Carbon Containing Patents (Class 204/294)
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Patent number: 7887681Abstract: An electrode surface coating and method for manufacturing the electrode surface coating comprising a conductive substrate; a surface coating of platinum having a rough configuration and an increase in the surface area of 5 times to 500 times of the corresponding surface area resulting from the basic geometric shape of the electrode. A method for electroplating an electrode surface with platinum coating having a rough surface, comprising electroplating the surface of a conductive substrate at a rate such that the metal particles form on the conductive substrate faster than necessary to form shiny platinum and slower than necessary to form platinum black.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 2005Date of Patent: February 15, 2011Assignee: Second Sight Medical Products, Inc.Inventor: Dao Min Zhou
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Patent number: 7879750Abstract: A method of making an anode for alkaline electrolysis cells includes adsorption of precursor material on a carbonaceous material, conversion of the precursor material to hydroxide form and conversion of precursor material from hydroxide form to oxy-hydroxide form within the alkaline electrolysis cell.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 2006Date of Patent: February 1, 2011Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventor: Grigorii Lev Soloveichik
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Patent number: 7858551Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode catalyst for electrochemical reaction, the electrode catalyst having: a conductive diamond particle having fine pores on a surface thereof; and a carbon-reactive catalyst metal in the fine pores, a process for producing the electrode catalyst, and an electrode.Type: GrantFiled: March 9, 2007Date of Patent: December 28, 2010Assignees: Permelec Electrode Ltd., Shinshu UniversityInventors: Yoshio Takasu, Yasushi Murakami, Wataru Sugimoto, Yuji Yamada, Masaharu Uno, Yoshinori Nishiki, Tsuneto Furuta
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Patent number: 7857953Abstract: The present invention provides an oxygen-reduction gas diffusion cathode having: a porous conductive substrate; diamond particle having a hydrophobic surface; and catalyst particle, the diamond particle and the catalyst particle being disposed on the porous conductive substrate, and a method of sodium chloride electrolysis using the cathode.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 2006Date of Patent: December 28, 2010Assignee: Permelec Electrode Ltd.Inventors: Yuji Yamada, Yuki Izawa, Masaharu Uno, Yoshinori Nishiki, Tsuneto Furuta
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Patent number: 7820129Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing carbon or HV graphite electrodes, in which a carbon carrier is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing binder, and the mixture is subjected to a coking process and/or graphitization process, and one or more synthetic titanium compounds are additionally added to the raw materials. The titanium compound is preferably comprised of TiO2. Iron oxide can be added as an accompanying substance.Type: GrantFiled: September 16, 2004Date of Patent: October 26, 2010Assignee: Sachtleben Chemie GmbHInventors: Djamschid Amirzadeh-Asl, Dieter Fünders
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Patent number: 7799189Abstract: An electrolysis cell (10) contains a number of carbon anodes (12) having top, bottom and side surfaces, operating in molten electrolyte (17) in an aluminum electrolysis cell (10), where gas bubbles (28) are generated at the anode surfaces and where alumina particles (20) are added to the top of the molten electrolyte, where the carbon anodes (12) have one inward slot (21) passing through the carbon anode (12) along the longitudinal axis 40 of the carbon anode and also passing through only one front surface (25) of the carbon anode, where the height (32) of the slot (21) is from about 45% to 80% of the anodes thickness and the slotted front surfaces (25) are disposed toward the center of the electrolysis cell so that generated gas bubbles (28) are directed to the alumina particles.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 2007Date of Patent: September 21, 2010Assignee: Alcoa Inc.Inventors: Ron D. Barclay, Gary P. Tarcy, Robert B. Hosler, Xiangwen Wang, Jay N. Bruggeman
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Patent number: 7785497Abstract: A new ramming paste for aluminum reduction cell cathodes is a high swelling cold ramming paste made of a blend of pitch, light oil diluent and an aggregate comprising a mixture of anthracite and crushed anode butts or calcined coke. The presence of the crushed anode butts or calcined coke increases the sodium swelling index of the paste by about four times higher than that of regular ramming pastes. This new high swelling cold ramming paste may also contain an amount of a refractory hard material, such as TiB2.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 2007Date of Patent: August 31, 2010Assignee: Alcan International LimitedInventors: Amir A. Mirchi, Weixia Chen, Lise Lavigne, Emmanuel Bergeron, Jules Bergeron
