Abstract: A method and an apparatus for punching a piercing tool through a wall shell structure and for feeding fire-retardant medium to the object on fire. At the outermost end of the rescue boom (3), according to the invention, there is a piercing device (6) which comprises an elongated piercing tool (7) provided with at least one longitudinal channel for supplying the fire-retardant medium to the nozzles of the tool (7) and further to the object on fire. The piercing device (6) comprises an actuator for advancing the piercing tool (7) through the shell structure (8) by a longitudinal movement.

Abstract: The invention is a piece of firefighting equipment called a piercing nozzle. The piercing nozzle comprises a hollow tube connected to a hose and adapted for conveying water or other fire suppressant fluid near a pointed head adapted to penetrate a barrier and to release the water or fire suppressant fluid in an adjoining room. The pointed head contains a plurality of holes angled in various directions so as to spray the fire suppressant fluid over a wide area in the adjoining room so as to protect firefighters from flames or superheated air when they enter the adjoining room. The pointed head may be shaped like a cone attached to which is a plurality of sharp blades designed to facilitate penetration of the barrier. Attached to the hollow tube is a sliding weight with handles used for pounding the pointed head through the barrier.

Abstract: Disclosed in an inert gas generator to produce a large quantity of inert gas within a short period of time. The inert gas generator comprises: a gas turbine consisting of a starter motor, compressor, combustor and turbine body; an afterburner being connected to an exit of the gas turbine to re-burn gas burned in the combustor and being equipped with a flame stabilizer; a cooling chamber being equipped with spray nozzles to eject water to decrease gas temperature in the afterburner exit; an evaporator set to further cool the gas-steam mixture from the afterburner; a cooling chamber and spray nozzles; an exhaust nozzle to guide the direction of the inert gas-steam mixture of low temperature and oxygen content; and a controller for controlling the starter motor, the fuel pump and combustor. The inert gas generator mounted on a movable vehicle can promptly suppress the fire occurred in various places with least amount cost possible.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for the protection of off-road vehicles, such as ladle carriers, pot carriers, slag carriers and front end loaders which are used in high heat or flammable environments. The present invention prevents and/or limits damage from radiant heat, provides for the extinguishment of fires, provides a level of protection to the vehicle operator, and provides for the operator's escape from the vehicle at the onset of a fire or high heat incident. The apparatus and method of this invention implements the use of a liquid surfactant based wetting agent. The wetting agent is formulated to prevent radiant and ambient heat damage to the vehicle from radiant heat, flame and splashing of molten material on the vehicle. The wetting agent can be made to be environmentally safe. The present invention provides an increased level of safety to the operator, should the operator be required to escape from the vehicle in the event of a fire or high heat incident.

Abstract: The invention includes a piercing nozzle for penetrating fire barriers such as building materials or car hoods. The piercing nozzle affixes to an end of a center pipe that attaches to a handle. In one embodiment of the invention, a hammer end is provided on the center pipe. A fire fighter may swing the invention in an axe-like manner to cause the piercing nozzle to penetrate a fire barrier. Alternatively, the fire fighter may use a sledgehammer or similar tool to drive the piercing nozzle through the fire barrier.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for extinguishing a fire in a burning building includes a hollow, conically-shaped, hardened metallic device attached to an articulating arm of a boom. The device is provided with plural nozzles formed through its outer surface. The device is impelled from the arm articulating arm to impact and crash through the building adjacent the fire. Fire extinguishing fluids are supplied via the plural nozzles to extinguish the fire.

Abstract: An improved fire-fighting device designed to allow variable positioning of a quenching agent dispensing point. The fire-fighting device also allows high quenching agent flow rates. The device uses an articulable boom arrangement and solid pipeline to achieve these advantages.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing and prevention system for dispersing a fire retardant substance for preventing a building from burning and for extinguishing a building already on fire. The fire extinguishing and prevention system includes a dispersal assembly coupled to an apex of a building, a plurality of remote dispersal units positioned around a peripheral area of the building, a plurality of heat sensor units positioned around the building, and a storage assembly for holding a fire retardant and extinguishing substance to be dispersed for preventing and extinguishing a fire.

