Abstract: A two-stage steam condenser that prevents freezing from occurring in the tube rows by continual purging of the tube rows. Such continual purging prevents any steam from back-flowing into a tube row thereby eliminating the possibility that condensate or noncondensable gases will become trapped therein. This is achieved by isolating each of the tube rows in the second stage of the condenser so that the pressure of one tube row is not exposed to the pressure occurring in another adjacent tube row. The condensate collected in the various tube rows of this second stage is delivered to a common drain pot that is hydraulically balanced to accommodate the various pressures in these tube rows. Such hydraulic balancing also prevents any back-flowing from occurring from one tube row into another.

Abstract: A heat exchanger acting as a condenser having a plurality of tubes for cooling a refrigerant flowing through the tubes to condense the vapor phase of the refrigerant to a liquid is shown wherein the condenser has a plurality of headers having baffles and/or phase separators positioned therein. The refrigerant strikes a side wall of one of the headers and respective phases are separated by gravity. Additionally, phase separators may be used to selectively route the vapor and liquid phases to specific locations in the heat exchanger. By-pass lines are used to transfer the non-productive phase to a specific location in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A duplex heat exchanger comprises unit heat exchangers which have a plurality of tubes arranged parallel with each other and comprise fins each interposed between two adjacent ones of such tubes, opposite ends of each tube being connected to a pair of headers in fluid connection therewith. The unit heat exchangers are closely juxtaposed to each other fore and aft in a direction of air flow. Coolant circuits of said unit heat exchangers are connected either in series or in parallel with each other.

Abstract: A highly efficient parallel flow evaporator is provided by combining a pair of identical units (10), (12) wherein each includes a pair of identical, parallel, spaced headers (40) each having slots (44) receiving the ends of identical flattened tubes (22). Identical tanks (42) are bonded to each of the headers (40) and each has an identical central flat surface (52) and an identical, centrally located port (60). Fins (26) extend between adjacent tubes (22) in each unit (10), (12) and an inlet/outlet fixture (32) is bonded to the flat surfaces (52) of one pair of tanks (42) defined by adjacent tanks (42) of both of the units (10),(12). A cross-over fixture (30) is bonded to the flat surfaces (52) of the other pair of tanks (42) defined by the remaining tanks (42) of both of the units (10),(12).

Abstract: A system and method is provided whereby exhaust gases from a cold started internal combustion engine are rapidly brought to catalytic combustion conditions. Specifically, a closed system of a low pressure metal hydride heat exchanger and a high pressure metal hydride heat exchanger is provided which, upon engine ignition, effectuates hydrogen flow from the high pressure alloy exchanger to the low pressure alloy exchanger with rapid heating of the low pressure alloy due to hydrogen occlusion, and with the further provision that the heated low pressure hydride alloy exchanger is in heat exchange relationship with the cold started engine exhaust gases or the vehicle catalytic converter and provides heat necessary for initiation of catalytic combustion of pollutants in the said exhaust gases.

Abstract: A highly efficient parallel flow evaporator is provided by combining a pair of identical units (10), (12) wherein each includes a pair of identical, parallel, spaced headers (40) each having slots (44) receiving the ends of identical flattened tubes (22). Identical tanks (42) are bonded to each of the headers (40) and each has an identical central flat surface (52) and an identical, centrally located port (60). Fins (26) extend between adjacent tubes (22) in each unit (10), (12) and an inlet/outlet fixture (32) is bonded to the flat surfaces (52) of one pair of tanks (42) defined by adjacent tanks (42) of both of the units (10),(12). A cross-over fixture (30) is bonded to the flat surfaces (52) of the other pair of tanks (42) defined by the remaining tanks (42) of both of the units (10),(12).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to minimize a volume of a hollow body by a combination of a horizontal H-letter shaped type gas-liquid separator and a plurality of plate-fin heat exchangers having a larger heat exchange performance per volume. In the present heat exchanging apparatus, fluid and refrigerants flow about in the hollow body through pipes while gas and liquid phases of the refrigerants are repeatedly separated and mixed for heat exchange between the fluid and the refrigerants. The apparatus comprises a plurality of plate-fin heat exchangers for exchanging heat between the refrigerants and the fluid, and a gas-liquid separator including upper and lower accommodation portions which are hollow cylinders laid in a horizontal direction both ends of which are airtightly sealed and an intermediate accommodation portion which connects the upper accommodation portion to the lower accommodation portion so as to form a sideways H-letter shape.

