Alkaline Oxide Or Hydroxide Patents (Class 203/36)
-
Publication number: 20140238841Abstract: A method of producing 2,3-butanediol includes subjecting a 2,3-butanediol culture liquid produced by microbial fermentation to nanofiltration membrane treatment and ion-exchange treatment (Step A), and then adding an alkaline substance and performing distillation (Step B).Type: ApplicationFiled: October 12, 2012Publication date: August 28, 2014Applicant: Toray Industries, Inc.Inventors: Kenji Kawamura, Izumi Morita, Masateru Ito, Kyohei Isobe, Satoshi Sakami, Katsushige Yamada
-
Patent number: 8790496Abstract: A compact and portable liquid concentrator includes a gas inlet, a gas exit and a flow corridor connecting the gas inlet and the gas exit, wherein the flow corridor includes a narrowed portion that accelerates the gas through the flow corridor. A liquid inlet injects liquid into the gas stream at a point prior to the narrowed portion so that the gas-liquid mixture is thoroughly mixed within the flow corridor, causing a portion of the liquid to be evaporated. A demister or fluid scrubber downstream of the narrowed portion removes entrained liquid droplets from the gas stream and re-circulates the removed liquid to the liquid inlet through a re-circulating circuit. Fresh liquid to be concentrated is also introduced into the re-circulating circuit at a rate sufficient to offset the amount of liquid evaporated in the flow corridor.Type: GrantFiled: July 29, 2010Date of Patent: July 29, 2014Assignee: Heartland Technology Partners LLCInventors: Bernard F. Duesel, Jr., Michael J. Rutsch, Craig Clerkin
-
Patent number: 8776879Abstract: Embodiments presented herein provide an evaporation based zero liquid discharge method for generation of up to 100% quality high pressure steam from produced water in the heavy oil production industry. De-oiled water is processed in an evaporation system producing a distillate that allows steam to be generated with either drum-type boilers operating at higher pressures or once-through steam generators (OTSGs) operating at higher vaporization rates. Evaporator blowdown is treated in a forced-circulation evaporator to provide a zero liquid discharge system that could recycle >98% of the deoiled water for industrial use. Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide at least one “straight sump” evaporator and at least one hybrid external mist eliminator. Embodiments of the evaporation method operate at a higher overall efficiency than those of the prior art by producing distillate at a higher enthalpy which minimizes the high pressure boiler preheating requirement.Type: GrantFiled: June 4, 2013Date of Patent: July 15, 2014Assignee: Aquatech International CorporationInventors: Daniel P. Bjorklund, Gregory J. Mandigo, Richard M. Schoen, James Michael Marlett, Chandrakant Tiwari
-
Patent number: 8741109Abstract: A method for purifying a crude acetone raw material containing low molecular weight impurities using two columns is disclosed. Crude acetone raw material is fed into a first column; adding an alkaline reagent and an oxidative agent into the first column to form high molecular weight impurities; removing a top fraction from the first column by distillation to form bottom fraction containing an acetone mixture containing high molecular weight impurities; feeding the bottom fraction containing the acetone mixture obtained to a second rectification column at a charge point on the column; adding an alkaline reagent to the second column above the charge point of the bottom fraction fed; and separating a purified acetone from the high molecular weight impurities and removing the purified acetone as a top fraction by distillation in the second column, wherein the second rectification column is operated at atmospheric pressure.Type: GrantFiled: December 8, 2009Date of Patent: June 3, 2014Assignee: Sabic Innovative Plastics IP B.V.Inventors: Mark Erik Nelson, Andrey Yurievich Sokolov, Ilya Yurievich Krupenko, Valery Yurievich Aristovich
-
Patent number: 8603301Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing high purity distillate in evaporators. is useful for evaporation of waters where volatile silica or organic compounds are encountered such as in production of hydrocarbons from geological formations. An evaporator having a contaminant reduction system is provided. The contaminant reduction system includes an upflow first mist eliminator portion to remove entrained liquid droplets and produce an intermediate purity water vapor stream. A continuous spray system provides a spray of dilute caustic solution in a selected spray configuration for mass transfer contact with the passing intermediate purity water vapor stream, to remove volatile silica compounds therefrom, and produce a partially decontaminated steam stream having mist particles therein. An upflow second mist eliminator portion is provided to remove the residual mist particles, and produce a high purity water vapor stream. The high purity water vapor stream is condensed to provide a high purity distillate stream.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 2010Date of Patent: December 10, 2013Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: William F. Heins, Gregg L. Wilson