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Patent number: 7776190Abstract: Cathodes for aluminum electrolysis cells are formed of cathode blocks and current collector bars attached to those blocks. The cathode slots receiving the collector bar are lined with expanded graphite lining thus providing longer useful lifetime of such cathodes and increased cell productivity. The expanded graphite provides a good electrical and thermal conductivity especially with its plane layer.Type: GrantFiled: June 23, 2008Date of Patent: August 17, 2010Assignee: SGL Carbon SEInventors: Frank Hiltmann, Martin Christ, Werner Langer, Oswin Öttinger
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Patent number: 7776191Abstract: Cathodes for aluminum electrolysis cells are formed of cathode blocks and current collector bars attached to those blocks. The cathode block has a cathode slot for receiving the collector bar and has a higher depth at a center than at both lateral edges of the cathode block. Additionally, the collector bar thickness is higher at the center than at both lateral edges of the cathode block. This cathode configuration provides a more even current distribution and, thus, a longer useful lifetime of such cathodes and increases cell productivity.Type: GrantFiled: October 14, 2008Date of Patent: August 17, 2010Assignee: SGL Carbon SEInventors: Frank Hiltmann, Philippe Beghein
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Patent number: 7727927Abstract: Activation of a tungsten-containing catalyst using water in a PEM-type fuel cell is described as well as cathode operation of the tungsten-containing catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: October 4, 2005Date of Patent: June 1, 2010Assignee: Global Tungsten & Powders Corp.Inventor: Joel B. Christian
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Publication number: 20100126879Abstract: The present invention provides a solid diamond electrode, a reactor, in particular a reactor comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one bipolar electrode having first and second major working surfaces positioned therebetween wherein the at least one bipolar electrode consists essentially of diamond, and methods in which the reactors are used.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 5, 2007Publication date: May 27, 2010Inventors: Jonathan James Wilman, Patrick Simon Bray, Timothy Peter Mollart
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Publication number: 20100116687Abstract: Use of a non-sacrificial electrode made of synthetic graphite for applications utilizing conductive immersed treatment of wastewater is disclosed. The synthetic graphite is manufactured from a petroleum based extruded or molded composite material in any of plate, bar or coil forms. The electrodes are especially useful in the primary reaction chamber of an electrocoagulation apparatus.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 31, 2008Publication date: May 13, 2010Inventors: Reginald A. Wiemers, Robert Kohlheb
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Publication number: 20100110613Abstract: Particles of active electrode material are made by blending or mixing a mixture of activated carbon, optional conductive carbon, and binder. In selected implementations, iron level in the activated carbon is relatively low, a small amount of conductive carbon with low impurity levels and high conductivity is used, and the binder is inert. For one example, iron content of the activated carbon and the resultant mixture is below 20 ppm. The electrode material may be attached to a current collector to obtain an electrode for use in various electrical devices, including a double layer capacitor. The electrode decreases current leakage of the capacitor.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 27, 2008Publication date: May 6, 2010Applicant: MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.Inventors: Linda Zhong, Xiaomei Xi, Porter Mitchell
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Publication number: 20100095881Abstract: The arc discharge apparatus comprises a plurality of carbon electrodes connected to respective phases of a power supply for heating a silica powder and causing it to fuse by generating arc discharge between the carbon electrodes. All of the carbon electrodes have a density in a range from 1.30 g/cm3 to 1.80 g/cm3, and variability in density among the carbon electrodes is 0.2 g/cm3 or less. The carbon particles that constitute the carbon electrodes preferably have a particle diameter of 0.3 mm or less.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 17, 2008Publication date: April 22, 2010Applicants: JAPAN SUPER QUARTZ CORPORATION, SUMCO CORPORATIONInventors: Masanori FUKUI, Koichi SUZUKI, Takeshi FUJITA
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Publication number: 20100044220Abstract: The hydrogen-oxygen generating electrode plate using a carbon nano tube includes a carbon nano tube (CNT); a carbon (C); NiO; NaTaO3; and a catalyst. The method for manufacturing a hydrogen and oxygen generating electrode plate using a carbon nano tube, includes a step S1 for grinding into high-density powders; a step S2 for uniformly mixing carbon nano tube powder, carbon powder, NiO powder, NaTaO3 powder and catalyst and forming a mixture having a high distribution degree; a step S3 for inputting the mixture into a mold and pressing the same and forming a pressing forming object; and a step S4 for plasticity-forming the pressing forming object in a vacuum plasticity furnace.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 4, 2009Publication date: February 25, 2010Inventor: Boo-Sung Hwang
