Abstract: In a first aspect of the present invention, a rubber composition is provided, comprising at least one rubber, at least one filler, at least one thermoplastic polymer, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is a poly alkylacrylate, and wherein the alkylacrylate comprises a polycyclic substituent at its single bonded oxygen atom. In another aspect of the invention, an article of manufacture such as a tire, a power transmission belt, a hose, a track, an air sleeve, and a conveyor belt is provided which comprises the rubber composition in accordance with the first aspect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tyre for bicycle wheels comprising a tread band containing an anti-puncture system capable of offering high resistance to the penetration of foreign bodies.

Abstract: Reinforcing layers each have a cord angle set to 25° or greater and 45° or less when a body is in a neutral state. When the body is loaded with a specified internal pressure, intermediate rubber layers disposed between adjacent sets in which cords of the reinforcing layers extend in an intersecting direction are shear-deformed, the cord angle increases approximately to a stable angle of repose, and the expanded body maintains a predetermined shape. In each of the sets being formed of two reinforcing layers layered adjacently, the cords of the reinforcing layers extend in an identical direction at the predetermined cord angle. Since substantially no shear force acts on the intermediate rubber layers disposed between the reinforcing layers, the resistance when expanding the body decreases. This provides a pneumatic fender that expands more smoothly and ensures a predetermined shape when a body is loaded with a specified internal pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polishing pad comprising a buffer sheet containing a pressure distribution sheet. The invention also relates to a polishing apparatus and a method for manufacturing a polishing pad.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polishing pad comprising a base sheet containing a restriction layer. The invention also relates to a polishing apparatus and a method for manufacturing a polishing pad.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes a tread, two circumferentially extending annular bead regions, a carcass structure, and an overlay ply. The tread is rotatable about an axis and contacts a road surface. The tread further has an equatorial plane intersecting the axis at 90°. The carcass structure extends between the tread and the bead regions. The carcass structure supports the tread about the axis. The carcass structure includes two or more carcass plies having reinforcing cords oriented to cross at opposite angles of 20° to 65° with respect to the equatorial plane. The overlay ply extends circumferentially and extends radially between the carcass structure and the tread. The overlay ply includes cords oriented between ?5° and +5° relative to the equatorial plane.

Abstract: Provided is a run-flat tire in which a side-reinforcing rubber is arranged on the inside of the carcass in the tire width direction on both sidewall portions. The carcass plies include cords made of a material having a heat shrinkage rate of 2% to 8% at 177° C., and the run-flat tire further includes a reinforcing cord layer which includes cords made of a material having a heat shrinkage rate of less than 2% at 177° C., the reinforcing cord layer being arranged on the outside of the side-reinforcing rubber in the tire width direction on both sidewall portions.

Abstract: A tire having a radial carcass reinforcement, composed of at least one layer of metal reinforcing elements, the said tire comprising a crown reinforcement, itself topped radially by a tread, the said tread being joined to two beads via two sidewalls. The metal reinforcing elements of at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement are cords exhibiting, in the “permeability” test, a flow rate of less than 20 cm3/min and at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement is provided, on at least one face, with textile threads and at least the layer of elastomeric mixture, radially external to the bead wire and in contact with the latter, is an elastomeric mixture based on natural rubber or on synthetic polyisoprene and on a reinforcing filler conferring high cohesion.

Abstract: A run-flat tire is provided with a reinforcing cord layer adjoining the radial carcass at least from the belt end to the maximum width portion of the tire side portion; the cord constituting the reinforcing cord layer is nylon 66 cord, cellulose fiber cord, PET cord, PEN cord or aramid/nylon 66 hybrid cord, and has a cord angle of less than 10° with respect to the tire radius direction; and the elastic modulus of the cord pulled out from the tire at a temperature of 25° C. under the conditions of a load of 3 N is not higher than 40 cN/dtex, and the thermal shrinkage stress ? (cN/dtex) at a temperature of 177° C. and the elastic modulus E (cN/dtex) at a temperature of 177° C. under the conditions of a load of 10 N satisfy the following conditions: ?+0.025E?0.36, 40?E?8, and ??0.05.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aircraft tire having a carcass structure capable of sufficiently satisfying recent demands for high pressure resistance without increase in tire weight. An aircraft tire 9 includes a pair of bead portions 2 and a carcass 4 made by stacking two or more carcass layers 3 composed of cords coated with rubber, which toroidally extend between the bead portions 2. Further, with respect to carcass layers 3 of the carcass 4 which are adjacent to each other, elongation at break of a widthwise outer carcass layer 3 is smaller than elongation at break of a widthwise inner carcass layer 3.

