing reaction coating based on a metal other than the metal which is to be protected either by an immersion treatment or by a spray treatment with a phosphatizing bath which contains the metal phosphate or metal acid phosphate matter for such a treatment in a status nascendi.

Abstract: An acid aqueous coating composition and concentrate of chromic acid and chromium phosphate derived from phosphoric acid resulting from the oxidation of hypophosphorous acid in reacting with the chromic acid. The chromic acid is present in a stoichiometrically equivalent amount from about one percent to about one hundred percent over that needed to oxidize hypophosphorous acid to phosphoric acid. The composition may also contain a non-foaming wetting agent and particulate silica.

Abstract: A coating solution for forming on electrical steel strips an electrical insulation coating for tensioning the strip, contains on a dry weight basis for every 100 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, calculated as P.sub.2 O.sub.5, from 10 to 35 parts by weight of Ca.sup.2+ ions, calculated as CaO, from 70 to 200 parts by dry weight of colloidal SiO.sub.2, and from 40 to 200 parts by weight of water for every 100 parts of P.sub.2 O.sub.5. The solution may also contain up to 20 parts by weight of Mg.sup.2+ calculated as MgO, up to 30 parts by weight of Cr.sup.6+ calculated as CrO.sub.3, and/or up to 30 extra parts by weight of phosphoric acid calculated as P.sub.2 O.sub.5. The density of the solution is from 1.25 to 1.35 g/cc, and the value of the molar ratio R=(CaO+MgO)/(P.sub.2 O.sub.5 +CrO.sub.3) is from 0.7 to 0.9.

Abstract: A fastener and method of manufacturing fasteners is disclosed including coating the fastener with a cured, oil-free polyester coating, the cured polyester coating comprising the reaction product of one or more polyols selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, 1,2 hexanediol, 1,3 butenediol, and mixtures thereof; one or more dibasic organic acids selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, and mixtures thereof; and an aminoplast cross-linking agent selected from the group consisting of melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, hexahydroxymethyl melamine, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A chromium-containing treating composition, which is especially useful for rinsing phosphatized metal surfaces, contains hexavalent chromium-containing compound, methylene chloride and a substance that can be acetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone oxime and mixtures thereof. The composition is a homogeneous solution that is particularly useful where aqueous systems may create potential water pollution problems.

Abstract: An improvement in a weldable coating for metallic substrates containing a high molecular weight epoxy or phenoxy resin, an electroconductive pigment such as zinc and a diluent such as a glycol ether wherein the improvement resides in replacing at least about 70 weight percent of said resin with a composition containing a low molecular weight epoxy resin such as the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, a phenolic hydroxyl-containing compound such as a phenolic hydroxyl terminated adduct of a diglycidyl ether of a diphenolic compound such as bisphenol A and a catalyst for effecting the reaction between the epoxy resin and the adduct.

Abstract: This application is concerned with the treatment of metal surfaces with stable solutions of hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium, phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid and water dispersible acrylic emulsion polymer to enhance the corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties of the metal; the coating uniquely having generally universal utility under a wide variety of paint systems and paint types.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic composition free of hexavalent chromium is employed to treat a metal surface. The composition contains trivalent chromium, phosphate ion and dispersed silica.

Abstract: Since primers can be applied to metal substrates prior to subsequent operation, including metal deformation, they are often applied in coil coating operation. The potential for the removal of primer coating during metal deformation is a drawback to early coating application. There is now provided a lubricant composition particularly adapted to meet this problem. The composition comprises metallic stearate, emulsifier, titanium dioxide and Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, all in aqueous medium.

Abstract: Metal substrates, and particularly ferrous metal substrates, are now protected by having on their surface composite coatings wherein the base coating comprises a water-insoluble phosphatized coating from an organic phosphatizing composition. Over the phosphatized base coating there is then deposited a topcoating that is typically a paint topcoating. However, a rinse coating, such as a chromic acid solution, may be used on the base coating prior to a paint coating. A highly desirable adherent, corrosion-resistant and water-insoluble composite coating thereby protects the substrate metal.

Abstract: An improved process for forming a zinc phosphate coating on a zinc surface comprises contacting the surface with an aqueous nitrate and ammonia-free solution containing zinc, phosphate, nickel or cobalt, and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Aluminum diffusion can be effected from continuous coatings of leafing-type aluminum particles and such leafing coatings in very thin layers are more effective than coatings of non-leafing aluminum, with or without diffusion. Other protective metals in flake or leaf form can be substituted for or added to the leafing aluminum. Adhesion of the flakes to the substrate is greatly improved and can be effected at lower temperatures if the flakes are applied from a dispersion containing a volatilizable halogen-type carrier or an ammonium chromate. The leafing coatings can be sprayed on from aqueous dispersion containing wetting agents and if desired a polyethylenetrtrafluoroethylene and/or mixtures of phosphoric acid, chromic acid and magnesium, aluminum, calcium or zinc salts of these acids.

