Abstract: A system for cooling and recuperative heating of a slurry in a metallurgical process which includes heat exchangers, pumps and autoclaves is described herein. The heat exchangers use a non-scaling common liquid heat transfer medium. Preferably, the heat exchangers are tube-in-tube heat exchangers with 3 to 7 slurry tubes in each heat exchanger. An advantage of this system is that it does not use flash tanks. To minimize abrasive wear on impinged surfaces, the velocity of the slurry is not more than 5 meters per second. The slurry comprises a solids concentration of 25% to 50%. Preferably, the pumps in the system are float-type pumps in which the driven liquid from the discharge pumps is also used as the drive liquid for the feed pumps.

Abstract: An exhaust gas heat exchanger that includes a stack at least partially surrounded by a housing. The stack includes a first tube, a second tube, and a coolant duct between the first tube and the second tube. A fin is located within the coolant duct. The fin includes a first portion and a second portion and the first tube includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion of the fin is fixed to the first portion of the first tube such that the first portion of the fin is coupled to the first portion of the first tube for movement with respect to the housing, and the second portion of the fin is supported in the housing for movement relative to the second portion of the first tube to permit movement of the second portion of the first tube with respect to the second portion of the fin.

Abstract: An exchange apparatus comprised of hollow perfluorinated thermoplastic tubes fusion bonded into a perfluorinated thermoplastic material to form unified terminal end blocks is disclosed. The hollow tubes are shaped by plaiting the tubes into cords and thermally annealing the cords to set the bends of the plait. The apparatus can have a housing bonded to the unified terminal end blocks. In use a first fluid enters the hollow tubes at openings in a first unified terminal end block, flows through the lumens of the tubes, and exits the tubes through a second unified terminal end block. A second fluid enters the housing, is separated from the first fluid by the wall of the tubes, and substantially fills the space between the inner wall of the housing and the outer diameters of the hollow tubes. Energy is transferred between the first and second fluids through the tube walls.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger, comprising a closed chamber in which are arranged ribbed welded plates (40) defining therebetween independent and mutually penetrating circuits in which fluids flow, the side walls defining said chamber being attached onto vertical rails, characterised in that said plates comprise at each angle an edge (41) that fits into apertures formed on vertical angle corners (60), said rails being inserted into said corners. The use of angle corners for receiving the edges of the plates improves the assembly and the retention of the plates therebetween.

Abstract: An EGR cooler includes: a casing in which cooling water flows; a plurality of tubes in which exhaust gas flows, the plurality of tubes being housed in the casing; a header plate to which ends of the plurality of tubes are bonded, the header plate being bonded to an end of the casing; an inlet tank into which the exhaust gas is introduced, the inlet tank being bonded to the end of the casing; and a shielding member being provided in the inlet tank to shield a circumferential wall of the inlet tank from the introduced exhaust gas.

Abstract: A reflux condenser and a method for conducting away liquid from the lower region of reflux passages, is disclosed. The reflux condenser has at least one heat exchanger block which has reflux passages and refrigerant passages, and a pressure container which encloses the heat exchanger block at the top and laterally. The reflux passages communicate at their lower end with a header which is arranged below the heat exchanger block and has a phase-separating device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly for exchanging heat between first and second fluids, the assembly comprising a central manifold communicating with one of the inlet and the outlet for the first fluid; an annular manifold disposed around the central manifold and communicating with the other one of the inlet and the outlet for the first fluid; a plurality of heat exchangers interposed radially interposed between the central manifold and the annular manifold; and a plurality of axial inlet manifolds communicating with the inlet for the second fluid, and a plurality of axial outlet manifolds communicating with the outlet for the second fluid, the axial inlet and outlet manifolds being interposed circumferentially between the heat exchangers. According to the invention, the assembly has an inlet chamber disposed at a first axial end of the heat exchangers and putting the inlet(s) for the second fluid into communication with at least a plurality of axial inlet manifolds.

Abstract: A gas cooling device capable of efficiently cooling a gas such as an EGR gas, etc. is provided. A multiplicity of cooling pipes perpendicularly intersecting a gas flow direction in a gas pipe for a gas such as an EGR gas, etc. are provided to extend through an outer peripheral wall of the gas pipe, a cooling jacket is provided on an outer surface of the gas pipe on both sides of a group of the cooling medium pipes in an axial direction, or on the entire outer surface of the gas pipe, and the gas in the gas pipe is cooled by a cooling medium flowing through the cooling pipes.

