Abstract: A method for producing a coated steel sheet having a tensile strength TS of at least 1100 MPa, a total elongation TE according to ISO standard 6892-1 of at least 12%, the product TSxTE of the tensile strength by the total elongation being at least 14200 MPa %, and a hole expansion ratio HER according to ISO standard 16630:2009 of at least 25%, the method including the following successive steps: providing a cold-rolled steel sheet, the chemical composition of the steel containing in weight %: 0.15%?C?0.23%, 2.0%?Mn?2.7%, with C+Mn/10?0.420%, 0?Cr?0.40%, with Mn+Cr?2.25%, 0.2%?Si?1.6%, 0.02%?Al?1.2%, with 1.0%?Si+Al?2.2%, 0?Nb?0.035%, 0?Mo?0.1%, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, annealing the steel sheet at an annealing temperature TA so as to obtain a structure comprising at least 65% of austenite and at most 35% of intercritical ferrite, quenching the sheet from a temperature of at least 600° C. at a cooling rate comprised between 20° C./s and 50° C.

Abstract: Provided is a high strength steel sheet having an excellent high-temperature elongation characteristic. The sheet includes, by weight %, 0.4-0.9% of C, 0.01-1.5% of Cr, 0.03% or less (exclusive of 0%) of P, 0.01% or less (exclusive of 0%) of S, 0.01% or less (exclusive of 0%) of N, 0.01% or less (exclusive of 0%) of sol. Al, and a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and comprises at least one among 2.1% or less (exclusive of 0%) of Mn and 1.6% or less (exclusive of 0%) of Si; the sheet has a microcrystalline structure including pearlite having an area fraction of 80% or more and ferrite having an area fraction of 20% or less; and the pearlite includes cementite having a major axis length of 200 nm or shorter.

Abstract: A device for heating and quenching a tubular member has a central axis. The device includes a first quenching ring, a second quenching ring axially spaced from the first quenching ring, and a heating ring axially positioned between the first quenching ring and the second quenching ring. Each quenching ring and the heating ring is configured to receive the tubular member. The heating ring is fixably coupled to the first quenching ring and the second quenching ring. The heating ring includes an induction coil configured to heat an annular target zone along the tubular member. The first quenching ring is configured to deliver a first quenching fluid to the target zone and a first annular heat affected zone along the tubular member, and the second quenching ring is configured to deliver a second quenching fluid to the target zone and a second annular heat affected zone along the tubular member.

Abstract: A hot-rolled flat steel product including (in wt %) C: 0.1-0.3%, Mn: 1.5-3.0%, Si: 0.5-1.8%, Al: ?1.5%, P: ?0.1%, S: ?0.03%, N: ?0.008%, optionally one or more of Cr: 0.1-0.3%, Mo: 0.05-0.25%, Ni: 0.05-2.0%, Nb: 0.01-0.06%, Ti: 0.02-0.07%, V: 0.1-0.3%, and B: 0.0008-0.0020%, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities. This flat steel product possesses a tensile strength of 800-1500 MPa, a yield strength of >700 MPa, an elongation at break of 7-25%, and a hole expansion of more than 20%. The structure is at least 85 area % martensite, of which at least half is tempered martensite, with the remainder being ?15 vol % residual austenite, ?15 area % bainite, ?15 area % polygonal ferrite, ?5 area % cementite and/or ?5 area % nonpolygonal ferrite, and has a kernel average misorientation of at least 1.50°. Also, a method for producing the flat steel product, wherein the microstructure of the flat steel product is set by the heat treatment.

Abstract: A method of producing a galvannealed steel sheet includes: annealing a steel strip by conveying the steel strip through a heating zone including a direct fired furnace, a soaking zone, and a cooling zone in this order in an annealing furnace; hot-dip galvanizing the steel strip discharged from the cooling zone; and heat-alloying a galvanized coating formed on the steel strip. Mixed gas of humidified gas and dry gas is supplied into the soaking zone from at least one gas supply port located in a region of lower ½ of the soaking zone in a height direction so that a dew point measured in a region of upper ? of the soaking zone in the height direction and a dew point measured in a region of lower ? of the soaking zone in the height direction are both 20° C. or more and 0° C. or less.

Abstract: A method for heat-treating a cast component composed of an aluminum base alloy, in which method the cast component is annealed at a predetermined annealing temperature for a predetermined annealing period in a first heat transfer medium and then transferred into a water bath. Between being annealed and transferred into the water bath, the cast component is transferred into a second heat transfer medium at a predetermined intermediate cooling temperature, where it is held for a predetermined intermediate cooling period.