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Publication number: 20100035126Abstract: A method of making an electrochemical cell electrode substrate includes creating an aqueous or dry mixture of chopped carbon fibers, chopped cross-linkable resin fibers that are still fuseable after being formed into a felt, such as novolac, a temporary binder, such as polyvinyl alcohol fiber or powder, forming a non-woven felt from either an aqueous suspension of the aqueous mixture or an air suspension of the dry mixture, by a non-woven, wet-lay or dry-lay, respectively, felt forming process, a resin curing agent, such as hexamethylene tetramine may be included in the aqueous or dry mixture, or it may be coated onto the formed felt; pressing one or more layers of the formed felt for 1-5 minutes to a controlled thickness and a controlled porosity at a temperature at which the resin melts, cross-links and then cures, such as 150° C.-200° C.; and heat treating the pressed felt in a substantially inert atmosphere, first to 750° C.-1000° C. and then to 1000° C.-3000° C.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 29, 2007Publication date: February 11, 2010Inventor: Richard D. Breault
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Publication number: 20100006450Abstract: An electrode comprising an electrically conducting diamond plate wherein the diamond plate comprises at least one elongate aperture and having an aperture edge length per unit working area of the diamond plate of greater than about 4 mm/mm2, electrolysis cells comprising such electrodes, methods of treating water using such electrolysis cells and a method of production of ozone are disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 9, 2007Publication date: January 14, 2010Applicant: ELEMENT SIX LIMITEDInventors: Andrew John Whitehead, Christopher John Wort, Geoffrey Alan Scarsbrook, William Joseph Yost, III
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Patent number: 7625505Abstract: Mixtures are provided of lithium salts with reducing agents for lithium evaporation. The mixtures may be particularly used in the manufacture of electroluminescent organic displays. Lithium dispensers based on the use of these mixtures are also provided.Type: GrantFiled: September 6, 2005Date of Patent: December 1, 2009Assignee: SAES Getters S.p.A.Inventors: Lorena Cattaneo, Simona Pirola, Chiharu Maeda, Antonio Bonucci
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Publication number: 20090258255Abstract: A method for producing a diamond having an acicular projection array structure on a surface thereof comprises the step of forming the acicular projection array structure on a surface of a diamond base material by treating the surface of the diamond base material by dry etching using oxygen gas. At least one dopant selected among boron (B), nitrogen (N), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo), platinum (Pt) and gold (Au) is doped with a concentration of 1×1019 atoms/cm3 and more at least in a region near the surface of the diamond base material.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 29, 2006Publication date: October 15, 2009Applicant: Central Japan Railway CompanyInventors: Chiaki Terashima, Kazuki Arihara, Akira Fujishima
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Publication number: 20090194428Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of electrochemically desorbing or adsorbing a cryptate [18F] fluoride complex using a substituent substituted cryptand A. The present invention also relates to an apparatus and a kit for performing this method.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 9, 2007Publication date: August 6, 2009Inventor: Alan Peter Clarke
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Patent number: 7569765Abstract: An electrode according to the present invention includes a substrate, and a conductive layer containing carbon particles or platinum particles and a conductive binder for binding the carbon particles or platinum particles formed above the substrate. By binding the carbon particles or the platinum particles with the conductive binder, it is possible to form an electrode with a porous structure where spaces that communicate with a surface of the conductive layer are defined between the corresponding carbon particles or platinum particles, thereby increasing the effective area (surface area) of the electrode. The photoelectric conversion elements and the dye-sensitized photovoltaic or solar cells according to the present invention can be manufactured at a low cost and have an increased effective area, making it possible to obtain excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.Type: GrantFiled: November 18, 2005Date of Patent: August 4, 2009Assignee: Fujikura Ltd.Inventors: Hiroshi Matsui, Nobuo Tanabe
