Abstract: A cooling jacket for an ingot mold for the continuous casting of metal comprises a tubular element and a grid of stiffening ribs projecting from the outer surface of the tubular element, in which the grid is provided at the intersection of the stiffening ribs with openings or bores which pass also through the tubular element for the passage of fastening elements in form of tie rods therethrough by which an inner tube for the passage of the metal to be cast can be fastened to the cooling jacket with radial clearance. The upright ingot mold in which the cooling jacket is used and which is especially employed for the casting of steel, includes, besides the cooling jacket and the inner tube, an outer shell surrounding the cooling jacket with considerable clearance. The outer shell is closed by plates at opposite ends to which opposite ends of the inner tube are respectively fastened and these plates are provided with openings aligned with the opposite open ends of the inner tube.

Abstract: Both the position and shape of the solidification front in molten metal passing continuously through the horizontal solidification chamber of a mold body are precisely controlled in the invention by establishing a cooling probe insertion pattern in which some of the probes are inserted into cooling bores in the mold body to greater distances than others. Specifically, establishment of a solidification front characterized by a liquid/solid isotherm that is substantially symmetrical across the chamber is achieved by progressively increasing the cooling probe insertion distance from the bottom to the top of the mold body. Premature, asymmetrical solidification on the bottom of the chamber is effectively minimized and reduces hot tears, fissures and other surface defects in the casting.

Abstract: For use in a twin strand continuous vertical casting operation, a cooler including a steel jacket surrounding a cooling member having a pair of die receiving passages for respectively receiving the dies utilized to form the twin strand or products. Coolant introduced into the jacket is not only circulated about the periphery of the cooling member but also is circulated diametrically through the cooling member itself in the area between the die receiving passages. In one preferred form, two pairs of inlet and outlet ports are provided in the jacket for circulating fluid around and through the cooling member in separate independent paths governed by the shape of the cooling member and a partition within the jacket.

Abstract: A continuous lubrication casting mold for use in a process of continuously casting molten metals and alloys wherein a parting and/or lubricating agent reservoir is provided in the mold body. The agent is continuously applied over the inner surface of the mold after being introduced through passages within or through the mold section. The lubricant passages may be an intrinsic characteristic of the mold material or may be provided in the form of feed holes through the mold section. The ability to transmit lubricant through to the internal surface of the mold can be varied within the length of the casting mold to provide for variable lubricant transfer rates to different parts of the casting surface.

Abstract: A combined feed tube and continuous casting mould comprises a copper mould having a refractory feed tube projecting into the inlet end of the mould passage. The feed tube is in abutting relation with the wall of the mould passage and the material from which the feed tube is formed is one which has a low coefficient of friction such as graphite. The portion of the feed tube in the mould provides the surface on which the initial freezing of the molten metal occurs and this surface is cooled by its contact with the mould.

Abstract: A cooled continuous casting mould has an arrangement for producing a rotating electromagnetic field of force in the unsolidified region of the melt cast in the mould. The mould is designed as a compound body formed of an upper wall of copper or a low-alloyed copper alloy, and a lower wall of an antimagnetic material with low electrical conductivity. The two walls delimit the mould inner space, and the lower wall is surrounded by an induction arrangement for producing the rotating electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A continuous mold with a mold chamber, preferably a rectangular mold chamber, for continuously casting metals, especially copper and copper alloys, which includes a one piece or more piece graphite block and also includes cooling pipes forming components of a cooling circuit and being frictionally connected to the graphite block for improving the heat transfer to the mold chamber of the graphite block. The cooling circuit is structurally separate from the graphite block, and the cooling pipes yieldably engage the outer surface of the graphite block.