Abstract: A family of iron-based, phosphor-containing bulk metallic glasses having excellent processibility and toughness, methods for forming such alloys, and processes for manufacturing articles therefrom are provided. The inventive iron-based alloy is based on the observation that by very tightly controlling the composition of the metalloid moiety of the Fe-based, P-containing bulk metallic glass alloys it is possible to obtain highly processable alloys with surprisingly low shear modulus and high toughness.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for micro-treating iron-based alloys to transform and/or shape them and the resulting materials obtained by treating low, medium, and high carbon steel and other iron-based alloys to form at least a mixed microstructure that may contain martensite, bainite and un-dissolved carbides, and may also contain complex steel microstructures including portions of bainite, coalesced bainite, acicular ferrite, retained austenite and/or martensite along with combinations thereof by micro-treating said iron based alloy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method that has been developed to obtain good toughness and homogeneous properties through heavy sections in tool steels or likely highly alloyed steels. The microstructure attained is mostly bainitic. The method is especially good for hot work tool steels in applications demanding heavy sections and very high toughness. The method consists on the application of a low temperature bainitic transformation to tool steels presenting a low enough martensite transformation temperature (Ms). Additionally or alternatively cementite is replaced from the bainite by other finer carbides, mainly mixed carbides containing elements with stronger affinity for carbon than iron. The method is especially simple if applied to steels with high contents of Si or Al (>1.3% and >0.4% respectively) where cementite growth is impaired. The method works also well for low cost plastic injection moulding and structural steels. Even some higher alloyed tool steels can benefit from, the present method.

Abstract: A hot-dip galvanizing layer or an alloyed hot dip galvanizing layer is formed on the surface of a base steel sheet in which in volume fraction, 40 to 90% of a ferrite phase and 5% or less of a retained austenite phase are contained, and a ratio of non-recrystallized ferrite to the entire ferrite phase is 50% or less in volume fraction, and further a grain diameter ratio being a value of, of crystal grains in the ferrite phase, an average grain diameter in the rolling direction divided by an average grain diameter in the sheet width direction is 0.75 to 1.33, a length ratio being a value of, of hard structures dispersed in island shapes, an average length in the rolling direction divided by an average length in the sheet width direction is 0.75 to 1.33, and an average aspect ratio of inclusions is 5.0 or less.

Abstract: A method of quenching a workpiece is provided with one or more spray quench rings that eject a controlled variable volume of spray quench onto a workpiece passing through the quench rings by dynamically adjusting the axially adjustable distance between the inner and outer ring elements of each quench ring while the workpiece passes through the quench rings in response to mass cooling requirements of the workpiece passing through the quench rings. The quench rings can also be axial adjusted relative to each other in response to the mass cooling requirements. Dynamically adjustable reflected spray guards can be provided to prevent quench spray pattern interference between adjacent quench rings.

Abstract: There is provided a heat treatment method in which high-quality tempering treatment can be performed in a short period of time. In this method, when an object to be treated is tempered after being quenched, the object to be treated is rapidly cooled to a 90% martensite transformation finishing temperature without being cooled to the ordinary temperature after quench heating, and then is subjected to 100% martensite transformation by using a 100° C. liquid, and thereafter, tempering treatment is performed after the whole of the object to be treated is soaked by using the 100° C. liquid.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process to make enhanced fatigue strength micro-alloy steel. In the process of the present invention, the soaking temperature is maintained in the range of 900° C. to 1050° C. and soaking time in the range of 30-60 minutes depending on size of crankshaft to get refined grain size. Distortion of the components is prevented from occurring with provision of adequate supports especially designed for the process. Forged parts made using the process, such as crankshafts, have a refined grain pattern and result into 20 to 25% enhancement in torsion fatigue strength & 10-25% enhancement in bending fatigue strength. The present invention thus provides an enhanced ratio of the strength to material density and a micro-alloy whose torsion fatigue strength and bending fatigue strength are greater than the currently available micro-alloy steels.