Abstract: A chemical reactor for catalytic reactions, comprises a substantially cylindrical shell (2) closed at the opposite ends by respective covers (3 and 4), at least one reaction zone (7, 8) in which a respective catalytic bed (9, 10) and a plurality of heat exchangers (25) placed in said at least one reaction zone (7, 8) are supported.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed. The heat exchanger may have a conduit configured to conduct a fluid and at least one body of metal foam surrounding the conduit. The at least one body of metal foam may have a radially inner portion, a radially outer portion, and a radially intermediate portion between the radially inner portion and the radially outer portion. The at least one body of metal foam may have a lower percentage of void space at the radially outer portion as compared to the radially intermediate portion.

Abstract: An aluminum strip for a component, in particular a brazing component, in particular a tube or a disk, includes a profile having a brazing connection, wherein in at least one area, in particular in the area of the brazing connection: a first part of the strip thickness is taken up by a core layer of a first aluminum alloy; at least a second part of the strip thickness is taken up by at least one plating layer of a second aluminum alloy, wherein the first and the second aluminum alloy are configured to form a “brown band” layer during a brazing process; and at least a third part of the strip thickness is taken up by at least one “brown band” layer that is formed out of the first and the second aluminum alloy during the brazing process, and wherein a strip thickness of the aluminum strip is less than 500 ?m and a thickness of the core layer and/or a thickness of the plating layer is configured such that after the brazing process at least 5% of the strip thickness that is taken up by the first aluminum alloy of t

Abstract: A moisture separator/heater that removes moisture from highly moist steam and heats the steam from which the moisture has been removed to produce superheated steam is provided. The moisture separator/heater includes a cylindrical main shell, a moisture separator that removes moisture in steam to be heated that flows in through the bottom of the main shell, and a heater disposed above the moisture separator in the main shell. A plurality of restricting members are disposed in a heating space in the moisture separator/heater so as to sandwich a tube bundle side plate with an outer rail to restrict rounded-back deformation thereof and are disposed so as to satisfy an expression of 0.2?L1/L and L2/L?0.

Abstract: A thermally isolated counter flowing heat exchanger comprising two isolated fluids having different energy levels flowing in contained systems separated by fluid heat trap passages and utilizing gates that control flow into different cells based on temperature. A system for transferring and storing thermal energy comprising a refrigerant circulating in a tank in a vortex such that when the vortex flow of the refrigerant is in contact with multiple spaced tubing located inside the tank, energy is transferred between the refrigerant and a fluid flowing inside the tubing. A system for generating energy comprising a hot regenerator and a cold regenerator, each thermally isolated and connected to counter cycling hot expansion pistons that utilize compression of exhausting hot gas as it flows into the cold regeneration area to create a suction effect on the exhausting hot gas that adds power to the compression stroke of the piston to provide energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mass transfer or heat-exchange column, a tube bundle heat exchanger, with a first mass transfer or heat-exchange area, a first tube bundle (2), and a second mass transfer or heat-exchange area, in particular a second tube bundle (8), that is arranged spatially above the first mass transfer or heat-exchange area, which are surrounded by a cover (10?). In a tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention, a lower end section (40) of the second, smaller tube bundle (8) projects into a cover part (13?) of the first, larger tube bundle (2), by which an intermediate space (41) is formed between the lower section (40) of the second tube bundle (8) and the cover part (13?). In the area of this intermediate space (41), an inlet (26) for injecting a medium into the column and optionally a manhole (36) are arranged on the cover part (13?).

Abstract: A hydrogen storage tank includes a tank main body, partition sections, and a hydrogen flow pipe. The hydrogen flow pipe prevents MH powder from passing through and permits hydrogen to pass through. The tank main body includes a hollow body portion having openings on opposite ends. Dome portions are joined to opening ends of the body portion. Partition sections are provided in the body portion so that first retaining chambers, which retain the MH powder, are defined in the body portion. Extended portions, which serve as second partition members, are provided in the dome portions to divide the space in the dome portions into second retaining chambers, which retain the MH powder.

Abstract: The condenser heat exchanger includes a housing that provides a gaseous stream flowpath and a bottom wall. A gaseous stream contains acid. The housing has a fluid inlet configured to introduce a liquid, such as water. A coolant tube is disposed within the housing in the gaseous stream flowpath and provides a coolant path. Acid condenses on and falls from the coolant tube into a collection area that is provided at the bottom wall near the coolant tube. The collection area is configured to maintain storage of a predetermined amount of fluid that includes the liquid, which dilutes the condensed acid.