Abstract: The invention is a piece of firefighting equipment called a piercing nozzle. The device comprises a hollow tube connected to a hose and adapted for conveying water or other fire suppressant fluid near a pointed head adapted to penetrate a barrier and to release the water or fire suppressant fluid in an adjoining room. The pointed head contains a plurality of holes angled in various directions so as to spray the fire suppressant fluid over a wide area in the adjoining room so as to protect firefighters from flames or superheated air when they enter the adjoining room. The pointed head may be shaped like a cone attached to which is a plurality of sharp blades designed to facilitate penetration of the barrier. Attached to the hollow tube is a sliding weight with handles used for pounding the pointed head through the barrier.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing access port includes a port and nozzle assembly where the nozzle has a plurality of radial outlets defining a pattern of dispersal for a fire extinguishing agent. According to a presently preferred embodiment, the port and nozzle assembly is dimensioned to be mounted in an existing mounting hole (e.g. a switch mounting hole) of an aircraft electrical panel with the nozzle residing in the rear of the panel and the port residing on the front of the panel. A plurality of different nozzles are provided for different electrical panels, each nozzle having a different pattern of dispersal. A fire extinguisher access port kit includes a plurality of threaded nozzles, each with different dispersal patterns, a plurality of threaded ports which mate with the nozzles, and a plurality of different length threaded tubes which mate with the nozzles and the ports.

Abstract: A mobile self-propelled vehicle for fighting fires incorporates an extensible, trainable evacuation tube which can be introduced into a burning building or other enclosed space to remove smoke and gases by means of a power exhaust fan. Fire extinguishing materials can be injected into the space through the same evacuation tube.

Abstract: A fire fighting unit to be installed and transported on a relatively small vehicle, comprising, in combination, frame structure sized for installation on a vehicle; fluid supply apparatus carried on the frame structure; and including a water supply tank, a fire fighting foam tank, a compressed gas source, fluid delivery lines from the tanks, and controls including pumps carried on the frame structure, for controlling fluid delivery via the lines, and in mixed condition to at least one fluid delivery nozzle.

Abstract: Airborne fire fighting system comprising a helicopter and a pair of tiltable jet engines where the exhaust can be directed at the fire under the control of the pilot or other fire fighting crew. AFFS comprises a rotor-powered craft, fitted internally with a jet engine collinear to the length of the fuselage which has an air intake projecting through the rear of the fuselage. The jet exhaust escapes through a vector able orifice, protruding through the floor of the fuselage of the airborne firefighting platform. The jet exhaust impacts the ground in front of an advancing firewall and bounces through the firewall, extinguishing that segment of the fire. The system can also be used is to disperse snow and ice. The jet engine may also be removed and a smaller jet engine affixed with hydraulic arms to a wheeled mobile to be loaded into the AFFS and delivered to a fire zone where it can used to extinguish fire by remote control.

Abstract: A fire-fighting tool incorporates a twist-lock mechanism whereby various nozzles can be interchanged for particular fire-fighting purposes. Included in such nozzles are a penetrating nozzle having a doubly bevelled front end for easier access through a roof, and various fluid ejection and misting elements that can be configured in terms of fluid aperture angles to produce a mist directed somewhat back towards the user, transverse to the nozzle, or forward from the nozzle. A non-penetrating embodiment of the invention also uses an end ejecting misting region. The foregoing elements can be used in conjunction with various extention wands, which are removably connectable fluid channels bent to various angles, so as to provide easier access to fires that are located within recesses of buildings, motor vehicles, or boats and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for the protection of off-road vehicles, such as ladle carriers, pot carriers, slag carriers and front end loaders which are used in high heat or flammable environments. The present invention prevents and/or limits damage from radiant heat, provides for the extinguishment of fires, provides a level of protection to the vehicle operator, and provides for the operator's escape from the vehicle at the onset of a fire or high heat incident. The apparatus and method of this invention implements the use of a liquid surfactant based wetting agent. The wetting agent is formulated to prevent radiant and ambient heat damage to the vehicle from radiant heat, flame and splashing of molten material on the vehicle. The wetting agent can be made to be environmentally safe. The present invention provides an increased level of safety to the operator, should the operator be required to escape from the vehicle in the event of a fire or high heat incident.