Abstract: A laminate type heat exchanger is formed from a plurality of plates and integrally brazed and joined. This heat exchanger includes a joint block, a refrigerant heat-exchanging portion which causes heat exchange between refrigerants, and an evaporating portion which causes heat exchange between refrigerant and passenger-compartment air. The inventors formulated new index to perform successful integral brazing. A reference volume of a portion is a volume of the portion providing a predetermined amount of heat-receiving surface area of the portion,an index A of the portion is defined byA=(volume of material of the portion to be heated existing in a reference volume of the portion)/(the reference volume of the portion), and a ratio of an index A1 which is the index A of the first portion and an index A2 which is the index A of the second portion, i.e., A1/A2 is set within a certain range. Preferably, the certain range of the ratio of A1/A2 is defined by 1/2.2.ltoreq.A1/A2.ltoreq.2.2.

Abstract: An improved ground source heat pump system wherein the subterranean piping installation comprises modular heat exchange units. Each modular heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of parallel secondary conduits. The secondary conduits are connected between primary conduits by means of multi-tiered inlet and outlet manifolds. Each manifold comprises a three-way "T" or end member and at least one and probably several four-way connecting members. Each of the end members has one inlet and at least one and preferably two outlets. Each connecting member has one inlet and at least two and preferably three outlets. The inlets and outlets of the end members and connecting members are configured to interconnect interchangeably in male-female fashion. Elbow units are used to connect the ends of the secondary conduits with the inlets and outlet of the end members and connecting members. Thus, only two types of components are necessary to build heat exchange units having any number of secondary conduits.

Abstract: A duplex heat exchanger comprises unit heat exchangers which have a plurality of tubes arranged parallel with each other and comprise fins each interposed between two adjacent ones of such tubes, opposite ends of each tube being connected to a pair of headers in fluid connection therewith. The unit heat exchangers are closely juxtaposed to each other fore and aft in a direction of air flow. Coolant circuits of said unit heat exchangers are connected either in series or in parallel with each other.

Abstract: The lack of flexibility in selecting locations for inlets or outlets or crossovers for a heat exchange fluid in a heat exchanger can be minimized in a heat exchanger construction including first and second spaced, generally parallel, tubular headers (10), (12) having opposed ends with a plurality of tubes (20) in parallel and spaced from one another which extend between and have their ends in fluid communication with the interior of the headers (10), (12). A plurality of fins (22) are located between the headers (10), (12) in heat exchange relation with the plurality of tubes (20) and side pieces, (30) and (32) flank the plurality of tubes (20) as well as the plurality of fins (22) and extend between and are fastened to corresponding ones of the headers (10), (12).

Abstract: An assembly, and associated method, for dissipating thermal energy contained in a circuit element of an electrical circuit which is releasably connectable with a substrate to form an electrical connection with the substrate when connected therewith. A fluid conduit extends through a plate member which is positionable proximate to the circuit element to be moveable therewith. The fluid conduit is coupled to a fluid manifold when the electrical circuit forms the electrical connection with the substrate. Coolant fluid is supplied to the manifold and, when the fluid conduit is coupled to the fluid manifold, also the fluid conduit. Thermal energy generated during operation of the electrical circuit is transferred to the coolant fluid flowing through the fluid conduit. The location of the fluid conduit is repositionable responsive to reconfiguration of the electrical circuit.

Abstract: The design and assembly of past modular cooling systems required that cooling modules with different fluids be separated, lowering the efficiency of the system. The present invention overcomes this problem by providing a modular cooling system with a plurality of cooling modules, one of which is a hydraulic oil cooler. The cooling modules are connected to a bottom tank which has a top plate with a pair of openings 64,68 therethrough in each cooling module location so that fluid communication is established between the plurality of cooling modules and the bottom tank. However, fluid communication is blocked between the hydraulic oil cooler module and the bottom tank by inserting a plug in the openings so that fluid within the bottom tank is not leaked to the atmosphere. This results in the ability to mount the hydraulic oil cooler module on the bottom tank along with the remaining plurality of cooling modules having a different fluid therein.

