Abstract: A heat exchanger of the kind having a group of upright open ended tubes which are of rectangular cross section. The tubes are in parallel and laterally spaced relationship so that the space between any two adjacent tubes is in direct communication with at least one other space of the same kind. The interconnected spaces form at least part of a steam chamber and spacer bars are provided at one or more sides of the tube group to form a lateral boundary of that steam chamber. Each bar extends parallel to the tubes and is located within the space between the longitudinal outer edges of a respective two tubes. Similar spacer bars are also preferably used to close-off the spaces at the terminal end portions of the adjacent tubes and consequently those bars extend transverse to the axis of each tube. A continuous evaporator may incorporate two such heat exchangers in laterally spaced relationship with a downcomer chamber between them and that chamber is divided into cells by transverse baffles.

Abstract: A convection flow heat exchanger comprises peripherally flanged upper and lower manifolds 14, 15 connected between a transformer housing 2 and an array of parallel heat exchanging plates 12 having internal fluid passages. The manifolds have openings 16 which mate with correspondingly configured openings 13 in upper and lower corners of the plates. This arrangement eliminates bottlenecks in and simplifies the cooling fluid flow path, and enables the effective heat exchange area to be increased.

Abstract: Induction device fitted inside a tank for drawing in fluids such as liquid fuels.Said device comprises an enclosure resting on a tray, said enclosure being provided at its base with vertical directional slots communicating with the tank, and at its upper part with a member adapted to connect the enclosure with the tank, and said enclosure containing, on the one hand, an induction pipe with an end portion which is bent towards the upper part of the enclosure and comprising a series of orifices distributed over its length, and on the other hand, a fluid return pipe ensuring the warming up of the enclosure.The invention is used to help drawing certain fuels into a tank.

Abstract: A heat exchange device is disclosed in the form of a condenser for vapors containing non-condensible gases. Mechanical shutter members in the form of air foils are pivotally mounted in the exhaust stacks of the condenser for selectively blocking the exhaust stack to prevent back draft through the condenser when the respective air circulation fan thereof is inoperative. In one form of the invention, the condenser includes air recirculation ducts which also can be selectively closed by dampers to prevent back draft through the return ducts when the respective air recirculation fan is inoperative.

Abstract: A cardioplegia system in which cardioplegia medication or a mixture of arterial blood and medication is delivered to the heart of a patient undergoing open heart surgery. A cooling system incorporates flat coils vertically disposed in upright tanks in which the level of cooling liquid is controlled and thus the percentage area of the coil which is immersed. This permits the control of the cooling while isolating the blood or medication from the cooling system.

Abstract: The invention relates to air preheaters and discloses a preheater in which the air is heated in two stages of heat exchange, the heat source being flue gases. Air to be heated is passed along a path having two portions. Air in the second portion is in heat exchange relation with the flue gases and air in the first portion is in heat exchange relation with air in the second portion. By this means, direct heat exchange between flue gases and cold air is avoided, with the consequent reduction in the risk of condensation of harmful fluids from the flue gases. The respective portions of the air flow path are normally one within the other, enabling the conduit defining the inner portion to be removed without interfering with the flue gas ducting.

Abstract: A system for recovering waste heat from a stream of heated gas is disclosed. The system includes a convection heat transfer chamber, a boiler tank, and a plurality of heat pipes thermally interconnecting the convection heat transfer chamber with the boiler tank. Each of the heat pipes includes an evaporator section which is disposed in heat transfer relation with a stream of heated gas flowing through the convection heat transfer chamber, and a condenser section disposed in heat transfer relation with a volume of water disposed within the boiler tank. The evaporator sections and condenser sections are totally enclosed within the convection heat transfer chamber and boiler tank, respectively, and are connected in closed cycle fluid communication with each other.

