Abstract: Polybutadiene-compatible, energetic nitrate ester plasticizers of aliphatic hydroxyl compounds, having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule, and a carbon/nitrate-group (C/NO.sub.3) ratio of 3 to 8 are described. The plasticizers allow to reduce the solids content of PBD-propellant compositions, resulting in significantly improved processabilty and, in many instances, also better mechanical properties. The very low viscosity of the uncured propellant binders permits processing and cure at ambient temperature, yielding essentially stress-free grains, thus lessening the danger of grain-cracking and/or propellant insulation debonding during long-term storage. Another benefit of the energetic plasticizers is a substantially reduced cure-rate, making an exceptionally long potlife feasible. Specific impulse, density, and burning rate are slightly increased, while NOL-sleeve detonability remains negative at zero cards.

Abstract: Hydroxy-terminated poly(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl) polynitroorthocarbonate repolymers of the formula ##STR1## which are prepared by reacting bis(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl)dichloroformal with a diol of the formula ##STR2## wherein n>1, and wherein W, X, Y, and Z vary independently and are F or NO.sub.2, and wherein A is --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CF.sub.2 --, --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 --, --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 --, --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 --,--CH.sub.2 OCF.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 --, or --CH.sub.2 N(NO.sub.2)CH.sub.2 --. These prepolymers are reacted with curing agents (e.g., polyisocyanates) to form energetic polymeric binders.

Abstract: Hydroxy-terminated poly(2,2-dinitropropyl)polynitroorthocarbonate prepolys of the formula ##STR1## which are prepared by reacting bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)dichloroformal with a diol of the formula ##STR2## wherein n>1, and wherein W, X, Y, and Z vary independently and are F or NO.sub.2, and wherein --A-- is --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CF.sub.2 --, --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 --, --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 --, --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 OCF.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 --, or --CH.sub.2 N(NO.sub.2)CH.sub.2 --. These prepolymers are reacted with curing agents (e.g., polyisocyanates) to form energetic polymeric binders.

Abstract: Gas-generating mixtures for rescue and air bag systems, as well as rocket d tubular weapon drive systems comprise high nitrogen and low carbon fuels GZT, TAGN, NG or NTO catalysts for pollutant gas reduction/reaction acceleration of V.sub.2 O.sub.5 /McO.sub.3 mixed oxides and/or oxide mixtures, the oxidizer Cu(NO.sub.3).sub.2 *3Cu(OH).sub.2, which permits a cold, rapid combustion and optionally the additional coolant Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, which has further oxidizer characteristics.

Abstract: A gas-generating mixture for rescue and air bag systems, as well as for ret and tubular weapon drive systems comprises high nitrogen, low carbon fuels GZT, TAGN, NG or NTO, the cold and fast burning oxidizer Cu(NO.sub.3).sub.2 *3Cu(OH).sub.2 and a catalyst for reducing pollutant gases, accelerating the reaction and cooling formed by a pyrophoric metal or a pyrophoric alloy on a carrier.

Abstract: A flame extinguishing pyrotechnic which flamelessly deflagrates to produce rimarily nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and a fluoroolefin. The flame extinguishing characteristic is achieved by reducing the content of oxygen proximate the deflagration as well as through the flame suppressing properties of particular fluoroolefins. The pyrotechnic composition contains an azido binder such as glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), an azido plasticizer, a solid tetrazole, and a perfluorocarboxylic acid salt. This composition is cured to a rubbery composite by the addition of an isocyanate.

Abstract: An explosive charge is disclosed for use as ammunition in a casing. The charge is comprised of a particulate propellant which is embedded in a solidified matrix prepared from an energetic liquid composition. The latter comprises a liquid, energetic plasticizer, a polyol and an organic polyisocyanate.

Abstract: Clean burning, non-self extinguishing propellant compositions for use in hybrid automotive air bag systems are disclosed. The propellant compositions are based on a mixture of a crystalline nitramine propellant, an energetic or non-energetic binder and one or a combination of an oxidizing propellant and an energetic plasticizer.

Abstract: This invention record describes the production of a low vulnerability propellant (LOVA) ingredients utilizing mixtures of alkyl nitratoethyl nitramines (alkyl NENAs) and/or bis (2-nitroxyethyl) nitramine (DINA) with nitrocellulose. Described compositions provide lower freezing points and decreases sensitivity while maintaining or surpassing output realized with currently used nitroglycerins/nitrocellulose mixtures. A process to provide for the production of desired mixtures of alkyl NENAs with each other or with DINA in a safe, cost-effective co-nitration process is disclosed. The process involves mixing together predetermined amounts of precursors for each of alkyl NENAs and/or DINA to be present in the final mix. Nitrating the precursors followed by a catalyst reaction, wash and neutralization step.