Abstract: In accordance with a method for making at least one hole in roofs (1), walls, etcetera, in case of fire (2) in buildings or the like the hole or holes are produced by cutting, using a pressurised liquid (3) which while cutting is sprayed into the space (4) on fire in the shape of a jet (5) which rapidly evaporates and in doing so contributes to extinguishing the fire (2), the combustion gases (6) being vented through the cut hole or holes (25). In equipment (7) designed for the implementation of the method there is provided a source of pressurised medium (8) having an outlet for a pressurised liquid (3), a conduit (10), and a nozzle (11) having an inlet (12) and outlet (13).

Abstract: A fire fighting apparatus comprising a container with two tanks therein, one holding a quantity of water and another holding a quantity of foaming agent, a pump operated by a gasoline engine, several hoses for directing a water/foam mixture at a fire and for refilling the water tank with water from a source, and a valve system for directing the water/foaming agent mixture through two different hoses at the fire while water from a source is used either directly on the fire or for replacing water taken from the tank. The apparatus is held within a container mounted on casters so that it can be conveniently wheeled about. The unit is adapted for use in areas remote from fire departments.

Abstract: A tank for an excavator vehicle having a frame and body with a hydraulically operated bucket and an engine, the tank comprising a main body mountable to the frame adjacent the engine. The main body has a sealed interior volume with at least one ballast region formed within the interior volume to hold fluid for ballast and at least one discharge region formed within the interior volume to hold fluid for discharge from the tank. There is also at least one valve communicating the ballast region with the discharge region to permit one way flow from the ballast region to the discharge region. A pump having an inlet communicates the discharge region with an outlet. A conduit extends from the pump outlet for delivering fluid forwardly of the excavator bucket. The tank provides ballast for stabilizing the excavator and fluid for fire fighting purposes making the tank useful in fire fighting situations where simultaneous delivery of pressurized fluid and penetration and removal of burning debris is desirable.

Abstract: A roof venting apparatus is mounted to a firefighting vehicle's aerial extension ladder, where a semi-cylindrical, double-pointed lance is dropped and raised onto and through the roof of a burning structure as many times as necessary to properly vent the burning building. The lance is dropped and raised by a free-spooling, electric braking winch, which is mounted to an anchor board securely hooked onto the bottom rungs of a fire truck's aerial extension ladder, and which is operated by a fire fighter on the ground who mans a toggle control panel welded onto the lower anchor board. The winch cable extends up the length of the extended aerial ladder, through a series of stabilizing, free-wheeling idler wheels mounted to another removable anchor board screwed onto the top rungs of the truck's extension ladder. The lance, if hollow, is transported to the scene of the fire empty, where it can be filled with water with the fire hose, to establish the necessary dropping weight.

Abstract: Waterloons is an innovative apparatus used for aerial fighting of forest/wild fires. Rather than pouring water from a bucket-the current method used for this problem—water sealed in balloons would be dropped on the flames from directly above. This “sealed water” approach offers significant advantages over the “pouring” strategy. First, this invention would not cause water to evaporate—a process conducive to feeding the fire. It also ensures that water reach lower levels of the fire.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for extinguishing fires in engine compartments and the like including a layer of polymeric material disposed within the engine compartment, the polymeric material being expandable on exposure to localized elevated temperatures and being disposed at predetermined locations within the engine compartment so that upon exposure to localized elevated temperatures the polymeric material expands to extinguish the fires produced thereby.