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Patent number: 7566388Abstract: An electrode catalyst comprising a conductive carrier, and a mixture containing a particulate noble metal and at least one particulate rare-earth oxide, the mixture being supported on the conductive carrier wherein the particulate rare-earth oxide has an alkaline-earth metal as solid solution therein.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 2003Date of Patent: July 28, 2009Assignee: Asahi Kasei Chemicals CorporationInventors: Takeaki Sasaki, Toshinori Hachiya, Isao Morimoto
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Publication number: 20090166194Abstract: An immobilization carrier containing an electron acceptor compound is used in addition to glutaraldehyde and poly-L-lysine to immobilize an enzyme and an electron acceptor compound simultaneously to an electrode. For example, here are used diaphorase as the enzyme and 2-amino-3-carboxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone (ACNQ) as the electron acceptor compound.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 27, 2009Publication date: July 2, 2009Applicant: Sony CorporationInventors: Atsushi Sato, Tokuji Ikeda, Kenji Kano
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Publication number: 20090166193Abstract: An immobilization carrier containing an electron acceptor compound is used in addition to glutaraldehyde and poly-L-lysine to immobilize an enzyme and an electron acceptor compound simultaneously to an electrode. For example, here are used diaphorase as the enzyme and 2-amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (ACNQ) as the electron acceptor compound.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 27, 2009Publication date: July 2, 2009Applicant: Sony CorporationInventors: Atsushi Sato, Tokuji Ikeda, Kenji Kano
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Patent number: 7553580Abstract: An electrode substrate for a fuel cell including a diffusion layer, a first microporous layer that embeds into the diffusion layer, with the first microporous layer having a thickness in the range of 10 to 30 ?m, and a second microporous layer that forms a boundary with the diffusion layer on the surface of the first microporous layer. The electrode substrate has improved performance such as increased diffusion properties of a fuel or an oxidant, increased properties of releasing moisture, and enhanced electron conductivity.Type: GrantFiled: May 10, 2006Date of Patent: June 30, 2009Assignee: Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.Inventors: Sung-Yong Cho, Jong-Ki Lee, Yeong-Chan Eun, Ho-Jin Kweon
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Publication number: 20090159438Abstract: An immobilization carrier containing an electron acceptor compound is used in addition to glutaraldehyde and poly-L-lysine to immobilize an enzyme and an electron acceptor compound simultaneously to an electrode. For example, here are used diaphorase as the enzyme and 2-amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (ACNQ) as the electron acceptor compound.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 27, 2009Publication date: June 25, 2009Applicant: Sony CorporationInventors: Atsushi Sato, Tokuji Ikeda, Kenji Kano
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Patent number: 7544275Abstract: This invention relates to an anode assembly (1) to be used in a fused bath electrolysis aluminium production cell. This assembly comprises one inert anode (2) in the shape of a ladle, one connection conductor (3, 4, 5), mechanical connection means capable of cooperating so as to set up a mechanical link between the conductor and the anode, one metallic joint (31) that is or could be formed by brazing being located between all or part of at least one surface (20, 20?, 20?) of the open end (22) of the anode (2) and all or part of at least one surface (40, 40?, 40?) of the connection end (42) of the conductor (3, 4, 5). The invention simplifies manufacturing of anode assemblies comprising one inert anode.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 2004Date of Patent: June 9, 2009Assignee: Aluminium PechineyInventor: Airy-Pierre Lamaze
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Publication number: 20090135548Abstract: The present invention provides a positive electrode for electric double layer capacitors which can improve basic characteristics, such as energy density, of electric double layer capacitors and also can improve electric double layer capacitors in useful life and stability under high temperatures. Provided is a positive electrode for electric double layer capacitors comprising as electrode active materials a carbonaceous material having a ratio of rhombohedral crystal structure to hexagonal crystal structure in crystal structure of carbon within the range of not less than 20%.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 8, 2007Publication date: May 28, 2009Applicants: Power System Co., Ltd., Masaki YoshioInventors: Masaki Yoshio, Hitoshi Nakamura, Taiji Nakagawa, Yuichi Katoh
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Publication number: 20090127136Abstract: A diamond electrode comprises a polycrystalline mass of diamond particles bonded together and has a porous surface, or an at least partly porous surface. The porous surface of the electrode is typically created by leaching non-diamond material, such as a second phase of a metallic material, at least in part, from the bonded polycrystalline mass of diamond particles, either before or after shaping it into an electrode. Alternatively, or additionally, the porous surface of the electrode may be created by subjecting a mass of diamond particles to conditions of elevated temperature and pressure to self-bond the particles together in the absence of a second phase.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 10, 2008Publication date: May 21, 2009Inventors: Geoffrey John Davies, Raymond Albert Chapman, Anine Hester Ras, Kaveshini Naidoo