Abstract: A tire having a radial carcass reinforcement, including at least one layer of reinforcing elements, said tire comprising a crown reinforcement, which is itself covered radially with a tread, said tread being joined to two beads via two sidewalls, wherein at least 85% of the reinforcing elements of at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement are non-wrapped metal cords having in what is called the permeability test a flow rate of less than 20 cm3/min, and in that at least 5% of the reinforcing elements of said at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement are cords comprising at least one strand consisting of textile multifilament yarns.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a radial tire for a construction vehicle, wherein when a cylindrical band is formed by using one layer of carcass layer formed of steel cords in a band making step, a shape retaining layer formed of at least one layer of organic fiber cords is wrapped on the outer peripheral surface of the carcass layer so that the organic fiber cords cross the steel cords of the carcass layer. The radial tire having excellent uniformity without any uneven widening between the steel cords can be provided without using a shape retaining auxiliary apparatus.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has an axis of rotation. The pneumatic tire includes a carcass having at least one reinforced ply and a reinforcing structure proximal to a bead region of the pneumatic tire, a tread disposed radially outward of the carcass, and a belt structure disposed radially between the carcass and the tread. The reinforcing structure includes at least one layer of an open construction woven or knitted fabric having warp yarns extending in a circumferential direction and weft yarns of the carcass ply extending in a radial direction.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has an axis of rotation. The pneumatic tire includes a reinforced ply placed in a predetermined location on a toroidal surface, a tread disposed radially outward of the reinforced ply, and a belt structure disposed radially between the reinforced ply and the tread. The reinforced ply includes at least one layer of an open construction woven or knitted fabric having warp yarns extending in a circumferential direction and weft yarns extending in a radial direction.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire carcass having at least one ply of stabilizing fabric. The stabilizing fabric has a machine direction and a cross machine direction. A plurality of high tenacity reinforcing yarn elements are disposed in the cross-machine direction. A plurality of machine direction yarn elements of relatively lower tenacity than the reinforcing yarn elements are disposed in the machine direction. A segment of the stabilizing fabric is disposed within the carcass with the machine direction yarn elements being in substantial alignment with the direction of tire rotation and with the cross-machine direction oriented radially relative to the direction of tire rotation.

Abstract: An aircraft tire inflated to high pressure and including a tread and a crown reinforcement in the form of composite textile cables which form at least one twin ply of two layers of crossed elements obtained by winding, in a zigzag around a cylindrical support and from one edge of the crown reinforcement to the other, a strip of at least one reinforcement until the two layers of crossed elements form angles of opposing directions of between 8° and 30° with the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has a single carcass ply, at least one belt ply disposed radially outward of the carcass ply in a crown portion of the tire, and at least one insert located adjacent the carcass ply in a sidewall portion, the insert providing support for the tire load to enable the tire to operate in underinflated conditions. The carcass ply is comprised of at least one composite cord. The composite cord is formed of at least two first yarns twisted helically about at least one second yarn. The first yarns and the second yarn having different modulus of elasticity, the first yarns having a modulus greater than the modulus of the second yarn.