Abstract: A fluidic assembly for an air conditioning circuit comprises a first feeding line for a high temperature fluid, a second feeding line comprising a barrier material for a refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state, and a casing defining a first inlet and a first outlet connected to the second line; a chamber having an elongated shape and a minimum upper cross dimension as compared to the first inlet and second outlet; a second inlet and a second outlet connected to the first line; the fluidic assembly comprising a radiating body adapted to be crossed by the high temperature fluid and fluid-tightly connected to the casing between the second inlet and the second outlet within the chamber for defining an integrated silencer-exchanger assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel, adjustable heat exchanger 100 for reliably exchanging heat from a hot working fluid to a transfer fluid. The working fluid passes through an inlet plenum 110, at least one conduit 133 that may be a tube or a plurality of tubes, and out of an outlet plenum 150. A chamber wall 132 encloses the conduits 133 creating a central chamber 130 having interstitial spaces 139 around the conduits 133. A transfer fluid passes through the interstitial spaces in a direction substantially opposite the working fluid, absorbing heat from the conduits 133. A bypass 180 fluidically connects the transfer fluid source 170 to central chamber 130 proximate the inlet plenum 110. Cool transfer fluid bypasses a portion of the central chamber and is provided directly to the central chamber 130 proximate the inlet plenum 110 to cool structures there and reduce heat failures, while providing a constant flow of transfer fluid out of the heat exchanger 100.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas heat exchanger in an exhaust gas recirculation arrangement. The heat exchanger includes a plate stack which is surrounded by a housing. The plate stack can include two plates which are connected at their longitudinal edges to form a flat tube which contains a turbulator through which exhaust gas flows. The heat exchanger can also include a coolant duct which is equipped with flow directing elements arranged between two flat tubes. In order to make the exhaust gas heat exchanger more resistant to changing temperature stresses, the invention provides that the flow directing elements can be formed from a corrugated plate in which ducts with inlets and outlets are formed. At least some of the ducts in the inlet area of the coolant have a nonlinear profile so that changes in length are permitted between the plate stack and the housing.

Abstract: To provide an EGR cooler which has a small number of parts and achieves compact design with low cost. A plurality of flat tubes, each having a bottom to close an end thereof, is arranged in parallel. An opening of each of the flat tubes penetrates through a tube plate. Corrugated fins are placed in each of the flat tubes, thus forming a core. A casing encloses the outer circumferential surface of the core. The tube plate closes the opening of a tank body equipped with a partition. The edge of the partition is placed at an intermediate position in the width direction of the opening of the flat tube.

Abstract: Described are methods for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass that comprise passing a hot aqueous biomass slurry through a heat exchange passage from an inlet to an outlet and locally regulating pressure in the passage by feed of a pressurized liquid medium to one or more intermediate locations of the passage. Also described are methods for producing ethanol from the pretreated biomass.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular an exhaust gas heat exchanger for motor vehicles, having tubes (3) through which a gas can flow, which are arranged in a housing casing (2) and around which a liquid coolant can flow, wherein the tubes (3) have tube ends which are held by tube bases. It is proposed according to the invention that the tubes are embodied as flat tubes (3), and that, at least one side of the tubes (3), the tube ends (3a, 3b) are flared to form an approximately rectangular cross section and can be soldered to the tube bases (7, 8).

Abstract: A reactor is proposed for entrained flow gasification for operation with pulverized or liquid fuels, with an externally cooled draft tube protecting the slag discharge outlet. An outlet of the draft tube remains above a water line of a sump of the reactor and is formed from Molybdenum, an alloy featuring molybdenum, Tantalum or an alloy featuring Tantalum.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes first tubes and a second tube in a casing. The first tubes and the second tube are arranged in layers such that first spaces are provided between the adjacent first tubes and a second space is defined on a periphery of the second tube. Ends of the first tubes and the second tube are connected to a core plate such that first fluid passages defined inside of the first tubes and the second tube are in communication with a connection flange and the first and second spaces are separated from the connection flange. The casing includes an expansion that is in communication with the first spaces, and a side wall that is in contact with a side wall of an end first tube that is located adjacent to the second tube such that the second space is separated from the first spaces and the communication chamber.