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Patent number: 7534328Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making a carbon electrode, suitable for use as an anode in an aluminum reduction cell, which comprises mixing an aggregate, comprising a mixture of particulate shot coke, and a particulate carbonaceous material other than shot coke with coal tar pitch or petroleum pitch or a combination of these pitches at an elevated temperature to form a paste wherein said aggregate comprises a combination of butts, coarse, and fine particles and said particulate shot coke may comprise a majority of said coarse particles or fine particles, and said paste comprises from about 80 to about 90%, by weight, of said aggregate and from about 10 to about 20%, by weight, of said pitch; forming said paste into a solid body; and baking said solid body at an elevated temperature to form said carbon electrode.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 2006Date of Patent: May 19, 2009Assignees: CII Carbon LLC, Century Aluminum CompanyInventors: Leslie C. Edwards, M. Franz Vogt, Richard O. Love, J. Anthony Ross, William Rogers Morgan, Jr.
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Publication number: 20090084675Abstract: An ion adsorption electrode having large electrical capacity and ion adsorption capacity, an electosorption purification device having the same, and a method of manufacturing the ion adsorption electrode, the ion adsorption electrode including active carbon, a binder and an ion exchange resin. The electosorption purification device includes: an anode adsorbing and desorbing anions among inorganic ions in water; a cathode, facing the anode, adsorbing and desorbing cations among inorganic ions in water; and a direct current supply respectively applying voltages to the anode and cathode, where the anode and cathode may include the active carbon, binder and ion exchange resin. The method of manufacturing the ion adsorption electrode includes: preparing a mixture by mixing active carbon powder, a binder and an ion exchange resin with each other; and forming the mixture in a predetermined thickness by pressing the mixture.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 6, 2008Publication date: April 2, 2009Applicant: Korea Electric Power CorporationInventors: Jea Bong Lee, Kwang Kyu Park, Seok Won Yoon, Pill Yang Park
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Publication number: 20090038940Abstract: The present invention discloses a reference electrode. According to the invention, a capillary structure is plugged in a solid state electrolyte layer of the reference electrode. By capillary phenomenon, a test solution is sucked to the solid state electrolyte layer to have reaction. Therefore, according to the invention, a test solution can be measured by simply placing the capillary structure of the reference electrode into the test solution. The lifetime of the reference electrode can be greatly extended.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 8, 2008Publication date: February 12, 2009Applicant: CHUNG YUAN CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITYInventors: Shen-Kan Hsiung, Jung-Chuan Chou, Tai-Ping Sun, Nien-Hsuan Chou
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Publication number: 20080314759Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive diamond electrode structure for use in electrolytic synthesis of a fluorine-containing material with a fluoride ion-containing molten salt electrolytic bath, which comprises: a conductive electrode feeder; and a conductive diamond catalyst carrier comprising a conductive substrate and a conductive diamond film carried on a surface thereof, wherein the conductive diamond catalyst carrier is detachably attached to the conductive electrode feeder at a portion to be immersed in the electrolytic bath. Also disclosed is an electrolytic synthesis of a fluorine-containing material using the conductive diamond electrode structure.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 20, 2008Publication date: December 25, 2008Applicant: PERMELEC ELECTRODE LTD.Inventors: Tsuneto FURUTA, Setsuro OGATA, Masaharu UNO
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Patent number: 7468121Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive diamond electrode having: a conductive substrate; a coating layer formed on a surface of the conductive substrate, the coating layer containing one of a metal and an alloy each including at least one of niobium and tantalum; and a conductive diamond layer formed on a surface of the coating layer, and a process for producing the conductive diamond electrode.Type: GrantFiled: August 1, 2006Date of Patent: December 23, 2008Assignee: Permelec Electrode Ltd.Inventors: Masashi Hosonuma, Masaharu Uno, Tomoyasu Shibata, Yoshinori Nishiki, Tsuneto Furuta
