Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system, apparatus, and method for a cooling water spray pattern for a direct chill casting mold, and more particularly, to a spiral water spray pattern for a direct chill billet casting mold. An example direct chill casting mold includes a mold body defining a mold cavity there through; and a plurality of spray jets arranged proximate an exit of the mold cavity, wherein the plurality of spray jets are angled with respect to the mold cavity such that streams of fluid exiting the plurality of spray jets impinge upon a casting exiting the mold cavity at an angle offset from a centerline of the casting.

Abstract: A crystallizer copper plate and a continuous casting crystallizer. The crystallizer copper plate is provided with a metal continuous casting die surface and a rear-side cooling fixed surface. The fixed surface is provided with fixing screw holes in a vertical column connected to a fixed water tank or an adapter backplate and mesas forming the surrounding of the screw holes. Reinforced bars are connected between multiple mesas of each column. Cooling channels lower than the fixed surface are provided between any two adjacent two columns of fixing screw holes. Flow-diverting cooling bars are provided at the middle of meniscus regions of the cooling channels. Either the top end or the bottom end of the flow-diverting cooling bar is a cone used for altering the direction of movement of a cooling medium.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for cooling a metallic material has at least one cooling beam with a plurality of coolant application elements for applying the metallic material with a coolant. In order to be able to adapt such known cooling apparatuses even more precisely to different temperature distributions across the width of the metallic material to be cooled the density of the cross-sectional areas of the outlet openings of the coolant application elements in the width direction y of the cooling beam be distributed or dimensioned according to the amount of the slope of the distribution of the temperature T(y) of the metallic material across its width before the inlet under the cooling beam. A method for cooling a metallic material so includes determining a temperature distribution of the metallic material to be cooled and producing or selecting a cooling beam to match the temperature distribution of the metallic material.

Abstract: A mould plate includes a casting side and a rear side facing away from the casting side and having a cooling channel configured to open towards the rear side and having a cooling face opposite the casting side. An insert is arranged in the cooling channel to form a cooling gap between an inner face of the insert and the cooling face. A fastening bolt connects the insert to a fastening point in the cooling face, wherein the cooling gap extends, viewed from the fastening point towards the casting side, to an area below the fastening point.

Abstract: A titanium slab is appropriate for hot rolling, is produced by electron beam melting furnace, has superior linearity so that it can be fed into a hot rolling machine without performing breaking down process or other subsequent correcting process after production, and has good structure having no cracks at the corner parts. A process for production thereof is also provided. The titanium slab is directly produced by a mold of an electron beam melting furnace, and has the deformation of not more than 5 mm for the thickness direction versus the longitudinal direction and deformation of not more than 2.5 mm for the width direction versus the longitudinal direction, both per a length of 1000 mm of the slab. The process for production of this titanium slab for hot rolling has a step of using an electron beam melting furnace in which its rectangular mold has mold walls of a long side and mold walls of a short side, and a step of pouring molten metal from one of the mold walls of a short side.

Abstract: The present invention provides a titanium slab for hot rolling which can be fed into a general purpose hot-rolling mill for producing strip coil, without passage through a breakdown process such as blooming or a straightening process, and can further suppress surface defect occurrence of the hot-rolled strip coil, and a method of producing and a method of rolling the same, characterized in that in the cast titanium slab an angle ? formed by the crystal growth direction (solidification direction) from the surface layer toward the interior and a direction parallel to the slab casting direction (longitudinal direction) is 45 to 90°, and moreover, there is a surface layer structure of 10 mm or greater whose ? is 70 to 90°, and further characterized in that a crystal grain layer of 10 mm or greater is formed whose C-axis direction inclination of a titanium ? phase is, as viewed from the side of the slab to be hot rolled, in the range of 35 to 90° from the normal direction of the surface to be hot rolled.