Abstract: A mold assembly for continuous casting has a plurality of open-ended molds. The mold assembly further has a cooling member which is common to all of the molds and cooperates with each mold to define one or more cooling passages therewith. The cooling member, which is provided with one or more pairs of coolant inlet and outlet bores, is in the form of a cooling jacket or in the form of a back-up plate depending upon whether the molds are tube molds or plate molds. The mold assembly is rotatably mounted on a mold table having a casting location at which a mold is positioned during a casting operation. A coolant supply and coolant discharge conduit are arranged in the mold table adjacent the casting location. In operation, one of the molds of the assembly is positioned at the casting location with the remaining molds being in standby positions. At least one pair of the coolant inlet and outlet bores in the cooling member is aligned with the coolant supply and discharge conduits in the mold table.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mold assembly characterized by efficient and controlled removal of heat from molten metal during continuous casting, providing high casting speeds in conjunction with superior surface finish on the cast product. The mold assembly includes a refractory mold body having a longitudinal solidification chamber therein and a plurality of longitudinal cooling bores spaced around the solidification chamber. The cooling bores extend only partially through the mold body in the direction of the solidification chamber to define an insulating section adjacent the inlet end thereof to minimize heat removal from the molten metal source and a cooling section adjacent the outlet end when cooling probes containing a circulating coolant are inserted into the cooling bores.

Abstract: An improved continuous casting mold and means for securing the mold liners wherein vertical cooling water passages which in cross-section present a dovetail configuration are machined in the back side of the mold liner plates. The cooling water passages are all of substantially equal dimensions and are equally spaced along the length of the mold liner plates. Corrosive resistant bars having beveled edges to match the dovetail passages are inserted into the water passages. Tapped holes in the bars receive hold down bolts which pass through the bars between the formed water passages and thus do not interfere with uniform heat transfer.

Abstract: Installation for manufacturing wire by projecting a jet of electrically conductive metallic liquid through a die into a cooling medium, comprising a crucible equipped with a heating device, a die and an enclosure containing a gas under pressure, an enclosure containing a cooling medium and a wire-receiving device is improved by providing the installation with a thermally and electrically conductive immobile hot piece arranged in such a manner as to debouch into the section of a crucible passageway which is wetted by the metallic liquid, occupies that section and is in contact with a cooling element and with one of the poles of a source of electric current, while an electrically conductive cold piece is connected to the other pole of the source of electric current and assures electrical contact with the jet or the wire.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuously casting hollow bars in which a one-piece mandrel is suspended from a support bar secured across the top of a female die by a retaining ring which holds down the female die. A cooler surrounds the female die and the retaining ring is fixed to the cooler. The mandrel extends axially within the female die, and the mandrel support bar leaves relatively large crescent-shaped pouring areas permitting easy access by a pouring spout which dispenses molten metal directly into the space between the female die and the mandrel. Quick connect and disconnect fasteners are employed to secure the support bar to the retaining ring so as to facilitate replacement of the mandrel during a casting operation. A pair of guide pins is also provided to facilitate and center installation of the mandrel.

Abstract: A jacketted mold for the continuous casting of molten metal is surrounded by an enclosed cooling space holding an electromagnetic inductor for moving the molten metal in the open-ended mold. A cooling liquid is supplied to the cooling space through an inlet chamber and is removed therefrom through an outlet chamber after it has passed through a primary circuit along the tubular mold element. The outlet chamber is divided into two liquid flow circuits, one circulating the liquid from the primary circuit across the inductor at a reduced flow velocity, and the second one being arranged in parallel with the first one for directly, removing the liquid from the primary circuit to the discharge conduit immediately after it has circulated along the tubular mold element.