Abstract: A fire fighting apparatus that is mounted to a window sill of the floor with a fire therein. The fire fighting apparatus comprises a substantially elongated conduit having an opening on its upper end, an anchor arm mounted from the opening on the conduit and a waterway securely fastened to the conduit. A fire hose is secured to the bottom of the waterway to supply water to the fire fighting apparatus. The anchor arm comprises a horizontal portion that fits on top of the window sill of the burning floor to securely suspend the fire fighting apparatus thereon. The anchor arm has a wedge-shaped claw that may be used to break open or to pry open a shut window.

Abstract: An electrical fire sensing and fire prevention/extinguishing system which senses properties of electrical fires in cabinets having electrical circuits or circuit boards and detects sparks for detecting an electrical short in the electrical circuits or circuit boards. Upon detecting a spark, power to the electrical circuits or circuit boards is turned off to prevent a fire from developing within the cabinet. Furthermore, the electrical fire sensing and fire prevention/extinguishing system senses heat increases and smoke for activating a fire extinguishing device to extinguish a fire and turning off power to the electrical circuits or circuit boards.

Abstract: The invention provides a chimney fire access device for injecting a fire extinguishing compound into the interior of an elongate vertical chimney stack, the stack having: a side wall and a longitudinal axis, the device comprising: a tube extending transversely through the stack side wall, the tube having an input end, a midportion and an output end; mounting means for mounting the tube to the stack side wall; nozzle means disposed on the output end of the tube for spraying a fire extinguishing compound in an upstream direction; trap means disposed within the midportion of the tube for impeding backflow of solid particles from the interior of the stack through the side wall; and fire extinguishing compound injection means disposed on the input end of the tube for conveying compound from a source of extinguishing compound.

Abstract: An aircraft penetrating nozzle comprises a penetrator which has a harden tip. The penetrator functions to open a passageway in a barrier or skin of an aircraft to permit the aircraft penetrating nozzle to pass thereinto. The penetrator is securely attached to a frustum which comprises a plurality of nozzles which disperse fire extinguishing fluids interior to the aircraft perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft penetrating nozzle and forward of the perpendicular. The frustum is securely attached to a shank which comprises at least one rotating nozzle which functions to disperse fire extinguishing fluid, in fog form, sideways to the aircraft penetrating nozzle which is fore and aft in the aircraft. The aircraft penetrating nozzle is attached to a boom and a fire extinguishing fluid source.

Abstract: A fluid discharge nozzle assembly that has both a piercing nozzle for fighting fires behind a wall member and a foam/spray nozzle for applying fire-retardant fluid to an open fire. The piercing nozzle is movable only in a vertical plane. The foam spray nozzle is movable in both the vertical plane with the piercing nozzle and in a direction perpendicular to the vertical plane so that, when the piercing nozzle is to be used, the foam/spray nozzle is movable to a position perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the piercing nozzle to provide maximum clearance of the piercing nozzle during use of the piercing nozzle.

Abstract: A method of farming comprises collecting waste material such as manure from animal farming, or effluent from food processing plants or the like in a closed container, stirring and aerating the material within the container and adding yeast and phosphoric acid to increase aerobic bacterial activity while reducing anaerobic bacteria and rendering the material into a pumpable liquid. The collected manure is stored in a cylindrical container having a plastics liner and roof and is used as a fire suppressant material for dowsing fires in the farm buildings by providing a pump and hose on the container or hydrant located adjacent to the buildings.

Abstract: A device for extinguishing a fire in an electrostatic coating facility has at least one coating nozzle associated with high voltage, the nozzle being connectable with an extinguishing agent reservoir via a conduit. With previously known extinguishing agents, the problem emerges in connection with the aforementioned coating facilities, that a longer lasting cleaning process follows even after only a short extinguishing process. In order to avoid this problem, desalinated water is used as the extinguishing agent in the extinguishing agent reservoir.