Abstract: A permanently united plate heat exchanger normally comprises a plate package (1) having two end plates (3, 4) and several heat transferring plates (5) which are arranged therebetween. The end plates (3, 4) and the heat transferring plates (5) are permanently united, for instance by brazing, to a plate package the end plates of which have altogether four openings to form inlets and outlets for two heat exchange fluids. Two or more plate packages (1, 2) may be coupled together to form a plate heat exchanger. Preferably, plate packages of this kind are produced which have different numbers of heat transferring plates (5, 8).

Abstract: The modular heat exchanger system comprises at least a primary heat exchanger having two parallel manifolds with a chosen plurality of heat exchange tubes running therebetween, the manifolds defining a water pathway therein within which baffles are provided to produce a serpentine path through the manifolds and heat exchange tubes of the exchanger, one of the manifolds being an intake manifold and the other being a return manifold having a terminal return chamber, the chamber feeding into a return tube extending through the manifold and exiting the opposite end thereof, the tube being of smaller diameter than the manifold and creating an annular channel therearound through which liquid flowing through the exchanger is routed.

Abstract: A modular heat exchanger includes unitary finned tubular core elements which can be assembled into a multi-module heat exchanger without any brazed, soldered or welded connections or mechanical connectors. The modules are preferably made from extruded aluminum blocks into which the heat exchanging fins are cut or cold formed and into the ends of which flow accumulating passages are bored. The modules are assembled with a high strength adhesive sealant which simultaneously secures the modules together and seals the peripheries of the bored passages at the module interfaces.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a refrigeration circuit for condensing gaseous refrigerant and incorporating an integral refrigerant subcooler. The heat exchanger utilizes an oversized header communicating with the heat exchanger coils of sufficient volume to serve as a reservoir for condensed refrigerant eliminating the need for a separate receiver receptacle. Refrigerant subcooling occurs at the lower region of the receiver whereby the subcooler is automatically provided with liquified refrigerant from the condensing portion of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A high capacity condenser for automotive application is built up from two layers or modules so as to make maximum use of standard components. The tanks of header tank and tube type condensers are extruded with interfitting clearance notches and stand-off flanges along the length of the tanks that maintain the two modules spaced apart and aligned. A specially designed cross-over pipe interconnects the two modules in a fluid sense and also cooperates in mechanically joining the two.

Abstract: A modular cooler having a plurality of units which can be interconnected in a leak proof manner yet providing fluid flow therebetween. The cooler can be an oil or transmission fluid cooler and any suitable number of units and any suitable number of units may be stacked. Thus, a single unit can be used in conjunction with like units to provide any desired degree of cooling. The coolers are interconnected by fluid tight members between stacked units and by a nipple assembly on the uppermost unit having an adjustable member coupled to a sealing member on the lowermost unit.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for enhancing in-tube heat transfer within a tubular member. A fluid is introduced into the tubular member and then directed in a downstream direction through a coil of the tubular member. The first coil defines a first coil axis. The fluid is further directed in the downstream direction through at least one downstream coil. Each downstream coil has a coil axis which is rotated at a coil switching angle, with respect to the coil axis of the immediately upstream coil. The fluid is maintained at a turbulent flow level within at least a portion of a coiled section of the tubular member. The fluid is then discharged from the tubular member.

Abstract: A modular heat exchanger includes unitary finned tubular core elements which can be assembled into a multi-module heat exchanger without any brazed, soldered or welded connections. The heat exchanger may be constructed to be fully disassemblable or, in another embodiment, larger subassemblies of modules welded together may be used to provide units which are partly disassemblable to effect easy field replacement. The modules are preferably made from extruded aluminum blocks into which the heat exchanging fins are cut and into the ends of which flow accumulating passages may be bored. The modules are clamped together with tie rods and the sealed joints are positioned to be automatically compressed into sealing engagement upon tightening the tie rods.

Abstract: Low efficiency in an evaporator for a refrigerant may be increased by providing the evaporator with at least two passes (10, 12) defined by two rows of tubes (20) and four elongated header passages (24, 26, 28, 30) with the header passages (24, 26) being in fluid communication with the tubes (20) in the pass (10) and the header passages (28, 30) being in fluid communication with the tubes (20) in the pass (12). The pass (10) is downstream from the pass (12) and includes an inlet (32) to the header passage (24) intermediate the ends thereof. An outlet (34) is located in the header passage (28) for the pass (12) and intermediate the ends thereof. At least one fluid passage (36) extends between the headers (26, 30) intermediate the ends thereof.