Abstract: An apparatus for heat treatment of food products, in the form of a product bed consisting of solid particles, includes a container with a perforated bottom for the product bed. Gas is adapted to be supplied to the product bed in the container of this apparatus generally from below upwards through the perforated bottom at such a velocity that the product bed will form a fluidized bed. The gas, which is caused to circulate in the apparatus by means of a fan and to flow through the container as well as through a heat exchanger, is adapted to pulsate through the product bed in the container. According to the invention the apparatus is provided with a conduit passing by the container and being situated before the container with the perforated bottom, as counted in the flow direction, said conduit being provided with a rotatable damper which is adapted during its rotation to raise and lower the pressure under the perforated bottom for the pulsation of the gas through the product bed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for improving the operation of forced-air-cooled steam condensors having a bank of air-cooled heat exchangers connected between steam lines and condensate conduits. Air is forced through the heat exchangers by fans and shutters are provided to either discharge the spent air to atmosphere or to recirculate the spent air into the fan inlets to mix with fresh outside air. The steam pressure in the steam line is sensed along with the temperatures of the condensate in each exchanger and of outside air. The condensate conduits are in the recirculation path of spent air, and the fan is adjustable to control the quantity of air forced through the exchangers. By controlling the shutters and the fans in response to the pressure and temperatures, a highly-efficient cooling effect is achieved.

Abstract: A method and equipment for increasing the efficiency of a heat pump is the subject of the present invention. The method comprises providing an underground pathway for air travel, forcing a quantity of air through the pathway for operation of the heat pump, and directing air emanating from the underground pathway to the heat pump inlet. The equipment of the invention comprises a heat pump, an underground conduit presenting an elongated path for accommodating the flow of air therethrough for heat exchange purposes with the earth, with the outlet of the underground conduit being disposed for directing air toward the heat pump.

Abstract: A heat exchanger wherein an insulating upright jacket contains a body of relatively cold liquid and spacedly surrounds a hollow upright hollow cylindrical heat conducting body which, in turn, spacedly surrounds a helical heating body confining a flowing heating medium. The upper and lower ends of the heat conducting body are open so that cold liquid can enter the heat conducting body from below to exchange heat with the medium in the helical heating body, to thereby rise in the heat conducting body, and to issue at the upper end of the heat conducting body. The upper end of the heat conducting body has a flow restrictor which defines an outlet opening for the heated liquid. An electric heater can be installed in the jacket to heat the liquid when the supply of warmer medium is insufficient.

Abstract: Concentration of a liquid by evaporation is performed in a heat exchanger having riser tubes for the liquid and a granular mass fluidized by the liquid to occupy the tubes. At their upper and lower ends the tubes open into upper and lower chambers. A hot medium contacts the tubes to transfer heat to the liquid. In order to render this heat exchanger effective for evaporation concentration, means are provided for vapor collection and discharge from the upper chamber, the riser tubes extend above the base of the upper chamber. A return conduit for recirculation of the liquid and granular mass connects the upper chamber to the lower chamber, opening in each case at a lower level than the riser tubes. Supply and discharge connections for the liquid are at levels lower than the upper ends of the riser tubes.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved integral manifold for a sprue gated multi-cavity injection molding system and a method of manufacturing the same. The manifold has an inner body portion which fits into a hollow retaining ring portion to define a circular peripheral space between them. The inner body portion is formed of a corrosion and abrasion resistant material such as stainless steel and has a number of straight melt ducts extending through it from a common inlet to spaced outlets each leading to a central bore in separate heated nozzles. The peripheral space contains an electric heating element surrounded by a highly conductive material such as copper. The manifold is manufactured by assembling the retaining ring portion on the inner body portion with the heating element in the space between them. A filler tube is located on the retaining ring portion in alignment with a filler duct therethrough and all the joints are sealed by brazing the assembly in a vacuum furnace.

Abstract: A method of raising the temperature of a liquid containing heat coagulable proteins above the coagulation temperature of the proteins to coagulate them using a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the heat source to the liquid without contact between the liquid containing the uncoagulated heat coagulable protein and the heat exchanging surface is described.