Abstract: It is possible to more effectively extinguish fires in confined spaces such as engine rooms of ships. General nozzles are disposed above and/or on the sides of the confined space to be protected for general fire extinguishment in the confined space. Spot nozzles may be disposed around specific objects which are susceptible to fire in the confined space, such as engines in an engine room. At least some of the nozzles are low pressure nozzles having wings from which extinguishing water is sprayed at a pressure less than twelve bar, e.g., between 2-12 bar, having water droplets of various size. Due to rotating action of the wings, the water droplets are distributed in the water spray so that the frequency of drops having larger diameters is greater at the periphery of the water spray than in the inner part of the spray, and correspondingly, the frequency of drops having smaller diameters is greater in the inner part of the spray than at the periphery.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for impulse fire extinguishing which includes an ejection tube for storing fire fighting powder or liquid and a container for storing gaseous propellant. The container is connected to the ejection tube. A quick action closing element is located between the container and the ejection tube and is arranged in the container to move freely therein for separating the container into two parts: a propellant chamber and an equalizing chamber. The ejection end of the ejection tube extends into the atmosphere, and the input end thereof is arranged in the propellant chamber in a way that it is open in a first position of the quick action closing element and closed in another position thereof.

Abstract: Base for a fire-fighting tool is adapted to be secured to a horizontal surface such as the deck of a ship next to a vertical surface such as a bulkhead of such ship. The base is disposable at an angle that will allow the tip of a penetrator of a nozzle section of the fire-fighting tool, upon activation of an extensible hydraulic ram attached to the nozzle section, to be forced into the bulkhead and ultimately through the bulkhead, after which water may be sprayed into the area behind the bulkhead where a fire may be burning via spray orifices in the nozzle section. The arrangement of the fire-fighting tool at an angle between the deck and the bulkhead assures that there will be a rigid surface available for enabling pressure of the hydraulic ram to be exerted forcefully enough on the end of the penetrator section to breach the wall or bulkhead. The penetrator will dig into the wall surface efficiently and effectively even though it is applied to such wall surface at an angle.

Abstract: Penetrating nozzles are disclosed for first penetrating standard commercial and residential building materials to form a relatively small entrance hole or opening and subsequently delivering water to the area to cool off superheated gases. Different water dispersion attachments may be used, including a spiral or screw-type attachment for providing a mist or fog to the area or straight stream nozzles for directing a stream of water in directions either parallel to the axis of the nozzle or at an angle 90.degree. thereto. The nozzles include a protector cap at the leading axial end thereof which is provided with a tip suitable for battering the surfaces or barrier and punch a hole through it. The protector tip is retained on the tubular attachment until the protector tip has penetrated the barrier and has been placed on the other side, at which time the application of water under pressure to the elongate dial causes the protector tip to be cast off or ejected.

Abstract: A firefighting nozzle includes a nozzle body having a having a centrally formed jet orifice at its outlet end. An annular fog spray opening concentrically surrounds the jet orifice. A jet control valve is provided for allowing selective variation of the diameter of the solid stream emitted from the jet orifice. A fog control valve is provided for selectively varying the intensity of the discharge from the fog spray opening. The jet control valve and the fog control valve are operable independently of and simultaneously with one another, so that either a variable diameter solid stream or a variable fog cone, or both, can be produced at once. Various remote control arrangements are available for actuating the jet and fog control valves. Foam injection systems are provided for inducing a foam concentrate at a low-pressure point within the nozzle.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and method for penetrating a titanium walled enclosure to dispense a fire fighting agent within the enclosure. A penetrating device is attached to the forward end of a rotatable barrel, providing for penetration of the titanium wall of an enclosure and insertion of the forward end of the barrel through the titanium wall. The rotatable barrel is mechanically coupled to a controllable actuating device, such as a motor. The actuating device is used to rotate the barrel, thereby driving the penetrating device to penetrate into the enclosure, allowing insertion of the penetrating device and the forward end of the rotatable barrel into the enclosure. Fire fighting fluid is dispensed into the enclosure through a fluid channel in the barrel.