Abstract: A sturdy heat exchanger, having a variable configuration, is constructed by separately building a primary heat exchanger and an auxiliary heat exchanger, connecting the primary heat exchanger and the auxiliary heat exchanger via brackets mounted on the header pipes of the primary heat exchanger and on the auxiliary heat exchanger, and fluid connecting the header pipes via a connecting pipe. On the tops and bottoms of the primary heat exchanger and of the auxiliary heat exchanger, a pair of reinforcing side plates are mounted, and by engaging the opposing reinforcement plates to assemble the primary heat exchanger to the auxiliary heat exchanger, the heat exchanger's sturdiness is further reinforced, thereby preventing the header tanks from deforming the tubes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a plurality of integrally assembled heat-exchanger cores each comprising a pair of header pipes, a plurality of flat heat-transfer tubes and a plurality of fins. A heat medium flows from an inlet tube connected to one of the header pipes to an outlet tube connected to another one of the header pipes through the plurality of heat-exchanger cores communicating with one another. The heat-transfer area of the heat exchanger can be increased without increasing the diameters of its header pipes, to thereby increase the total heat-exchange ability of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A sanitary concentric tube heat exchanger for cooling or heating flowable or pumpable products is disclosed. In one embodiment, two concentric tubes are sealed together with inlet and outlet openings. The product is allowed to flow through the outer of the two tubes while the heating or cooling medium flows through the inner tube. In another embodiment, a third concentric tube surrounds the product tube and is used for the flow of additional heating or cooling medium. A securing clamp open on one end of the product tube secures the product tube to the outer surface of the inner tube and can be easily dismantled for cleaning purposes. A seal assembly secures the other end of the product tube to the outer surface of the inner tube and permits relative movement between the inner tube and the product tube for accommodation of thermal effects during operation, and also to allow the asembly to be easily dismantled for cleaning or inspection.

Abstract: A heat transfer device is provided which has an improved energy efficiency, utilizes significantly less space and costs less than conventional condensers in refrigeration units. The heat transfer device comprises a plurality of coil units disposed in a serpentine configuration and which are juxtapositioned to decrease space requirements and increase heat transfer. The coil units are constructed by fist attaching a lateral fin to a tube. The tube is then bent to form a continuous helical structure and this helical structure is then bent to form a plurality of parallel interconnected individual units disposed in a serpentine configuration. Multiple rows of interconnected parallel units are arranged to interfit so that the condenser occupies a minimum amount of space.

Abstract: Inefficiency in heat exchange in an evaporator for a refrigeration system due to maldistribution of incoming refrigerant may be reduced in a structure wherein a plurality of hydraulically parallel flow paths are defined by tubes (20) having ends (84) in the interior of a header (10). Refrigerant inlets (70, 72) are provided for the header (10) at opposite ends (62, 64) thereof to generate streams (78, 80) of incoming refrigerant which impinge upon one another to dissipate the kinetic energy and/or momentum of the streams (78 and 80) which in turn results in an improved distribution of the refrigerant within the header (10). Refrigerant outlets are provided for a header. The outlets are at opposite ends thereof to generate two streams of outgoing refrigerant which reduces outlet resistance and thus provides for more uniform flow of the refrigerant.