-
Patent number: 8469091Abstract: Embodiments presented herein provide an evaporation based zero liquid discharge method for generation of up to 100% quality high pressure steam from produced water in the heavy oil production industry. De-oiled water is processed in an evaporation system producing a distillate that allows steam to be generated with either drum-type boilers operating at higher pressures or once-through steam generators (OTSGs) operating at higher vaporization rates. Evaporator blowdown is treated in a forced-circulation evaporator to provide a zero liquid discharge system that could recycle >98% of the deoiled water for industrial use. Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide at least one “straight sump” evaporator and at least one hybrid external mist eliminator. Embodiments of the evaporation method operate at a higher overall efficiency than those of the prior art by producing distillate at a higher enthalpy which minimizes the high pressure boiler preheating requirement.Type: GrantFiled: August 5, 2010Date of Patent: June 25, 2013Assignee: Aquatech International CorporationInventors: Daniel P. Bjorklund, Gregory J. Mandigo, Richard M. Schoen, James Michael Marlett, Chandrakant Tiwari
-
Publication number: 20130153401Abstract: A process for purifying a brine of organic compounds comprising: (a) supplying a brine that comprises at least one organic compound; (b) feeding at least one stripping zone with the brine from (a) and at least one stripping agent; (c) withdrawing from the stripping zone at least one fraction (I) consisting essentially of brine, the content of the organic compound being lower in fraction (I) than in the brine from step (a), and at least one fraction (II) consisting essentially of the stripping agent; wherein the temperature (T1) of the hotter fraction of the two fractions (I) and (II) and the temperature (T2) of the colder fraction of the two fractions (I) and (II), such temperatures expressed in degrees Celsius being the temperatures measured before any possible thermal conditioning which might be carried out before and/or during their withdrawal from the stripping zone, correspond to the following formula: 6×10?7(T1)3.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 22, 2011Publication date: June 20, 2013Applicant: SOLVAY SAInventors: Patrick Gilbeau, Philippe Krafft, Jerome Ligot, Valentine Smets, Giancarlo Iavarone
-
Publication number: 20110214981Abstract: In a process for distillation, in a distillation column, of a crude stream of methanol produced from synthesis gas, fusel oil is removed from the distillation column as a vapour side draw from a point in the distillation column below the feed, and the vapour side draw is substantially free of alkali. A process for the production of methanol utilising this distillation process is also described.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 28, 2009Publication date: September 8, 2011Applicant: DAVY PROCESS TECHNOLOGY LIMITEDInventor: Simon Robert Early
-
Publication number: 20100087670Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a bio-diesel, comprising, in the presence of an alkaline metal compound, reacting an oil-fat with C1-C6 monohydric alcohol in a reactor at a reaction temperature of from 130 to 280° C. and a reaction pressure of from 1 to 12 MPa, separating fatty acid esters from the reacted materials, so as to produce the bio-diesel, wherein said alkaline metal compound is present in an amount of 0.001-0.07 wt %, in terms of the metal thereof, relative to the weight of the oil-fat. The process provided in the present invention has the advantages of great throughput and high yield of the bio-diesel.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 15, 2006Publication date: April 8, 2010Applicants: CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORPORATION, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SinopecInventors: Haijing Wang, Zexue Du, Enze Min, Guoqiang Gao
-
Patent number: 7601245Abstract: The invention relates to a process for reducing the aldehyde concentration in a mixture comprising cyclohexanone and one or more aldehydes, said process comprising distilling said mixture in a distillation column in the presence of an alkaline compound, wherein in the bottom of the distillation column substantially no water is present.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 2003Date of Patent: October 13, 2009Assignee: DSM IP Assets B.V.Inventors: Arno H Benneker, Augustinus P H Schouteten, Larry W Wyatt
-
