Abstract: A heat exchanger module includes a first heat exchanging body including at least one first through hole and a second heat exchanging body including at least one second through hole. The second heat exchanging body is configured to be coupled to the first heat exchanging body, and an accommodation hole is provided between the first heat exchanging body and the second heat exchanging body by the first heat exchanging body and the second heat exchanging body being coupled together.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a sound attenuating flooring system. The sound attenuating flooring system has a subfloor, a sound attenuating material overlaying and contacting only a portion of the subfloor, and an overlayment. The sound attenuating material has a first surface and second surface. The first surface is defined by a plurality of outwardly projecting hollow protrusions. The second surface is defined by a plurality of open recesses corresponding to the plurality of outwardly projecting hollow protrusions. The overlayment overlays the second surface of the sound attenuating material.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a vacuum insulated cabinet structure having an exterior wrapper with a plurality of exterior walls exposed to ambient conditions. One of the exterior walls includes an outer surface and an inset portion that is inwardly disposed relative to the outer surface of the exterior wall. A skin condenser system is disposed within the inset portion along an outer surface of the inset portion. The skin condenser system includes a coil array defined by a coil disposed in a coil pattern. The skin condenser system further includes a cover assembly covering the coil array and in thermal communication with the coil array to facilitate the dissipation of heat to the ambient surroundings.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus for heating or cooling a room of a building. The apparatus includes a radiant panel supported on a wall, which radiates energy to or from a room. The radiant panel has a conduit for passage of a fluid. The invention also includes a heat exchange device which heats or cools the fluid, which is installed inside the wall between two studs. A first line and second line connect the inlet and outlet to the heat exchange device. A pump that pumps the fluid that is heated or cooled by the heat exchange, whereby the room is heated or cooled depending on whether the fluid is heated or cooled by the heat exchange device.

Abstract: A flooring underlayment includes a base membrane and a cover membrane. The base membrane is configured to be installed between a subfloor and floor tiles to allow movement of the floor tiles relative to the subfloor. The base membrane includes a base layer and studs projecting from the base layer. The studs have free ends that define pockets therein. The cover membrane is configured to be coupled to the base membrane to form a flat surface for supporting the floor tiles. The cover membrane includes a cover layer and studs projecting from the cover layer. The studs on the cover membrane are configured to fit within the pockets in the base membrane to couple the cover membrane to the base membrane.

Abstract: A climate control system of a motor vehicle having a refrigeration circuit and a coolant circuit. The refrigeration circuit includes a compressor, a refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger operable as a condenser/gas cooler for heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant of the coolant circuit, and at least one first refrigerant-air heat exchanger for conditioning intake air for the passenger compartment having a first expansion element upstream in a flow direction of the refrigerant. The coolant circuit includes a conveyor device, a first coolant-air heat exchanger heating the intake air for the passenger compartment, and the refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger. A refrigerant-air heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and ambient air is provided. The refrigerant-air heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger in the flow direction of the refrigerant.

Abstract: A technology includes a first plate including a first pair of legs defining a first channel; a second plate including a second pair of legs defining a second channel; a first block supporting the first plate and the second plate such that the first block is positioned between the first channel and the second channel; a second block including a U-shaped trench with a first open end portion and a second open end portion, wherein the first open end portion leads to the first channel, wherein the second open end portion leads to the second channel; a tube extending within the U-shaped trench; and a U-shaped cover covering the U-shaped trench.

Abstract: The invention provides novel articles of composite materials having hollow interior channels or passageways, or otherwise being hollowed out, and formulations and methods for their manufacture and uses. These hollow core objects are suitable for a variety of applications in construction, pavements and landscaping, and infrastructure.

Abstract: A concealed heating system that includes one or more heating units. Each heating unit has a frame that enables the heating units to be stacked against one another and to be attached to framing members of a wall. Each heating unit also includes a housing that is attached to the frame. The housing extends into the wall to define a recess portion through which a heat supply pipe with heat-dissipating fins attached thereto extends.

Abstract: An underlayment system is provided that includes a plurality of protrusions that extend from a common base member. The protrusions and base member can include an opening therethrough that allows for subsequent layers of material, such as adhesive, to interact and bond to each other. The protrusions are arranged in such a way to contain a wire, string, or heating element, within a receiving area. The arrangement of the protrusions allow for routing of the wire, string, or heating element in a variety of angles, bends, and other routing layouts.

