Filming Of Distilland For Vaporization Patents (Class 203/89)
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Patent number: 4668345Abstract: Desalination apparatus comprising a vessel, an evaporation surface for receiving saline water in the vessel, a condensation chamber arranged in the vessel beneath the evaporation surface, an evaporation chamber arranged in the vessel above the evaporation surface, a fresh water tank for containing a reservoir of fresh water and fresh water vapor thereabove, a first conduit connecting the fresh water tank and the condensation chamber, a pump for compressing in the condensation chamber fresh water and fresh water vapor to maintain a pressure-temperature differential between the condensation chamber and the evaporation chamber at the evaporation surface, a second conduit connecting the evaporation chamber and the fresh water tank for removal of fresh water vapor from the evaporation chamber and its delivery to the reservoir of fresh water, and valves and conduits for conveying saline water to the evaporation surface and for taking off fresh water accumulated in the fresh water tank.Type: GrantFiled: February 26, 1985Date of Patent: May 26, 1987Inventor: Thomas B. Warren
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Patent number: 4665219Abstract: Neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate is isolated from a reaction mixture obtained from a Tishchenko reaction of hydroxypivalaldehyde in the presence of calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide or strontium hydroxide, by adding acid, removing the salts formed by adjusting the water content in the reaction mixture to 20-60% and extracting the salts at above 50.degree. C. and working up the residual mixture by distillation.Type: GrantFiled: September 5, 1985Date of Patent: May 12, 1987Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Franz Merger, Peter Hettinger, Theodor Weber, Guenter Boettger, Wolfgang Koernig
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Patent number: 4655879Abstract: An improved process for purification of glycerol obtained from natural sources comprising alkalizing a glycerol-containing crude mixture in the presence of air for oxidation, evaporating the mixture in a thin-layer evaporator with redistillation of the residue, rectification and reevaporation in a packed column characterized by low-pressure-loss plates with a falling-film evaporator designed for internal and external partial condensation and to separate off unwanted constituents of the mixture, bleaching the product with activated carbon and separating the bleach in known manner.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 1984Date of Patent: April 7, 1987Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventors: Rolf Brockmann, Lutz Jeromin, Wilhelm Johannisbauer, Helmut Meyer, Otto Michel, Juergen Plachenka
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Patent number: 4639294Abstract: A process for producing sorbic acid is described, by first reacting crotonaldehyde with ketene to prepare a polyester, then decomposing the polyester with hydrochloric acid, separating the crude sorbic acid from the reaction solution, and purifying the separated sorbic acid, said purifying step comprising the following steps:(a) continuously dissolving the crude sorbic acid in petroleum at a temperature in the range of from 100.degree. to 140.degree. C. while evaporating the residual water and hydrochloric acid from the solution of the sorbic acid in petroleum;(b) separating the tar content from the petroleum solution in a separation column at a temperature in the range of from 100.degree. to 140.degree. C.; and(c) subjecting the mixture of sorbic acid and petroleum to flash evaporation in a film-type evaporator at a reduced pressure in the range of from 20 to 60 mmHg, with the evaporation residue being withdrawn from the bottom of the evaporator and recycled to step (a).Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 1985Date of Patent: January 27, 1987Assignee: Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Noboru Kamei, Kinjiro Ikeda, Keishi Aoyama, Seitaro Hamano
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Patent number: 4613410Abstract: A method and apparatus for distilling, especially vacuum refining and deodorizing edible oils and fats utilizing sheets of oil driven downwardly in a distiller with a vacuum source at its top. A nozzle includes pressure equalization chambers, cantilever adjustment screws, and a central drag sheet to produce longer lasting and more uniform thin oil sheets to be driven in the distiller. A continuous process deaerates, dehydrates, degums, bleaches, refines, removes tocopherol, deodorizes, and strips peroxides and hydroperoxides from raw oil in a series of isothermal stages utilizing driven sheet distillers. No stripping steam is used except in the stage which strips peroxides and hydroperoxides. The method produces valuable, pure products such as tocopherol and fractionated fatty acids. It is especially efficient in heat exchange and low in waste and pollution producing products.Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 1983Date of Patent: September 23, 1986Inventor: Jacob B. Rivers, Jr.