Patent number: 7481878Abstract: A method for the preparation of activated clays and cement additives from contaminated drill cuttings is provided. The substrate can be mixed with a mineral acid in a first reactor. The acidified substrate is then mixed with alkaline earth in a second reactor. The reactions are exothermic and provide heat to vaporize the contaminants, reaction products, and water. Recoverable constituents in the vapor can be condensed in a vapor collection system. The treated substrate can be heated and/or further reacted with acid, resulting in the formation of activated clays. For production of cement additives, the treated substrate can then be heated in a kiln and combined with cement clinker material for the preparation of cement and/or concrete.Type: GrantFiled: August 12, 2005Date of Patent: January 27, 2009Assignee: Racional Energy & Environment Co.Inventor: Ramon Perez-Cordova
-
Patent number: 7416645Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for recovering acetone from a waste stream from an acetone purification stage. The waste stream contains mesityl oxide and optionally acetone. The process for recovering acetone includes separating the waste stream in a separating device at least in one stream containing mesityl oxide and optionally a further stream containing acetone, then concentrating mesityl oxide in the mesityl oxide containing stream, and finally recycling the concentrated mesityl oxide stream to the separating device and bringing it into contact with a basic or acidic aqueous medium or with an acidic catalyst in the presence of water whereby mesityl oxide is at least partially hydrolyzed to acetone.Type: GrantFiled: July 3, 2003Date of Patent: August 26, 2008Assignee: INEOS Phenol GmbH & Co. KGInventors: Markus Weber, Otto Schnurr
-
Patent number: 7230126Abstract: The present invention provides a method capable of suppressing a decrease in optical purity due to the exposure to heat during distillation of an optically active epoxide to permit an optically active epoxide of high quality to be simply obtained on an industrial scale. In the method, an optically active epoxide is distilled in the presence of a base to suppress a decrease in optical purity.Type: GrantFiled: May 10, 2002Date of Patent: June 12, 2007Assignee: Kaneka CorporationInventors: Tadashi Moroshima, Yasuyoshi Ueda
-
Patent number: 7105078Abstract: A process for preparing a salt-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution by reacting an aqueous solution of a hydroxylammonium salt with a base to give a mixture and separating from said mixture by distillation a salt-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution, involving using as a base an aqueous solution of a mixture of NaOH and KOH in a molar ratio Na+:K+ in the range from 70:30 to 95:5 and with a total concentration of Na+ and K+ in the range from 0.1 to 10 m/m % based on the total amount of the mixture.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 2002Date of Patent: September 12, 2006Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Karl-Heinz Wostbrock, Eckhard Ströfer, Markus Weber, Steffen Kerth
-
Patent number: 7074434Abstract: Process for the separation of a mixture comprising at least one hydrofluoroalkane and hydrogen fluoride, according to which a hydrofluoroalkane/hydrogen fluoride mixture is reacted with at least one chlorinated or chlorofluorinated precursor of the hydrofluoroalkane. Process for the preparation of a hydrofluoroalkane comprising such a separation, in combination with a catalytic reaction stage. Azeotropic compositions.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 2002Date of Patent: July 11, 2006Assignee: Solvay (Societe Anonyme)Inventors: Alain Lambert, Vincent Wilmet
-
Patent number: 6962967Abstract: The subject invention provides polyurethane foam and a method of purifying polyether polyols of non-volatile impurities for use in forming the polyurethane foam. The method includes the step of providing a crude polyether polyol having a non-volatile impurity present therein. The crude polyether polyol is contacted with an adsorbent selected from at least one of activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, charcoal, attapulgite, and clay to remove the impurity and filtered to form a purified polyether polyol. The filtering of the crude polyether polyol is carried out through a filter media that is used both in a pre-filtering step prior to adding the adsorbent and the filtering step to remove the adsorbent to reduce losses of the purified polyether polyol because of its high viscosity. The purified polyether polyol is then used to form a polyurethane foam having improved stability.Type: GrantFiled: March 31, 2004Date of Patent: November 8, 2005Assignee: BASF CorporationInventors: David D. Peters, Jon S. Speier, Alexander Gershanovich
-
