Abstract: Binders to produce or promote cohesion in non or loosely assembled matter.

Abstract: A method of binding leaves or other organic debris utilizing an adhesive composition comprising a water soluble or dispersible polymer. The method includes the step of coating upwardly facing leaves and/or other organic debris with an adhesive composition to bond them together into larger sections. The adhesive composition includes an anti-slip additive to counter slipperiness of the pile when wet.

Abstract: A system for heat-sealing thermoplastic conduits involves a thermoplastic sleeve surrounding an electrically conductive heating wire arranged in a coil. A bridging conductor is located adjacent the heating element, but is separated from it by an insulation layer of predetermined thickness. When the sleeve is heated by supplying electric power to the heating element, the entire heating element generates heat during a first phase in which fusion pressure is applied between the sleeve and pipes being connected. The bridging connector is forced into contact with selected coils of the heating element to initiate a second phase. In the second phase, the heat produced in the area of the selected coils is automatically reduced by short circuiting such coils.

Abstract: A process and chemical composition for laminating a photograph or lithograph onto canvas are disclosed whereby the resulting product appears similar to an oil painting, as well as providing improved depth. The process involves stripping a photograph or lithograph from a substantial portion of its backing, followed by application of the chemical composition to the photograph. The chemical composition includes a surfactant and an optical brightener such as a fluorescent whitening agent, and can include a sensitizer and stabilizer. The treated photograph or lithograph is then bonded to a textured backing at elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A process and chemical composition for laminating a photograph or lithograph onto canvas are disclosed whereby the resulting product appears similar to an oil painting, as well as providing improved depth. The process involves stripping a photograph or lithograph from a substantial portion of its backing, followed by application of the chemical composition to the photograph. The chemical composition includes a surfactant and an optical brightener such as a fluorescent whitening agent, and can include a sensitizer and stabilizer. The treated photograph or lithograph is then bonded to a textured backing at elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: Sheet-like material, such as wallpaper, posters or labels, can be stripped dry from surfaces to which they have been bonded after adhesive layers (applied in an aqueous medium) have dried. Adhesives which contain film-forming, water-soluble or water-swellable polymers are used. Separate layers containing two different adhesive polymers, particularly polysaccharide derivatives, are provided between the sheet-like material and the surface to which it is to be bonded, one of the two layers containing at least one non-ionic polymer and the other containing at least one ionic polymer. The invention includes the use of these adhesives (containing different film-forming, water-soluble or water-swellable polymers) in preparing dry-strippable sheet-like material and sheet-like material, such as wallpaper, posters or labels, having adhesive layers which can be reactivated by moistening with water and which comprise these adhesives.

Abstract: Reticle patterns are formed upon a chrome-coated plate by means of forming a resist pattern upon the surface of the chrome having a predetermined thickness at which resonant absorption phenomenon occurs and a maximum rate of development is achieved. The resist layer should comply with the relationship ##EQU1## where .lambda. is representative of the chosen wavelength of the light source used to expose the resist, n is representative of the index of refraction of the resist for that chosen wavelength, and k is an integer ranging from 0 to 4. Resists with such thicknesses establish stationary wave phenomena in order to permit use of very thin resist layers. The value of k should preferably be one, for a resist thickness of about 1800 A where n equals 1.63 and .lambda. is about 4050 A for xenon lamps. The resist is then exposed by a pattern generator, developed, and a positive or negative pattern is formed by means of etching or a lift-off technique, respectively.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of lignocellulosic composite using urea-formaldehyde adhesive is described characterized by treating the lignocellulosic constituents with ammonium-base lignosulfonate prior to pressing to decrease the emission of formaldehyde.