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Publication number: 20080308415Abstract: Cathodes for aluminum electrolysis cells are formed of cathode blocks and current collector bars attached to those blocks. The cathode slots receiving the collector bar are lined with expanded graphite lining thus providing longer useful lifetime of such cathodes and increased cell productivity. The expanded graphite provides a good electrical and thermal conductivity especially with its plane layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 23, 2008Publication date: December 18, 2008Applicant: SGL CARBON AGInventors: Frank Hiltmann, Martin Christ, Werner Langer, Oswin Ottinger
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Patent number: 7462271Abstract: A method is described for making aluminum reduction cell components, e.g. cathodes having stabilized surfaces, which comprises mixing together a carbonaceous material, TiB2 and up to 25% by weight of a finely divided additive consisting of a combination of two intimately mixed compounds and forming the mixture into a cell component, wherein at least a first of the two compounds has a higher melting temperature than the baking temperature. When the cell component is contacted with molten aluminum, the aluminum reacts with the additive to form a dense phase at the surface of the cell component, having low solubility in aluminum.Type: GrantFiled: November 26, 2003Date of Patent: December 9, 2008Assignee: Alcan International LimitedInventors: Martin Dionne, Jules Bergeron, Amir A. Mirchi
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Patent number: 7455754Abstract: The invention relates to a diamond electrode with synthetically produced, electrically conductive (doped) diamonds. The surface has diamond particles (5) embedded in a metal or metal alloy layer so as to produce a conductive connection to the metal or metal alloy.Type: GrantFiled: March 25, 2003Date of Patent: November 25, 2008Assignee: Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion GmbH & Co KEGInventors: Wolfgang Wesner, Robert Hermann, Michael Schelch, Michael Kotschan, Wolfgang Staber
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Publication number: 20080277284Abstract: A carbon based material produced from the consolidation of amorphous carbon by elevated temperature compression. The material having unique chemical and physical characteristics that lend themselves to a broad range of applications such as in electrical, electrochemical and structural fields.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 17, 2007Publication date: November 13, 2008Inventors: Carl C. Nesbitt, Xiaowei Sun
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Patent number: 7442284Abstract: The present invention provides conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode materials comprising aligned CNT substrates coated with an electrically conducting polymer, and the fabrication of electrodes for use in high performance electrical energy storage devices. In particular, the present invention provides conductive CNTs electrode material whose electrical properties render them especially suitable for use in high efficiency rechargeable batteries. The present invention also provides methods for obtaining surface modified conductive CNT electrode materials comprising an array of individual linear, aligned CNTs having a uniform surface coating of an electrically conductive polymer such as polypyrrole, and their use in electrical energy storage devices.Type: GrantFiled: November 9, 2006Date of Patent: October 28, 2008Assignee: The Trustees of Boston CollegeInventors: Zhifeng Ren, Jian Wen, Jinghua Chen, Zhongping Huang, Dezhi Wang
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Patent number: 7438790Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode for electrolysis including: a conductive substrate; and a conductive diamond formed on a surface of the conductive substrate, the conductive substrate having at least one surface shape selected from the group consisting of: (a) a surface shape of a combination of an Ra of 100-1,000-?m and an RSm of 50-10,000 ?m; (b) a surface shape of a combination of an Ra of 2.5-100 ?m and an RSm of 1.5-800 ?m, and (c) a surface shape of a combination of an Ra of 0.01-2 ?m and an RSm of 0.005-250 ?m, and a process for producing the electrode.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 2006Date of Patent: October 21, 2008Assignee: Permelec Electrode Ltd.Inventors: Masashi Hosonuma, Masaharu Uno, Tomoyasu Shibata, Yoshinori Nishiki, Tsuneto Furuta
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Patent number: 7405020Abstract: An apparatus (1) for use of carbonized charcoal powder as an electrode is provided. Charcoal is provided as a powder, carbonized, and placed in a container (16) by which compressive pressure is applied to the carbonized-charcoal powder via one or more sides of the container (16). As a result of the compressive pressure the packed-bed (11) of carbonized-charcoal powder manifests a resistivity of less than about 1 ohm-cm and is suitable for use as an electrode in a fuel cell, battery or electrolyzer. The apparatus is adapted with electrical contacts (8, 9, 10) to conduct electric flow to or from the electrode and adapted for communication of an electrolyte with the electrode.Type: GrantFiled: April 7, 2004Date of Patent: July 29, 2008Assignee: University of HawaiiInventor: Michael J. Antal, Jr.