Abstract: Mechanical foam fire fighting equipment and method wherein an inert gas is delivered to a foaming chamber of a mechanical foam making assembly, the foaming chamber also receiving a liquid and foam concentrate, the inert gas in some embodiments being supplied by the exhaust of an engine.

Abstract: A portable, hand-held fire fighting tool that can be connected by a hose to a large source of fire extinguishing agent is described. This tool comprises a hollow, penetrating body having a sharp, removable cutting element connected thereto. This body is then connected to a hollow, linear handle and the angle formed between a longitudinal line drawn through the body and the handle forms an angle of between 45.degree. to 135.degree.. At the end of the handle opposite to that attached to the penetrating body element, a hose connection device is located. When this is connected to a hose, and the hose then connected to a large source of fire extinguishing agent (e.g. a fire truck or fire hydrant, for example) the fire extinguishing agent can flow through the handle and penetrating body and out over the sharp, removable cutting element attached thereto.

Abstract: An emergency scrubbing system guides rapidly escaping noxious fluid under pressure along an irregularly shaped non-linear delay path of travel, and admits a treating substance to the fluid to provide a preliminary treatment therefor to help neutralize the fluid. The preliminarily treated fluid is then treated at the exit end of the delay path for providing a final treatment before releasing it to the atmosphere. The final treatment is prepared as the fluid flows through the delay path for a predetermined period of time substantially equal to the length of time required for the fluid under pressure to flow through the delay path.

Abstract: A small hollow device extends through the wall of an engine compartment or box. It can be secured to the box by a flange around its outside edge attached to the wall of the engine box. A stop or valve, in the shape of the hollow device, is fitted into the hollow portion of the device, and may be held by another flange inside the wall of the box, to seal it in normal operation. However, this stop is secured within the hollow portion of the device by a flexible coupling that holds the stop in place in normal operation, but allows it to move to an open position when the nozzle of a fire extinguisher is pushed against it. This permits a fire within the engine box to be extinguished quickly and safely without the necessity of opening the lids of the box, which would admit large quantities of air to feed the combustion and flames.

Abstract: A firefighting nozzle includes a nozzle body having a having a centrally formed jet orifice at its outlet end. An annular fog spray opening concentrically surrounds the jet orifice. A jet control valve is provided for allowing selective variation of the diameter of the solid stream emitted from the jet orifice. A fog control valve is provided for selectively varying the intensity of the discharge from the fog spray opening. The jet control valve and the fog control valve are operable independently of and simultaneously with one another, so that either a variable diameter solid stream or a variable fog cone, or both, can be produced at once. Various remote control arrangements are available for actuating the jet and fog control valves.

Abstract: A portable fire fighting tool that is connectable to a portable fire extinguisher is described. This tool comprises a penetrating head with a removable, sharp cutting element thereon and wherein the penetrating head is preferably connected at 90.degree. to a linear, hollow handle. At the opposite end of the handle a quick connect device may be used to connect a portable fire extinguisher and the handle together. This tool is especially useful in fighting an automobile or truck engine or trunk compartment fire when the automobile or truck is locked preventing entry into the engine compartment or the trunk. By forcing the penetrating head down and through the sheet metal of the engine or trunk compartment, the cutting element cuts through the sheet metal. When the fire extinguisher is discharged, the fire extinguishing agent (e.g. foam, water, dry chemical, Halon .RTM. or CO.sub.

Abstract: A generator for fire retardant foam utilizes a foamable liquid in a fire hose terminating in a nozzle. The generator includes a housing having an inner chamber with a first entrance opening and a second exit opening. A moveable screen is disposed within the housing to aid in the generation of the foam. A connector is also employed for fastening the housing to the fire hose nozzle utilizing a plurality of hingable elements connected to the housing and a clamp for fixing the plurality of elements to the exterior of the fire hose.