Abstract: The explosive blasting composition in this invention contains 1 to 40 pert Aluminum powder, 40 to 80 percent Cyclotetramethylene Tetranitramine, 4 to 15 percent Cellulose Acetate Butyrate, 5 to 20 percent of 1:1 mixture of bis 2,2-dinitropropyl acetate and bis 2,2-dinitropropyl formal, and, and 0.25 to 0.75 percent Tri (dioctyl Phosphato) Titanate.The method of making the above composition consists of combining Cyclotetramethylene Tetranitramine, Cellulose Acetate Buterate, 1:1 bis 2,2-dinitropropyl acetate and bis 2,2-dinitropropropyl formal, and tri (dioctyl phosphato) titanate, mixed at an elevated temperature for a period of time. Prior to blowdown, the Aluminum powder is added. to the mix. Mixing continues and blowdown is initiated to remove excess solvents for the purpose of extrusion.

Abstract: A nonsolvent process of synthesizing bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)formal (BDNPF) is disclosed. In the process, 2,2-dinitropropanol (DNPOH) is reacted at low temperature with a formaldehyde source in the presence of a protic acid catalyst, such as H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, HCl, H.sub.3 PO.sub.4, or HBr. To inhibit byproduct formation, the reaction temperature is maintained from about -30.degree. C. to 30.degree. C. Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction solution is quenched with water and washed with an aqueous hydroxide ion solution. The hydroxide ion concentration should be sufficient to neutralize the protic acid catalyst during the quenching step and to solubilize unreacted 2,2-dinitropropanol as well as other aqueous soluble byproducts in the reaction solution. The BDNPF product is extracted with a low boiling temperature polar organic solvent, such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) or equivalent solvent. The organic solvent is evaporated to yield usable BDNPF product.

Abstract: An efficient method for preparing nitrated glycerol glycol ether useful as a high energy plasticizer, by using as nitrator feed, the reaction products of an alkali metal bisulfate-catalyzed reaction of ethylene oxide and a stoichiometric excess of glycerol.

Abstract: 4,4-Dinitroadamantane-2,6-dione,6, and a method of making the same.

Abstract: A novel formulation of liquid propellants comprising a mixture of high eny ingredients consisting of bis(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl)amine, bis(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl)formal and bis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)formal together with conventional liquid fuels and propellants to create a synergistic formulation having new and unexpected physical and chemical properties.

Abstract: An energetic plasticizer for double base propellants comprising (1) a mixe of sorbitol tetra-,penta-, and hexa-nitrate (MSN) and (2) a polyolpolynitrate selected from the group consisting of diethyleneglycoldinitrate (DEGDN), triethyleneglycoldinitrate (TEGDN), nitroglycerin (NG) and mixtures thereof. Also included are compound formulations for double base, modified double base, and composite modified double base propellants incorporating the above energetic plasticizer.

Abstract: 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamitroadamantane and a method of making the same.

Abstract: A method of preparing difluoroformals of the formula(RCH.sub.2 O).sub.2 CF.sub.2,wherein R is --C(NO.sub.2).sub.3, --CF(NO.sub.2).sub.2, --CF.sub.2 (NO.su), --C(NO.sub.2).sub.2 CH.sub.3, or a fluoroalkyl group such as --CF.sub.3 or --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.3, by reacting the corresponding dichloroformals with hydrogen fluoride in pyridine. These difluoroformals are useful as energetic explosive and propellant ingredients.

Abstract: Energetic compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is --OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.3, --OCH.sub.2 C.sub.2).sub.2 CH.sub.3, --OCH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.3, --OCH.sub.2 CF(NO.sub.2).sub.2, --OCH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 (NO.sub.2), or --OCH.sub.2 CF.sub.3, and wherein R.sub.2 is --OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.3, --OCH.sub.2 CF(NO.sub.2).sub.2, --OCH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 (NO.sub.2), --OCH.sub.2 CF.sub.3, --NH.sub.2, --NHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 ONO.sub.2, or --N(NO.sub.2)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 ONO.sub.2.

Abstract: 3,7,9,9-Tetranitronoradamantane.