Abstract: The heat exchanger (1) of the invention has exchange elements (2, 3?) and a casing (4) for accommodating the exchange elements (2, 3?). The casing (4) is formed by a plurality of walls connected together. The exchanger (1) is characterized in that the casing (4) has two L-shaped walls. The casing (4) is easier to manufacture and store.

Abstract: A syngas cooler that includes an outer wall defining a cavity. A first membrane water wall is positioned within the cavity. A thermal siphon is positioned between the first membrane water wall and the outer wall and is configured to channel a flow of syngas therethrough to facilitate cooling the channeled syngas.

Abstract: A heat exchange unit, adapted to performing heat exchange between first and second fluids at different temperatures, comprises a heat exchange apparatus provided with a tube bundle, crossed internally by said first fluid, and containing means of the second fluid, adapted to receiving the exchange apparatus so that at least one portion of the tube bundle is externally surrounded by the second fluid. The exchange apparatus further comprises connection means which are structurally separate from said retainer means and to which one end of the tube bundle is operatively connected.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a tube bundle including a plurality of heat exchanger tubes, each of the heat exchanger tubes having an inlet, an outlet, an outer surface, and a generally U-shaped bend region disposed between at least two straight tube ends, wherein at least a portion of the at least two straight tube ends includes flat tubes, a jacket part disposed around the tube bundle to enclose at least a portion of the tube bundle, wherein an interior is formed between the tube bundle and the jacket part to receive a coolant around the outer surface of each of the heat exchanger tubes, and a casing cover coupled to the jacket part to form a fluid tight seal therebetween, wherein the inlet and the outlet of each of the heat exchanger tubes fluid-tightly passes through the casing cover and extends outside of the casing cover.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a heat-exchange section including a first group of tubes and a second group of tubes alternating with the first group of tubes. The first and second groups of tubes are in contact with a heat-conductive medium. In one structure, a first inlet manifold at a first end of the heat-exchange section is fluidly coupled to first ends of the first group of tubes. A first outlet manifold is isolated from the first inlet manifold and is fluidly coupled to first ends of the second group of tubes. A second inlet manifold at a second end of the heat-exchange section is fluidly coupled to second ends of the second group of tubes. A second outlet manifold is isolated from the second inlet manifold and is fluidly coupled to second ends of the first group of tubes.

Abstract: An improved reactor for an HF alkylation unit of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger type has an axial tube bundle to provide cooling for the reactor and a centrally-located axial sparger system for injecting and dispersing the hydrocarbon reactants into the flow path in the reactor. The sparger comprises an axially-extensive tube with outlet nozzles for the hydrocarbon reactants arranged around the tube, preferably with differing radial angles, at different locations along the length of the sparger.

Abstract: A method for the production of heat exchangers (10, 110, 210) of the so-called plate type, comprising the operative steps of: —juxtaposing a couple of substantially identical metal plates (12, 14), —fixing together said juxtaposed plates (12, 14) to one another by means of welding performed at respective perimetric sides (13a, 13b, 13c, 13d), —further fixing together said juxtaposed plates to each other by means of a plurality of welding tracts (22), arranged in at least two alignments, parallel and adjacent to a couple of opposite perimetric sides (13a, 13c) of the plates themselves (12, 14), and at a pre-established spaced relationship from said sides, —introducing a fluid under pressure between said juxtaposed metal plates (12, 14), to form a hollow, substantially box-shaped body (17), in which an internal chamber (16) and two substantially tubular passages (16a, 16b), formed between said couple of opposite perimetric sides (13a, 13c) and the respective adjacent alignments of the welding tracts (22), are d

Abstract: A heat exchanger collects exhaust heat of high temperature so as to warm up an engine and to heat a cabin and a battery and reduces noise of an exhaust gas.