Abstract: In the pneumatic radial tire of the present invention, a total strength K0 of a belt layer 20 in a circumferential direction of the tire per unit of width at a tire equator surface position P0 is set greater than a total strength of the belt layer 20 in the circumferential direction of the tire per unit of width at a width position P2 corresponding to ? of a maximum width of the belt layer having the tire equator surface CL as a center.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for use on aircraft has a tread, a crown reinforcement, and a radial carcass reinforcement having at least one axially inner ply of textile cords wound around a pair of bead cores, at least one axially inner ply being wound around the bead core in each bead from inside to the outside forming outside turn-ups and at least one axially outer ply of textile cords extending from bead to bead along the turn-ups of the at least one axially inner ply. The at least one axially inner ply or at least one axially outer ply has merged cords having a percent elongation at break of 12% to less than 20% and a break strength greater than 1050 N with a linear density of greater than 9,000 dtex. Merged cord reinforcement is preferably used in the ply layers or strips of the crown reinforcement as well.

Abstract: A pneumatic rubber tire containing at least one electrically conductive cord extending between its bead and tread portions to provide a path of least electrical resistance. The electrically conductive cord is comprised of at least one electrically conductive metal filament spirally wound around a centrally disposed core of at least one organic fiber. The electrically conductive cord does not extend to, and is exclusive of, an outer surface of the tire.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pneumatic rubber tire which contains at least one electrically conductive cord extending from an external outer surface of its wheel-rim mounting surface rubber component to an internal electrically conductive tread base layer rubber component to provide a path of least electrical resistance, namely an electrically conductive path, between the outer tire wheel-rim mounting surface and the internal tire tread base layer. The electrically conductive cord is comprised of at least one electrically conductive metal filament (e.g. metal filament, carbon fiber or combination of metal filament and carbon fiber) spirally wound around a centrally disposed core of at least one organic fiber.

Abstract: A carcass 7 includes first and second carcass plies 9 and 10. The first carcass ply 9 has a body portion 9A extending from a tread portion 2 to a bead core 5 through a sidewall portion 3, and a wound up portion 9B which is folded back from inside to outside around the bead core 5. The body portion 9A is provided with the wound up portion 9B. The second carcass ply 10 includes an inserting portion 10B2 which passes between a wound up portion 9B and the body portion 9A of the first carcass ply 9 from the tread portion 2 through the sidewall portion 3. The inserting portion 10B2 enters a bead apex 6 and is terminated therein.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes a body having a plurality of main body cords. The tire includes an upper section above the maximum section width and a lower section below the maximum section width. The modulus of the body cords is configured to be larger in the lower section than in the upper section. This modulus ratio decreases the rolling resistance of the tire. The increased modulus in the lower section is achieved by providing intermediate body cords disposed between the main body cords. In another embodiment, the increased modulus is achieved by changing the material and/or size of the cords in the lower section.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire, comprising a carcass having a carcass ply_(6a) with a folded part (6b) folded up around a bead core (5) from the axial inside to the axial outside of the tire continuously fitted to a ply body part (6a) installed across the bead cores (5) and (5), wherein the intermediate elongation (Es) of a carcass cord in the ply body part (6a) at the maximum width position (M) is smaller than the intermediate elongation (Eb) thereof at the height position (B) of the bead core at the radial outermost end of the tire.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass ply of cords extending between bead portions through a tread portion and sidewall portions, the carcass cords include main cords for reinforcing purpose and auxiliary cords for controlling the outflow of topping rubber during vulcanization, the main cords and auxiliary cords are arranged alternately in the tire circumferential direction, and the number of auxiliary cord(s) between the main cords is in a range of from one to three.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire wherein both end portions of at least one layer of a carcass layer are turned up around right and left bead cores from the inside to the outside of the tire, and at least two layers of belt layers formed by arranging reinforcing cords in such a fashion that their inclining directions with respect to a tire circumferential direction cross one another in mutually opposite directions between the layers are disposed on the outer circumferential side of the carcass layer of a tread portion. A carcass strength coefficient K defined by the formula (1) in the specification is 0.15 to 0.35 N/mm·kPa at portions on the tread portion center side of positions P which are away by 10% of a belt width of a belt layer having the second greatest width from both edges thereof towards its inside, and is 0.5 N/mm·kPa at portions from the positions P to the bead portions.