Abstract: A latent heat accumulator is disclosed including an upright container hav, in a major volume first section, a latent heat storage medium, and a passage for a heat exchange medium extending through the charge in the first section. The passage is of the type of a conduit provided with intake openings at different levels. The flow of heat exchange medium through the conduit generates low pressure at the intake openings with the result that a part of the surrounding charge of the heat storage medium is drawn into the conduit for thorough intermixing and heat transfer. The intake openings are preferably protected to prevent large solidified particles of the heat storage medium from blocking the openings or from entering the conduit. The invention improves the heat transfer capacity and reduces the charge of the heat storage medium entering the associated heat exchange circulation system while retaining a relatively simple structure of the accumulator.

Abstract: In apparatus for flow of a liquid medium e.g. a heat exchanger the liquid flows through a plurality of parallel vertical pipes 10 from a bottom chamber 4 to a top chamber 5. The apparatus contains a mass of particles which are fluidized in the pipes by the flow of liquid. In order to allow a higher speed of liquid flow, giving the apparatus greater capacity transfer means 11,12,13,14 are provided to convey the particles batchwise from the top chamber to the bottom chamber. This transfer corrects the tendency of the higher flow speed to carry the particles into the top chamber. Suitably the transfer means is a lock chamber 11 with linked inlet and outlet valves 12,13.

Abstract: Apparatus for physical and/or chemical processes e.g. a heat exchanger, has a plurality of vertical riser tubes for upward flow of a liquid under treatment from a lower chamber to an upper chamber. A granular mass is fluidized by the flow so as to occupy at least the tubes. A return tube conveys the granular mass from the upper chamber to the lower chamber and has valve means to hinder flow of liquid through the return tube. To provide improved control of the liquid flow in the return tube, the valve means is embodied as a single valve having a valve member adjacent and movable relative to the lower end of the return tube.

Abstract: A plate type evaporator comprising a plurality of vertically extending plate elements assembled face-to-face to define therebetween alternate channels for a heating medium and for a liquid to be evaporated. In order to accelerate the nuclear boiling of the liquid in the liquid channels, the heat transfer surface of each plate element has a plurality of vertically extending transversely spaced ridges projecting toward the associated liquid channel, such ridges being in contact with the heat transfer surface of the opposed plate element to provide areas of contact assisting in the evolution of vapor bubbles and divide the liquid channel into narrow sections assisting in the generation of vapor, such sections also assuring that even in deeper places in the liquid channel, vapor bubbles will be generated without yielding to the liquid pressure; alternatively, each plate element has a porous layer formed on its heat transfer surface facing the liquid channel.

Abstract: Heated molten material is circulated in a closed cycle between a heater and a storage tank. The heater is controlled to maintain the temperature of the circulating fluid at a predetermined level. A replenishment supply of solid material to be melted is mixed with the heated fluid during retention in a melting container during the circulation from heater to storage tank.

Abstract: A heat exchanger wherein an upright insulated outer jacket contains a body of relatively cold liquid and spacedly surrounds an upright hollow cylindrical heat conducting body which, in turn, spacedly surrounds a helical heating body confining a flowing heating medium. The upper and lower ends of the heat conducting body are open so that cold liquid can enter the heat conducting body from below to exchange heat with the medium in the helical heating body, to thereby rise in the heat conducting body, and to issue at the upper end of the heat conducting body. The upper end of the heat conducting body has a flow restrictor which defines an outlet opening for the heated liquid. An electric heater can be installed in the outer jacket to heat the liquid when the supply of warmer medium is insufficient.

Abstract: A geothermal energy system in which a bore hole is drilled into the earth to a depth where a predetermined temperature gradient exists between the earth's surface and the bottom of said bore hole. A liquid refrigerant line passes down the bore hole and connects to an evaporator where the geothermal energy is used to vaporize the refrigerant and from there it passes back up through a high pressure gaseous refrigerant return line to a gas operated turbine located at the earth's surface. The spent refrigerant exiting from the turbine is cooled in a condensing unit and recirculated to the subterranean evaporator unit. The turbine may be used to drive a suitable electrical generator for power production purposes.