Publication number: 20040149563Abstract: A process for preparing a salt-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution by reacting an aqueous solution of a hydroxylammonium salt with a base to give a mixture and separating from said mixture by distillation a salt-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution, comprises using as a base an aqueous solution of a mixture of NaOH and KOH in a molar ratio Na+:K+ in the range from 70:30 to 95:5 and with a total concentration of Na+ and K+ in the range from 0.1 to 10 m/m % based on the total amount of the mixture.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 30, 2003Publication date: August 5, 2004Inventors: Karl-Heinz Wostbrock, Eckhard Strofer, Markus Weber, Steffen Kerth
-
Publication number: 20040074758Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for recovering acetone from a waste stream from an acetone purification stage, whereas said waste stream comprises mesityl oxide and optionally acetone by separating the waste stream in a separating device at least in one stream comprising mesityl oxide and optionally a further stream comprising acetone, by than concentrating mesityl oxide in the mesityl oxide containing stream and finally by recycling the concentrated mesityl oxide stream to the separating device and bringing it into contact with a basic or acidic aqueous medium or with an acidic catalyst in the presence of water whereby mesityl oxide is at least partially hydrolyzed to acetone.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 3, 2003Publication date: April 22, 2004Inventors: Markus Weber, Otto Schnurr
-
Publication number: 20040026228Abstract: A process for cleaning apparatus in which (meth)acrylic acid-containing organic solvents have been treated and/or generated and contain fouling and/or polymer and residues of organic solvent, in which the apparatus contents are subjected to a steam distillation in the apparatus.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 29, 2003Publication date: February 12, 2004Applicant: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Volker Diehl, Ulrich Jager, Jurgen Schroder, Joachim Thiel
-
Patent number: 6668947Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating for disposal oil-contaminated clay substrates such as drill cuttings from drilling with an oil-based mud. If necessary, the substrate is pretreated with an aqueous emulsion breaker such as alkylbenzenesulfonic acid. The substrate is mixed under high shear conditions with a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid. This can be done in an agitated reactor with sequential addition of the organic and inorganic acids. The substrate is then mixed with alkaline earth such as lime in a second agitated reactor. The reactions between the acid(s), alkaline earth and substrate are exothermic and provide heat to vaporize the oil, reaction products and water. Recoverable constituents in the vapor can be condensed in a vapor collection system. The treated substrate is essentially free of oil and has a controlled water content.Type: GrantFiled: February 27, 2002Date of Patent: December 30, 2003Inventor: Ramon Perez Cordova
-
Patent number: 6638398Abstract: A method including evaporating aqueous solutions containing ammonia, adding an acid to the evaporated vapor flow to form an ammonium salt, and condensing the vapor flow to form a liquid containing the salt. By this method the ammonia formed into a salt is not present as an inert gas layer which would impede condensation on the condenser surfaces.Type: GrantFiled: May 21, 2002Date of Patent: October 28, 2003Assignee: Hadwaco Ltd OyInventors: Leif Ramm-Schmidt, Matti Laajaniemi, Peter Koistinen
-
Patent number: 6632331Abstract: Aldehyde compounds contained in polycyclic diols as impurities are effectively removed by distilling the polycyclic diols in the presence of an alkali metal compound and/or a alkaline earth compound. The distilled polycyclic diols are useful as a diol component of a polymer such as polycarbonate with less yellowing.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 2001Date of Patent: October 14, 2003Assignee: Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.Inventors: Shu Yoshida, Satoshi Nagai, Takashi Konishi, Makoto Sasaki
-
Publication number: 20030127315Abstract: A tert-C4-C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is prepared by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with an olefin of the formula 1Type: ApplicationFiled: January 27, 2003Publication date: July 10, 2003Inventors: Ruprecht Kroker, Gerhard Nestler, Werner Schmitt, Winfried Schumm
-
Patent number: 6387224Abstract: A process for the separation by distillation of a mixture of 1,4-butanediol and at least one 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde, its cyclic hemiacetal and its cyclic full acetals with at least one further alcohol by carrying out the distillation in the presence of an alkaline compound. The mixture to be separated preferably contains a cyclic full acetal of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde with a further alcohol which has a lower boiling point than butanediol and also the further alcohol in free form. The process is particularly suitable for the separation by distillation of mixtures formed in the hydrogenation of maleic acid derivatives.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 2000Date of Patent: May 14, 2002Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Rolf Pinkos, Rolf Fischer, Shelue Liang