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Patent number: 4597835Abstract: A still comprises a housing, a hollow rotor rotatably mounted in the housing and having one or more outlets for liquid at the periphery thereof, means for rotating the rotor about its axis, a plurality of concentric lamellar bodies of thermally conductive material mounted in the hollow interior of said rotor so as to provide a labyrinthine path within the rotor for liquid moving radially outwardly under centrifugal force and for vapor moving radially inwardly with respect to the rotor, vaporizing means for vaporizing liquid to be distilled, liquid inlet means for introducing liquid to a radially inner part of the hollow interior of said rotor, vapor outlet means communicating with a radially inner part of the hollow interior of said rotor, and liquid outlet means for removal of liquid from the housing, whereby in use vapor is constrained to move radially inwardly and liquid to move radially outwardly under centrifugal force within said rotor, fractionation occurring at least in part by condensation of vapor oType: GrantFiled: November 28, 1984Date of Patent: July 1, 1986Inventor: John Moss
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Patent number: 4585523Abstract: A distillation apparatus utilizing a flexible heat exchange medium with a nonwettable condensation face and an opposing readily wettable wicked evaporation face arranged in envelope configurations which provide large heat transfer areas within relatively small volumes.Type: GrantFiled: February 27, 1984Date of Patent: April 29, 1986Inventor: Edward H. Giddings
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Patent number: 4584064Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the thin layer evaporation of liquid in which the thin layer to be evaporated is formed by centrifugation.It is characterized in that the pointed part of the said cone is immersed in a reserve of liquid to be evaporated and a communication is established between the external face of the said pointed part of the cone and the internal face of this cone, so that the thin layer subjected to evaporation is formed on the internal face and on the external face of the cone.It concerns a device and installation for the distillation by evaporation in thin layers, particularly for hydrocarbons, and process for operating this device.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 1984Date of Patent: April 22, 1986Assignee: Elf FranceInventors: Andre Ciais, Gilles Variot
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Patent number: 4554055Abstract: Method and apparatus for recovering a solvent from a mixture containing the solvent is disclosed. In certain aspects, a portion of the recovered liquid is recycled and used in the evaporative process, such as for the seal liquid in a liquid ring vacuum pump. In another aspect, the initial separation is achieved in a thin film evaporator operating under partial vacuum from the liquid ring vacuum pump.Type: GrantFiled: March 7, 1983Date of Patent: November 19, 1985Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Patrick Rooney
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Patent number: 4543165Abstract: A closed cycle recovery system and apparatus for continuously recovering residual products which have been washed or flushed from tank trucks, tank cars, and other transportation or storage containers while simultaneously separating and recovering the water, solvent or other fluids which are used to wash or flush such tanks and containers in which a mixture of the water, solvent, and other fluids, and the residual product is separated by evaporation of the water, solvent, or other fluids by passing the mixture through a distillation chamber having a series of tube and flat plate heat exchange surfaces so that the individual fluids and product may be purified and separately stored for further use.Type: GrantFiled: August 1, 1983Date of Patent: September 24, 1985Assignee: Recovery Technology, Inc.Inventor: Joseph A. Capella
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Patent number: 4517057Abstract: In a method and apparatus for short-path, high-vacuum distillation from a liquid on plate-like evaporating surfaces from which distillable fractions evaporate and precipitate onto condensation surfaces a short distance away, the liquid is placed upon the evaporating surfaces at a temperature such that the energy required for its evaporation is taken, at least in part, from the still-unevaporated fraction of the liquid.Type: GrantFiled: June 4, 1982Date of Patent: May 14, 1985Assignee: Leybold-Heraeus GmbHInventors: Friedrich Fauser, Willi Fischer
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Patent number: 4507175Abstract: A novel fractional distillation process and applications thereof to the production of thermal or mechanical energy from two low level heat sources wherein a mixture of two highly non-ideal reactive solutions such, for example, as of the water/ammonia type, is separated into its water and ammonia components in an apparatus comprising a cascade of condensers and evaporators operating respectively at the temperature of the cold source and at the temperature of the hot source and at staggered pressures. The residue and distillate formed are remixed in a mixing apparatus when it is desired to recover the thermal energy of dilution of the solutions.The invention is applicable, in particular, to the heating of buildings from low level thermal energy and from the thermal energy of "cold wind".Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 1983Date of Patent: March 26, 1985Assignee: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique C.N.R.S.Inventor: Pierre Y. J. Le Goff