Abstract: This invention is a tube bundle heat exchanger for thermophoretic deposition of aerosol particles. It has a housing with an internal chamber, and several cold and hot tubes. The cold and hot tubes are arranged in a staggered manner in the internal chamber of the housing. Low and high temperature fluids flow inside the cold and hot tubes, respectively. When the exhaust gas passes through the chamber, temperature gradient between the cold and hot tubes causes aerosol particles suspended in the exhaust gas to deposit on the surface of cold tubes to achieve the treatment of exhaust gas. Staggered arrangement of cold and hot tubes can maintain nearly constant temperature gradient in the direction of the gas flow thereby enhances the overall removal efficiency of particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermal conductive cylinder installed with U-type core piping and loop piping for being installed within natural thermal storage body or artifical thermal storage body; wherein the piping segments of fluid inlet terminal and/or outlet terminal of the U-type core piping and loop piping are directly made of thermal insulating material, or thermal insulating structure is installed between the inlet terminal and the outlet terminal; so as to prevent thermal energy loss between adjacent piping segments on the same side when thermal conductive fluid with temperature difference passing through.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device, which is composed of one or more parallel or quasi-parallel installed fluid piping by series connection or parallel, every piping is specifically distributed by one or more double-scroll arrangement for transmitting thermal conductive fluid, and the double-scroll fluid piping constitutes fluid flow uniformly distributed by temperature difference.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the heat absorbing or dissipating device with piping staggered and uniformly distributed from both sides toward the middle by passed temperature difference fluid, wherein the temperature difference fluid passes through the neighboring piping of the heat absorbing or dissipating device, and the synthetic temperature in the device is more uniform, so as to form a more uniform temperature distribution status on the passively heat dissipation or absorption receiving article or space.

Abstract: A heat exchange assembly for generating steam from a second medium to be used to drive a steam turbine for generating electricity or for other process, includes a tube having a longitudinal axis and an inner wall and an outer wall. The outer wall includes a plurality of spaced fins oriented generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The inner wall defines a preheat zone and a dual phase zone. The preheat zone defines a helical rib configured to provide swirling motion and increase heat transfer surface area to liquid entering the tube increasing heat transfer from the tube to the liquid. The dual phase zone is spaced from the preheat zone and defines a helical rib configured to provide swirling motion to steam and liquid passing through the dual phase zone increasing heat transfer from the tube to the steam and liquid while preventing vapor stagnation and film boiling.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses which achieve high heat transfer in a fluid cooling system, and which do so with a small pressure drop across the system. The present invention teaches the use of wall features on the fins of a heat exchanger to cool fluid in a fluid cooling system. The present invention also discloses high aspect ratio, high surface area structures applicable in micro-heat exchangers for fluid cooling systems and cost effective methods for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a housing and a core having a shell. The shell may have an upper wall, a lower wall, and a pair of opposed side walls interconnecting the upper and lower walls to define at least part of an enclosure in which a fluid may be received. The housing may have an upper plate adjacent to the upper wall, a lower plate adjacent to the lower wall and a pair of side plates each adjacent to a separate one of the side walls. The upper plate may be connected to the lower plate and the side plates may be connected together to support the upper wall, lower wall and side walls of the shell. The support provided by the housing may, in at least some applications, permit use of a lower strength and less expensive shell.

Abstract: A phase separator and fluid storage volume device for a heat exchanger comprises a vessel, a vapor tube, a liquid tube, an access tube and a flow regulating device. The vessel comprises a first chamber, a second chamber, and a divider separating the first chamber from the second chamber. The vapor tube extends from within the second chamber, through the divider and the first chamber to outside the first chamber. The vapor tube also includes holes between an inlet and an outlet of the tube within the first chamber. The liquid tube extends from within the second chamber to outside of the second chamber. The access tube connects to the second chamber. The flow regulating device is disposed within the vapor tube to provide phase separation between refrigerant traveling between the first chamber and the second chamber within the vapor tube.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a heating device, especially a fuel value heating device, made up of at least two vertically aligned members, and, in each case, one cover at the end face, which form a combustion chamber, and laterally border at least one heating gas flue, that leads from the combustion chamber in the upper region downwards to an exhaust collector in the lower region, having heat exchanger surfaces which, on the heating gas side, are provided with elements that increase the size of surfaces, especially in the form of ribs, optionally having at least one middle member between the two bordering outer members, and having a plurality of channels guiding the heating medium flowing through in parallel and/or in series in the members and/or the covers. The present system provides a compact heat exchanger for a heating device, and which is light and is especially suitable for the fuel value operation.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process and apparatus for integrating the heat transfer zones of spiral-wound, plate fin, tube and finned tube exchangers thus increasing the overall effectiveness of the process.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a heat exchange module to help employ usable heat to pre-warm a water supply prior to entry into a tankless water heater. The module comprises an insulated housing having an inner shell having a top end, bottom end and cylindrical middle portion. A first intake attaches to the insulated housing which introduces cooling water from the cogeneration system, while a second intake feeds the water supply coils (positioned within the insulated housing) to effectuate heat exchange with the cooling water. After heat exchange, a first outlet removes cooling water for return to the cogeneration system, while a second outlet removes the water supply from the cooling coils. Upon removal, this water supply may be fed into a tankless water heater. A controller connected to both outlets and inlets optimizes efficient exchange of energy through timing introduction and removal of the water supply from the module.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger used for an EGR cooler or the like, in order to provide a heat exchanger that has a small number of parts, is assembled easily, can flow cooling water evenly at each part, and does not cause partial boiling, a strip-shaped metal plate is turned up and bent in a fanfold manner, flat first flow channels 3 and second flow channels 4 are formed alternately, both the ends of the first flow channels 3 are closed with slit blocks 6, projecting stripes 3a are bent and formed at the positions of ports 11 for the cooling water 10 in proximity to the slit blocks 6, and gaps 3c are formed between respective paired projecting stripes 3a.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling high-temperature gas includes a gas tank portion into which the high-temperature gas is supplied through an inlet port of the gas tank portion, a plurality of tubes configured such that the high-temperature gas flowing from the gas tank portion passes therethrough, and a cooling-medium tank portion covering each of the tubes with a gap defined therebetween. Each of the tubes has an expansion portion located at a side of the inlet port. A cooling medium flows in the gap on an outer peripheral surface of the tube. The gas tank portion, the cooling-medium tank portion, and the expansion portion of the tube are stacked such that a partition portion between the gas tank portion and the cooling-medium tank portion has a thickness larger than a thickness of the gas tank portion or the cooling-medium tank portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aircraft nacelle that comprises a discharge means (50) for establishing a communication between the inside of the nacelle and the outside thereof, and a junction area between two members (54, 56), and at which the two members are superimposed, both members each having a surface defining the outer surface of the nacelle on either side of the junction area, characterised in that said discharge means (50) includes a dual-portion shim (52), i.e. a first portion provided between the superimposed panels and including at least one protruding and/or recessed member for forming a passage between said panels in order to establish a communication between the inside and the outside of the nacelle, and a second portion at the level of only one panel, i.e. that located inside at the junction area, in order to protect the same against excessive temperatures.