Abstract: A bias tire comprises a tread portion, a pair of sidewall portions, a pair of bead portions each with a bead core therein, a carcass extending between the bead portions and comprising two cross plies of cords, and a tread rubber disposed radially outside a crown portion of the carcass to define a tread face, wherein the loss tangent of the tread rubber is in a range of 0.40 to 0.60 under a temperature of 50 deg.C., the distance between the tread rubber and the adjacent cords of the radially outermost carcass ply is at most 1.0 mm, and the two cross plies include at least one ply of PEN cords made of polyethylene 2,6 naphthalate fibers twisted together.

Abstract: A tire (10) has a composite ply (40). The composite ply (40) has a primary ply (40A) reinforced with parallel inextensible cords (41) and a pair of ply extensions (40B) having synthetic cords (43). The method of manufacturing the tire (10) is described. The tire (10) can be made as a runflat type tire.

Abstract: The tire (70) of the invention incorporates a carcass ply cord material (93) with variable modulus of elasticity to provide an active sidewall structure (82a, 82b). The variable modulus cord material is incorporated in the axially outwardmost ply (90) of a carcass (80) having two plies (88, 90) separated by elastomeric inserts (89a, 89b) in the sidewalls (82a, 82b). The outer ply cord material (93) provides an increased modulus of elasticity with an increase in elongation. The inner ply cords (91) have a modulus that substantially exceeds that of the outer ply cords (93) under normal loads in the inflated mode. Thus, the inner ply (88) dominates the structural response of the sidewalls (82a, 82b) at normal loads in the inflated mode. Under severe sidewall deflection, such as when the tire is uninflated, the outer ply cord (93) is elongated, increasing its modulus of elasticity and thus, shifting the load from the axially inwardmost ply (88) to the axially outwardmost ply (90).

Abstract: A hybrid steel cord and method of making such cord which includes, in contact with one or more carbon steel wire(s), at least one stainless steel wire whose microstructure contains less than 20% of martensite (% by volume). Articles made of plastic and/or rubber, in particular tire envelopes or the carcass reinforcement plies of such envelopes embodying such cords.

Abstract: A bias tire comprises a tread portion, a pair of sidewall portions, a pair of bead portions each with a bead core therein, a carcass extending between the bead portions and comprising two cross plies of cords, and a tread rubber disposed radially outside a crown portion of the carcass to define a tread face, wherein the loss tangent of the tread rubber is in a range of 0.40 to 0.60 under a temperature of 50 deg.C., the distance between the tread rubber and the adjacent cords of the radially outermost carcass ply is at most 1.0 mm, and the two cross plies include at least one ply of PEN cords made of polyethylene 2,6 naphthalate fibers twisted together.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes a body having a plurality of main body cords. The tire includes an upper section above the maximum section width and a lower section below the maximum section width. The modulus of the body cords is configured to be larger in the lower section than in the upper section. This modulus ratio decreases the rolling resistance of the tire. The increased modulus in the lower section is achieved by providing intermediate body cords disposed between the main body cords. In another embodiment, the increased modulus is achieved by changing the material and/or size of the cords in the lower section.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has a sidewall rubber insert axially inward of at least one carcass ply. Such insert may, for example, be an apex extending radially outward from the bead core region of the tire into the sidewall. Alternatively, it may be positioned higher in the sidewall portion of the tire and away from the bead core. Such insert is a rubber composition containg a dispersion of an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene and a dispersion of a starch composite.

Abstract: A two-ply radial runflat tire having a belt structure, a ply structure, two inextensible beads and two wedge-insert reinforced sidewalls. The outer ply is reinforced by high-modulus, light-weight aramid. The aramid reinforcement material of the outer ply is clamped around the beads. The outer ply is prestressed in tension during manufacture of the tire. The resultant tire is light in weight and resists upward buckling of the tread during runflat operation.

Abstract: A tire structure includes a breaker composed of nylon and kevlar, and a tread is attached on an outside of the breaker. The breaker includes two sidewalls which are formed by the nylon and kevlar woven alternatively with each other at an angle.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass ply of cords extending between bead portions through a tread portion and sidewall portions, the carcass cords include main cords for reinforcing purpose and auxiliary cords for controlling the outflow of topping rubber during vulcanization, the main cords and auxiliary cords are arranged alternately in the tire circumferential direction, and the number of auxiliary cord(s) between the main cords is in a range of from one to three.