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Patent number: 4500390Abstract: Elastic scraper for high-capacity continuous molecular evaporation and reactors with a wiped-off film, the scraper being in the form of a plurality of wiping segments mounted upon a wiping device having a plurality of circumferentially spaced parallel supporting rods which rotate with respect to the surface of the apparatus from which the film is to be wiped. The wiping segments are held from above by an elastic spring which connected them to their respective supporting rods. The supporting rods may be floatingly mounted, as by connecting segments which are mutually joined whereby to provide the supporting rods and the wiping segments supported thereby with limited concumferential movement with respect to the surface to be wiped.Type: GrantFiled: September 30, 1982Date of Patent: February 19, 1985Assignee: Slovenska vysoka skola technikaInventors: Alexander Tkac, Jan Cvengros
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Patent number: 4495034Abstract: A system for treating waste effluent and recovering solids and solvent material including a reservoir mounted on a stand connected by means to a solvent migrator including an adjustable trough for receiving new solution, a secondary reservoir with a cloth or absorbent material designed to contact the fluid in the secondary reservoir, while parallel to the sun's rays, an automatic leveling means and apparatus for recirculation of waste effluent including a leveling ball, and suction tubing for the recirculation of fluid, a solar unit comprised of glass panels to form a collecting dome with collecting troughs and a bonnet to shade the top of the pyramid formed by the dome panels and mirrors for the reflection of sunlight, all of which is connected to a chemical trap and subsequently a collecting means for the pure product.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 1982Date of Patent: January 22, 1985Inventor: Frank Lucas
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Patent number: 4490553Abstract: A process is provided for the continuous production of ethyl acrylate from ethylene and acrylic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid. The process includes the removal of impurities from the reaction system by passing minor portions of sulfuric acid residue from the process through a wiped-film evaporator whose initial sections are heated to a specific temperature range and whose last or withdrawal sections are cooled to a specific temperature range. The treated sulfuric acid residue is withdrawn from the reaction system. This treatment prevents foaming of the sulfuric acid residue. If foaming of the sulfuric acid residue occurs, the foamed residue can back up into the reaction system requiring a shutdown of the entire process. The improvement of this process is the passing of the ethyl acrylate product residue from the finishing distillation tower into the wiped-film evaporator at the same time that the sulfuric acid residue is being treated.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 1980Date of Patent: December 25, 1984Assignee: Celanese CorporationInventors: Joseph D. Chase, William W. Wilkison
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Patent number: 4482432Abstract: A continuous process of spreading a film of a solids/liquid admixture over walls of a chamber, maintaining a saturated vapor atmosphere within the chamber, vaporizing liquid of the film to provide the saturated vapor and solids, discharging the saturated vapor and solids from the chamber and condensing the discharged vapor is effected in a hollow module having two spaced-apart chambers, one within the other, and means to move saturated vapor from the inner chamber to the outer chamber.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 1981Date of Patent: November 13, 1984Assignee: The Caffes Trust (Irwin M. Aisenberg, Trustee)Inventor: Peter J. Caffes
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Patent number: 4470880Abstract: A method is provided for separating a liquid mixture into its aqueous and non-aqueous liquid phases. The method comprises the steps of introducing the liquid mixture into a gas-tight vessel; rotating the vessel at a surface speed of approximately 19 to 190 ft/min (0.095 to 0.950 m/s) to cause filming of the liquid composition, while simultaneously heating the vessel to cause the aqueous phase to evaporate; removing the water vapor under vacuum; and condensing the water vapor for removal.Type: GrantFiled: June 18, 1982Date of Patent: September 11, 1984Assignee: Allied CorporationInventor: Charles S. Ward
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Patent number: 4457807Abstract: A process is provided for recovering epsilon-caprolactam of a purity in excess of 99.9 wt. %, in a two-stage distillation operation. Each stage comprises an evaporator and a rectification column having a pressure drop across the theoretical trays thereof of less than about 2.5 MBAR.Type: GrantFiled: May 7, 1982Date of Patent: July 3, 1984Assignee: Stamicarbon B.V.Inventors: Peter F. M. Rulkens, Nicolaas F. Haasen, Otto G. Plantema
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Patent number: 4450047Abstract: Water is removed from methanesulfonic acid to produce an anhydrous product of high purity by spraying wet methanesulfonic acid (MSA) onto the walls of a vertical, heated tube which is maintained at reduced pressure. The water evaporates as the acid flows down the walls of the tube and dry MSA is removed at the bottom.Type: GrantFiled: January 28, 1983Date of Patent: May 22, 1984Assignee: Penwalt CorporationInventor: Dale E. Malzahn