Abstract: Improved casting method and side dam apparatus for use in twin-belt continuous metal casting machines are described particularly adapted for casting rectangular copper bar providing a casting speed almost double that obtained in prior twin-belt machines and a damblock lifetime which is more than doubled, while producing a more homogeneous and symmetrical casting structure. The side dams are formed by stringing slotted damblocks along the entire length of a flexible metal strap, except for end portions of the strap. An end-to-end weld forms an endless strap loop of accurately predetermined length, and special damblocks having two mating interlocking halves are inserted into the remaining space along the strap, whereby all blocks are free to slide on the strap but with little cumulative space between blocks, which are preferably made of a bronze alloy presenting better resistance to heat cracking and higher heat conductivity than in previous damblocks.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuously casting lead strip at various rates upwards of about 8 ft. per minute including a nonturbulent, constant-head, constant-temperature source of dross-free melt, an open-ended casting nozzle, an insulator thermally isolating the nozzle from the source and an aromatic polyimide seal at the inlet of the nozzle. Melt is pumped upwardly through a standpipe which is open midway to the nozzle. An adjustable weir atop the standpipe controls the metalostatic head above the casting nozzle, and a reversible pump permits ready aborting of a casting run.

Abstract: The mould comprises a copper mould at least partly surrounded by a cooling box in which a cooling fluid flows. The cooling box comprises a first chamber defined by the copper wall of the mould and by a parallel front wall of the box. This front wall includes magnetic poles which are part of an electromagnetic induction stirring device for the metal cast in the mould. The first chamber is connected to a first cooling circuit. The box also has a second chamber in which the coils and cores of the electromagnetic induction stirring device are disposed.

Abstract: Effectiveness of internal cooling of the rollers in a withdrawal path for continuously cast ingots is determined by measuring the drop in surface temperature of the ingot when in engagement with the rollers. For this, a thermo element is affixed to the ingot's surface and its output is recorded or otherwise processed.

Abstract: A solid inductor for forming an inner wall of a coolant box for an electromagnetic continuous casting system has a deflector integrally formed on the exterior surface thereof to deflect coolant passing through passages in the solid inductor. In one embodiment, the deflector is formed by an indentation on the exterior surface of the deflector, and in another embodiment, it is formed by a protrusion on the exterior surface of the solid inductor.

Abstract: An arrangement for adjusting and securing a bottomless mould to a mould lifting table in a continuous casting plant for strands with supporting and guiding paths arranged to follow the mould to support the strand at opposite sides thereof, has centering apparatus on the mould lifting table and on the mould. Part of the centering apparatus is vertically displaceable relative to the supporting and guiding paths. The mould is arranged with lateral play relative to the mould lifting table and bracing devices are provided for fixing the mould on the mould lifting table.

Abstract: A continuous casting assembly including a holding and heating furnace, a mould and cooler, and a strand withdrawal unit is secured to a pivotable frame. The assembly is intended for use in melting and casting small quantities of precious metals such that there is little or no loss or waste of the metal being cast. The furnace, which includes a heated crucible, is adjustably carried on the frame and the mould and cooler form a cover for the crucible. The mould and cooler are pivotably secured to the frame and can be moved to an open position to provide access to the crucible.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed comprising a strand guide formed by guide plates which are supported and cooled by hydrostatic support elements. The support elements each include a cylinder and a piston which is stressed against the guide plate by pressure fluid supplied to the cylinder. The pistons are each provided with a bearing pad having a plurality of recesses each supplied with fluid at a constant rate which forms hydrostatic support for and cools the guide plates. The forces exerted by the support elements may be controlled by pressure regulating valves in the fluid supply lines leading thereto in response to sensors which sense positional shifts of the guide plates from a set point. The apparatus may also include a controller for the valves which periodically reduces the pressure of the fluid supplied to the support elements sufficiently to allow the casting to move along the strand guide.

Abstract: An internally cooled roll comprises a cylindrical body having two trunnions and an axially extending internal chamber. A coaxial cylindrical lining is countersunk in the chamber by casting and a coaxial hollow cylinder is arranged within the lining. The lining and cylinder define therebetween a passage for circulating a cooling fluid therethrough. Two conduits respectively supply and remove the cooling fluid to and from the passage, one of the conduits being connected with the lining.

Abstract: A mould for the electroslag casting of faceted metal ingots has longitudinal flutes on the internal surfaces of at least two walls thereof. The depth of these flutes decreases in a horizontal direction from the middle of the walls to the corners of the mould chamber.