Abstract: An underground conduit extends through the soil in two parallel stretches and connects at one end with a return duct and at the opposite end to the air intake of a heating and cooling unit. The return air duct may be closed off by a damper so that the return air is diverted through the underground conduit. The underground conduit may also be coupled with a forced air unit which is independent of any heating and cooling system. An air diverter in one stretch of the conduit recycles air through the conduit while a portion of the air is utilized. The constant temperature of the subterranean region results in the circulating air in the underground conduit being heated in winter and cooled in summer. To increase the air turbulence and the effectiveness of the heat transfer, the conduit may be corrugated. Sand may be packed around the conduit to retain moisture for more effective cooling.

Abstract: A water heater comprises an elongated vessel having a heat exchanger that occupies a substantial portion at one end and leaves a minimum volume storage and blending zone at the other end of the vessel. Water is recirculated through the heat exchanger, preferably continuously, through a recirculation conduit that takes water through its inlet essentially solely from the outlet end of the heat exchange zone and returns it to the inlet end, the intake of the recirculation conduit being located at the lower end of the volume storage and immediately above an apertured partition extending across the interior of the vessel immediately above the heat exchanger. The temperature sensor of the control thermostat is received within a tunnel secured to the partition. The tunnel has two side outlet openings away from the aperture so that the thermostat is always subject to the hottest water just above the heat exchanger for fast and accurate control of the heating fluid on failure of the circulating pump.

Abstract: An evaporator for increasing the solids content of a liquid-solids mixture employs vapor compressor means to recycle superheated vapors that are boiled off the mixture by a heat transfer fluid. The super-heated vapors are forced into the mixture before the mixture is heated by passage over a heat transfer surface, and the vapors cause the mixture to flow past such heat transfer surface at sufficient velocity to prevent excessive solids from depositing on the heat transfer surface.

Abstract: An improved arrangement for feeding a cool liquid into a pressure vessel and mixing the fed liquid with hot liquid contained therein includes a flow-shielding ejector thermal sleeve disposed partially within an inlet nozzle and surrounding a supply line through which the main feed flow is conducted to a sparger outlet port in the vessel. The sleeve is spaced radially inwardly from the inner surface of the nozzle to define a generally annular flow-through space therebetween. Cool leakage liquid flow is confined within the sleeve and ejected by the main feed flow from an ejector chamber formed around the port by a downstream portion of the sleeve. The ejective action of the main flow exiting the port additionally draws an insulating flow of hot liquid from the vessel sequentially upstream through the flow-through space, into the interior of the upstream portion of the sleeve, and downstream with the confined cool leakage flow, thereby substantially reducing cracking of the nozzle.

Abstract: The header delimits a bearing portion 14 against which abuts a partition connected to the inner wall of the header by a gasket 17. A pipe for supplying the liquid to be cooled arrives beneath the partition 8 and a degassing duct 24 arrives above the partition in a compartment closed by a stopper.

Abstract: Improved means for substantially eliminating condensate subcooling in single-stage moisture separator reheaters is provided by recirculating large quantities of scavenging steam through the reheater tube bundle. Heating steam for the tubeside (within the tubes of the tube bundle) of the reheater is extracted from the main steam supply upstream of the high-pressure turbine. This main steam is throttled before entering the tube bundle at part load conditions to reduce the temperature differential with respect to the high-pressure turbine exhaust steam which is to be reheated on the shellside. The tubes of the tube bundle are differentially orificed at their inlet to provide sufficient steam to each tube based on complete condensation at tube exit. At throttled, part load conditions, considerable excess scavenging steam is required to correct for the inefficiencies of the fixed orifices at these off-design conditions.