Abstract: Mold assemblies for forming shaped glass articles are disclosed herein. According to one embodiment, a mold assembly may include a mold body including a mold cavity, a support base, and a plenum body extending between the mold body and the support base. When the mold assembly is heated to an average temperature of greater than or equal to about 650° C. by an overhead heating source, the temperature at the center of the mold cavity may be less than at the perimeter of the mold cavity. The difference between the temperature at the center of the mold cavity and the temperature at the perimeter of the mold cavity may be at least about 12° C.

Abstract: A mold (2) has a cooling means (21) for having the thermal flux at four corner sections (2a) be smaller than the thermal flux at four face sections (2b). The cooling means (21) has first channels (22a) which are each embedded in the four corner sections (2a) respectively and which channel cooling water, and second channels (22b) which are each embedded in the four face sections (2b) respectively and which channel cooling water. The distance from the inner peripheral surface of the mold (2) to the first channels (22a) is greater than the distance from the inner peripheral surface of the mold (2) to the second channels (22b).

Abstract: This invention discloses an L,R,C method and equipment for casting amorphous, ultracrystallite and crystallite metal slabs or other shaped metals. A workroom (8) with a constant temperature of tb=?190° C. and a constant pressure of pb=1 bar, and liquid nitrogen of ?190° C. and 1.877 bar is used as a cold source for cooling the casting blank. A liquid nitrogen ejector (5) ejects said liquid nitrogen to the surface of ferrous or non-ferrous metallic slabs or other shaped metals (7) with various ejection quantity v and various jet velocity k. Ejected liquid nitrogen comes into contact with the casting blank at cross section c shown in FIG. 2. This method adopts ultra thin film ejection technology, with a constant thickness of said film at 2 mm and ejection speed Kmax of said liquid nitrogen at 30 m/s.

Abstract: Crystallizer for continuous casting, having a monolithic structure defined by lateral walls in the thickness of which channels (11) are made in which a cooling liquid flows. The channels (11) are geometrically sized so as to define, in a zone substantially astride the meniscus (M), an increased transit speed of the cooling liquid, wherein by increased speed it is intended that in at least some of the cooling channels (11) the speed of transit of the cooling liquid is greater in the zone astride the meniscus (M) compared with a zone below or above said zone astride the meniscus (M).

Abstract: A continuous casting device including at least a crystallizer suitable for casting a metal product, and a plurality of guide and containing segments with rolls, the function of which is to accompany the cast product exiting from the crystallizer. The device includes, an extension of or in an intermediate position to one or more of the guide and containing segments with rolls, one or more guide and containing segments of the mixed type with panels and rolls, each including one or more guide rolls disposed on at least one side of the product and insulated and/or reflecting and/or heated panels disposed on the opposite side of the product, so as to reduce the loss of temperature of the cast product in transit.

Abstract: Devices may be in contact with molten metals such as copper, for example. The devices may include, but are not limited to, a die used for producing articles made from the molten metal, a sensor for determining an amount of a dissolved gas in the molten metal, or an ultrasonic device for reducing gas content (e.g., hydrogen) in the molten metal. Niobium may be used as a protective barrier for the devices when they are exposed to the molten metals.

Abstract: An apparatus for direct casting of strip from a pool of molten metal includes a tundish having a feed chamber, a return chamber and a diverting chamber. A lip insert is inserted into the tundish and has an open front for cooperation with a casting surface. The apparatus includes means for controlling the surface level of the pool of molten metal in the diverting chamber and in the lip insert, and means for moving the casting surface upwardly through the pool of molten metal for the casting of metal on the casting surface. The casting surface is an aluminum surface of a cylindrical drum and has a coarse irregular surface formed thereon by biasing with crushed, angular silicon carbide or aluminum silicate.

Abstract: With a continuous casting method for producing preliminary profiles, in particular double T preliminary profiles, the downwardly flowing cooling water is pushed out of the internal curve of the preliminary profile strand (3) via the profile flanges and discharged using water nozzles (21, 22) aligned substantially to the crossover from the bar (4) to the respective flange (5, 6) by means of the diverting water delivered via the water nozzles (21, 22). In this way the excessive cooling caused by downwardly running cooling water is largely avoided in the internal curve of the preliminary profile strand.

