Abstract: Air enters each pass of a two-pass air heater in the same direction with respect to gas flows. Bypass air conduits connect each tube bundle of a first tier to the tube bundle of a second tier of adjacent gas ducts and are located between inlet and outlet air conduits and have common walls therewith.The bypass air conduits connect the tube bundles of all the gas ducts in a single closed (ring) circuit. It is possible to set the gas ducts either along the radius on a single circumference or in a joined-up arrangement with the gas ducts divided into two halves by a vertical partition.In an alternative embodiment, the bypass air conduits connect the tube bundles of all the gas ducts in an open circuit, the tube bundles of both tiers of the extreme gas ducts are half as wide and are arranged to form a single pass with respect to the air flow.The thermal efficiency of the air heater is the same as that of a Z-criss-cross type air heater.

Abstract: In order to preserve the quality of treated coking coal, the drying and preheating operation is performed in consecutive stages. For this purpose, a set of superimposed containers is provided with vertically oriented pipes for a heating medium, the pipes in each container having separate inlets and outlets. The bottom region of each container is further provided with horizontally directed pipes having separate inlet and outlet for receiving a pressure medium which is discharged into the bottom region of each container to produce a whirling bed of the coal. In this manner, the coal is preliminarily dried in the uppermost container, then additionally dried and preheated in the intermediate container, and heated to the desired final temperature in the lowermost container.

Abstract: Tube circuits for heat exchangers which provide same-end inlet and outlet connections are disclosed, in which each circuit includes conduits of two types. In a preferred embodiment, the first type conduit has two tubes and is generally U-shaped, and the second type conduit has four tubes. The inlets for each conduit are disposed adjacent each other in the assembled heat exchanger, as are the outlets for the conduits. To equalize flow and pressure drop a turbulence promoting device can be disposed in the U-shaped conduit. The circuits can be used for providing same-end connections on coils previously available only in opposite end connection configurations, such as for example, three-row full-circuited and six-row double circuited coils.

Abstract: An air heater comprises a plurality of passes, each having tube banks built into a gas conduit through which passes a flow of heating gas. It also comprises a plurality of delivery and collecting air ducts series-arranged one above the other. The delivery air ducts adjoin the tube banks of each pass and communicate therewith through outlets. The collecting air ducts adjoin the tube banks of each pass and communicate therewith by means of inlets. The collecting air duct is connected to the delivery air duct, the next-in-order along the flow of air, by means of interconnecting air conduits, which are positioned in the interspaces between the tube banks of each individual pass. Each interconnecting air conduit has an inlet orifice adapted to admit a flow of air passing from the collecting air duct, and an outlet orifice through which a flow of air passes from the interconnecting air conduit into the delivery duct.

Abstract: A heat exchange assembly is disclosed, which assembly when placed, for example, in a temperature controlled environment, allows heat exchange between the environment and a fluid passed through the assembly. The heat exchange assembly comprises a plurality of elongated headers each having closed ends and longitudinally arranged inlet holes and outlet holes to provide fluid passage through the header from the inlet holes to the outlet holes transversely to the longitudinal. The headers are interconnected by tubes so that the fluid will pass sequentially through successive headers. Each header may advantageously be provided with a removable plate to allow insertion of cleaning reamers into the inside of the tubes. The heat exchange assembly is adapted to be constructed from readily available materials to form a self-supporting unitary structure.

Abstract: Difficulties associated with the operational stability of a conventional cryogenic plant for manufacturing ammonia synthesis gas from a stream rich in hydrogen and a stream of nitrogen are reduced by using three heat exchangers in place of the conventional single heat exchanger. In use, the first heat exchanger, which is preferably arranged with its cold end uppermost, is used to cool the stream of nitrogen to a temperature which:(a) if the nitrogen is above its critical pressure is between 8.degree. and 28.degree. C. above its critical temperature; or(b) if the nitrogen is below its critical pressure is between 3.degree. and 9.degree. C. above its dew point.Part of the nitrogen leaving the first heat exchanger is passed downwardly through a third heat exchanger where it is further cooled before being introduced into a nitrogen wash column where it acts as reflux. The third heat exchanger is cooled by vapor leaving the top of the nitrogen wash column.

Abstract: A system for drying humid air to be used for ventilating a space defined by an enclosing covering, wherein said covering contains a first conduit system for circulating a cooling fluid, and a second conduit system for circulating humid air to be dried. At least part of said first system is in heat exchanging contact with said second system so as to cause condensation of water vapor contained in the humid air flowing in said second conduit system. Means are preferably provided for collecting the condensed water.

Abstract: A heat exchanger core (16) is angularly mounted in portions (12,12a) of a supporting frame. Locaters (32,34) are provided to properly locate the core (16) on the frame (12,12a) relative to air flow across the core (16). A resilient sealing mount (54,56), seals the frame (12,12a) core (16) connection, accommodates the locators (32,34) and damps vibration between the frame (12,12a) and core (16).

Abstract: A steam generating heat exchanger of modular design for cooling a high pressure, hot combustible gas laden with molten ash particles comprising a first convective cooler having a vertically orientated U-shaped gas pass housing a superheater and an evaporator, a radiant cooler disposed upstream of the first convective cooler and a second convective cooler housing an economizer disposed downstream of the first convective cooler. In-line tube bundles form the superheater, evaporator, and the economizer thereby minimizing ash deposition upon the heat transfer surface. The gas velocity within the radiant cooler is maintained low enough to permit molten ash particles entrained in the gas to coalesce and precipitate out of the gas stream, while the gas velocity within the convective coolers is maintained high enough to discourage ash deposition upon the heat transfer surface.