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Patent number: 4426322Abstract: Crude tall oil and water undergo a mass transfer at predetermined temperature and pressure values so as to remove salts from the oil. The flow of the crude oil through a collector disposed beneath an evaporator is maintained at a speed 8 to 80 times less than the trickling speed of the crude oil flowing through the evaporator. Salts are also precipitated from the crude oil by a cooling process.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1982Date of Patent: January 17, 1984Inventor: Hermann Stage
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Patent number: 4424098Abstract: An energy efficient falling film evaporator having a plurality of substantially vertical and equidistant heat exchange elements made of a synthetic polymeric material. Each evaporating surface is in contact with a liquid spreading means, and each heat exchange element is heated by steam having a condensation temperature slightly higher than the boiling point of the aqueous solution from which water is being evaporated. Steam formed by evaporation of water either is recompressed and reintroduced as heating steam in a single-stage process or is used as heating steam for another stage, operating at a lower temperature and pressure, in a multistage process. Heating steam condenses to fresh water, which is recovered. This process is operated at a lower temperature and pressure, in a multistage apparatus. Heating steam condenses to fresh water, which is recovered.Type: GrantFiled: March 25, 1982Date of Patent: January 3, 1984Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventor: Martval J. Hartig
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Patent number: 4421606Abstract: A process and an apparatus for distilling water in which a heat receiving plate member and a plurality of cooling plate members have a means for holding water to be treated on each reverse side thereof and are arranged in parallel spaced relationship with each other, and the water vapor produced by heating the heat receiving surface of the heat receiving plate member is condensed on the condensing surface of the adjacent cooling plate member, while giving the latent heat of the condensation to the cooling plate member and heating a water held on its back to produce the water vapor which is condensed on the condensing surface of the next cooling plate member, such evaporation by the latent heat and condensation being conducted according the number of rooms partitioned by adjacent two cooling plate members. There are apparatuses of two types, i.e.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 1981Date of Patent: December 20, 1983Assignee: Oriental Metal Mfg. Co.Inventors: Kenji Tsumura, Masayuki Yamashita
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Patent number: 4402793Abstract: A multiple effect diffusion distillation system includes a plurality of parallel plates for continuous recovery of heat having opposed evaporation and condensation faces for alternately evaporating and condensing phases of a liquid fed on to the upper end of the plates in a thin film for gravity flow along the evaporator face of the plates with vapor condensing on the condensation faces and with means for collecting and recovering the condensed product from the system. Alternate embodiments including a solar heat input system and others include multiple modular systems.Type: GrantFiled: November 9, 1981Date of Patent: September 6, 1983Inventors: John P. Petrek, Clifford M. Cantrell
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Patent number: 4394221Abstract: A method and apparatus for purifying (deodorizing and/or deacidifying) high-boiling, heat-sensitive organic liquids, the method including passing the impure organic liquid in counter-current flow to a carrier vapor of low molecular weight (steam) while the organic liquid is in the form of thin films falling through a multiplicity of parallel, vertically-oriented tubular flow channels, the inside diameters of the flow channels being between 34 and 72 mm, their lengths being between 6 and 16 meters, a heating medium also being present in association with the flow channels, the flow rates and temperatures of the various fluids being controlled to reduce the consumption of carrier vapor and provide a short thermal stress time for the organic liquid.Type: GrantFiled: April 4, 1980Date of Patent: July 19, 1983Assignee: Firma Wilhelm Schmidding GmbH & Co.Inventors: Hermann Stage, Hartmut Hammer, Walter Kuhns
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Patent number: 4383887Abstract: A method and apparatus for the concentration of an alkaline solution to an approximately anhydrous melt using the falling-film principle under atmospheric pressure wherein the solution to be concentrated is conducted along the internal surface of evaporator tubes (1). Each tube (1) is surrounded by a heating jacket (2). The heating jackets (2) are fed with heat-transfer fluid from a conduit (6) which is common to all jackets. An annular collecting trough (8) is associated with the lower end of each evaporator tube (1). The metal running off from the tube (1) is collected by the trough (8) separately from the vapors. All of the troughs (8) are connected to a melt discharge line (9) which is also common to all troughs. The vapors descending in the tube (1), in contrast thereto, pass through the opening (8a) of the collecting troughs (8) into a collecting duct (10) which is common to all troughs.Type: GrantFiled: July 6, 1981Date of Patent: May 17, 1983Assignee: Bertrams AGInventors: Hans Kuhnlein, Hans R. Kung, Georg Molnar