Abstract: Crystallizer for continuous casting, having a monolithic tubular structure defined by lateral walls (12) in the thickness of which channels (11) are made in which a cooling liquid flows, wherein two adjacent lateral walls (12) define a corner or s edge zone. On at least one longitudinal portion (C) of at least one of the lateral walls (12) and/or of at least one of the corner zones, defining a zone in correspondence with which, during use, the meniscus of the liquid metal is located, a reduction in thickness (13) is made, starting from the external surface, determining a cross section with a reduced area with respect to the remaining longitudinal portions of the monolithic tubular structure.

Abstract: Crystallizer for continuous casting, having a monolithic structure defined by lateral walls in the thickness of which channels (11) are made in which a cooling liquid flows. The channels (11) are geometrically sized so as to define, in a zone substantially astride the meniscus (M), an increased transit speed of the cooling liquid, wherein by increased speed it is intended that in at least some of the cooling channels (11) the speed of transit of the cooling liquid is greater in the zone astride the meniscus (M) compared with a zone below or above said zone astride the meniscus (M).

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a method and apparatus for continuously casting a metal slab. The method involves continuously introducing molten metal into an inlet of a casting cavity defined between advancing casting surfaces, cooling the metal in the cavity to form a metal slab, and discharging the slab from the cavity through an outlet. The casting surfaces have an ability to remove heat from the metal but this ability is reduced, thus reducing heat flux, for at least one of the casting surfaces in a region of the cavity spaced from both the inlet and the outlet and extending transversely to the casting direction. This reduced ability to remove heat is relative to such ability of the casting surface in immediately adjacent upstream and downstream regions of the cavity. The apparatus may be a twin belt caster or other form of continuous caster modified to perform the method.

Abstract: A method of providing a mould with a conformal cooling passage includes rough machining a mould cavity generally corresponding to a moulded part shape using CAD data. Conformal cooling slots are cut in the mould cavity using the CAD data. The conformal cooling slots are welded shut using the CAD data to provide conformal cooling passages. A class A surface is machined over the conformal cooling passage and corresponds to a finished mould part shape using the CAD data.

Abstract: In a twin roll continuous caster, the contour of the strip cast is controlled during casting by regulating the temperature of temperature-regulating medium circulated through temperature-regulating passages in the casting rolls spaced inward of cooling passages in the circumferential portion adjacent the casting surfaces. The temperature-regulating passages may be positioned in the circumferential portion or in the inner portion of the casting rolls, or both.

Abstract: This invention discloses an L,R,C method and equipment for casting amorphous, ultracrystallite and crystallite metal slabs or other shaped metals. A workroom (8) with a constant temperature of tb=?190° C. and a constant pressure of pb=1 bar, and liquid nitrogen of ?190° C. and 1.877 bar is used as a cold source for cooling the casting blank. A liquid nitrogen ejector (5) ejects said liquid nitrogen to the surface of ferrous or non-ferrous metallic slabs or other shaped metals (7) with various ejection quantity v and various jet velocity k. Ejected liquid nitrogen comes into contact with the casting blank at cross section c shown in FIG. 2. This method adopts ultra thin film ejection technology, with a constant thickness of said film at 2 mm and ejection speed Kmax of said liquid nitrogen at 30 m/s.

Abstract: In a twin roll continuous caster, the contour of the strip cast is controlled during casting by regulating the temperature of temperature-regulating medium circulated through temperature-regulating passages in the casting rolls spaced inward of cooling passages in the circumferential portion adjacent the casting surfaces. The temperature-regulating passages may be positioned in the circumferential portion or in the inner portion of the casting rolls, or both.

Abstract: A method and system for eliminating near-surface porosity and surface tear defects in metal castings. The system includes a complex casting mold having at least one core pin or other regions susceptible to new surface porosity and surface tears. The system further includes a copper rod fused internally to the core pin to extract heat from a molten metal introduced in the mold. The copper rod extracts heat at a low thermal flux, preventing near surface porosity and surface tears. Moreover, the copper rod extracts heat from the hotter regions of the casting causing it to solidify at a rate comparable to the rate of solidification of other portions of the casting, thereby allowing uniform solidification of the casting.