Abstract: A propellent medium for a barreled weapon with electrically-supported liquid propulsion, especially for chemical-electrical hybrid drives with regenerative propellent medium injection. Organic compounds of a combination of carbon and hydrogen are contemplated in a ratio with one or more reactive groups which, with a good exothermic reaction of the propellent medium (hydrocarbon), will facilitate the dissociation of molecules or atoms of lower molecular mass. Hereby, a propellent medium component can be formed from charged hydrocarbon ring systems including reactive groups.

Abstract: N,N'-Bis(4,4,4-trinitrobutyryl)hydrazine which is prepared by reacting 4,-trinitrobutyryl chloride with hydrazine in methanol at low temperature. This compound is sensitive enough to be used as an initiating explosive and thermally stable enough to be used in missile warheads.

Abstract: 4,4,6,6-Tetranitroadamantan-2-one and a method of making the same.

Abstract: Gas generating compositions or propellants are provided which comprise a fuel and a novel oxidizer therefor comprising an inorganic compound having a poly(nitrito) transition metal complex anion. The inorganic oxidant compounds are generically represented by the formula:M.sub.x.sup.1 M.sub.y.sup.2 (NO.sub.2).sub.zwherein (1) M.sup.1 is a metal selected from the (a) Group IA alkali metals, (b) Group IIA alkaline earth metals, preferably strontium, (c) Group IB metals, preferably copper, and (d) Group IIB metals, preferably zinc, of the Periodic Table, (2) M.sup.2 is a metal selected from the transition metals of Groups IVA-IIB of the Periodic Table, (3) x=1, 2, 3, or 4; y=1 or 2, and z=4 or 6 as determined by the required stoichiometry of the metals of the complex, and (4) the M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 metals selected are different metals. M.sup.1 is preferably the Group IA alkali metals, more preferably sodium and potassium, and most preferably potassium. M.sup.

Abstract: A method of preparing dichloroformals of the formula(RCH.sub.2 O).sub.2 CCl.sub.2by reaction of one mole of a thionocarbonate of the formula(RCH.sub.2 O).sub.2 C.dbd.Swith two moles of benzenesulfenyl chloride, chlorobenzenesulfenyl chloride, r methanesulfenyl chloride wherein R is --C(NO.sub.2).sub.3, --CF(NO.sub.2).sub.2, --CF.sub.2 (NO.sub.2), --CCl(NO.sub.2).sub.2, --C(NO.sub.2).sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CCl.sub.3, --CF.sub.3, or --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.3. These energetic dichloroformals are useful as explosive and propellant ingredients and as intermediates in the synthesis of other energetic explosive and propellant ingredients.

Abstract: A method for improving the disperion of particulate materials in intermollar explosive compositions which comprises dry blending at least one fuel compound and at least one oxidizer compound, a viscosity modifier and a dispersable particulate material, melt blending the resulting dry blend, and thereafter casting the melt into a suitable form, casing or mold. The viscosity modifier suitable for use in the invention is a cationic salt of carboxymethylcellulose ether. The viscosity modifier is added in an amount sufficient to achieve a desired melt viscosity.

Abstract: A stable extrudable non-azide crash bag propellant composition for generating high quality nitrogen gas and a low temperature process for producing the same from an extrudable mass containing an effective amount of a cellulose-based binder.

Abstract: An energetic composite made of a mixture of(1) a solid nitrate ester of a cyclodextrin or a mixture of cyclodextrins; nd(2) an energetic organic nitrate ester plasticizer.

Abstract: A method for making 3-amino-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazole using ammonium 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole and hydrazine hydrate as starting materials and a method for providing energy derived from 3-amino-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazole.

Abstract: In a low energy fuse, the reactive composition on the inner wall of the tubing is substantially free of a metal fuel or quasi metal fuel and comprises a particulate secondary high explosive and a gas generating non-explosive particulate solid selected from barium peroxide, barium nitrate, potassium permanganate, potassium chloride or sodium azide. The gas generating solid renders the fuse safer for use in an inflammable or incendive atmosphere such as a coal mine.

Abstract: An autoigniting composition for the gas generator of a vehicle occupant restraint system that is thermally stable at temperatures up to 110.degree. C., will not autoignite at 150.degree. C., but when heated to approximately 177.degree. C. will undergo rapid autoignition.

Abstract: Propellant grain consisting essentially of:A. from about 50% to about 75% by weight of an oxidizer consisting essentially of ammonium nitrate;B. from about 1% to about 20% by weight of a cured polymeric binder;C. from 0% to about 30% by weight of a nitrate ester plasticizer;D. from about 3.5% to about 8% by weight of boron in free elemental form; andE. from 0% to about 3% by weight of aluminum metal.The grain has a pressure exponent not exceeding about 0.30 at a combustion pressure between about 2500 and about 7000 pounds per square inch (between about 1700 and about 4800 N/cm.sup.2). Also, an uncured pourable slurry having the formula stated above, except that the binder is uncured. Also, a method for forming a propellant grain having the formula stated above, comprising the steps of providing the uncured pourable slurry defined above, pouring the slurry into a casing, and curing the slurry in situ to form a cured propellant grain having a pressure exponent not exceeding about 0.