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Patent number: 4376680Abstract: The process and an apparatus for separating and recovering caprolactam moer from polycapronamide are described. A process comprises subjecting a molten capronamide to the action of a vacuum while it flows as a thin layer, extracting therefrom caprolactam as a vapor and condensing the caprolactam vapor by contact with a stream of molten caprolactam, substantially under the same vacuum to which the polymer has been subjected. Preferably the caprolactam vapor and the molten caprolactam flow equicurrently, the molten caprolactam being suitably subdivided. Heat exchange intensifying surfaces are present in the equicurrent flow path. The molten caprolactam is circulated in a closed circuit.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: March 15, 1983Assignee: Snia Viscosa Societa' Nazionale Industria Applicazioni Viscosa S.p.A.Inventors: Edgardo Horak, Alvaro Casati, Giancarlo Bianucci, Luigi Marafioti, Silvio Notarbartolo
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Patent number: 4372818Abstract: An apparatus unit for the fractional distillation and rectification of liquid mixtures includes a plurality of horizontal superimposed tubular main sections interconnected in series by a plurality of tubular connecting sections, e.g. U-shaped, to define an elongated space along which liquids and vapors flow. Intimate contact between liquids and vapors and efficient heat and mass transfer are provided by a stirrer rotating within the main section about horizontal axes and magnetically driven from the outside. Suitable inlet and outlet ports and heating and cooling devices are provided. An arrangement for joining the adjacent sections without the use of flanges or threaded portions is provided. A number of such units are preferably associated to form a modular apparatus, the individual units being operatively connected as desired to provide series, parallel or mixed flow of the fluids.Type: GrantFiled: August 15, 1980Date of Patent: February 8, 1983Assignee: Hydrola Ltd.Inventors: Yaacov Kaganovsy, Yosef Kustanovich, Shimshon Shmuter, Vadim Gelfer, Shimon Muchnik
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Patent number: 4363703Abstract: A solar energy desalination process utilizing solar radiation directly for the evaporation of salt water is described. Ambient air takes on water vapor as the air passes through an evaporative medium. It is then directed between a saline water-covered, solar absorbing surface and a solar collecting housing. The resulting heated and moisture-saturated air is cooled in a heat exchange means where condensation of fresh water occurs. Simultaneously, cool salt water is utilized as the cooling water in the heat exchange means, and takes on the heat of condensation given up by the condensing vapor. The heated salt water from the heat exchange means is partially directed over the solar absorbing surface, and at least a portion of it is also directed to wet the evaporative medium. Several optional sub-processes are described for operation of the system during periods of reduced insolation, and an alternative process is described for operation of the process on a floating platform.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 1980Date of Patent: December 14, 1982Assignee: Institute of Gas TechnologyInventors: Ahmed A. ElDifrawi, Christopher F. Blazek, Bernard D. Yudow
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Patent number: 4357213Abstract: A method for recovering liquid chlorine derivatives of hydrocarbons resides in applying the chlorine derivatives of hydrocarbons to the preheated surface of an inert liquid, the temperature of the inert liquid exceeding the boiling temperature of the chlorine derivatives of hydrocarbons.Type: GrantFiled: September 18, 1980Date of Patent: November 2, 1982Inventors: Alexandr P. Mantulo, Ivan N. Novikov, Isai N. Feldman
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Patent number: 4341601Abstract: An energy-efficient water evaporation process uses a falling film evaporator having a plurality of substantially vertical and equidistant heat exchange elements made of a synthetic polymeric material. Each evaporating surface is in contact with a liquid spreading means, and each heat exchange element is heated by steam having a condensation temperature slightly higher than the boiling point of the aqueous solution from which water is being evaporated. Steam formed by evaporation of water either is recompressed and reintroduced as heating steam in a single-stage process or is used as heating steam for another stage, operating at a lower temperature and pressure, in a multistage process. Heating steam condenses to fresh water, which is recovered. This process is operated at a low feed rate, preferably below 45 Kg of incoming aqueous solution per linear meter of horizontal width of each evaporating surface, and is capable of providing a 50% fresh water recovery per pass from sea water.Type: GrantFiled: November 12, 1980Date of Patent: July 27, 1982Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventor: Martval J. Hartig