Abstract: A method of the conversion of a heat of molten metal, especially steel, into a finished product forms a continuous primary strand of solidified metal from a heat and then applies one or more successive layers of molten metal from the same heat to one or both sides of the primary strand under conditions where the additional layers alloy or integrate with the primary strand, the composite strand, like the primary strand, being quickly solidified to develop throughout the body a fine grain structure characteristic of a thin layer of metal that quickly chills from a molten state.

Abstract: A plate mould with a rectangular cross-section for continuously casting steel slabs has end walls that are tiltably adjustable and two adjustment drives at each end wall and link plates connecting each end wall and its pertaining adjustment drives in a four-bar-linkage manner.

Abstract: An open type casting mold suitably used for continuously casting metals having a large temperature difference between the melting point and the solidifying point thereof, said casting mold comprising a water-cooling jacket, a 1st stage die portion of other refractory material than graphite inserted in the mold at the inlet portion, said refractory material having a lubricating action with slight abrasion, and a 2nd stage die portion of graphite inserted in the mold at the outlet portion, said 1st stage die portion extending over the back end of the water-cooling jacket into a pouring basin side for a definite length.Better results are obtained by covering the outer surface of the extended portion of the 1st stage die portion with a fixing member of a refractory material, fixing the fixing member of refractory material to the 1st stage die portion by means of a metallic protecting member, and fixing the metallic protecting member to the water-cooling jacket.

Abstract: A plate mould for continuously casting steel has a carrying frame, and side and end walls with cooling devices. At least one side wall is movable transversely relative to the mould by separate apparatus. The end walls are each comprised of a holding plate, a supporting plate and a cooled copper plate and can be clamped between the side walls by spring clamping elements. Wedge-shaped noses are provided on the upper and lower edges of the supporting plate for engagement with a wedge-shaped groove in the pertaining holding plate and with a clamping piece, respectively.

Abstract: For supporting and cooling the reverse surfaces of belts in apparatus for continuously casting metal strip between such belts, means enclosing the reverse surface of a belt includes a multiplicity of guiding faces that are distributed closely both crosswise and lengthwise of the belt to define an intended belt path, and that have nozzle openings through which liquid coolant is projected against the belt, rapidly flowing out in a layer over the guiding face and being withdrawn at localities close to all of the guiding faces. The belt, which may be forced toward the faces to stabilize it in its desired path, thus rests on a layer of rapidly moving liquid coolant, which affords efficient heat removal and an essentially complete liquid bearing, such apparatus and procedure being also deemed applicable to cooling other surfaces.

Abstract: In apparatus for the continuous casting of metal in strip form between moving belts, belt support means comprising a multiplicity of elements that are distributed crosswise and lengthwise of a belt path area beside the mold space and are individually yieldable against a loading force, permit close belt stabilization to a selected path while yielding locally under excess outward force by the belt such as caused by solidified metal. Arrangement of belt support and cooling means along the mold space in successive sections each individually adjusted in respect to one or more of the conditions of belt path taper; degree of compliance, if any, in the retention of the belt against the support; and cooling action; are such that these features, as well as provision, if desired, of local yieldability, permit accommodation of the apparatus to various requirements of casting operation.

Abstract: A metallic product is cast continuously by injecting a liquid metal into a cooled ingot mold, applying a magnetic field turning about the axis of the mold to rotate the metal, and extracting the partially solidified metal product from the mold. Effective stirring is obtained by rotating the magnetic field at a frequency of rotation of 4 to 15 Hertz and using a copper alloy of structural rigidity for the mold, the wall thickness of the mold being kept thin, preferably below 15 mm. The process is particularly useful for casting round metallic products and especially those which are subjected to after-treatments requiring good surface characteristics and a core free of faults.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for casting liquid metal in an ingot mold consisting of opposed cooled casting surfaces, at least one of which is convex, and one of which consists of a series of joined shutters. A high pressure is applied to the metal moving between the two surfaces during the solidification of the metal.