Abstract: A modular cooler having a plurality of units which can be interconnected in a leak proof manner yet providing fluid flow therebetween. The cooler can be an oil or transmission fluid cooler and any suitable number of units and any suitable number of units may be stacked. Thus, a single unit can be used in conjunction with like units to provide any desired degree of cooling.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a plurality of integrally assembled heat exchanger cores each comprising a pair of header pipes, a plurality of flat heat transfer tubes and a plurality of fins. A heat medium flows from an inlet tube connected to one of the header pipes to an outlet tube connected to another one of the header pipes through the plurality of heat exchanger cores communicating with one another. The heat transfer area of the head exchanger can be increased without increasing the diameters of its header pipes, to thereby increase the total heat exchange ability of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A liquefier for the coolant in a vehicle air-conditioning system equipped with finned heat exchange tubes through which the coolant is conducted in cross-current to the inflowing ambient air. The heat exchange tubes are arranged in several rows of tubes disposed one behind the other in the direction of flow of the incoming ambient air with the respective heat exchange tubes being connected in cross-countercurrent flow. The rows of tubes are subdivided into several component groups (14, 16) which are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the incoming ambient air, with their fin arrangements being decoupled with respect to thermal conduction. The component groups (14, 16) are connected in series with respect to the coolant and in countercurrent to the direction of flow of the incoming ambient air.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having two mainfold ducts extending in parallel, adjacent relation connected to each other by heat exchange tubes. The manifold ducts are formed by a plurality of duct segments axially aligned one after the other in sealed relation and a support frame is arranged externally of the manifold ducts and is secured to and supports the duct segments individually at one of their ends. Each duct segment is secured to the frame at one of its ends while its other end is guidably supported and allowed to axially expand and contract relative to the end of the adjacent duct segment. This provides favorable resistance to the loads developed during operation as well as simple dismantling of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An improved steam power system comprising a turbine for converting steam energy into mechanical energy upon expansion of steam therein, a boiler for generating steam to be fed to the turbine, and a conduit arrangement coupling the boiler to the turbine input and then coupling the turbine exhaust to the boiler through air cooled steam condensing mechanisms, the condensing mechanisms including a plurality of U-shaped tubes through which the expanded steam flows and is condensed; front header means at the input ends of the tubes located in the cooler ambient air exposed regions of the tubes for receiving exhaust steam from the turbine; rear header means at the output ends of the tubes located in the warmer unexposed regions of the tubes for receiving condensate and non-condensible gasses; and means in the rear headers to remove non-condensible gasses from the rear headers, the tubes being designed and constructed to protect the tubes from freezing for lack of steam by employing a tube arrangement that flows stea

Abstract: In order to bring about, in the case of a crossflow heat exchanger with two heating sections which can be individually regulated through the heat transfer medium, a pipe routing adapted to the particular installation conditions in a motor vehicle, with minimum possible connections, the partition wall subdividing a central deflection header is provided with perforations further dividing both regions of the deviation zone for the heat transfer medium, for a purposeful routing of the heat transfer medium through integrated flow and return tubes from an outer deflection header to the respective opposite heating section. Only one flow pipe is connected to an outer deflection header and the two return pipes lead away from the same outer deflection header mutually separately for the heat transfer medium.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating water, especially a hot-water boiler. The apparatus has a combustion chamber and two or more heat exchangers that are disposed one above the other. The heat exchanger disposed in the bottom of the apparatus is associated with a condensation chamber. In order to be able to operate this heat exchanger without water, and to be able to raise the efficiency of the apparatus as a whole, the heat exchanger of the condensation chamber is provided with a fresh air inlet and a fresh air outlet. Air is conveyed through this heat exchanger, whereupon it is heated up. This warmed air is supplied to the burner of the apparatus.

Abstract: Radiator core modules are connected to a radiator frame and establish communication between spaced inlet and outlet manifold tanks on the frame by means of first cooperating male and female elements provided on a core module and one of the manifold tanks to establish communication between the one manifold tank and module upon the module and one manifold tank being moved against each other in a first direction and by second cooperating male and female elements provided on the module and the other of the manifold tanks to establish communication therebetween upon the module and other manifold tank being moved against each other in a second direction that is transverse to the first direction.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is formed by selectively stacking an appropriate number of functionally independent and discrete heat exchange panels, each of which is a complete heat exchanger in its own right with a set of vanes and two flow passages in indirect heat exchange relationship through said vanes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for the independent heating of the driver and front-seat passenger side of a passenger space, having flow pipes located at the ends of the heat exchanger at the transition between the upper and lower water compartment. These flow pipes are connected to the central flow connection via a flow channel transverse to the central flow connection and corresponding juncture channel. The transverse channel is located above a collecting chamber which is located at the lower side of the upper water compartment. The flow pipes guide the flow from the upper water compartment to the lower water compartment. Return pipes are positioned to guide the flow from the lower water compartment into the collecting chamber in the upper water compartment. From the collecting chamber the flow travels out of the upper water compartment through return connections.