Abstract: A continuous casting mold includes mold plates which enclose the casting cross section and in which cooling channels extend. The mold plates are connectable to a water box by screw elements which are formed by fastening bolts having a threaded shank which is screwable into fastening threads located in the mold plate. To achieve a uniform cooling in a continuous casting mold, the fastening threads are arranged such that their center longitudinal axes extend between two adjacent coolant channels of the plurality of cooling channels. The diameter of each threaded bore hole of the fastening threads is greater than the distance between the two adjacent cooling channels, and each bore hole of the fastening threads ends at a distance from the floor of the plurality of cooling channels to define the screw-in depth of the fastening bolts.

Abstract: A coolant or wiper control system for use in continuous casting mold for controlling and managing the coolants interaction with the castpart during casting. In some aspects of the process, the wiper framework is started sufficiently away from the bottom block so as not to interfere or cause/allow coolant to get into the bottom block; is then rapidly moved back to the emerging castpart during transient heat-up; and then moved away from the mold with the solidified castpart at a controlled rate to a predetermined steady state position or to a second transitory state of the casting.

Abstract: A thermal management system for use in continuous casting mold for controlling and managing the thermal characteristics of the mold above the direct chill zone, more particularly controlling the thermal characteristics in the corner portions of the castpart compared to other portions of the castpart.

Abstract: There is provided a twin-belt casting machine which prevents an uneven cooling condition between the top surface and the bottom surface of a slab between a pair of endless belts disposed vertically. The twin-belt casting machine 1 comprises a pair of rotating belt units 3 including respective endless belts 2 and arranged up and down so as to face each other, a cavity 4 formed between the pair of rotating belt units 3, and cooling means 10 which is arranged inside the rotating belt unit 3. The twin-belt casting machine 1 continuously casts a slab S as a metal liquid is supplied in the cavity 4. The twin-belt casting machine 1 further comprises distance adjusting means which is arranged inside at least one of the pair of rotating belt units arranged up and down so as to face each other, and which moves apart or closer the endless belt relative to the slab S in accordance with a part where the slab and the endless belt become distant from each other.

Abstract: A method for continuous casting from molten metal, where metal flows vertically downward from a mold and the metal strip is then guided vertically downward along a vertical strand guide, cooling as it moves. The strip is then deflected from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction. In the terminal area of the deflection of the strip into the horizontal direction or after the deflection into the horizontal direction, a mechanical deformation of the strip is carried out. The strip is cooled at a heat-transfer coefficient of 3,000 to 10,000 W/(m2 K) in a first section downstream of the mold and upstream of the mechanical deformation of the strip. In a second section, downstream of the cooling, the surface of the strip is heated to a temperature above Ac3 or Ar3 by heat equalization in the strip, after which the mechanical deformation is carried out in a third section.

Abstract: A mold for the continuous casting of blooms, slabs or billets is provided with a mold tube (2) and a supporting shell (4) surrounding said mold tube. The mold tube (2) is supported by support profiles (15) on the supporting shell (4) extending in its longitudinal direction and distributed over the periphery and is positively connected thereto via connecting profiles (20) extending in the longitudinal direction. The connecting profiles (20) are respectively configured as profile strips (21, 22) outwardly projecting from the outer periphery of the mold tube (2) and inwardly projecting from the inner periphery of the supporting shell (4), which engage in one another such that in the peripheral direction of the mold a clearance is present. As a result, the stresses, permanent deformation and fatigue cracks produced by the thermal expansion in the mold tube are substantially avoided.

Abstract: A continuous-casting mold has an inner mold tube having a plurality of side walls formed with coolant passages and a plurality of profiles extending longitudinally on each of the side walls and each formed with a respective plurality of longitudinally spaced undercut grooves. An outer jacket surrounds the mold tube. Respective connectors each have a base generally complementarily fitting in a respective one of the grooves and a tubular and internally threaded body projecting outward from the respective base. Respective screws engage from outside through the jacket into the bodies.