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Patent number: 4323431Abstract: A high melting, high boiling organic compound is easily and stably purified by continuously supplying the molten organic compound to a rectification zone under a subatmospheric pressure and continuously distilling off and recovering vapors from the top of the rectification zone, while continuously withdrawing bottoms containing higher boiling impurities and/or involatile impurities than the desired compound from a reboiling zone at the bottom of the rectification zone to the outside of rectification system by means of a barometric leg, without any pretreatment of removing lower boiling impurities therefrom before the rectification, and without disturbing a pressure balance in the rectification system.Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 1980Date of Patent: April 6, 1982Assignee: Sumitomo Chemical Company LimitedInventors: Masatoshi Takahashi, Norio Kotera, Masatoshi Uegaki, Takashi Miyaoka, Yuzo Maegawa
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Patent number: 4316775Abstract: This invention provides a process for improving the recovery of byproducts associated with the isolation of C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 dicarboxylic acids contained in a waste byproduct stream, wherein the byproduct stream is derived from an adipic acid manufacturing operation involving nitric acid oxidation of a cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol feedstream.The main byproducts which are isolated are high purity dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate. Monomethyl esters of these dicarboxylic acids are recovered and recycled in the process.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 1980Date of Patent: February 23, 1982Assignee: El Paso Products CompanyInventor: William D. Nash
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Patent number: 4315815Abstract: A process and apparatus for separating a solvent from a bituminous material by pressure reduction and steam stripping without carry-over of entrained bituminous material. A fluid-like phase comprising bituminous material and solvent is reduced in pressure by passage through a pressure reduction valve to vaporize a portion of the solvent. The reduction in pressure also results in dispersing a mist of fine particle size bituminous material in the vaporized solvent. The stream of vaporized solvent, fine particle size bituminous material and fluid-like bituminous material then is introduced into a steam stripper through an inlet horn that imparts a centrifugal motion to the stream. The inlet horn contains a plurality of corrugated vanes which utilize the centrifugal motion to create turbulence in the stream within the inlet horn.Type: GrantFiled: February 23, 1981Date of Patent: February 16, 1982Assignee: Kerr-McGee Refining CorporationInventor: Junior A. Gearhart
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Patent number: 4303479Abstract: This invention relates to a distillation column for removing vinyl chloride monomer or other volatile material from an emulsion, suspension or dispersion containing such material. The apparatus comprises a column in which a series of inverted cones are mounted. The dispersion or emulsion is pulled downwardly over the cones and steam is fed into the column through sparges and flows upwardly against the descending stream of material. The low boiling materials are distilled out and recovered for reuse. The strips emulsion or dispersion are collected at the bottom of the column.Type: GrantFiled: December 3, 1979Date of Patent: December 1, 1981Assignee: The Goodyear Tire & Rubber CompanyInventors: Shirley L. Church, Loren M. Hilts
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Patent number: 4289589Abstract: A process for separating toluene diisocyanate and/or higher boiling solvents from distillation residues obtained from the phosgenation of toluene diamine in the presence of solvents wherein the separation takes place in a fluidized bed at temperatures of 140.degree. C. to 280.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: March 31, 1980Date of Patent: September 15, 1981Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Waldemar Koehler, Bernd Blumenberg, Ludwig Vogel, Eckhard Hetzel
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Patent number: 4267021Abstract: A single effect solar distillation apparatus of the tilted or inclined floor type is disclosed which absorbs solar energy to evaporate a liquid distilland more efficiently. The present distillation apparatus is especially useful for desalination of sea water and includes a number of structural improvements to utilize the absorbed solar energy in a basically more efficient manner than previous still designs of this type. The distilland is evaporated in the present solar distillation apparatus substantially without turbulence especially at the evaporating surfaces to avoid certain heat transfer losses previously encountered during distillation. This basically novel mode of solar distillation is achieved with a particular relationship between the evaporating and the condensing surfaces in the apparatus which further cooperate with an improved structure where said evaporation takes place.Type: GrantFiled: February 27, 1978Date of Patent: May 12, 1981Inventors: Dimitrios M. Speros, Philip C. Speros
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Patent number: 4246199Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of N-alkyl-substituted carboxylic acid amides by reaction of a component which forms a carbonium ion with a nitrile, the improvement residing in carrying out the process in the presence of an acid which is inert under distillation conditions and separating the reaction mixture by distillation.Type: GrantFiled: May 30, 1978Date of Patent: January 20, 1981Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Dieter Arlt, Franz-Gerhard Behlau