Abstract: An improved arrangement for feeding a cool liquid into a pressure vessel and mixing the fed liquid with hot vessel-contained liquid includes an ejector thermal sleeve within an inlet nozzle. An upstream portion of the sleeve sealed to the nozzle surrounds a supply line through which a main feed flow is conducted to a sparger outlet port in the vessel. Cool leakage liquid flow is confined within the sleeve and ejected from an ejector chamber formed around the port by a downstream portion of the sleeve. The leakage liquid is ejected by and with the main feed flow away from the nozzle whereby thermal cycling and cracking thereof are substantially reduced.

Abstract: A Moisture Separator Reheater (MSR) has a plurality of tube bundles which receive high-pressure saturated (tubeside) steam therein. Steam to be reheated (shellside steam) is passed in heat-exchange relationship with the tubes of the first and second reheater tube bundles after first being dried by the panels of a moisture separator. It emerges from the shell of the reheater dried and heated. In the reheater tube bundles saturated steam at temperatures and pressures substantially higher than the shellside steam transfers heat to the shellside steam by condensation within the tubes. The steam in the second stage tube bundle is at a temperature and pressure that is substantially higher than that of the steam in the first stage tube bundle and is heating shellside steam at a higher temperature than the shellside inlet steam to the first stage tube bundle. A greater quantity of tubeside steam than is theoretically necessary is passed through the tube bundles.

Abstract: An intermediate steam superheater includes a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes supplied with steam and subject to the disadvantage that the steam may condense completely in some of the tubes while passing freely through others of the tubes with a consequent loss of heating efficiency. This is corrected by sucking the steam from the outlet ends of the tubes and injecting it into the inlet ends of the tubes so that such a high flow rate occurs through the tubes that the tubes are kept substantially free from condensate while the steam is continuously recirculated through all of the tubes, the condensate from the condensed portion of the steam being discharged from the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An engine cooling system for the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, such as a construction machine or the like which operates on uneven or sloped terrain, comprises a radiator having a lower core section and an elongated upper section or top tank separated from the core section by a sealed baffle and extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The cooling system further comprises fluid conducting passages connected between the radiator and the engine, including a radiator supply line and a radiator return line connected between the core section and the engine. The cooling system also comprises a pair of fluid outlet ports located near the bottom of the top tank and spaced apart from each other in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

Abstract: Water or other heat-conducting liquid is heated in an upwardly open, substantially hemispherical outer bowl, the inside surface of which is treated to absorb heat from the sun's rays. The water or other liquid is introduced at the rim of the outer bowl and runs down the inside surface thereof, thereby being heated by the combined effects of the sun's rays and the heat absorbed by the outer bowl. A transparent, substantially hemispherical inner bowl is positioned within and spaced from the outer bowl to form a passageway for the water or other liquid. A tube or pipe is provided at the bottom of the outer bowl for allowing heated water or other liquid to drain from that bowl, and another tube or pipe is provided at the bottom of the inner bowl for allowing rain or melted snow to drain from that bowl.

Abstract: A system for utilizing latent heat stored in a crystallizable liquid heat storage medium subject to super-cooling, wherein the storage medium is continuously circulated past a heat exchanger positioned in the upper portion of an enclosed space containing a body of such storage medium to effect super-cooling thereof, then past a bed of seed crystals in the lower portion of such space to effect partial crystallization thereof, and then back past the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An air-conditioning device having a common housing case in which there are a heat exchanger through which used air and fresh air can flow formed with plate-shaped heat-exchanger walls which are made of aluminum foil, as well as a fresh-air blower and a spent-air blower. The interior of the housing case is divided into a fresh-air passage leading through the heat exchanger and a spent-air passage leading through the heat exchanger by the stack of foils of the heat exchanger together with internal partitions in the interior of the housing; the housing partitions comprise a controllable by-pass damper through which the spent-air entry side of the heat exchanger can be connected directly to its spent-air outlet side, and comprise a controllable recirculated-air damper through which the spent-air entry side of the heat exchanger can be connected directly to its fresh-air outlet side, the fresh-air inlet and the exhaust-air outlet of the housing case being constructed so as to be able to be shut off.