Abstract: A process is provided for coating a metal substrate to give new and improved results in the preparation of resin coated metals, particularly steel, aluminum, magnesium, and zinc surfaced articles including galvanized iron or steel.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a hexavalent chromium containing emulsion coating composition without causing coagulation of the emulsion and for providing an emulsion coating composition containing at least one water insoluble particulate film-forming thermoplastic resin which is highly effective as a coating for a metal substrate to give new and improved results in the preparation of resin coated metals, particularly steel, aluminum, magnesium, and zinc surfaced articles including galvanized iron or steel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and method for coating aluminum in order to improve both corrosion resistance and paint adhesion. By using very low concentrations of hexavalent chromium ions, phosphate ions and fluoride ions in the coating composition, the characteristics of the treated aluminum surfaces are improved, while process waste disposal problems are minimized.

Abstract: A chromium-containing coating composition, also containing pulverulent metal, will provide a coating of excellent corrosion resistance when the composition contains urea as at least a part of the reducing agent, and when the composition also contains particular pH adjusting agent. The reducing agent of the composition is used in regard to the hexavalent chromium contained in the chromium portion of the composition. The pH adjusting agent should be a compound of zinc. In addition to achieving excellent corrosion resistance, resulting coatings can provide the other desirable characteristics for coated substrates, such as topcoat adhesion and formability, without deleterious effect.

Abstract: A liquid phosphatizing composition, containing organic solvent such as 1,1,1-trichlorethane or trichlorofluoromethane, can provide phosphate coatings on metal articles. In addition to the organic solvent, the composition contains a phosphatizing proportion of phosphoric acid and a solubilizing liquid capable of solubilizing phosphoric acid in the organic solvent. The composition contains a minor amount of water, yet it is an amount exceeding the proportion of phosphoric acid, and the composition is non-flammable. Phosphatized coatings of desirable water insolubility are obtained.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a non-crystalline, light weight tightly adherent coating of calcium phosphate on ferrous metal surfaces. In this method, the ferrous metal surface is treated with a coating solution containing calcium phosphate together with an oxidizing agent at a pH which closely approaches but does not exceed the saturation point of the calcium phosphate in solution. In practicing the method of this invention, the calcium phosphate content of the coating bath is preselected from the range of from about 0.01 to about 1.0 moles per liter as measured by the Ca.sup.++ cation. Next, a bath temperature of from about 50.degree. F. to about 160.degree. F. is selected. The pH of the bath is raised to a pH approaching but not exceeding the saturation point of calcium phosphate at the selected temperature and the bath is brought to the selected temperature.Coating of the ferrous metal with the calcium phosphate solution is accomplished by conventional dip or spray methods.

Abstract: An aluminum container has an inner surface treated to suppress foaming of carbonated liquids subsequently placed therein by first chemically cleaning the aluminum surface, forming a conversion coating on the surface using a solution containing ions of phosphate, hexavalent chromium and fluoride; and treating the coated aluminum surface with an aqueous solution containing glycerol.

Abstract: A process is provided for coating a metal substrate to give new and improved results in the preparation of resin coated metals, particularly steel, aluminum, magnesium, and zinc surfaced articles including galvanized iron or steel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for sealing alumina layers formed on the surface of aluminum and its alloys by anodic oxidation, and to the composition for effecting such sealing. The process, which is preferably carried out at room temperatures for purposes of economy, comprises contacting said layer with an aqueous composition which includes phosphate ions, trivalent chromium, and an emulsified organic resin.

Abstract: Solar collector including a copper or copper alloy base and a selective solar heat energy-absorptive coating or film of improved stability to liquid water on the base. The selective film is characterized by having a solar absorptivity of 0.90 or higher, infrared emissivity no more than 0.20, and a stability such that its selectivity is not significantly reduced after contact with liquid water condensate over a prolonged, cumulative, non-continuous time in excess of 15,000 hours.

Abstract: A bolt, nut and washer is first coated with an under-coating consisting of metal phosphate, and is then coated with a second or top coating consisting of a chromium compound and one or more of a metal salt of higher fatty acid, polyolefin and polyethylene tetrafluoride dissolved or dispersed in a vehicle. The composite coating improves the corrosion resisting and lubricating properties of bolts, nuts and washers coated therewith, and also serves as an excellent base for paints.