Abstract: Mounting brackets used for mounting decorative panels to walls is provided. The mounting brackets may each include a substantially planar body having a front surface, a rear surface, a top end and a bottom end forming a height in between, and a first end and a second end, forming a length in between. The mounting brackets further include at least one hook rail protruding from the front surface of the body at an angle relative to the front surface. The hook rail runs along at least a portion of the length of the body. A hook rail of a first bracket interlocks with a hook rail of a second bracket when the second bracket is disposed in an upside position relative to the first bracket.

Abstract: An underlayment system is provided that includes a plurality of protrusions that extend from a common base member. The protrusions and base member can include an opening therethrough that allows for subsequent layers of material, such as adhesive, to interact and bond to each other. The protrusions are arranged in such a way to contain a wire, string, or heating element, within a receiving area. The arrangement of the protrusions allow for routing of the wire, string, or heating element in a variety of angles, bends, and other routing layouts.

Abstract: A system for regulating temperature and moisture on a field, while also absorbing an impact force from the field, uses adjacently joined panels positioned beneath the field, and that have sufficient thermal mass to transfer heat between an underlying fluid and the field. The temperature of the fluid regulates the temperature of the field, such that the field can be heated and cooled accordingly. The panels have water exfiltration and infiltration holes to drain moisture buildup from the field, and aeration channels for circulation. An interior region of each panel is defined by tube channels. The tube channel carries at least one fluid tube through the joined panels. The fluid tube carries a fluid having a predetermined temperature. The heat transfers between the fluid and the field through the plurality of panels. The temperature of the fluid can be adjusted to affect the temperature on the field.

Abstract: An underlayment includes a base layer having a base elevation and a series of individual supports extending upwardly from the base layer and being configured to create voids in a layer of bonding material used to adhere the veneer material to the underlayment. Each of the individual supports includes: at least one outer wall extending upwardly from the base layer and terminating at an upper lip, a bowl area defined adjacent a center of each of the individual supports and having a foot support defined at a bottom of the bowl area; and an internal wall extending downwardly and inwardly from the upper lip toward the foot support. An elevation of the foot support is substantially the same as an elevation of the base layer immediately adjacent the outer wall of each of the individual supports.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a multilayered pipe having a layer comprising a resin composition containing EVOH, which is unlikely to exhibit the occurrence of cracking in the EVOH layer due to oxidative degeneration and has excellent gas barrier property even during long-term usage at high temperatures, and also to provide a resin composition for obtaining the multilayered pipe. The present invention relates to a resin composition containing 0.001 to 5 parts by mass of an antioxidant (B) and 0.00001 to 0.3 parts by mass of a conjugated polyene compound (C) having a molecular weight of 1000 or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A).

Abstract: Modular, prefabricated radiant panel, having a sandwich structure including a thermally insulating rear layer (1), a front layer acting as mechanical support and outer surface finish, and two radiant pipes (4) integrated in the panel for the flow of a heat-carrying fluid. The radiant pipes (4) are housed in preformed grooves (2) in the thermally insulating rear layer. In the same layer there are further provided two parallel, longitudinal grooves (3) for the housing of a pair of headers (5) which supply the radiant pipes (4). The headers (5) housed in the grooves (3) cross the entire panel and end in correspondence of the opposite short sides thereof, where they are connected to the radiant pipes (4) via T-junctions (6), a free mouth of which faces outwards for connection via sleeves (7) to T-junctions (6) of other panels, both directly and through connection pipes.

Abstract: A sub-flooring panel with improved impact and/or sound deadening (ISD) properties that is adapted to adjoin other sub-flooring panels to form a sub-flooring panel assembly, includes a base body having an upper surface formed with a groove for receiving a heating/cooling element, such as hydronic piping. A sub-flooring system with significantly improved ISD properties includes the panel assembly and an underlayment assembly which comprises a plurality of stabilizing supports, each support being adjustable in height, to support at least a generally rigid board and a fiberboard on which finishing flooring or laminate may be installed.