Abstract: Molten sulphur is cooled to as low as 5.degree. F above its solidification temperature without being in direct contact with the heat exchange liquid. Such liquid is recirculated and is initially cooled to a first temperature below the solidification temperature of the molten sulphur and then heated to a predetermined second temperature which is also below such solidification temperature.

Abstract: The enclosure comprises an insulating and demountable sealed box unit fitted with a closure lid and placed around a chromatographic column consisting of a metal tube of constant cross-section, said tube being arranged in the form of a helix and supplied with electric heating current which is cut-off for cooling purposes. The heating and cooling air is supplied through a coaxial injection pipe and nozzle, circulated axially through and then around the column within the box unit, then discharged through the bottom wall of a collector casing.

Abstract: Heat recovery means in drying apparatus such as a kiln consists of a heat exchanger located at the moist air outlet of the chamber of the drying apparatus for contact with exhaust moist air therefrom and a further heat exchanger located at the air inlet to the drying apparatus for contact of incoming air therewith, the heat exchangers being connected in circuit by pipework for the circulation of refrigerant between them in conveying heat energy by vaporized refrigerant from the heat exchanger located at the moist air outlet to that located at the inlet for transfer of said heat energy on condensation of the refrigerant to air entering the inlet.

Abstract: An integral forced circulation evaporator apparatus which comprises an evaporating chamber, providing therein a liquid space and a vapor space, a heating zone containing vertically disposed heat exchange tubes, and a liquid receiving chamber, said evaporating chamber being surmounted on said heating zone, in direct communication with the upper ends of said heat exchange tubes, said liquid receiving chamber being surmounted by said heating zone, in direct communication with the lower ends of said heat exchange tubes; pump means horizontally disposed within said liquid receiving chamber for the circulation of liquid through said evaporator apparatus, partition means disposed within said liquid receiving chamber so as to form, within said liquid receiving chamber, a first section containing the intake side of said pump means and a second section containing the discharge side of said pump means, said partition means further being positioned such that the lower ends of a portion of the heat exchange tubes are in d

Abstract: An improved cooling system is provided for hot, aqueous caustic solutions, such as received from evaporators employed for the concentration of electrolytically produced dilute caustic solutions. The improved cooling system consists of at least one closed loop circuit in which the hot caustic solution circulates under pressure and in the absence of air. The circuit includes suitable heat exchanger means, for example, a shell and tube device or other known heat transfer apparatus. The novel system not only allows the maintenance of controlled cooling rates, reduces scale formation on heat exchanger surfaces, improves caustic yield and quality due to lessening of carbonate formation but also improves the energy balance of the evaporation process.

Abstract: A biochemical-action vessel accommodates a substrate in which biochemical reactions are caused by microorganisms. A heat-exchange arrangement is provided in the vessel and removes the heat generated in the substrate by such reactions. The substrate is circulated in the vessel advanced by an advancing arrangement in a closed path which passes through the heat-exchange arrangement. Aerating gaseous medium is introduced into the substrate upstream of the advancing arrangement and in the region of suction generated by the same, and entrained by the circulating substrate so as to supply the oxygen necessary for the aerobic growth of the microorganisms.

Abstract: A water heater comprises an elongated vessel having a heat exchanger that occupies a substantial portion at one end and leaves a minimum volume storage and blending zone at the other end of the vessel. Water is recirculated through the heat exchanger, preferably continuously, through a recirculation conduit that takes water through its inlet essentially solely from the outlet end of the heat exchange zone and returns it to the inlet end, the intake of the recirculation conduit being located very close to the end of the heat exchanger. The temperature sensor of the control thermostat is received entirely within the recirculation conduit so that it is responsive to a high velocity flow of water drawn from the heat exchange zone.