-
Publication number: 20020033324Abstract: Aldehyde compounds contained in polycyclic diols as impurities are effectively removed by distilling the polycyclic diols in the presence of an alkali metal compound and/or a alkaline earth compound. The distilled polycyclic diols are useful as a diol component of a polymer such as polycarbonate with less yellowing.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 26, 2001Publication date: March 21, 2002Inventors: Shu Yoshida, Satoshi Nagai, Takashi Konishi, Makoto Sasaki
-
Patent number: 6093855Abstract: The divinyl ethers of diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol are separated from the monovinyl ether of the corresponding oligoethylene glycol by distillation, a metal hydroxide being added to the vinyl ether mixture.Type: GrantFiled: September 23, 1998Date of Patent: July 25, 2000Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventor: Rudolf Erich Lorenz
-
Patent number: 5591311Abstract: A process for purifying impure 2,6-diisopropylphenol (DIP) mixtures having lower and higher boiling phenolic impurities is described. The process involves washing the mixture with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution in an inert atmosphere and separating the aqueous and organic phases, washing the resulting organic phase with water, and then subjecting the water-washed organic phase to distillation in an inert environment to recover purified DIP. Since only one distillation is required rather than two, the development of impurities in the DIP caused by in situ oxidation reactions at elevated temperatures due to the inevitable presence of traces of air in commercial distillation facilities is reduced to acceptable levels.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 1995Date of Patent: January 7, 1997Assignee: Albemarle CorporationInventor: Venkataraman Ramachandran
-
Patent number: 5522971Abstract: Pure, substantially neutral, low-volatile organic compounds including reactive double bonds are advantageously isolated from a liquid feedstock which contains said compounds in combination with acidic reaction components or auxiliary materials by (i) adding to the feedstock, as neutralizing agents, finely powdered oxides, carbonates and/or hydroxides of the alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals; (ii) adding, at the same time as the addition of the neutralizing agents or thereafter, a limited amount of water to the mixture of feedstock and neutralizing agents; (iii) mechanically mixing the liquid and solid mixture thus formed for at least a few minutes; (iv) distilling off water from the hot reaction mixture under reduced pressure; and (v) removal from the liquid product of the solid phase now present. Pure products which even without distillation exhibit low residual acid values in combination with low color values result.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1994Date of Patent: June 4, 1996Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventors: Wolfgang Ritter, Stefanie Ortanderl
-
Patent number: 5500098Abstract: Volatile acids containing metal salt impurities, such as metal pickling solutions-are regenerated by a process in which the acid is subjected to sulfuric acid distillation. Resulting volatile acid vapor is condensed and recycled to the pickle tank, while the residual acid mixture is treated in an acid sorption unit, preferably of the acid retardation type. Acid sorbed in the acid sorption unit is periodically eluted with water and recycled, while metal impurities are rejected in a deacidified by-product solution.Type: GrantFiled: August 5, 1993Date of Patent: March 19, 1996Assignee: Eco-Tec LimitedInventors: Craig J. Brown, Michael A. Sheedy
-
Patent number: 5489366Abstract: A distillation method for the purification of crude propylene oxide containing contaminating quantities of water and methanol by partially purifying the crude propylene oxide in a plural stage distillation zone to provide a vaporized overhead distillate propylene oxide fraction containing a minor contaminating amount of vaporized water, andpassing the propylene oxide vapor fraction through a drying chamber containing a porous hygroscopic solid absorbent to selectively absorb water vapor onto the absorbent,and liquefying and recovering the thus-dehydrated purified propylene oxide.Type: GrantFiled: March 28, 1994Date of Patent: February 6, 1996Assignee: Texaco Chemical Inc.Inventor: Huibert S. Jongenburger
-