Abstract: The present application describes a steel composition that provides enhanced corrosion resistance. This steel composition includes one of vanadium in an amount of 1 wt % to 9 wt %, titanium in an amount of about 1 wt % to 9 wt %, and a combination of vanadium and titanium in an amount of 1 wt % to about 9 wt %. In addition, the steel composition includes carbon in an amount of 0.03 wt % to about 0.45 wt %, manganese in an amount up to 2 wt % and silicon in an amount up to 0.45 wt %. In one embodiment, the steel composition includes a microstructure of one of the following: ferrite, martensite, tempered martensite, dual phase ferrite and martensite, and dual phase ferrite and tempered martensite. Further, the present application describes a method for processing the steel composition and use of equipment such as oil country tubular goods, fabricated with the steel composition.

Abstract: A method for the manufacturing of high strength cold rolled steel sheets includes continuously annealing a cold rolled steel sheet that has a composition containing C: 0.05-0.3% mass, Si: 0.6-3.0% mass, Mn: 1.0-3.0% mass, P: ?0.1% mass, S: ?0.02% mass, Al: 0.01-1% mass, N: ?0.01% mass, and Fe and inevitable impurities: balance, in a manner such that the cold rolled steel sheet is heated in a furnace using an oxidizing burner to a steel sheet temperature of ?700° C., then soak-annealed in a reducing atmosphere furnace at 750-900° C., then cooled so the average cooling rate between 500° C. and 100° C. is ?50° C./s. High-Si cold rolled steel sheets with high strength and good phosphatability while containing Si?0.6% are obtained without controlling conditions so as to increase the dew point in the reducing atmosphere in the soaking furnace or to increase the vapor hydrogen partial pressure ratio.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and equipment for controlling flatness of a stainless steel strip in connection with cooling after annealing in a finishing line.

Abstract: A method for quenching a steel pipe by water cooling from an outer surface thereof, where pipe end portions are not subjected to water cooling, and at least part of a main body other than the pipe end portions is subjected to water cooling. A region(s) that is not subjected to direct water cooling over an entire circumference thereof can be along an axial direction at least in part of the main body other than the pipe end portions. The start and stop of water cooling can be intermittent at least in part of the quenching. During the water cooling of the pipe outer surface, an intensified water cooling can be performed in a temperature range in which the pipe outer surface temperature is higher than Ms point. Thereafter, the cooling can be switched to moderate cooling so that the outer surface is cooled down to Ms point or lower.

Abstract: A tool steel family with outstanding thermal diffusivity, hardness and wear resistance has been developed, also exhibiting good hardenability. Also its mechanical strength, as well as its yield strength, at ambient and high temperature (superior to 600° C.) are high, due to a high alloying level in spite of the high thermal conductivity. Because of its high thermal conductivity and good toughness, steels of this invention have also good resistance to thermal fatigue and thermal shock. This steels are ideal for discontinuous processes where it is interesting to reduce cycle time and that require high hardness and/or wear resistance (plastic injection molding, other plastic forming processes and curing of thermosets, hot forming of sheet . . . ). These tool steels are also appropriate for processes requiring high wear resistance and good resistance to thermal fatigue (forging, hot stamping, light-alloy injection . . . ).

Abstract: A spray quench system is provided with one or more spray quench rings that eject a controlled volume of spray onto a workpiece passing through the quench rings. The quench rings can be adjusted in position independently of each other relative to the workpiece being sprayed. Reflected spray guards may be provided to prevent spray interference between adjacent quench rings. The outlets of the quench rings may be adjustable in volume. A controller can be provided to optimize the distribution of quench cooling flows from the quench rings. Sets of quench rings with different diameters in each set may be provided in modular form.

Abstract: A method of hot forming a steel blank into an article the method including the following steps: d) cooling a heated steel blank to form an article during hot forming, starting at a starting temperature T2 above Ar3; to an interrupt temperature T3 in the range of 400-550° C. at a cooling rate V2 of at least 25° C./s; e) immediately further cooling the article from the interrupt temperature T3 to ambient temperature at a cooling rate V3 of 0.2-10° C./s, wherein the interrupt temperature T3 and cooling rate V3 are selected such that the article thus obtained has multiphase microstructure including by volume fraction: 55-90% of bainitic ferrite 5-15% of retained austenite 5-30% martensite.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of thermal processing of articles consisting of steel and iron-based alloys with a carbon content of up to 4.3% by weight. In order to reduce the duration of the technological processes used for producing articles consisting of iron-based alloys with a set structural state, the first variant of the method comprises heating the articles so as to form austenite and then cooling, which is performed under conditions which ensure the formation, in the structure of the alloy, of regions of austenite with a chemical composition similar to eutectoid with the subsequent formation in said regions of marinite and a set structural state so as to produce perlite with a different degree of dispersion and/or hardened structures.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion under insulation (CUI) on the exterior of a structure, e.g., pipelines, piping, vessels and tanks, is provided. The method involves providing a structure that is at least partially formed from a corrosion resistant carbon steel (CRCS) composition. The CRCS composition includes corrosion resistance alloying additions in the amount of 0.1 weight percent to 9 weight percent. At least one alloying addition has a low free energy of formation for its oxide and/or hydroxide, e.g., vanadium and/or titanium. A corrosion inhibited structure that includes a structure at least partially formed from a corrosion resistant carbon steel (CRCS) composition, and insulation positioned around at least a portion of the structure.