Abstract: A system of spacecraft radiators comprising pre-formed thermal-transfer modules joined together by at least one solid-state welding process. Critical failure points are eliminated by forming the thermal-transfer modules as a single unitary piece, preferably by an extrusion process. The thermal-transfer modules allow the formation of larger radiator assemblies, which may comprise a wide range of sizes and physical geometries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for cooling a wall of a component, where a fluid flow flows parallel to the wall, with at least one inflow duct, the center axis of which being arranged inclined to the plane of the wall, with a groove provided in the wall, into which issues the inflow duct, where a wall of the groove is designed contoured downstream of a discharge opening of the inflow duct and has an inflow edge facing the discharge opening, characterized in that the groove extends on both sides of the discharge opening and adjacent to the inflow edge at an angle to the direction of the fluid flow, and has a narrowing width.

Abstract: A system may include a chassis having a pair of stationary rails mechanically coupled thereto. Each stationary rail may receive a corresponding telescoping sliding rail. Each stationary rail/sliding rail combination may be configured to convey a cooling fluid to or from a heat exchanger.

Abstract: A system for installing tubing of hydronic thermal control systems in the walls, including ceilings, of buildings allows for the stable incorporation of the tubing in the walls while ensuring good thermal conductivity between the tubing and the building's room. The system features a wall including a hydronic thermal management system. The wall comprises a vertically-extending wall support structure, tubing panels secured to the wall support structure, the panels being constructed from wood material, tubing in the tubing panels for carrying a heat transfer fluid, and drywall panels secured over the tubing panels. A filling material is applied between the tubing and the drywall panels. Also a high thermally conductive layer, such as aluminum foil, is used between the filling material and the drywall panels or between the filling material and the tubing panels.

Abstract: A floor-positioned air-conditioning apparatus including a housing including a fan and a heat exchanger; a forward blowing control member rotatably arranged at a forward air outlet formed in a housing front surface at a position near a housing top surface; and an upward blowing control member rotatably arranged at an upward air outlet formed near the housing front surface are included. The forward blowing control member closes the forward air outlet and the upward blowing control member closes the upward air outlet during operation stop. The forward blowing control member closes the forward air outlet and the upward blowing control member is rotated and opens the upward air outlet during cooling operation. The upward blowing control member closes the upward air outlet and the forward blowing control member is rotated and opens the forward air outlet during heating operation.

Abstract: A temperature control module for a socket is provided with of an upper docking plate and a lower docking plate. The upper docking plate has a recess for accommodating a socket and two temperature-controlling fluid passages. One end of the passages communicates with the recess, and the other end thereof is connected to a temperature-controlling fluid source. The lower docking plate is disposed under the upper docking plate and covers the recess. A fluid chamber is formed of the recess of the docking plate, the lower docking plate and the socket. The temperature-controlling fluid source outputs a temperature-controlling fluid to the fluid chamber via the temperature-controlling fluid passages for maintaining the socket at a specific temperature.

Abstract: A panel includes an insulating material, first channels disposed in a first surface of the insulating material, and second channels disposed in the first surface of the insulating material. The second channels are disposed at a first angle relative to the first channels. Additionally, the first channels and second channels are arranged such that each of the first channels is substantially parallel to the other first channels and each of the second channels is substantially parallel to the other second channels. The panel further includes a first retention clip disposed in one of the first channels. The first retention clip is configured to suspend an object having a substantially round cross-section within the one of the first channels. The first retention clip is further configured to prevent the object from contacting walls of the one of the first channels.

Abstract: A food cabinet is provided that includes an enclosure with an access door, shelves carried by and vertically arranged within the enclosure, and a heat transfer arrangement. The heat transfer arrangement includes a pump, fluid conduits coupled with the pump and associated with the shelves of the enclosure, a primary tank, and an auxiliary tank. The primary tank is fluidly connected to the pump and contains a heat transfer medium. The auxiliary tank is coupled with the primary tank and provides make-up heat transfer medium to the primary tank. Also provided is a method of warming food using such a food cabinet that includes the steps of placing a food item on one of the shelves, heating the heat transfer medium to a temperature between 200° F. and 250° F., and pumping the heat transfer medium through the shelf.