Abstract: A liquid feed stock containing oil is deodorized in a semicontinuous process wherein the feed stock, in a first evacuated chamber, undergoes heat exchange with a deodorized stock in a second evacuated chamber, said stocks being circulated in their respective chambers by upwardly flowing steam introduced into each chamber between a partition, separating the two chambers, and a guide plate parallel to said partition and spaced therefrom, whereafter said feed stock is passed through a succession of steam heating stages to heat said feed stock to successively higher temperatures thereby deodorizing the feed stock and then withdrawn as deodorized stock and recirculated as deodorized stock to said second evacuated chamber to undergo heat exchange with said feed stock.

Abstract: A combination heat exchanger and blower unit suitable for connection into the breeching between a heater and the stack to admit hot flue gases into the unit. The flue gases enter a fan section wherein the hot flue gases and recirculated gases within the unit are accelerated by a fan. A helical coiled tube heat exchanger is positioned within the unit and is bombarded by the gases which are discharged by the fan. The turbulence created within the unit causes the heated gases to impact upon and to pass between the heat exchanger coils many times at high pressure. The repeated impacts of the heated gases upon the tube heat exchanger breaks down the boundary layer of stagnant gas surrounding the heat exchanger coils and results in greatly increased heat exchange efficiency.

Abstract: An electrically heated hot water system made of two superposed interconnected closed containers having a substantially elongated shape, a water inlet provided at the bottom of the lower container and a water outlet provided at the top of the upper container, two tubular members connecting the top surface of the lower container to the bottom surface of the upper container for allowing the water of the bottom container to raise into the upper container, immersible electrical heating elements disposed substantially across each container for heating the water adapted to be contained in the said containers, and a thermostatic control device connected to each container and to each heating element for maintaining the temperature of the water contained in each container at a predetermined degree, whereby the water heated in the containers by the heating elements is raised from the lower container to the tubular members.

Abstract: A continuous integral forced circulation cooling crystallizer for the processing of fluids which comprises, in vertical disposition:A. an upper fluid holding chamber having an inlet and outlet for the fluid to be processed and having a partition means vertically disposed therein to provide an inlet section and an outlet section, the partition means being positioned so as to permit fluid flow between the sections at the lower region;B. a heat exchange chamber comprising a multiplicity of separate vertically disposed tubular elements a fluid inlet and outlet to permit the flow of a heat exchange fluid through the extra-tubular portion of the chamber, and a multiplicity of horizontally disposed baffles adapted to direct the flowof the heat exchange fluid through the extra-tubular portion of the heat exchange chamber; and flow ofC.

Abstract: A cooling arrangement, particularly for a no-frost refrigerator, including a heat-insulated housing, containing air; heating means located in said heat-insulating housing for heating a portion of said air; cooling means located in said heat-insulating housing for cooling a portion of said air; and air guiding means for mixing at least a portion of the heated air with a portion of the cooled air.

Abstract: A pair of chambers each containing a body of liquid are separated by a single heat-conducting partition wall. A guide wall is parallel to and spaced from each side of the partition wall and steam is bubbled up between the two walls to recirculate the liquids in the chambers and thereby effect heat exchange through the wall. The liquid in the hotter chamber is recovered from a downstream stage of an oil deodorizing process. Baffles are provided above the gap between the guide walls and the partition wall to aid in fluid circulation.

Abstract: Improvements in horizontal, continuously internally circulating contacting-mixing devices of the type having therewithin an impeller, a circulating tube and (usually) an indirect heat exchanging tube bundle; providing baffles or baffling in large volume low velocity zones in the circulation path of such devices in order to increase velocity therewithin and create shear and turbulence, thus to improve mixing; providing baffles or baffling in the annulus or circulating tube (or both) of such devices which extend substantially normal to the conventional axial direction of flow in such vessels in order to markedly change the flow patterns and flow characteristics in the baffled zones.