Patent number: 5487816Abstract: A process to separate in a fractionation zone an admixture comprising phenol, alpha-methylstyrene and water to produce an alpha-methylstyrene stream containing a minimum of phenol. The pH of the overhead aqueous phase is adjusted with a base to greater than about 6.Type: GrantFiled: June 24, 1994Date of Patent: January 30, 1996Assignee: UOPInventors: Russell C. Schulz, Constante P. Tagamolila, Patrick J. Bullen
-
Patent number: 5472679Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for making energetic oxidizer salts and solutions thereof, and in particular relates to processes for making aqueous solutions of hydroxylammonium nitrate in high purity suitable for use in making liquid gun propellants. The present alcohol-free process yields high purity alcohol-free hydroxylammonium nitrate by neutralizing an aqueous nitric acid solution (20-70% wt./wt.) with an alcohol-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution at temperatures ranging from above -50.degree. C. to substantially less than ambient (20.degree. C.) to produce the desired alcohol-free aqueous hydroxylammonium nitrate solution in a usable concentration and in high purity. The process is economical, environmentally acceptable, and facile.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 1994Date of Patent: December 5, 1995Assignee: Thiokol CorporationInventors: Michael L. Levinthal, Rodney L. Willer, Dennis J. Park, Ronnelle Bridges
-
Patent number: 5419815Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying fatty acid amides, which contains the following process steps:neutralization of the fatty acid by addition of an aqueous alkaline solution andsubsequent distillation of the neutralized mixture.Type: GrantFiled: August 12, 1993Date of Patent: May 30, 1995Assignee: Hoechst AGInventors: Norbert Doerpinghaus, Siegbert Rittner
-
Patent number: 5250155Abstract: A process for refining soap-containing crude polyol fatty-acid polyester reaction product, the process including one or more high-temperature refining treatments and as the first step in the refining process, contacting the crude reaction product with an acid to substantially convert the soap into its corresponding free fatty acids, and the subsequent step of substantially removing from the crude reaction product any salts therein prior to said one or more high-temperature refining treatments.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 1990Date of Patent: October 5, 1993Assignee: Van den Bergh Foods Co., Division of Conopco, Inc.Inventors: Arend Zwanenburg, Bart Barmentlo
-
Patent number: 5236557Abstract: Aqueous solutions which are contaminated by hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, and ammonia are brought to a pH of about 3 or less after their formation and treated with an inert gas in a stripping column to remove the sulfide and cyanide. The pH of the solution is then increased to about 10 or more and the solution is again treated with an inert gas in a second stripping column to remove the ammonia.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 1991Date of Patent: August 17, 1993Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Thomas Muller, Rolf-Dieter Fischer, Ulrich Gerhardus, Norbert Leder, Klaus Poloszyk, Peter Schneller, Wolfgang Brunke
-
Patent number: 5192399Abstract: Separation of an aliphatic aminonitrile or an aliphatic diamine from a mixture containing the corresponding cyclic, aliphatic, mono-unsaturated amine by adding caustic compound to the mixture and then distilling the aminonitrile or the diamine at a temperature less than 170.degree. C. and at a pressure of less than 1 atmosphere.Type: GrantFiled: September 10, 1991Date of Patent: March 9, 1993Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventor: James B. Sieja
-
Patent number: 5190618Abstract: A process for the production of tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3) from palm fatty acid distillates (PFAD). The process includes converting free fatty acids and glycerides in PFAD into alkyl esters, then separating T and T3 from the alkyl esters and other impurities. The T and T3 are concentrated by ion-exchange and further concentrated by distilling the resulting product. Specific catalysts and optimum temperatures for the process are included. The resulting purified tocopherols and tocotrienols are useful substances, exhibiting antioxidant and physiological activities.Type: GrantFiled: March 31, 1989Date of Patent: March 2, 1993Assignees: Bioindustry Development Centre (BIDEC), Palm Oil Research & Development BoardInventors: Abdul G. Md. Top, Leong W. Leong, Augustine S. H. Ong, Tsukasa Kawada, Hisashi Watanabe, Nozomu Tsuchiya
-