Abstract: Methods and associated apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots are described. In one embodiment a method for the semi-continuous casting of a metallic hollow ingot is provided. The method includes providing a mold that includes a mold center having an inner pipe and an outer pipe arranged to form an annular space for a cooling media and an outer mold, circulating a cooling media in the annular space, feeding a source material to the mold, heating the source material to produce a molten material, moving the mold center progressively downward relative to the outer mold, and solidifying the molten material to form a hollow ingot. Embodiments relating to an apparatus for semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots, and products resulting from the semi-continuous casting of hollow ingots are also described.

Abstract: Oscillating table for blooms or billets production plants, comprising pairs of bars, lying on at least one horizontal plane, which constitute the elastic support elements of the mold, thus permitting an optimal guidance of the oscillation thereof exclusively in the casting direction, said pairs of bars constituting a tie rod-strut system working in bending that confers to the table very high torsional and lateral stiffness. It allows a high precision in guiding mold thus consenting it wide oscillations in the axial casting direction only.

Abstract: A secondary cooling apparatus capable of gradually cooling cast thin pieces and a cast apparatus that uses it are provided. A comb tooth-shaped device is arranged inside a vessel of the secondary cooling apparatus; the cast thin pieces are piled on the comb tooth-shaped device; and crushed small pieces are placed thereon. After the cast thin pieces and the crushed small pieces are gradually cooled, the cast thin pieces are crushed by a pressing device. The crushed small pieces are rapidly cooled by being in contact with a surface of a bottom wall and side faces of cooling teeth. Nd-rich phases or R-rich phases can be annealed by the gradual cooling, and after the crushed small pieces are rapidly cooled to its oxidation temperature or below, the crushed small pieces can be taken out to the air atmosphere.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled permanent chill mold for the continuous casting of metals, including a permanent chill mold plate (2) made of copper or a copper alloy and an adapter plate (3), on which the permanent chill mold plates (2) are fastened via fastening bolts (12). The permanent chill mold plates (3) are coupled to the adapter plates (3) via sheet metal holders (19) situated in their top regions and base regions (20, 21), in addition to via the fastening bolts (12).

Abstract: Provided is a crystalliser holding device for billets, blooms and slabs production plants that has a high constructive simplicity, a significantly reduced overall weight and that reduces substantially to zero the need for maintenance. The crystalliser holding device of the invention, in addition to efficaciously guaranteeing the transfer toward the exterior of the heat of the liquid steel introduced into the tubular crystalliser contained therein, also provides a separate circuit for cooling the continuous ingot exiting the crystalliser and the rollers at the foot. It also permits an easy and rapid replacement in the oscillating table in which it is housed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wall (100) of a casting die for casting a molten metal. Die walls comprising a front plate (110) with a pocket borehole (112) and a rear plate (120) with a transversal borehole (122) aligned with the pocket borehole, on the cold side of the die front plate, are known in prior art. The aim of the invention is prevent the entrance of cooling liquid from the transition region (115), between the front plate (110) and the rear plate (120), into the pocket borehole (112) or the transversal borehole (122). To this end, a sealing element (140) having a longitudinal borehole is arranged in the transition region (115) in such a way that the longitudinal borehole of the sealing element is at least approximately aligned with the transversal borehole (122) in the rear plate of the die and the pocket borehole (112) in the front plate of the die.

Abstract: A water-cooled mold for continuous casting includes two water-cooled wide copper plates arranged opposite to each other in a front and back direction and two water-cooled narrow copper plates arranged opposite to each other in a left and right direction. The upper portion of the cavity of the mold is a sprue area and the lower portion of the cavity is a mold cavity area. The sprue area is gradually narrowed in the casting direction and smoothly transited into the mold cavity, corresponding to the shape of a slab to be cast. The inside surfaces of the water-cooled narrow copper plates are smooth planar surfaces. A portion of the inside surface of the water-cooled wide copper plates in the sprue area is a curved surface and another portion in the mold cavity area is a planar surface. The curved surface and the planar surface portions form a continuous smooth surface.