Abstract: A cooling device and a cooling method for a hot strip allow uniform and stable cooling of the strip at a high cooling rate when supplying the coolant to the upper surface of the hot strip. The cooling device includes an upper header unit 21 for supplying a rod-like flow to the upper surface of the strip 10. The upper header unit 21 is formed of the first upper header group including plural first upper headers 21a arranged in a conveying direction and a second upper header group including plural second upper headers 21b arranged in the conveying direction. The cooling device is provided with an ON-OFF mechanism 30 to allow each of the upper headers 21a and 21b of the first and the second upper header groups to independently execute the ON-OFF control (start/end injection control) of an injection (feeding) of the rod-like flow.

Abstract: An air hardenable steel alloy is disclosed comprising, in percent by weight: 0.18 to 0.26 carbon; 3.50 to 4.00 nickel; 1.60 to 2.00 chromium; 0 to 0.50 molybdenum; 0.80 to 1.20 manganese; 0.25 to 0.45 silicon; 0 to less than 0.005 titanium; 0 to less than 0.020 phosphorus; 0 up to 0.005 boron; 0 up to 0.003 sulfur; iron; and impurities. The air hardenable steel alloy has a Brinell hardness in a range of 352 HBW to 460 HBW. The air hardenable steel alloy combines high strength, medium hardness and toughness, as compared with certain know air hardenable steel alloys, and finds application in, for example, any of a steel armor, a blast-protective hull, a blast-protective V-shaped hull, a blast-protective vehicle underbelly, and a blast-protective enclosure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cast iron cast part, in particular a cast crankshaft (1), having a first layer (3) made of ausferrite, and a second layer (4) adjoining the interior (5) made of ausferrite and troostite.

Abstract: A method for the manufacturing of high strength cold rolled steel sheets includes continuously annealing a cold rolled steel sheet that has a composition containing C: 0.05-0.3% mass, Si: 0.6-3.0% mass, Mn: 1.0-3.0% mass, P: 0.1% mass, S: ?0.02% mass, Al: 0.01-1% mass, N: ?0.01% mass, and Fe and inevitable impurities: balance, in a manner such that the cold rolled steel sheet is heated in a furnace using an oxidizing burner to a steel sheet temperature of ?700° C., then soak-annealed in a reducing atmosphere furnace at 750-900° C., then cooled so the average cooling rate between 500° C. and 100° C. is ?50° C./s. High-Si cold rolled steel sheets with high strength and good phosphatability while containing Si?0.6% are obtained without controlling conditions so as to increase the dew point in the reducing atmosphere in the soaking furnace or to increase the vapor hydrogen partial pressure ratio.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high strength steel sheet having excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance. The steel sheet has a tensile strength of 1180 MPa or more, and satisfies the following conditions: with respect to an entire metallographic structure thereof, bainite, bainitic ferrite and tempered martensite account for 85 area % or more in total; retained austenite accounts for 1 area % or more; and fresh martensite accounts for 5 area % or less (including 0 area %).