Abstract: The spaced apart elongated supporting members for the various tubular coils of a heat exchanger include vertically spaced apart openings in a wall portion thereof which faces an associated supporting member, the tubular coil being fitted to extend through the openings and thus be supported by the supporting members. A pair of such members, together with the supported tubular coil, comprise a heat exchange section, the entire heat exchanger including a multiplicity of such sections. Each individual section can be separately disconnected and removed from the heat exchanger if a leak develops in the supported tubular coil in a fast and efficient manner.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having one or more cooling cores connected between an inlet manifold tank and an outlet manifold tank is provided with a resilient element for mounting the cooling cores to the manifold tanks and sealing the connection therebetween. The resilient mounting and sealing element is formed so as to have a strip portion with at least one opening formed therein to receive the tube of a cooling core and a raised lip portion around the strip portion to provide a damped soft mount. The resilient element also includes a grommet portion around the opening which deforms to provide a liquid or fluid-tight seal between the outside of cooling core tubes and the inside of the manifold tank bores which are adapted to receive the tubes.

Abstract: An air cooled condenser installation comprising a first group of heat exchange elements including a plurality of rows of upright tubes impinged by a stream of cooling air and connected at upper and lower open ends by an upper manifold respectively, a lower collecting chamber to each other, and a steam conduit communcating with the upper manifold so that the steam flows in downward direction through the tubes and partly condenses therein with the condensate flowing in the same direction, and a second group of heat exchange elements including a second plurality of upright tubes impinged by a second stream of cooling air and connected at upper and lower open ends respectively by an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and a conduit connecting said lower collecting chamber of said first group of heat exchange elements with the lower chamber of the second group of heat exchange elements so that steam which has not been condensed in the first group of heat exchange elements will flow in upward direction through the s

Abstract: The copper inlet and outlet tube arrangements for an essentially all aluminum coil comprised of aluminum fins, hairpin tubes, and return bends, are ultrasonically soldered to open ends of the hairpin tubes at the same time as the return bends are soldered to the hairpin tubes in an ultrasonic soldering bath; with any bonds of the copper inlet and outlet tube arrangements, such as connections to an expansion device and a connection to a suction header being located at an elevation above the solder bath to preclude contamination of the bath from the bonds.

Abstract: A fluid medium is conveyed along a conduit. During its passage through the conduit, the fluid medium undergoes temperature change. The change in temperature of the fluid medium is performed in a step-wise manner by indirect heat-exchange with a fluid flowing countercurrent to the fluid medium, that is, by means of a plurality of heat-exchangers arranged along the conduit. The fluid medium forms incrustations and the rate at which incrustations form is different at different temperatures. This is taken into account by providing for the ratio between the lengths of any two heat-exchangers to approximate the ratio between the rates at which incrustations form at the temperatures of the respective heat-exchangers. Of particular interest is the extraction of bauxite with sodium aluminate lye.

Abstract: A method of decomposing pyrogenic molecules in contaminated water which is disposed within a closed water container to produce, with surprising low energy requirements, pyrogen-free water.The method comprises placing water which is suspected to contain pyrogenic material (herein called "contaminated") into a sealable pressurizable container, sealing said container, heating said sealed container to a temperature of from about 180.degree. to about 230.degree. C, preferably about 200.degree. C, to create within the container a pressure sufficient, i.e., from about 15 to about 36 atmospheres, to prevent the formation of steam in said container while destroying all pyrogens in the container. After attaining the desired temperature for a brief period, that is, about 1-10 minutes, the heat is removed and the sealed container is cooled to room temperature in any suitable fashion and the water therein is ready for use or storage within the container, as the exigencies of circumstances dictate.

Abstract: A system of heat exchangers for cooling process fluids. The system is particularly applicable to cooling steam generator blowdown fluid in a nuclear plant prior to chemical purification of the fluid in which it minimizes the potential of boiling of the plant cooling water which cools the blowdown fluid.

Abstract: A fluid medium is conveyed along a conduit. During its passage through the conduit, the fluid medium undergoes temperature change. The change in temperature of the fluid medium is performed in a step-wise manner by indirect heat-exchange with a fluid flowing countercurrent to the fluid medium, that is, by means of a plurality of heat-exchangers arranged along the conduit. The fluid medium forms incrustations and the rate at which incrustations form is different at different temperatures. This is taken into account by providing for the ratio between the lengths of any two heat-exchangers to approximate the ratio between the rates at which incrustations form at the temperatures of the respective heat-exchangers. Of particular interest is the extraction of bauxite with sodium aluminate lye.

Abstract: An improved solar water heater construction is diclosed wherein unique intake and exhaust manifold structures are utilized to control the flow of water through a plurality of heater panels. By virtue of the construction of the manifolds and their cooperation with the heater panels, normal valving systems are not necessary to the maintenance of a uniform, balanced flow of water through the improved heater of this invention.

Abstract: High temperature thermal exchange between molten liquid and a gas stream is effected by generating in a confined flow passageway a plurality of droplets of molten liquid and by passing a gas stream through the passageway in heat exchange relationship with the droplets. The droplets are recovered and adjusted to a predetermined temperature by means of thermal exchange with an external source for recycle. The process provides for removal of undesired solid, liquid or gaseous components.