Abstract: Radiator for a two-wheeled motor vehicle with a lateral V-type crankshaft straddle type engine. The radiator is attached to the front section of the down tubes and comprises an upper section between an upper tank connected to coolant recovery piping and a middle tank, and a pair of lower sections between the middle tank and a pair of lower tanks supplying coolant piping at both sides. One of the lower tanks is lower than the other, with a connecting pipe between them inclined so as to equalize the coolant flow speed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for the cooling of hot gaseous solids suspensions, particularly for the cooling of hot gaseous TiO.sub.2 suspensions resulting from the production of titanium dioxide by vapor phase oxidation of titanium tetrachloride. The device consists of a number of coaxially connected constructional units, each of which consists of three jacketed tubes, i.e., tubes 1, 2 and 3, which are coaxially connected in such a way that tube 1 conically tapers toward tube 2 and that tube 3 is larger in diameter than tube 2. Heat transfer is twice as high in the device of the invention as in a comparable conventional cooling tube of uniform inner diameter; moreover, the demand of scrub solids needed to prevent the formation of deposits on its walls is reduced to one third of the quantity needed in a conventional cooling tube.

Abstract: A plastic heat exchanger comprises a single heat exchanger construction made up of a plate having two spaced apart walls and with a plurality of substantially parallel cross webs interconnecting the two walls which define a multiplicity of longitudinal heat transfer medium flow channels. The plate is assembled with a distribution and collection element which has spaced apart walls which are adapted to be arranged in abutting relationship with the walls of the plate and welded together with them to form a unit. The distribution and collecting element includes at least one heat transfer fluid plastic nipple inlet connection and at least one heat transfer fluid plastic nipple outlet connection. Advantageously, each unit may be interconnected by means of a plate which connects one nipple element of one distribution connecting element with a different nipple element of the next adjacent distribution and collection element.

Abstract: A heat exchanger system for utilizing the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine to heat liquid. A system for heating water to be used in a carpet and furniture cleaning system is disclosed. A pump circulates water from a holding tank through a serial circuit including copper coils wound around primary exhaust pipes from an engine to a primary heat exchanger and a secondary exhaust pipe from the heat exchanger to the remainder of the exhaust system. The circuit includes the primary heat exchanger which comprises concentric copper tubes forming a water jacket therebetween. The exhaust gases enter the inner tube adjacent opposite ends and a deflector plate adjacent each entry causes a helical passage of the exhaust gases from either end along the inner tube in a manner causing maximum turbulence so as to maximize heat transference to the wall of the inner tube and thus the water jacket. The secondary exhaust pipe exits the exhaust gases mid-way between the ends of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Heat exchangers depend for efficiency upon optimum fluid flow, such as air, through their fins and about tubes extending through the fins. The air flow, particularly at the ends of a heat exchanger, can sometimes be of a significantly reduced amount owing to the construction of, or arrangement of elements in, the heat exchanger. First and second cores (12,14) of a heat exchanger (10) are positioned in a general "V" configuration with their inlet ends (24,42) adjacent one another. Apparatus (64) is provided upstream of the inlet ends (28,46) of the cores (12,14) to direct the air flow in a preselected orientation to inlet surfaces (20,38) of the cores (12,14) at the ends (28,46) of the cores (12,14). Air flow is thus improved over a portion of the heat exchanger (10) to increase its heat transfer efficiency.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for the cooling of hot gaseous solids suspensions, particularly for the cooling of hot gaseous TiO.sub.2 suspensions resulting from the production of titanium dioxide by vapor phase oxidation of titanium tetrachloride. The device consists of a number of coaxially connected constructional units, each of which consists of three jacketed tubes, i.e., tubes 1, 2 and 3, which are coaxially connected in such a way that tube 1 conically tapers toward tube 2 and that tube 3 is larger in diameter than tube 2. Heat transfer is twice as high in the device of the invention as in a comparable conventional cooling tube of uniform inner diameter; moreover, the demand of scrub solids needed to prevent the formation of deposits on its walls is reduced to one third of the quantity needed in a conventional cooling tube.