Abstract: A blasting agent is disclosed for use in a borehole having a pressure resistant closure. The blasting agent is used in combination with a primary initiating system comprised of a detonator and an initiator for the detonator. The blasting agent is preferably a semi-fluid explosive material having a predetermined sensitivity. The sensitivity is related to the borehole diameter and the initiating system's strength, wherein the blasting agent upon initiation is transformed into explosive products by means of reaction front which consumes substantially all the blasting agent as the reaction front passes through the blasting agent. The reaction front has an average velocity of propagation of between 200 meters/second and 1,000 meters/second for at least 30% of the total length of blasting agent located in the borehole. Another aspect of the invention is a method of blasting wherein the average velocity of propagation of the explosive front in the blasting agent is in a range of between 200 m/sec and 1,000 m/sec.

Abstract: A family of ultra high-energy gun propellant systems based upon a nitrocellulose binder matrix, and containing a variety of azide components to provide a formulation having reduced isochoric flame temperatures and ultra-high mass impetus.

Abstract: High-energetic explosive and propellant compositions having decreased detonation sensitivity are provided. To enhance the specific impulse of these formulations and ensure detonation desensitization, the highly-energetic oxidizer 1,9-dinitrato-2,4,6,8-tetranitrazanonane is utilized.

Abstract: A method of achieving an ultrahigh-burning rate composite solid propellant hrough the embedment of the solid explosive diazodinitrophenol (e.g., 2-diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol) having predetermined shapes and dimensions of cubes or pellets. Cubes having dimension from about 1/16 inch to about 3/32 inches on each side and pellets having dimensions from about 1/16 inch to about 3/32 inch diameters are employed in weight percent ranging from about 1 to about 5 with an uncured composite solid propellant composition in a weight percent range from about 95 to about 99. After being uniformly blended in the uncured state, the propellant and solid explosive are cured to a solid grain which has an increase in burning rate with about a 4.5 weight percent concentration of diazodinitrophenol of about 4.5 composite solid propellant composition with 0% diazodinitrophenol burned at 0.6 inches per second.

Abstract: A process for effecting thermal decomposition of explosive nitric acid esters in wastewater effluents of the explosives industry wherein no additional by-products are produced and wherein the danger of explosions is avoided. In this process, the dissolved esters are exposed to a temperature of between 150.degree. and 300.degree. C. under pressure lying above the boiling pressure of the wastewater. During this step, the nitric acid esters are completely decomposed, and the wastewater treated in this way can then be passed on to further processing and purification. In a preferred embodiment, the hot wastewater exiting from a decomposer unit is exploited for preheating the effluent before it enters the decomposer unit.

Abstract: Energetic materials exhibiting low sensitivity comprise a solid solution of nitroaliphatic oxidizer, preferably trinitroethyl derivatives, in plasticized thermoplastic elastomer such as a block copolymer of polystyrene and polyacrylate plasticized with dioctyl adipate. The energetic material is prepared by forming molten plasticized elastomer and then incrementally dissolving the oxidizer in the molten binder.

Abstract: A new compound 2,2-dinitrobutyl 2,2-dinitropropyl formal (DNBPF),CH.sub.3 C(NO.sub.2).sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.sub.2 CH.sub.3,and a energetic plasticizer which is a 1:1 eutectic mixture of DNBPF and bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) formal.

Abstract: A castable smoke-producing pyrotechnic composition comprising a hydroxy-terminated azido polymer binder with a polyisocyanate curative, an energetic plasticizer, and a dye in an amount sufficient to generate colored smoke.

Abstract: A physically stable emulsion explosive composition consisting of a dispersed phase and a continuous phase, wherein the dispersed phase consists essentially of at least one oxidizing compound and at least one fuel compound, and wherein the continuous phase consists essentially of a polyacrylate resin.