Abstract: A tire having a radial carcass reinforcement covered radially on the outside by a crown reinforcement consisting of two working plies of reinforcement elements crossed over and making angles of between 10° and 45° with respect to the circumferential direction, the carcass reinforcement in its portion underneath the crown reinforcement being formed of cut reinforcement elements.

Abstract: A high transverse-curvature tire for two-wheeled vehicles includes a carcass structure, a belt structure, and a tread. The carcass structure includes at least two superimposed plies provided with reinforcing cords. The belt structure includes radially-outer and radially-inner layers. The reinforcing cords of each ply are essentially parallel to other reinforcing cords of that ply and are oriented along directions inclined with respect to an equatorial plane of the tire. The reinforcing cords of at least two adjacent superimposed plies are oriented in opposite directions with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire. The carcass structure includes at least one first sheet, located between the at least two superimposed plies, made of an elastomeric material incorporating fibrous reinforcing fillers. The radially-inner layer includes at least one second sheet made of an elastomeric material incorporating fibrous reinforcing fillers.

Abstract: A passenger tire having a tread, a casing with two sidewalls, one or more radial plies extending from and wrapped about two annular beads and a belt reinforcement structure located radially between the tread and the piles. The tread has a central rib with a first contour-defining curve extending outwards from the mid centerline of the tire towards the sidewalls and a pair of side ribs each having a second contour-defining curve disposed between the central rib and the sidewalls. The first and second contour-defining curves each have first and second radii disposed such that the meeting point of first and second adjacent contour-defining curves cannot contain a single line that is mutually tangential to the first and second adjacent contour-defining curves.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire wherein both end portions of at least one layer of a carcass layer are turned up around right and left bead cores from the inside to the outside of the tire, and at least two layers of belt layers formed by arranging reinforcing cords in such a fashion that their inclining directions with respect to a tire circumferential direction cross one another in mutually opposite directions between the layers are disposed on the outer circumferential side of the carcass layer of a tread portion. A carcass strength coefficient K defined by the formula (1) in the specification is 0.15 to 0.35 N/mm·kPa at portions on the tread portion center side of positions P which are away by 10% of a belt width of a belt layer having the second greatest width from both edges thereof towards its inside, and is 0.5 N/mm·kPa at portions from the positions P to the bead portions.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire for passenger car comprises a radial carcass comprised of at least one rubberized carcass ply containing organic fiber cords therein, and a belt comprised of plural belt layers, wherein at least one carcass ply has a cut-out zone in its crown portion and a carcass supporting layer is arranged adjacent to the cut-out zone.

Abstract: A motorcycle tire comprises a carcass composed of a low-modulus layer disposed along the inside of the tire and a high-modulus layer disposed outside thereof, the high-modulus layer comprising a high-modulus ply, and the low-modulus layer comprising a low-modulus ply. Preferably, the cords of each ply are inclined at a bias angle of from 20 to 50 degrees with respect to the tire equator so that the carcass has a bias structure. The low-modulus layer is composed of two low-modulus plies of low-modulus cords extending between bead portions through a tread portion and sidewall portions and turned up around a bead core disposed in each bead portion. The high-modulus layer is composed of a single high-modulus ply of high-modulus cords extending between the sidewall portions through the tread portion and terminated at a position radially outward of the bead cores but radially inward of the maximum width position of the carcass.