Abstract: Described herein are a method, an apparatus, and a system for metal processing that improves one or more properties of a sintered metal part by controlling the process conditions of the cooling zone of a continuous furnace using one or more cryogenic fluids. In one aspect, there is provided a method comprising: providing a furnace wherein the metal part is passed therethough on a conveyor belt and comprises a hot zone and a cooling zone wherein the cooling zone has a first temperature; and introducing a cryogenic fluid into the cooling zone where the cryogenic fluid reduces the temperature of the cooling zone to a second temperature, wherein at least a portion of the cryogenic fluid provides a vapor within the cooling zone and cools the metal parts passing therethrough at an accelerated cooling rate.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for the dry removal of the scale from the surface of a metal product comprising at least one heating area that does not reduce the specific surface of the material to be treated and does not cause oxidation, at least one reducing area for performing the reaction between a specific reducing gas (normally hydrogen) and at least the scale, at least one cooling area for cooling the metal product, means for heating the metal product, means for heating the reducing gas, means for controlling the fluid dynamics of the boundary layer produced by the flow of said reducing gas over the surface of the metal product, means for removing the reaction products front the reducing gas after the reaction, means for cooling the metal product, and means for removing the reaction products from the treated surface of the metal product.

Abstract: An apparatus for the heat-treating of a heat-hardenable steel cruciform article having a weld seam includes a heating element to heat the weld seam to a point that an austenitic transformation occurs, and a quenching chamber to cool the weld seam, causing the formation of Martensite and an associated expansion. The quenching is rapid since slow quenching may allow a crystalline phase other than martensite to form. The apparatus may comprise rollers operable to convey the welded cruciform article through the apparatus at a speed such that the weld seam is subjected to heating for a predetermined heat time sufficient to cause a formation of martensite there within, and such that the heated portion reaches the quenching chamber and is quenched to create a substantial amount of martensite, e.g., an amount sufficient to cause expansion of the part.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for cooling or quenching slabs and sheets (2) with water in a cooling pond (1, 14) wherein the slabs and the sheets (2), previously set upright by a tilting device (18), are lowered and temporarily maintained in position on edge. The inventive method is characterized in that the slabs and the sheets are sprayed with the cooling water. Therefor, the cooling pond (1) has, on both sides of the lowered slabs and sheets (2) jet devices (10; 11a, 11b) directed towards the surfaces of the large sides of the slabs or sheets and connected to a cooling water circuit which comprises means for reducing the water filling supply from a maximum upper water level (13b) to a lower water level (13a).

Abstract: Decarburization-restrained steel and manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. Steel includes a boron (B)-concentrated layer formed on its surface to prevent carbon of the steel from being in contact with oxygen in atmosphere to thus restrain decarburization of the steel. The steel includes a boron-concentrated layer with a thickness of 3 mm or larger formed on the surface of the steel. The method of manufacturing decarburization-restrained steel includes cooling steel containing 0.001 wt % to 0.02 wt % of boron (B) at a cooling speed of 0.5° C./s to 25° C./s at an austenite+ferrite two-phase region.

Abstract: Super Bainite Steel is described comprising between 90% and 50% bainite, the rest being austenite, in which excess carbon remains within the bainitic ferrite at a concentration beyond that consistent with equilibrium; there is also partial partitioning of carbon into the residual austenite. Such bainite steel has very fine bainite platelets (thickness 100 nm or less). In this specification the expression “Super Bainite Steel” is used for such steel. In particular, the impact of varying the manganese content to achieve fast transformation times, and hence low manufacturing costs without the presence of expensive alloying materials is discussed. In one embodiment of the invention a Super Bainite Steel comprises in weight percent: carbon 0.6 to 1.1%, silicon 1.5 to 2.0%, manganese 0.5 to 1.8%, nickel up to 3%, chromium 1.0 to 1.5%, molybdenum 0.2 to 0.5%, vanadium 0.1 to 0.2%, balance iron save for incidental impurities.

Abstract: The present application describes a steel composition that provides enhanced corrosion resistance. This steel composition includes one of vanadium in an amount of 1 wt % to 9 wt %, titanium in an amount of about 1 wt % to 9 wt %, and a combination of vanadium and titanium in an amount of 1 wt % to about 9 wt %. In addition, the steel composition includes carbon in an amount of 0.03 wt % to about 0.45 wt %, manganese in an amount up to 2 wt % and silicon in an amount up to 0.45 wt %. In one embodiment, the steel composition includes a microstructure of one of the following: ferrite, martensite, tempered martensite, dual phase ferrite and martensite, and dual phase ferrite and tempered martensite. Further, the present application describes a method for processing the steel composition and use of equipment such as oil country tubular goods, fabricated with the steel composition.