Abstract: An arrangement for exchanging heat between the environment and a heat-transfer fluid, especially a solar heat absorber, includes a plurality of heat exchange elements which are provided with external fins and have internal flow-through passages for the fluid. The heat exchange elements are mounted on and the passages thereof communicate with internal channels of collector pipes. The collector pipes are, in turn, connected by respective corner members to connecting pipes to form a frame therewith. Such a frame, together with the heat exchange elements mounted therein, constitutes a heat-exchanger unit. A plurality of such heat-exchanger units can be arranged next to one another and/or above another in substantially vertical positions, to form an energy fence or a protective wall with heat-exchange capability. Then, the connecting pipes of the individual heat-exchanger units are connected to one another to establish a continuous flow pattern of the heat-transfer fluid through the arrangement.

Abstract: A motor vehicle heat exchanger for independently heating different passenger areas comprising first and second tube/fin block units for transferring heat from coolant flowing through tubes thereof to air flowing therethrough to first and second passenger areas, respectively. Common upper and lower coolant reservoir tanks supply coolant to both tube/fin units and receive coolant returning therefrom respectively. Intake tubes extend through a common gap between the first and second tube/fin units to supply heated coolant to the lower cooling tank.

Abstract: A wrapped fin heat exchanger having a plurality of circuits is disclosed. A bottom circuit of the wrapped fin heat exchanger is arranged in multiple rows and has circuiting to provide hot gaseous refrigerant to the areas of highest frost concentration during operation in the defrost mode. The circuiting allows for hot gaseous refrigerant to enter the inner loop and then flow downwardly to the bottom of the coil where the highest frost accumulation is concentrated. Refrigerant then flows upwardly through the outer row of the coil to an intermediate transition loop. The refrigerant then flows upwardly through the inner row and then back to the outer row and downwardly to an inner stop loop before being connected to the header. Hence, by circuiting the heat exchanger in the appropriate configuration it is possible to achieve the optimal frost melting and heat transfer arrangement.

Abstract: Heat exchangers depend for efficiency upon maximizing fluid flow, such as air, through their fins about tubes extending through the fins. The air flow, particularly at the ends of a heat exchanger, can sometimes be of a significantly reduced amount owing to flow restrictions caused by the construction of, or arrangement of elements in, a heat exchanger. A core (12) of a heat exchanger (10) of the present invention utilizes a relatively varied angular arrangement for tubes (16) in the core (12) which improves air flow, particularly at the ends (28,40) of the core (12). Air flow is thus improved over a portion of the heat exchanger (10) to increase heat transfer, as well as purging of debris, for the folded or zipzag core arrangement described.

Abstract: A multi-circuit arrangement for a wound coil heat exchanger and a method for making it are disclosed. The coil circuits are wound from a continuous length of spine fin tubing; locations are determined for breaking into the wound, continuous length of tubing to form adjacent circuits; the tubing is cut; the cut ends are pulled toward the manifold and downwardly so that adjacent ends angle toward each other; and transition tubes are secured to the cut ends, the tubes crossing each other to form an "X" configuration.

Abstract: A single inlet/outlet-tank U-shaped tube heat exchanger is disclosed comprising a tank having a header plate and a plurality of U-shaped tubes whose legs extend through and terminate with an open end at one side of the header plate. A first group of the tubes is arranged so that the two open ends of each of these tubes are located in one and the other of two outboard rows extending longitudinally of the header plate. A second and remaining group of the tubes is arranged so that the return bends of these tubes criss-cross those of alternate tubes in the first group and have their open leg ends all located in a third and inboard row extending between the two outboard rows.

Abstract: Inefficiency in heat exchange in an evaporator for a refrigeration system due to maldistribution of incoming refrigerant may be reduced in a structure wherein a plurality of hydraulically parallel flow paths are defined by tubes (20) having ends (84) in the interior of a header (10). Refrigerant inlets (70, 72) are provided for the header (10) at opposite ends (62, 64) thereof to generate streams (78, 80) of incoming refrigerant which impinge upon one another to dissipate the kinetic energy and/or momentum of the streams (78 and 80) which in turn results in an improved distribution of the refrigerant within the header (10). Refrigerant outlets are provided for a header. The outlets are at opposite ends thereof to generate two streams of outgoing refrigerant which reduces outlet resistance and thus provides for more uniform flow of the refrigerant.