Abstract: A method of treating a corrosible steel substrate having a coating of oxidized steel thereon, which comprehends applying to the oxidized steel coating a solution of an alkyl silicate in quantity sufficient to saturate the oxidized steel coating, permitting the solution to cure by hydrolysis, and thereupon to apply a topcoating. The solution may be partially prehydrolyzed as within the range of 40-98% and may contain dry particulate matter which is water insoluble and having a coloration sufficient for visual detection so as to readily indicate the state of saturation of the oxidized steel coating. Furthermore, the solution may additionally contain water soluble corrosion inhibiting compounds for producing ions which will react with the anodic steel substrate.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a hexavalent chromium containing emulsion coating composition without causing coagulation of the emulsion and for providing an emulsion coating composition containing at least one water insoluble particulate film-forming thermoplastic resin which is highly effective as a coating for a metal substrate to give new and improved results in the preparation of resin coated metals, particularly steel, aluminum, magnesium, and zinc surfaced articles including galvanized iron or steel.

Abstract: A metallic surface is coated with a polymeric resinous coating by immersing the surface in an acidic aqueous coating composition comprising polymeric resinous coating-forming material and an oxidizing agent. The corrosion resistance and/or the surface appearance of the resinous coating is modified by rinsing the coating with an aqueous rinse solution containing hexavalent chromium or an aqueous rinse solution containing hexavalent chromium and reduced forms of chromium.

Abstract: A liquid phosphatizing composition, containing organic solvent such as 1,1,1-trichlorethane or trichlorofluoromethane, can provide phosphate coatings on metal articles. In addition to the organic solvent, the composition contains a phosphatizing proportion of phosphoric acid and a solubilizing liquid capable of solubilizing phosphoric acid in the organic solvent. Most critically, the composition contains water in an amount exceeding the proportion of phosphoric acid, yet, the water-containing liquid composition maintains liquid phase homogeneity. Phosphatized coatings of desirable water insolubility are obtained.

Abstract: A surface treated steel sheet and strip having a surface layer of M-Si-R in which M is at least one of the group consisting of chromium, phosphorus, silicon, cobalt, manganese, copper, nickel, aluminum and titanium, and R is a group of atoms which has 2 to 10 carbon atoms and contains one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of vinyl, epoxy, acryl and amino groups.

Abstract: A steel sheet coating having high corrosion-resistivity and paint-adhesivity can be obtained by applying a water solution of specific composition described hereinafter on a steel sheet, followed by drying; and exposing the coating to ultraviolet rays in an air atmosphere; said water solution contains a chemical compound which has been prepared by reacting a prepolymer of an epoxy resin with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid in order to introduce vinyl groups into the molecules of said prepolymer, another chemical compound of chromate or dichromate for chelation and a molybdenum compound as a stabilizer.

Abstract: A composition comprising 2 to 10% by weight of a sulfate of copper, 0.05 to 1.0% by weight of an alkali metal bichromate, 0.05 to 1.0% by weight of a surfactant, 15 to 35% by weight of phosphoric acid (based on contained phosphoric acid) and 50 to 85% by weight of water, the total of all components equaling 100% and a method for preparing and using said composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for protecting metal surfaces from corrosion, and more particularly to a method for forming a phosphatized film on metal surfaces and a composition for accomplishing said result.

Abstract: Insulative coatings for electrical steels and methods of making them. The coatings are hard, glassy and smooth in nature, are easily cured and improve the magnetic characteristics of the electrical steels. The coatings are produced by applying to an electrical steel an aluminum-magnesium-phosphate solution containing Al.sup.+.sup.+.sup.+, Mg.sup.+.sup.+ and H.sub.2 PO.sub.4.sup.- in a specified relative relationship and from 0 to 60% by weight colloidal silica on a water-free basis. The solutions contain at least 45% by weight water. Chromic anhydride (CrO.sub.3) may be added to the coating solutions to improve wettability of the solutions, moisture resistance of the resulting coatings and interlaminar resistivity after stress relief anneal. An electrical steel coated with a solution of the present invention is thereafter subjected to a heat treatment to cure the insulative coating thereon.

Abstract: A phosphate coating solution for forming coatings on a metal surface is contacted with an anion-exchanger loaded or contacted with nitrite ions, whereby the nitrate ions present in the coating solution are replaced by the nitrite ions. This process permits continued operation of a phosphate coating process without replenishing a nitrite solution. This process also allows no accumulation of alkali metal and/or ammonium ions unavailable for the phosphate coating and provides uniform coatings with satisfactory coating properties on the metal surface.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for improving the hydrolytic stability of the adhesive bond between an RFL type organic adhesive and the steel reinforcing element in steel-rubber composite articles. This is accomplished by a pre-treatment of the steel surface before it is coated with the organic adhesive. The pre-treatment is conducted in a continuous operation which includes the sequential steps of: (1) cleaning the metal surface by a vapor degreasing method or by immersion in a detergent containing aqueous bath followed by a hot water rinse; (2) coating the surface with a crystalline or microcrystalline zinc phosphate; (3) rinsing the phosphated steel surface with water; (4) subjecting the phosphated surface to a chromate or chromic acid rinse; (5) rinsing again with deionized water; and finally (6) drying the steel reinforcing element.