Abstract: A magnetic alloy having a composition represented by the general formula of Fe100-x-yCuxBy (atomic %), wherein x and y are numbers meeting the conditions of 0.1?x?3, and 10?y?20, or the general formula of Fe100-x-y-xCuxByZz (atomic %), wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, S, C, P, Al, Ge, Ga and Be, and x, y and z are numbers meeting the conditions of 0.1?x?3, 10?y?20, 0<z?10, and 10<y+z?24), the magnetic alloy having a structure containing crystal grains having an average diameter of 60 nm or less in an amorphous matrix, and a saturation magnetic flux density of 1.7 T or more.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of manufacturing a ferrous monolithic component and the component that results from the method. The method of the invention utilizes selective rapid cooling of the portion of the component that is desired to have increased strength and selective controlled cooling of the portion or portions which are desired to be more machinable. The controlled cooling may include cooling, re-heating and re-cooling. The result is a component with local high strength in the rapidly cooled zones and locally altered metallurgical properties to improve machinability in the more slowly cooled zones.

Abstract: A method for tempering a workpiece is provided. The method includes providing a ferrous alloy workpiece having a martensite and/or bainite phase therein, heating at least a portion of the workpiece to a preselected temperature and then cooling the workpiece to a lower temperature. The preselected temperature is below the austensizing temperature of the alloy and the heating is accomplished in no more than 60 seconds. One embodiment of the present invention heats the workpiece using resistance heating.

Abstract: A heat treatment method of manufacturing high carbon bearing steel having excellent abrasion resistance and fatigue resistance, a steel wire rod for high carbon bearing steel subjected to the heat treatment, a manufacturing method of the steel wire rod, high carbon bearing steel manufactured by the heat treatment and a soaking method of a steel bloom used for manufacturing the steel wire rod. The heat treatment method of bearings includes the steps of: quenching a bearing-shaped steel part containing, by weight, 0.5% to 1.20% carbon and 1.0% to 2.0% silicon; and partitioning the quenched steel part at a temperature ranging from Ms?100° C. to Ms for at least 10 minutes, where Ms represents a temperature at which formation of martensite will start.

Abstract: The oxide film thickness of the steel material surface (dH2O+do2) is made to become 15 nm or less where post-treatment after water-cooling is not needed by suitably setting the conditions of the water-cooling start temperature (Ti), water-cooling end temperature (To), steel material thickness (d), concentration of solute oxygen in the cooling water (Do), and cooling rate (CR) in the equation of dH2O+do2=7.98×10?4(Ti?To)dDo+{5.50×10?3(Ti2?To2)?6.51(Ti?To)}/CR.

Abstract: Disclosed is an efficient heat treatment method which can be performed in a short time. Specifically disclosed is a method for heat-treating a steel material wherein a plastically deformed steel work is introduced into a heat treatment furnace when the work still retains the heat applied thereto during the plastic deformation, then the work is heated preferably at a heating rate of 15-50 DEG C./min and held at a temperature between Ac1 and Ac3 for 10 minutes or less, and then the work is slowly cooled at a cooling rate of 5-45 DEG C./min. This heat treatment method enables to easily produce a steel material having a uniform metal structure by simple facilities.

Abstract: This invention relates to a multi-phase transformation of an iron and carbon-containing alloy. While the phenomena for this cooling transformation are not fully understood, multiple theories are present. The first theory is that since the alloy is rapidly heated and carbon leveling has not occurred, carbon enriched areas transform to a first phase, perhaps martensite, while lesser carbon areas may transform to a second phase, perhaps bainite. Thus a dual phase alloy is produced.

Abstract: Iron-based alloys and articles in strips, sheets, workpieces and the like are converted into high strength steel with a minimum of cost, time and effort, including producing dual phase materials. This is achievable by extremely rapid micro-treating of low, medium, and high carbon iron-based alloys and articles by rapid heating and rapid cooling at least a portion of the alloy/article. This heating step involves nearly immediately heating the iron-based alloy to a selected temperature above its austenite conversion temperature. Then, the alloy is immediately quenched, also at an extremely fast rate, on at least a portion of the iron-based alloy in a quenching unit adjacent the heating unit. This procedure forms high strength alloy in a desired area, depending upon where the treatment was performed.

Abstract: A method of cooling both surfaces of steel plate, which stably secures precision of cooling control from a start of cooling to an end so as to uniformly cool the top and bottom surfaces of the steel plate and thereby stably secures the steel plate quality and cools the steel plate down to a target temperature with a good precision. The method comprises dividing a steel plate cooling region into at least a spray impact part region and a spray non-impact part region, predicting a heat transfer coefficient for each divided region in advance, computing a predicted temperature history of the steel plate based on this predicted value, and setting and controlling amounts of sprayed coolant on the spray impact part regions by top and bottom surface nozzles.