Patent number: 5160413Abstract: Micro-distillation apparatus is provided for analyzing acidic anions in which the acidic anion sample is placed in a lower elongated member in water containing an acidifying material, upon heating the acidic anion leaves the lower member as a gas, passing through a permeable membrane into an upper elongated member containing a material which converts the acidic anion to a salt and the salt is recovered for analysis. The micro-distillation apparatus is sized so that a number of samples can be heated in a small heating member, such as a hot block heater.Type: GrantFiled: August 16, 1990Date of Patent: November 3, 1992Assignee: Conoco Inc.Inventor: Joe D. Allison
-
Patent number: 5104491Abstract: Crude pentachloronitrobenzene containing hexachlorobenzene and small amounts of acids is treated in the molten state or in a mixture solution of nitrobenzene or chloronitrobenzenes with an inorganic basic substance and then subjected to a distillation under reduced pressure.Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 1991Date of Patent: April 14, 1992Assignee: Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.Inventors: Mitsumasa Umemoto, Ryuichi Mita, Yoshitsugu Kono, Hiroshi Maeda
-
Patent number: 5091058Abstract: Method of preparing para-cumylphenol including reacting an excess of phenol with alpha-methylstyrene by the slow addition of alpha-methylstyrene to a 50% to 200% molar excess of phenol at a temperature from about 80.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. in the presence of an acid catalyst and thereafter maintaining the temperature at about 95.degree. to about 100.degree. C. to obtain a crude cumylphenol reaction product containing acid derived from the catalyst, and distilling the reaction product in the presence of an amount of base sufficient to neutralize the acid therein.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 1991Date of Patent: February 25, 1992Assignee: Aristech Chemical CorporationInventor: William R. Davie
-
Patent number: 5047580Abstract: The purpose of the process of the present invention is to remove excess sulfuric acid from a mixture of paraffin-sulfonic acids free or substantially free, from paraffins.In order to remove said sulfuric acid, according to the process of the present invention, the paraffin-sulfonic acid mixture is mixed with one or more halogenated solvent(s), possibly in mixture with sulfuric acid to form a two phase mixture consisting of an organic phase containing paraffin-sulfonic acids dissolved therein and an aqueous phase substantially containing sulfuric acid. The organic phase is then treated with sulfuric acid and the organic phase and aqueous phase are then separated and the organic phase is submitted to evaporation, for the removal of the halogenated solvent(s), and with the concentrated paraffin-sulfonic acids being obtained.Type: GrantFiled: March 22, 1990Date of Patent: September 10, 1991Assignees: Eniricerche S.p.A., Enichem Augusta S.p.A.Inventors: Lucio Faggian, Enrico Borgarello, Cosimo Franco, Gerardo Carrillo
-
Patent number: 4999090Abstract: A process of preparing industrially trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol of high purity by distilling a mixture of cis- and trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol in the presence of alkali, or by heating a mixture of cis- and trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol in the presence of alkali and then distilling the heated mixture, and a process of preparing powdered trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol by pulverizing the distillate obtained above.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 1989Date of Patent: March 12, 1991Assignee: Towa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.Inventors: Yoshiaki Tateno, Susumu Yoneda, Naoki Okamoto, Yoshibumi Ishii, Kazuaki Kato
-
Patent number: 4964957Abstract: A process for preventing the substantial decomposition of an alkyl sulfide compound at high temperatures comprising combining a non-reactive basic compound with the alkyl sulfide compound prior to subjecting the resultant mixture to the high temperatures.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1988Date of Patent: October 23, 1990Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: James E. Shaw, John S. Roberts
-
Patent number: 4956157Abstract: A process for obtaining available elements from seawater is described, which process includes two separation steps. The first separation step involved adjusting the pH of seawater to a low pH by adding a strong acid having sulphate ion, adding a strongly alkaline agent thereto in amount sufficient to provide a high pH and separating the precipitate formed thereby from the filtrate. The second separation step involves concentrating the filtrate, cooling the concentrated filtrate and separating a precipitate thereby formed. Each precipitate and each filtrate obtained in these steps has characteristic components and can be utilized for many purposes, for example, for food additives, as a solvent for paint, as combustion aids, or as alkaline agents for neutralization etc.Type: GrantFiled: May 30, 1989Date of Patent: September 11, 1990Inventor: Atsushi Nasu
-