Abstract: An energetic uncured binder composite mixture comprising(1) a hydroxy-terminated polyfluoroformal prepolymer of the general formulaHOCH.sub.2 (CF.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.2 [OCH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 (CF.sub.2).sub.n H.sub.2 ].sub.m OHwherein n is 3 or 4 and m is selected to provide a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 10,000 for the prepolymer; and(2) an energetic plasticizer which isbis(2,2-dinitropropyl)formal,bis(2,2-trinitroethyl)formal,bis(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl)formal,bis(2,2-difluoro-2-nitroethyl)formal,2,2-dinitropropyl 2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl formal, or mixtures thereof;wherein the weight ratio of energetic plasticizer to prepolymer is from about 2:1 to about 5:1. This binder composite mixture is useful for preparing energetic plastic bonded explosives having high chemical and thermal stabilities.

Abstract: Primer composition comprising diazodinitrophenol or potassium dinitrobenzofuroxane, tetracene, nitrate ester fuel and strontium nitrate. It is prepared by hydrating anhydrous strontium nitrate by dissolving in warm water and thereafter cooling solution to obtain crystals of the tetrahydrate. These crystals are mixed with other components to form the primer composition.

Abstract: A solid high-performance propellant for a rocket engine is described. The propellant is constituted by a combination of polyglycidylazide (GAP) ([C.sub.3 H.sub.5 N.sub.3 O].sub.n) or poly-3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane (BAMO) ([C.sub.4 H.sub.6 N.sub.6 O].sub.n) with boron, aluminum, or aluminum hydride (AlH.sub.3) and a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrazinium nitroformate (N.sub.2 H.sub.5 C(NO.sub.2).sub.3), nitronium perchlorate (NO.sub.2 ClO.sub.4), or ammonium perchlorate (NH.sub.4 ClO.sub.4), together with other conventional additives.

Abstract: A melt/cast explosive composition comprising about 20 to 100 wt. % of a binary complex of ammonium nitrate (AN) and methyl nitroguanidine (MeNQ) in a molar ratio of about 0.55:1 to 1.35:1. This binary complex may be used alone or it may be formulated with up to about 80 wt. % compatible fuels and/or oxidizers to tailor the formulation for specific military or commercial applications.

Abstract: Hybrid, high-performance propellant combinations for a rocket engine are described, characterized by being constituted by a combination of polyglycidyl axide (GAP) ([C.sub.3 H.sub.5 N.sub.3 O].sub.n), poly-3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane (BAMO) ([C.sub.4 H.sub.6 N.sub.6 O].sub.n) or hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) with hydrazinium nitroformate (N.sub.2 H.sub.5 C(NO.sub.2).sub.3) as a solid oxidizer and pentaborane (B.sub.5 H.sub.9) or diborane (B.sub.2 H.sub.6) as a fuel, together with other conventional additives.

Abstract: Automotive airbag gas generant formulation providing an alternative to commercially used formulations containing sodium azide. The composition contains from about 25% to about 75% by weight of 5-nitro-1,2,4-trizal-3-one (usually known as nitrotriazolone). The other principal ingredient of the composition is from about 25% to about 75% by weight of an anhydrous oxidizing salt having a cation selected from metals of Group I-A of the Periodic Table (except sodium), calcium, strontium, or barium, and an anion which is essentially free of carbon, hydrogen, or halogens. From about 0.1% to about 5% of a binder can be added, if necessary. An automotive airbag inflator containing the composition and a method for generating gas comprising the step of igniting the composition stated above are also disclosed.

Abstract: Propellant containing an oxidizer, a binder, and 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol as a plasticizer.

Abstract: Provided herein are the compounds 4,4-dinitro-1-butanol, 4-azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl acetate and methods for preparing each compound.4,4-dinitro-1-butanol is prepared by reacting trinitromethane with acrolein, reducing the resulting trinitroaldehyde to provide the corresponding alcohol and reducing the alcohol.4-azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl acetate is prepared by reacting 4,4-dinitro-1-butanol with acetyl chloride to yield the corresponding acetate and reacting the acetate with an alkali metal azide in an electrolysis cell.

Abstract: Explosive compounds of the formulas ##STR1## where R is --CH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2)b.3 --CH.sub.2 CF(NO.sub.2).sub.2, or --CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 (NO.sub.2) and R' is --CH.sub.2 CF(NO.sub.2).sub.2 or --CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 (NO.sub.2); ##STR2## where R is --CH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.3 or --CH.sub.2 CF(NO.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: A high energy explosive composition containing 80 to 95 percent HMX having low susceptibility to sympathetic detonation. The composition also contains between 2.9 to 10 percent cellulose acetate butyrate, 10 to 17.1 percent of 1:1 mixture of bis 2,2-dinitropropyl acetate and bis 2,2-dinitropropyl formal, and 0.5 percent tri (dioctyl phosphato) titanate.