Abstract: Metal treating compositions, containing chromic acid and pulverulent zinc, and which find particular utility in the coating of metal substrates prior to painting, now exhibit extended bath stability through pH adjustment. The key to the adjustment is not in the final bath makeup. Rather, the adjustment is made during preparation of a precursor component containing chromic acid. Such component of adjusted pH may then be blended with additional composition ingredients including the pulverulent zinc to form a bath of excellent stability, e.g., extended freedom from gelation.

Abstract: A method of forming a hydrophilic coating on an aluminum surface comprises the steps of:A. etching the aluminum surface;B. treating the etched aluminum surface with an acidic first aqueous solution comprising from about 0.5 to about 3 g/l of active fluoride, from about 2.5 to about 60 g/l of chromate ion (calculated as CrO.sub.3) and from about 2 to about 300 g/l of phosphate ion, so as to form a coating having a weight of at least 150 mg/sq. ft.;C. treating the aluminum surface with an alkaline second solution containing an alkali metal silicate; andD. baking the treated aluminum surface.

Abstract: An insulating coating having a high adhesion on an oriented silicon steel sheet, which applies a tension on the surface of the steel sheet and restrains magnetostriction increased when compressive stress is subjected to said oriented silicon steel sheet, is formed by applying a coating aqueous dispersion of 7 - 24% by weight of colloidal silica and 5 - 30% by weight of magnesium phosphate in monobasic magnesium phosphate on the oriented silicon steel sheet and baking the thus treated steel sheet at a temperature of 350.degree. - 900.degree.C. Said coating is more improved by adding 0.01 - 5% by weight of at least one of chromic anhydride, chromates and bichromates to said coating aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: Disclosed is an acid, aqueous metal surface treating composition comprising chromium phosphate, chromic acid, a phosphate ion providing compound and a polyvinyl alcohol polymer hydrolyzed to at least 99%. Also present is a phosphate of a water soluble amine.

Abstract: A circuit breaker, operating in an insulating liquid dielectric environment, switchable between an open position and a closed position, is made of metallic sensing, tripping and supporting members, where a plurality of the members are coated with a dual protective film comprising a first layer containing zinc phosphate or iron phosphate about 0.00001 to about 0.0004 inch thick covered by an outside layer containing zinc chromate and/or zinc dichromate about 0.00001 to about 0.0004 inch thick, the protective film being resistant to the contacting liquid dielectric.

Abstract: Metal treating compositions, formulated from precursor components, and containing chromic acid with pulverulent zinc and thereby finding particular utility in coating metal substrates prior to painting, can now have simplified precursor components. Such simplified precursor components may be easily and readily blended to form the metal treating composition. Yet such precursor components exhibit enhanced storage stability as well as compositional simplicity.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of 2.0 to 12.0 gm/l hexavalent chromium and 0.7 to 4.0 gm/l of sodium or ammonium bifluoride, adjusted to a pH of 2.7 to 5.5, is applied to coated (eg. Zn) ferrous substrates, metered to result in a final thickness of 0.8 to 2.0 mg of Cr per square foot of substrate surface, and thereafter dried to remove physically bound water.

Abstract: A soluble chromate or dichromate is incorporated in a system comprising a metal and an orthophosphate-containing liquid to inhibit corrosion of the system under highly turbulent conditions. The system in which the chromate or dichromate is incorporated is a system in which the metal surface is normally passivated against corrosion by an orthophosphate-containing film; however under the erosive conditions experienced by the system, the phosphate film is destroyed. The incorporation of the chromate or dichromate in the system prevents corrosion under such conditions. In a typical system, a chromate or dichromate is incorporated in an ammonium phosphate solution which is exposed to contact with a ferrous metal.

Abstract: Methods of coating metal articles to protect them from corrosion, and the products of such methods. Metal articles which have been electroplated with zinc, cadmium, nickel or chromium, or which have been phosphated, are chromated, and coated with a hydrophobic thermosetting polymer, and heated to convert the polymer to a hard, adherent film. Multiple polymer coatings may be applied prior to heat curing, and the corrosion resistance of the coating is thereby vastly improved.