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Patent number: 4230536Abstract: A method is disclosed for the purification of an organic heat transfer fluid without thermal degradation which comprises passing contaminated transfer fluid to a purification zone wherein the fluid is heated to produce a vapor-liquid phase in which the liquid fraction thereof is caused to flow in a narrow flowpath within the purification zone to insure maximum purification temperature and minimum purification zone vessel wall temperature. The heating may be effected by an electric resistance heating means such as bayonet-type electric heaters.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 1979Date of Patent: October 28, 1980Inventor: Charles E. Sech
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Patent number: 4227972Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for recovering a phosphate ester type hydraulic fluid from a waste liquid containing water, organic solvents and other impurities, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). After filtering to remove particulate matter, a heavy fraction separated from the waste liquid and consisting primarily of the hydraulic fluid is first subjected to a distillation step. A substantial portion of the PCB is removed as overhead from the distillation step and the bottoms containing the hydraulic fluid is subsequently evaporated, preferably in a thin film evaporator. The overhead from the evaporation step is condensed to recover the hydraulic fluid.Type: GrantFiled: May 1, 1978Date of Patent: October 14, 1980Assignee: Outboard Marine CorporationInventors: Pablo M. Hernandez, William J. Luplow
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Patent number: 4198276Abstract: This invention describes a method for thermally stabilizing sterols to permit economic recovery of the sterols present in a sterol containing source material, said sterol containing source material having a Friedel-Crafts Catalyst present therein is rapidly distilled to recover a sterol as distillate.Type: GrantFiled: June 24, 1977Date of Patent: April 15, 1980Assignee: The Henkel CorporationInventors: Ralph F. Johnson, Jimmy A. DeMars
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Patent number: 4194950Abstract: Liquid purifying apparatus in which an infeed chamber, an evaporator chamber and a condenser chamber are arranged in that order along a flow path. A first inflatable bag is interposed across the flow path between the infeed chamber and the evaporator chamber, and a second inflatable bag is interposed across the flow path between the evaporator chamber and the condenser chamber. These bags are respectively located substantially entirely in the evaporator and condenser chambers, and the bags each comprise a flexible layer of highly absorbent fibrous material including a plurality of plies. The liquid to be purified is introduced into the infeed chamber, and it flows into the evaporator chamber to a level such that a portion of the first bag is immersed in the liquid. The liquid spreads by immersion and capillary action over substantially all of the fibers in the first bag to form thin liquid films along the individual fibers.Type: GrantFiled: November 9, 1977Date of Patent: March 25, 1980Inventor: Robert I. Zalles
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Patent number: 4180438Abstract: A thin layer evaporator which has a vapor lock above the solvent inlet is used for the preparation of distillate-free sump product which is obtained as solid from the concentration of solutions of water, organic substances and non-volatile constituents and dissolved in solvents.Type: GrantFiled: September 16, 1976Date of Patent: December 25, 1979Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Hans-Walter Brandt, Ludwig Deibele, Kurt Toepffer, Karl-Heinz Steinacker
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Patent number: 4118286Abstract: In a process for purifying and reducing the acidity of a polymethylene polyphenylpolyisocyanate mixture wherein the mixture is subjected to a distillation step, such as by passing a flowing stream of a crude polymethylene polyphenylpolyisocyanate mixture through a distillation column which has a reboiler means consisting of a thin film evaporator apparatus mounted therewith for rapidly heating the stream to about 190.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. whereby the solvent and impurities are taken overhead, and then allowing the distillation residue of polymethylene polyphenylpolyisocyanate to cool, an improvement is disclosed which comprises maintaining the distillation residue of the polymethylene polyphenylpolyisocyanate at a temperature of about 190.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: September 25, 1974Date of Patent: October 3, 1978Assignee: Texaco Development Corp.Inventors: Simon Pierce Burns, John Monte Walton
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Patent number: 4118410Abstract: Organic higher functional polyisocyanates are obtained by separating a mixture containing isomers of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and higher functional polyisocyanates having more than two benzene rings. The mixture is distilled under vacuum at a pressure of between 10.sup.-3 and 10.sup.-1 mm/Hg. under conditions which avoid chemical change in the organic polyisocyanates contained in the mixture. The polyisocyanates are separated into two fractions with a desired first fraction containing said higher functional polyisocyanates with only a trace of the isomers which is less than about 6% of the weight of the first fraction and having a viscosity of more than 10,000 cp/25.degree. C. The second fraction consists essentially of said isomers and can be further purified by crystallization.Type: GrantFiled: November 1, 1976Date of Patent: October 3, 1978Assignee: Gottfried Reuter GmbH i.L.Inventors: Franz Lutz Friedel, Armin Schone, Franz Gottfried Reuter