Abstract: A continuous casting plant in particular for long steel products is provided with a mould (1), from which a cast strand (2) is continuously cast. The cast strand (2) is guided along a, in particular curved, guideway formed by guide rollers (11, 12, 13, 14) arranged one after the other, and at the same time in a cooling chamber having spray members. The guide rollers (12, 13, 14) and/or the spray members are contained in a plurality of centring modules (10) or spray modules (3) arranged one after the other and are adjustable in a controlled manner substantially concentrically with respect to the desired axis of the cast strand. As a result, on the one hand, the risk of thermally overloading the rollers and damaging the strand surface is considerably reduced and symmetrical cooling is ensured.

Abstract: With a continuous casting method for producing preliminary profiles, in particular double T preliminary profiles, the downwardly flowing cooling water is pushed out of the internal curve of the preliminary profile strand (3) via the profile flanges and discharged using water nozzles (21, 22) aligned substantially to the crossover from the bar (4) to the respective flange (5, 6) by means of the diverting water delivered via the water nozzles (21, 22). In this way the excessive cooling caused by downwardly running cooling water is largely avoided in the internal curve of the preliminary profile strand.

Abstract: A broadside (100) for the broadside of a funnel mold for the casting of metal. Known broadsides of this kind have at least one groove-shaped cooling channel (110) in the backside (R) of the broadside. Adjacent the cooling channel (110) on the backside of the broadside, recesses (A1, . . . , A5) are provided as well as filler elements (140-1, . . . , -5) for the at least partial sealing of the recesses. In order to constructively simplify the broadside in view of the adjustment of a generally constant flow rate of a cooling medium through the cooling channel, it is proposed to design the recesses (A1, . . . , A5) in such a way, that they cross the cooling channel (110) diagonally to its longitudinal direction. Moreover, the recesses (A1, . . .

Abstract: In a continuous casting chill (1) with a coolant duct (2), which is formed by a chill inner wall (3), facing the molten metal, as the hot side, a chill outer wall (4) as the cold side and a right side wall (5) and a left side wall (6), the coolant duct (2) is constructed with turbulence-generating elements (7, 9, 10).

Abstract: A continuous casting mold includes mold plates which enclose the casting cross section and in which cooling channels extend. The mold plates are connectable to a water box by screw elements which are formed by fastening bolts having a threaded shank which is screwable into fastening threads located in the mold plate. To achieve a uniform cooling in a continuous casting mold, the fastening threads are arranged such that their center longitudinal axes extend between two adjacent coolant channels of the plurality of cooling channels. The diameter of each threaded bore hole of the fastening threads is greater than the distance between the two adjacent cooling channels, and each bore hole of the fastening threads ends at a distance from the floor of the plurality of cooling channels to define the screw-in depth of the fastening bolts.

Abstract: A permanent chill mold for the continuous casting of metals, comprising a mold tube (1) placed in a water box, a water gap being formed between the inner side of the wall of the water box and the outer side (2) of the mold tube (1). In the water gap, at least one sheet metal water deflector (3) is situated, the mold tube (1) being supported at least in one direction to be laterally freely shiftable with respect to the water box and the working position of the mold tube (1) being adjusted by the flow relationships in the water gap.