Abstract: A method for producing a plate of steel which is resistant to abrasion and whose chemical composition includes, by weight: 0.24%?C<0.35%; 0%?Si?2%; 0%?Al?2%; 0.5%?Si+Al?2%; 0%?Mn?2.5% 0%?Ni?5%; 0%?Cr?<5% 0%?Mo?1%; 0%?W?2%; 0.1%?Mo+W/2?1%; 0%?B?0.02%; 0%?Ti?1.1%; 0%?Zr?2.2%; 0.35%<Ti+Zr/2?1.1%; 0%?S?0.15%; N<0.03%, optionally up to 1.5% of copper; optionally at least one element selected from Nb, Ta and V at contents such that Nb/2 +Ta/4+V?0.5%; optionally at least one element selected from among Se, Te, Ca, Bi, Pb at contents which are less than or equal to 0.1%; and the balance being iron and impurities resulting from the production operation. The chemical composition further complying with the following relationships: C*=C?Ti/4?Zr/8+7×N/8?0.095% and 1.05×Mn+0.54×Ni+0.50×Cr+0.3×(Mo+W/2)1/2+K>1.8 with: K=0.5 if B?0.0005% and K=0 if B<0.0005%.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing a martensitic stainless steel. The method comprises the following steps (a) to (c): (a) preparing a steel having a chemical composition consisting of, by mass %, C: 0.003 to 0.050%, Si: 0.05 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.10 to 1.50%, Cr: 10.5 to 14.0%, Ni: 1.5 to 7.0%, V: 0.02 to 0.20%, N: 0.003 to 0.070%, Ti: not more than 0.300% and the balance Fe and impurities, and P and S among impurities are not more than 0.035% and not more than 0.010% respectively, and that it also satisfies the following equation: ([Ti]?3.4×[N])/[C]>4.5 wherein [C], [N] and [Ti] mean the content (mass %) of C, N and Ti, respectively, (b) heating the steel at a temperature between 850 and 950° C., (c) quenching the steel, and (d) tempering the steel at a temperature between Ac1?35° C. and Ac1+35° C. and in a condition of not more than 0.5 of the value of variation ?LMP1 in the softening characteristics LMP1, which is defined by the following equation: LMP1=T×(20+1.

Abstract: A system and method for producing locally austempered ductile iron includes a computer program for closely controlling the heating and cooling of an iron part or workpiece. The process allows for the austempering of a relatively low cost iron workpiece to produce significantly higher quality end products. The locally austempered regions may be formed to a substantial controlled depth.

Abstract: An iron or iron-base alloy sheet having high proportion of {100} texture and a method of manufacturing the same. A method of forming grains having {100} plane parallel to the sheet surface is disclosed. A Fe or Fe-base alloy sheet is annealed at austenite (?) temperature while minimizing an effect of oxygen in the sheet or on surfaces of the sheet or a heat treatment atmosphere, and then the above sheet is subject to phase transformation to ferrite (?). On surfaces of the resulting sheet, a high proportion of {100} texture develops. A method of manufacturing electrical steel sheet is disclosed. The grains with {100} texture on surfaces grow to have a grain size of at least half the thickness of the sheet by a ??? transformation. By adopting the above disclosed methods, an iron or iron-base alloy sheet with excellent texture can be simply manufactured within short time.

Abstract: Quenching fluid composition comprising one or more additives and a saturated base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. “K” expressed in centistokes and a viscosity index “I” wherein I is greater than 120 and K greater than 2 cSt.

Abstract: A polymeric quenchant. The polymeric quenchant comprises an inorganic nanoparticle, a water-soluble polymer, and water, wherein a weight ratio of the inorganic nanoparticle, water-soluble polymer and water is about 0.05-5:1-5:100. The cooling rate of steel during a quenching process can be adjusted by regulating the components and ratios of the adjusted by regulating the components and ratios of the polymeric quenchant to achieve desirable steel properties.

Abstract: Method for increasing the fatigue strength of a mechanical part of a wind turbine and/or for reducing the tendency to form what are called “white etching cracks” or “brittle flakes” in such a bearing, which includes making one or several of the bearing rings and/or roller elements concerned of the bearing at least partly of a hardened steel having a carbon content between 0.4 and 0.8 percent by weight.