Patent number: 4915794Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing an olefin product having an enhanced alpha olefin content from an olefin feedstock containing internal olefins or a mixture of internal and alpha olefins which includes:(a) contacting the feedstock with an anthracene and a double-bond isomerization catalyst at a temperature ranging from about 150.degree. to about 275.degree. C. to form an olefin adduct with anthracene,(b) separating the adduct from the product of step (a),(c) heating the separated adduct at a temperature ranging from about 250.degree. to about 400.degree. C. to produce anthracene and an olefin product enhanced in alpha olefin content over the alpha olefin content of the feedstock, and(d) separating anthracene from the product of step (c) to produce the product enhanced in alpha olefin.Linear olefins are a preferred feedstock.Type: GrantFiled: October 27, 1988Date of Patent: April 10, 1990Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Lynn H. Slaugh, Howard L. Fong
-
Patent number: 4898644Abstract: A process for removing volatile acids from aqueous solutions which involves steam stripping a volatile acid from an aqueous solution and contacting the vaporized acid with a reactable cation to form a salt of the acid. A preferred embodiment of apparatus comprises an elongated distillation column having therein a plurality of zones or stages wherein the volatile acid in the aqueous feed stream is vaporized by steam and then the vaporized acid is carried by the steam into a salt formation zone or stage to react with a reactable cation to form a salt of the acid.Type: GrantFiled: May 2, 1988Date of Patent: February 6, 1990Assignee: QO Chemicals, Inc.Inventor: Wendell E. Van Horn
-
Patent number: 4891101Abstract: Primary and secondary hydroperoxide contaminants in a tertiary hydroperoxide composition obtained by oxidation of a branched hydrocarbon are removed by contacting the tertiary hydroperoxide with a carboxylic acid derivative such as an anhydride and a basic compound such as sodium hydroxide. A tertiary hydroperoxide such as tertiary butyl hydroperoxide is purified with minimal loss of the desired tertiary hydroperoxide.Type: GrantFiled: November 23, 1988Date of Patent: January 2, 1990Assignee: Arco Chemical Technology, Inc.Inventor: Carl J. Sullivan
-
Patent number: 4808344Abstract: Excess amounts of a pure form of acrylonitrile are reacted with other reactants in the production of various compounds such as 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid. Accordingly, large amounts of acrylonitrile remain unreacted and present with other contaminants. The present invention is directed toward the purification of such unreacted acrylonitrile and the purified acrylonitrile obtained from such a purification process. The purification is carried out by treating the unreacted acrylonitrile with a base and removing salts formed. The treated material is fed to a heat exchanger which heats the material preferably under vacuum to about 120.degree. F. and provides a heated fluid material. This heated fluid material is pumped to a lower area of a distillation tower which is maintained under vacuum and includes a plurality of distillation trays.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 1988Date of Patent: February 28, 1989Assignee: The Lubrizol CorporationInventors: Douglas J. Hallenburg, Alan C. Clark, James L. Hambrick
-
Patent number: 4720328Abstract: A method for removing impurities from caprolactam is disclosed. The method comprises the sequential steps of treating the impure caprolactam with phosphorus pentoxide so that the impurities react therewith to form high boiling species and then distilling the so treated impure lactam to recover substantially pure caprolactam as overhead, with the impurities remaining as bottoms.Type: GrantFiled: September 2, 1983Date of Patent: January 19, 1988Assignee: Akzona IncorporatedInventors: Tom F. Corbin, Jack A. Dellinger, Kenneth B. Wagener
-
Patent number: 4710300Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for processing of organic materials containing nitrogen compounds, where the organic material undergoes an anaerobic digestion with simultaneous liberation of biogas which contains methane and carbon dioxide. The liquid product obtained after anaerobic digestion is, according to the invention, heated to boiling temperature, ammonia bonded as carbonate which is distilled off, and the tail product from distillation is further processed to the valuable product and clear water or is discharged as prepurified waste water. During the processing to the valuable product in the form of organo-phophate-lime concentrate, the tail product of distillation is alkalized by lime and carbonized with carbon dioxide. Biogas or carbon dioxide obtained by distillation may be used in carbonation.Type: GrantFiled: May 5, 1983Date of Patent: December 1, 1987Assignee: Ceskoslovenska akademie vedInventor: Jaroslav Kristoufek