Abstract: A runflat radial ply pneumatic tire 10 has a carcass 30 which has a pair of sidewalls 20, each sidewall being reinforced with at least two sidewall fillers or runflat inserts 42, 46 and at least two cord reinforced plies 38, 40 and a bead core 26. The tire has one or more reinforcing belts 36. Each sidewall has at least one ply 38 or 40 reinforced with cords, the cords have a modulus E of X, X being at least 10 GPa. At least one ply has a turnup end 32 wrapped around the bead core 26. A first ply 38 or 40 is reinforced with substantially inextensible cords having a modulus E greater than X of the cords of the other ply. The second ply 38 or 40 is spaced from the first ply 38 or 40 by the second filler or runflat insert in the sidewall 20.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire comprises a carcass comprising an outer carcass ply made of cords having a first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1 and an inner carcass ply is made of cords having a second heat-shrinkage-percentage K2 different from the first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1, and the cord tension of the inner carcass ply is smaller than the cord tension of the outer carcass ply. A method of making the tire comprises steps of making the outer carcass ply of cords having a first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1, making the inner carcass ply of cords having a second heat-shrinkage-percentage K2, wherein the first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1 at 150 degrees C. is 120 to 160% of the second heat-shrinkage-percentage K2 at 150 degrees C., and heating and vulcanizing a raw tire to heat-shrink the outer carcass ply cords in a larger degree than the inner carcass ply.

Abstract: An elastomeric composite structure 45 having two arrays of parallel cords 41, 43, each array of cords 41,43 being of different modulus or percent elongation. The array of cords 41,43 are spaced and provide different bending stiffness dependent on the direction of the applied load.

Abstract: A runflat radial ply pneumatic tire 10 has a carcass 30 which has a pair of sidewalls 20, each sidewall being reinforced with at least two sidewall fillers or runflat inserts 42, 46 and at least two cord reinforced plies 38, 40 and a bead core 26. The tire has one or more reinforcing belts 36. Each sidewall has at least one ply 38 or 40 reinforced with cords, the cords have a modulus E of X, X being at least 10 GPa. At least one ply has a turnup end 32 wrapped around the bead core 26. A second ply 38 or 40 is reinforced with substantially inextensible cords having a modulus E greater than X of the cords of the other ply. The second ply 38 or 40 is spaced from the first ply 38 or 40 by the second filler or runflat insert in the sidewall 20.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass ply made of organic fiber cords extending continuously from one edge to the other and turned up around bead cores to form a pair of turned-up portions and a main portion disposed therebetween, the carcass cords having a difference in elongation percentage, wherein the difference Ea-Eb of the elongation percentage Ea in the main portion from the elongation percentage Eb in the turned-up portions is in the range of from 0.5% to 2.0%.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire comprises a carcass comprising an outer carcass ply made of cords having a first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1 and an inner carcass ply is made of cords having a second heat-shrinkage-percentage K2 different from the first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1, and the cord tension of the inner carcass ply is smaller than the cord tension of the outer carcass ply. A method of making the tire comprises steps of making the outer carcass ply of cords having a first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1, making the inner carcass ply of cords having a second heat-shrinkage-percentage K2, wherein the first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1 at 150 degrees C. is 120 to 160% of the second heat-shrinkage-percentage K2 at 150 degrees C., and heating and vulcanizing a raw tire to heat-shrink the outer carcass ply cords in a larger degree than the inner carcass ply.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a toroidal carcass ply composed of cords arranged radially at the same angle to the tire equator and extending continuously between the bead portions through the tread portion and sidewall portion, and the carcass ply is increased in thickness partially in at least a tire shoulder portion. A method of making the tire comprises a step of heating a raw tire, wherein a raw carcass ply is composed of cords having at least two different heat-shrinkage-percentages.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire comprises a carcass comprising an outer carcass ply made of cords having a first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1 and an inner carcass ply is made of cords having a second heat-shrinkage-percentage K2 different from the first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1, and the cord tension of the inner carcass ply is smaller than the cord tension of the outer carcass ply. A method of making the tire comprises steps of making the outer carcass ply of cords having a first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1, making the inner carcass ply of cords having a second heat-shrinkage-percentage K2, wherein the first heat-shrinkage-percentage K1 at 150 degrees C. is 120 to 160% of the second heat-shrinkage-percentage K2 at 150 degrees C., and heating and vulcanizing a raw tire to heat-shrink the outer carcass ply cords in a larger degree than the inner carcass ply.