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Patent number: 4067779Abstract: Crude 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid produced by the nitric acid oxidation at 20.degree.14 60.degree. C. of cyclododecanone, cyclododecanol or a mixture thereof can be purified by distillation to a purity suitable for use in the production of polyamides and polyesters by reducing prior to distillation, e.g., by heating to 70.degree.-90.degree. C., the organically bound nitrogen content and as required the nitric acid content, e.g., by washing, and water content thereof so that the sample which is distilled has maximum contents thereof of 0.05%, 0.02% and 0.1% by weight, respectively, and distilling the pre-purified sample at a sump temperature of 215.degree.-225.degree. C. and at a pressure of 0.5 - 2 torr.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 1975Date of Patent: January 10, 1978Assignee: Chemische Werke Huls AktiengesellschaftInventors: Ferdinand List, Otto Rauhut, Peter Hegenberg, Rudolf Strobele
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Patent number: 4043873Abstract: Process for the separation of trioxane from aqueous solutions containing it together with formaldehyde, which comprises subjecting the said solutions to evaporation at temperatures of 100.degree. C or lower, at pressures lower than atmospheric, and with residence times of less than 1 minute under the evaporation conditions, with vaporization of a quantity of from about 5 to about 15% by weight of the solution introduced, and recovering the trioxane from the products evaporated in this way.Type: GrantFiled: April 19, 1976Date of Patent: August 23, 1977Assignee: Societa' Italiana Resine S.I.R. S.p.A.Inventors: Jacob Ackermann, Pierino Radici, Umberto Santini, Paolo Colombo
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Patent number: 4030985Abstract: Saline water is desalted by flowing it in two evaporation stages in series in the form of a film falling on the inside of heat-exchange tubes. The pressure and temperature in the second evaporation stage are lower than in the first stage. The steam evolved in the second stage is compressed and delivered to the first stage where it condenses on the tubes, whereas the steam evolved in the first stage is fed in the second stage where it condenses on the tubes. The condensation heat of the steam is used for vaporizing said saline water from said film. This technique allows a production of 15-50 cu.m/hr of soft water, instead of a production of 15-20 cu.m/hr usually obtained by conventional thermocompression techniques.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 1975Date of Patent: June 21, 1977Assignee: Societa' Italiana Resine S.I.R. S.p.A.Inventors: Diego Barba, Antonino Germana, Giuseppe Liuzzo, Giovanni Tagliaferri
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Patent number: 4017355Abstract: A process for removing unreacted monomers or solvents from synthetic rubber latex or synthetic resin latex comprising bringing said latex into contact with an inert gas fluid at a temperature ranging from 40.degree. to 100.degree. C by feeding said latex into the upper part of a wetted-wall tower without imposing any substantial mechanical shear stress.Type: GrantFiled: May 3, 1976Date of Patent: April 12, 1977Assignee: Nippon Oil Company Ltd.Inventors: Takashi Kiyota, Yoshihiko Araki, Hideo Hayashi
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Patent number: 4016048Abstract: 2,5 DIOXO-1-OXA-2-PHOSPHOLANES OF THE GENERAL FORMULA: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 stands for an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a phenyl radical, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each stand for hydrogen or CH.sub.3, are distillatively purified. To this end the respective crude compound is preheated to 120.degree. to 160.degree. C and fed to the head of a distilling column provided with a plurality of individually heatable trays maintained at temperatures increasing from the upper-most tray to the lowermost, the uppermost tray in the column being maintained at 120.degree. to 160.degree. C and the lowermost tray being maintained at 160.degree. to 200.degree. C, the pressure at the head of the column being 20 to 200 mm Hg, preferably 50 to 120 mm Hg; an inert gas preheated to 160.degree. to 200.degree.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 1976Date of Patent: April 5, 1977Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Klaus Gehrmann, Alexander Ohorodnik, Elmar Lohmar, Wernfried Riechmann
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Patent number: 4009188Abstract: Glycide is prepared by reacting allyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a tungsten compound as a catalysts the excess allyl alcohol and the greatest part of the water distilled off, the sump mixture obtained in the distillation is split at 110.degree.-220.degree. C. and 5 to 60 torr in a thin layer evaporator into a volatile portion which is predominantly glycide, high boiling by products and the residual part of the water and a sump portion of glycerine, polyglycerine and catalysts. The volatile liquid portion is broken into glycide, water and high boiling byproducts at 5 to 60 torr in a distillation apparatus directly connected to the thin layer evaporator.Type: GrantFiled: February 19, 1975Date of Patent: February 22, 1977Assignee: Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt vormals RoesslerInventors: Wolfgang Heim, Axel Kleemann, Heinz Kolb, Gerd Schreyer