Abstract: A fire tool consists of a nozzle section having a penetrator section at the end and an attachment section at the bottom for attachment to an extensible hydraulic ram. The ram has a base adapted to be secured to a horizontal surface such as the deck of a ship next to a vertical surface such as a bulkhead in such ship and the entire unit is leaned against the bulkhead with a specially designed point against such bulkhead. The hydraulic ram is then activated to force the tip of the penetrator into the bulkhead and ultimately through the bulkhead, after which water may be sprayed into the area behind the bulkhead where a fire may be burning through spray orifices in the nozzle section, the water being injected into the nozzle section through a fitting on the opposite side of the bulkhead from the spray orifices.

Abstract: An amplified mixer-blower device for discharging a feed material at high velocity and enhanced volume using a venturi transport principle. Preferably, carbon dioxide vapor is used as a means for propelling the feed material which may have a different phase of the same composition of the propulsive gas, or constitute an entirely different material. The apparatus is suitable for a number of applications such as neutralizing airborne ammonia vapor or droplets, extinguishing a flammable liquid, and conveying solid materials.

Abstract: A high-pressure water spray gun is disclosed for use, for example, for fire-fighting. The spray gun has a cylindrical body for connection to a supply hose and a spray lead rotatable in the body by water issuing through pairs of jet nozzles around the barrel of the spray head. In each pair of nozzles, the axes of the nozzles are convergent and being closest to each other in a mixing region at, or just outside of, the outer surface of the barrel. At least one nozzle has a non-radial axis. The spray head may be normally housed in the body, being moved to an exposed working position by water pressure against a spring.

Abstract: A fire suppression system for use with a cookstove or range operates in several modes or stages to warn of, prevent, and extinguish stovetop fires. The system includes a pressurized supply of fire retardant connected to a nozzle. A fusible link releases the fire retardant through the nozzle. Several sensors are attached to a circuit so that increasing ambient temperature can be monitored. The supply of fire retardant is provided with a low pressure sensor which may be overridden. On sensing a first temperature increase, a fan is switched on. At a second temperature, an alarm is activated. At a third temperature, the stove is shut down. The fusible link is designed to melt at a temperature higher than the third temperature so that provisional measures may be activated prior to dispensing the fire retardant. Methods related to the fire suppression system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system for generating fire-fighting foam whereby a foam-forming chemical is mixed with water and air to form foam. The foam is pressurized preferably by the provision of pressurized air to force the foam out of a duct within which the foam is formed and to direct the foam at the seat of the fire or to the site to be protected against fire. A metal mesh is rotatable and preferably helical with respect to the direction of travel of the foam which acts as a catalytic agent and helps to clear foam from the duct within which the foam forms.

Abstract: Cooling liquid flowing through cooling-liquid passages cools in heat-transmission manner an inner layer on an inner surface of an impermeable intermediate layer and is directed through a piping to an interface between the intermediate and outer layers, whereby the porous outer layer is cooled by latent heat generated by evaporation of the cooling liquid infiltrated into the porous outer layer.

Abstract: Nozzle, apparatus and method for extinguishing fires that includes applying to a fire simultaneously a first fluid surrounded by a second fluid and that includes a nozzle for discharging a first fluid in a path surrounded by a second fluid.

Abstract: An aerial boom system for a fire-fighting vehicle which has a hollow piercing nozzle on the outer end thereof for passing through the wall of a structure such as an aircraft fuselage to the interior of the structure where a fire-retardant material may be injected. The nozzle may pierce the fuselage from a remote distance because of the extensible boom. It has thereon a torque limiter to protect the nozzle assembly when forces are applied to the nozzle assembly in a direction transverse to the piercing direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extinguishing fires by simultaneously applying a spray of dry powder and liquid/liquid-foam, including a nozzle for the simultaneous spray of powder and liquid/liquid-foam, wherein the velocity of the powder stream can be adjusted.