Abstract: A dynamic insulation system suitable for deployment within an envelope or facade of a building or habitable construction is described. The system comprises one or more layers of insulation and one or more void space forming elements (5,12b). The void space forming element comprises a panel attachment means (6) for connecting this element to a layer of insulation and a spacer element (9) that provides a means for defining at least one void space within the envelope or facade to facilitate the uniform, bi-directional, actively or passively driven flow of ventilation air through the void space. The resultant dynamic insulation systems can be made directly from any commonly available insulation sheet material, or combination of materials. This reduces the costs of the system without sacrificing performance or versatility. The system can be cut to any dimension, and joined together without loss of functionality to maximise insulation coverage of the building envelope or facade.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modular panel for thermal energy transfer particularly configured for being used in ceilings and walls, comprising a heat-insulating layer (2) forming a supporting structure demarcated by a lower face (2A), an upper face (2B), two side faces (2C, 2D) and two end faces (2E, 2F). Said panel (1) comprises at least one conducting plate (3) attached to the lower face (2A). Said conducting plate (3) is formed by a groove (31) embedded in the heat-insulating layer (2), defining a longitudinal cavity (32) which is configured to house a hydraulic pipe (6), and defining a longitudinal opening (34) which allows inserting the hydraulic pipe (6); a transfer plate (35) extending on the lower face (2A) and closure means (4) configured to seal the longitudinal opening (34) and press the hydraulic pipe (6) against the groove (31).

Abstract: A hydronic radiant flooring heating system includes a pipe having pipe sections, and a grid of a thermally conductive material. The pipe sections are arranged substantially parallel to one another along a first axis, where there is a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. The pipe is to carry a heated liquid to radiantly heat a flooring under which the pipe is situated. The grid is situated relative to the sections. A portion of the grid is positioned substantially parallel to the second axis, and has an increased gauge to provide for lateral heat flow from the sections along the second axis. Heating of the flooring under which the pipe and the grid are situated is substantially uniform at least partially due to the increased gauge of the portion of the grid positioned substantially parallel to the second axis, while permitting wider spacing between adjacent of the pipe sections.

Abstract: A configurable electronics cabinet cooling system includes a cabinet having multiple walls including at least one universal cabinet wall. The universal cabinet wall has a planar outward facing surface and multiple apertures. A heat transfer component is releasably connected to the universal cabinet wall. The heat transfer component is selected from either a conductive cooling member or a convective cooling member each adapted to be interchangeably and releasably connected to the universal cabinet wall using fasteners extending through same ones of the apertures. Each of the conductive cooling member and the convective cooling member includes a planar surface, the planar surface adapted to directly contact the outward facing surface of the universal cabinet wall.

Abstract: A panel having a surface for supporting heat transfer tubing and at least one edge for mating and interlocking with an adjacent panel, improves versatility in leading the tubing upon the supporting surface in a variety of configurations.

Abstract: A vacuum chamber for processing a substrate includes: a chamber body; and a chamber lid combined with the chamber body, wherein the chamber lid comprises: a frame having a plurality of openings; and a plurality of plates combined with the plurality of openings.

Abstract: A building device is disclosed for covering a plurality of beams in which each beam is disposed parallel to an adjacent beam. The building device includes a first elongate portion which has a first and a second end and a first and a second edge. The elongate portion defines a plurality of arms. A second elongate portion has a first and a second extremity and a first and a second side. The second elongate portion defines a plurality of members such that each member cooperates with a corresponding arm of said plurality of arms. The second portion cooperates with the first portion for defining therebetween a plurality of cavities with each cavity of the plurality of cavities receiving therein a conduit for the flow therethrough of a fluid heat transfer medium.

Abstract: A mat base 1a of a hot water mat 1 has a quadrilateral shape and is divided by slits 2 into base end portions 3 and 4 and base intermediate portions 5. After heat transfer tape 8 is attached to each of the base intermediate portions 5, a hot water pipe 10 is disposed on the entire mat base 1a. A heat radiation sheet 13 is then attached on the entire top surface of the mat base 1a. With this construction, the hot water matt 1 can be longitudinally rolled. Also, the thermal efficiency of the hot water mat 1 is improved since heat radiated from the hot water pipe 10, disposed in the pipe grooves, is sufficiently transferred by the heat transfer tape 8 to the heat radiation sheet 13.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for regulating the temperature and relative humidity of the air in a building having microporous external walls and external thermal insulation, including air circulation spaces provided between the walls and the thermal insulation, and a device for supplying the spaces with a controlled air flow, the device configured for supplying the spaces with air substantially saturated with water vapour.