Abstract: A method for improving the overall thermal efficiency of a coal power generation plant by transferring heat from a raw synthesis gas stream to solid fuel used as the primary feed to the gasifier, comprising the steps of initially cooling the syngas exhaust by transferring heat to a makeup conveyance gas feed to the dry feed preparation system, feeding a solid fuel component and a portion of the makeup gas stream into a grinding mechanism for the solid feedstock, forming a two-phase solids/gas stream comprising ground feedstock particulates and makeup gas, heating and drying the ground solid feedstock particulates to remove water, separating and removing water vapor formed in the heating and drying step, and feeding the heated and dried solids/gas stream to the gasifier.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, a reinforced header assembly for use in a heat exchanger, and a method of assembling a heat exchanger. The reinforced header assembly may include a header connectable with a tank to define a collection tank assembly, the header including a central portion defining a plurality of header openings, and a connecting portion connectable to the end of the tank wall such that the tank portion and the header cooperate to define the collection tank assembly, the connecting portion including a wall extending at a non-parallel angle relative to the central portion, and a reinforcement member including an inner portion defining a plurality of member openings, and an outer portion extending at a non-parallel angle relative to the inner portion, the outer portion being complementary to and connected to at least a portion of the wall of the connecting portion of the header.

Abstract: A method and systems for a purged seal for an annular space are provided. The purged seal includes a first baffle element that extends from an inner surface of the annular space into the annular space at an oblique angle and a second baffle element that extends from an outer surface of the annular space above the first baffle element in a direction opposite gravity flow into the annular space wherein the second baffle element extends at an oblique angle. The system also includes a third baffle element that extends from the inner surface above the first baffle element in a direction of gravity flow into the annular space wherein the third baffle element extends into the annular space at an oblique angle with respect to the inner surface and wherein a distal end of the third baffle element is positioned proximate a distal end of the second baffle element.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating steam within a heat exchanger. In one aspect, the invention can be a heat exchanger comprising: a shell having an inner surface forming a cavity, the shell comprising an inlet for introducing the shell-side liquid into the cavity and an outlet for allowing the vapor to exit the cavity; a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tubes for carrying a tube-side fluid located in the cavity and having a longitudinal axis; a shroud circumferentially surrounding the tube bundle and positioned between the tube bundle and the inner surface of the shell so that an annular space exists between the shroud and the inner surface; an opening in a bottom portion of the shroud that forms a passageway between the annular space and the tube bundle; and an opening in a top portion of the shroud that forms a passageway between the annular space and the tube bundle.