Abstract: An extrusion die (1) for the casting of liquid metals, in particular of liquid steel materials, has a heat flow density which is distributed non-homogenously over the die face. A homogenizing of the heat flow density can be obtained if the spacing between the hot side and the cooling duct base (=thickness (6) of the die wide side plate (2)) in the new state as a typical normal thickness (100%) is reduced by at least 20% to 80%, and a further reduction, obtained by means of reworking processes, of the thickness (6) which is initially reduced to 80% is restricted to 5 mm a final thickness (6a) by means of a final reworking process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for strip casting using a travelling mould which is cooled by a liquid coolant. The invention is characterised in that the coolant is liquid metal or ionic liquid. Preferably, the coolant flows with turbulent flow through the cooling device attributed to the travelling mould.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooled continuous casting mold (1) for casting metal, especially steel, which has a casting format (GF) that is defined by respective two opposite broad faces (2, 3) and small faces (4, 5). The broad faces (2, 3) have a cooling area (6) which designed for the maximum casting width and comprises a plurality of cooling channels (7) extending in the direction of casting and being connected to a coolant circuit. The small faces (4, 5) can be adjusted to a predetermined casting format having a corresponding casting width. The aim of the invention is to provide a continuous casting mold for slab formats, especially thin slabs, which allows to adjust an even working end temperature of the broad sides and especially to reduce a considerable temperature drop in the neighborhood of the small faces while at the same time allowing to adjust different casting formats, especially smaller casting formats as compared to the maximum casting format.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled permanent mold for the continuous casting of metals, comprising mold plates (1) made of copper or a copper alloy, which are connected respectively to an adapter plate or a water-cooling tank by clamping bolts, the clamping bolts being fastened to plateau pedestals (3) that protrude in an insular fashion from the coolant side (2), which at least partially extend into a coolant gap formed between the mold plate (1) and the adapter plate or the cooling-water tank, and have a streamlined form adjusted to the flow direction of the coolant. The coolant side (2) has cooling ribs (4, 5, 6, 7) that extend into the coolant gap and are situated from place to place between two adjacent plateau pedestals (3).

Abstract: The invention provides a water-cooled mold for continuous casting. The mold comprises two water-cooled wide copper plates which are arranged opposite to each other in front and back direction and two water-cooled narrow copper plates which are arranged opposite to each other in left and right direction. The upper portion of the cavity of the mold is a sprue area and the lower portion of the cavity is a mold cavity area. The sprue area is gradually narrowed in the casting direction and smoothly transited into the mold cavity, corresponding to the shape of a slab to be cast. The inside surfaces of the water-cooled narrow copper plates are smooth planar surface. A portion of the inside surface of the water-cooled wide copper plates in the sprue area is a curved surface and a portion of the same in the mold cavity area is a planar surface. The curved surface portion and the planar surface portion form a continuous smooth surface.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled permanent mold for a continuous casting installation having a shaping permanent mold body, for example, made of copper or copper alloy. Cooling channels are provided in permanent mold body that extend from its upper side to its lower side. The cooling channels each have two longitudinal sections and the cooling sections have an alignment of their longitudinal axes that differ from one another. In this way, the horizontal distance of the cooling channels from the casting surface is varied and a cooling performance is achieved that is adjusted to the weighting profile of the permanent mold.

Abstract: In the continuous casting of round or polygonal billet and bloom formats, use is made of moulds the mould cavity of which comprises a copper tube (3) which is intensively cooled by means of water-circulation cooling. In order to increase the cooling capacity on the one hand and the dimensional stability of the mould cavity (4) on the other hand, and also extend the total service life of the copper tube (3), it is proposed to provide the copper tube (3) with a supporting shell (12) or supporting plates over the entire circumference at the tube outer lateral surface (5). For the cooling of the copper tube (3), cooling ducts (6) for guiding the cooling water are arranged on the copper tube (3) or on the supporting shell (12). The cooling ducts (6) are distributed over the entire circumference at the tube outer lateral surface (5) and extend substantially over the entire mould length.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous casting mould for liquid metals, especially for liquid steel, comprising steel charging plates (2) which are surrounded by water reservoirs (1), cassette-type copper plates (3) arranged against the same, end plates (7), if needed, for the thickness and/or the width of the cast billet, and coolant channels (9). The aim of the invention is to take measures to counteract the high temperatures in the meniscus region (13) using appropriate embodiments of the copper plates (3) and/or the steel charging plates (2). To this end, the thickness (10) of the copper plates (3) between the coolant (11) and the hot side (3a) of the copper plates varies along the width (2×L) and/or in terms of the height (12).