Abstract: A beverage cooler that warms very slowly over time is provided which has a low profile and a configuration that allows one beverage cooler to be nestably stacked atop another beverage cooler. The beverage cooler includes a base which defines an inner fluid-receiving reservoir and a fluid-fill aperture through the base which allows access to the inner fluid-receiving reservoir. A central recess in an upper surface of the base is configured to either receive a lower portion of a pint glass or so that the beverage cooler may serve as a pet water dish. In this latter embodiment, a selectively sealable aperture is provided through the upper surface of the base and within the central recess.

Abstract: A modular thermal panel can include a heat exchanger having connected top and bottom plates with channels formed there between for receiving a heat exchange fluid. An architectural tile (e.g., a paver, stone, acoustic tile, or any other architectural element) can rest on the top of the modular thermal panel, while an insulator panel is positioned below the modular thermal panel. The heat exchanger can transfer heat between the architectural tile and the heat exchange fluid to either cool or heat the architectural panel. Additional implementations include heat transfer systems including such modular thermal panels, and methods of collecting and utilizing thermal energy using such modular thermal panels.

Abstract: A method for operating a ducted fumehood with increased energy efficiency, wherein the method comprises: passing exhaust air from the ducted fumehood through a heat exchanger, and passing other air through the heat exchanger, so as transfer heat content from the exhaust air to the other air, or to transfer heat content from the other air to the exhaust air, so as to temperature-condition the other air.

Abstract: A heat radiating pipe (2) that is disposed in a hot water mat (1) is extended from the hot water mat (1) to provide an extended portion that is used as connecting pipes (2a and 2b) to a heat source machine (11). The construction makes it possible to prevent a water leak as there is no connection therebetween, and reduces costs for parts and installation as no connection tool, such as a coupler, is used. Further, guide pieces (13 and 14) attached with cover members (17) are arranged at positions where the connecting pipes (2a and 2b) are extended, and the connecting pipes (2a and 2b) are disposed by using the guide pieces (13 and 14), so as to efficiently utilize heat radiated from the connecting pipes (2a and 2b), and to prevent thermal loss.

Abstract: An air flow control assembly, system, and method for controlling air flow to a server rack. An example air flow control assembly includes a retractable barrier configured to block the air flow, at least partially, from passing through a perforated floor tile to the server rack. The air flow control assembly also includes a barrier mount configured to secure the retractable barrier proximate the perforated floor tile.

Abstract: A heating and cooling system for a building having a passive source of heat energy, a heat sink reservoir to store heat energy in, and a first heat exchange system operating a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius or less and being operatively connected to said reservoir. There is a second heat exchange system operating at a temperature of above 15 degrees Celsius which is also operatively connected to the heat sink reservoir and a thermal mass wall which is connected to the heat exchanger systems. In one aspect, the invention provides a dynamic wall having a first insulating layer on an interior surface of the wall, a thermal mass adjacent to the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer on an outside surface of the thermal mass and a heat exchanger operatively connected to said thermal mass to add or subtract heat from said thermal mass wall.

Abstract: A substrate mounting table for mounting a substrate in a substrate processing apparatus, includes a table body having a substrate mounting surface. An annular peripheral ridge portion is formed on the substrate mounting surface of the table body. The annular peripheral ridge portion makes contact with a peripheral edge portion of the substrate and forms a closed space for circulation of a heat transfer gas below the substrate, when the substrate is mounted on the substrate mounting surface of the table body. The table body has a heat transfer gas inlet port formed in a peripheral edge region of the substrate mounting surface, a heat transfer gas outlet port formed in a central region of the substrate mounting surface, and a flow path formed on the substrate mounting surface for forming a conductance C when the heat transfer gas flows from the inlet port to the outlet port.

Abstract: Installation to obtain a radiative heating wall includes a panel form heating modular structure of ceiling height, arranged vertically with the rear face resting against a wall. Each structure includes a plurality of spaced-apart and parallel vertical members fixed to a back wall. Each member overlies a heat exchanger arranged horizontally with fluid circulation ducts, and has quick connect fittings for several protective and decorative panels. Each vertical member includes an upper member and a lower member aligned with one another and sandwiching the heat exchanger. Each modular structure has bottom and top ventilation gratings, and air conducting passages defined by strips situated between each pair of consecutive vertical members, the panels and the back wall.

Abstract: A panel system has an insulating material with a first channel disposed over a surface of the insulating material. A transporter is disposed over the first channel. A thermal transfer medium is disposed over the surface of the first panel to attain desired surface characteristics. The first panel includes a second channel intersecting the first channel. A second panel includes a second channel. The first panel is adjacent to the second panel. The first and second channels of the adjacent first and second panels are aligned. The transporter is disposed over the first and second channels. The first and second panels are mounted over a mounting surface. Keyways are formed in the channels. Retention clips are disposed over the keyways. Panels include panel wings with hinges mounted over the panel wings. The thermal transfer medium includes graphite. The transporter includes tubing.

Abstract: A room enclosure assembly on a base of a concrete ceiling or wall is disclosed. In an embodiment, it includes metal sheet material having contact surfaces toward the base and web faces leading away from the base and heat exchange surfaces. Folding regions are formed between the sub-faces of the sheet material. The contact surfaces are fastened to the base area via a heat conducting connection layer. The heat-exchange faces are provided with a coating layer. The heat flow between the base and the heat exchange surfaces is especially efficient because it takes place in the continuous metal sheet material. Through-openings in the heat exchange surfaces, together with the use of a suitable coating layer on the heat exchange surfaces, allow for the acoustic insulating effect and optical appearance to be optimized.

Abstract: A fire containment system and method is disclosed. The fire containment system is designed to assist in temporarily containing a fire within a semi-enclosed space having an open side for operator access. An exhaust air blower exhausts air from the semi-enclosed space through an exhaust vent. An inlet air blower provides air to the semi-enclosed space through an inlet vent. In the case of a fire in the semi-enclosed space, the fire will be drawn away from the open side and toward the inlet vent due to the air supplied by the inlet air blower. The fire is thus encouraged to remain within the semi-enclosed space, allowing additional time for a fire suppression mechanism to be activated.

Abstract: An architectural heat and moisture exchanger. The exchanger defines an interior channel which is divided into a plurality of sub-channels by a membrane configured to allow passage of water vapor and to prevent substantial passage of air. In some embodiments, the exchanger includes an opaque housing configured to form a portion of a building enclosure, such as an exterior wall, an interior wall, a roof, a floor, or a foundation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cooling apparatus including a body on or below which a power module is mounted; a first cooling unit formed in the body in a longitudinal direction of the body to have first fluid passing therethrough and including an inlet to which the first fluid is introduced at one side of the longitudinal direction of the body and an outlet from which the first fluid is discharged at the other side thereof and a second cooling unit formed in the first cooling unit in a shape intersecting with first cooling unit to have second fluid passing therethrough.

Abstract: Structural element (3;13) for a civil engineering structure, arranged for transitorily storing and using in a deferred manner thermal energy. The structural element is provided with: a first set (1;11) of at least one heat exchanger extending between a heat or coolness source (S) and the structural element so as to transfer thermal energy from the heat or coolness source to the structural element where it is transitorily stored; and a second set (2a;2b;12a;12b) of at least one heat exchanger extending between the structural element and at least one entity (5;15;17) external to the structural element, the second set of at least one heat exchanger being arranged for, when activated, transferring at least part of the thermal energy transitorily stored in the structural element to said entity.

Abstract: A laboratory fume hood system for cooling at least one laboratory device located in an interior work area comprises a heat exchanger system having a heat exchanger in thermal communication with a primary fluid loop containing chilled fluid and a secondary fluid loop containing a cooling fluid which is in thermal communication the laboratory device. The primary fluid loop is located behind the fume hood wall and not in the interior work area.

Abstract: An architectural heat and moisture exchanger. The exchanger defines an interior channel which is divided into a plurality of sub-channels by a membrane configured to allow passage of water vapor and to prevent substantial passage of air. In some embodiments, the exchanger includes an opaque housing configured to form a portion of a building enclosure, such as an exterior wall, an interior wall, a roof, a floor, or a foundation.