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Publication number: 20080156644Abstract: A detecting electrode is a NOx-decomposing electrode having a certain or a high NOx-decomposing/reducing ability, which is formed on a third solid electrolyte layer for decomposing a NOx to produce oxygen. The detecting electrode contains a noble metal Pt, a material ZrO2 of the third solid electrolyte layer, and a mixture containing silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3). Specifically, the detecting electrode contains 80% to 90% by weight of the Pt, 9.5% to 19.8% by weight of the ZrO2, and 0.2% to 0.5% by weight of the mixture containing silica and alumina.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 26, 2007Publication date: July 3, 2008Applicant: NGK Insulators, Ltd.Inventors: Yoshio Suzuki, Hideyuki Suzuki, Kunihiko Nakagaki
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Publication number: 20080156643Abstract: The invention relates to a metal boride precursor mixture comprising a metal oxide and a boric oxide combined in such a manner so as to produce intimately linked clusters wherein the boric oxide is found within the metal oxide. Furthermore, the invention discloses a carbon composite material made with the metal boride precursor mixture and a carbonaceous component. Finally, the invention also teaches the process for preparing the metal boride precursor mixture comprising steps of providing a metal oxide and a boron oxide, mechanically mixing the metal oxide and the boron oxide at a temperature that liquefies the boron oxide and may impregnate the metal oxide to produce an intimately linked cluster of metal oxide and boric oxide.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 1, 2007Publication date: July 3, 2008Inventors: Martin Dionne, Jean-Paul Huni
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Patent number: 7384521Abstract: A self-baking, Soderberg type carbon anode (40) for use in an aluminum electrolyses cell (1) to form product aluminum (11), where the anode (40) is consumable in molten electrolyte (12) in the cell, the anode having top, bottom and side surfaces and at least four layers of vertically disposed plate inserts (48) meltable in the molten electrolyte, the plate inserts (48) preferably made of aluminum and are capable of melting to create hollow vertical slots (52) at the bottom of the anode facilitating any gas bubbles (60) generated to channel to the side of the anode into the electrolyte (12).Type: GrantFiled: August 30, 2005Date of Patent: June 10, 2008Assignee: Alcoa Inc.Inventors: Xiangwen Wang, Alton T. Tabereaux, Jerry L. Roddy, Alain J. Belda
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Patent number: 7351331Abstract: A bromine generator apparatus is provided for producing bromine from a bromide salt. The apparatus includes an electrical power unit, a housing, and first and second electrodes. The housing has inlet and outlet openings constructed and arranged for permitting the passage of water containing a bromide salt into the housing and water containing bromine out of the housing, respectively. The first and second electrodes electrically are connectable to the electrical power unit and have first and second contact regions, respectively, in the housing for contacting water passing through the housing and converting the bromine salt to the corresponding free bromine. The first and/or second contact regions are made of non-woven extruded graphite.Type: GrantFiled: September 8, 2004Date of Patent: April 1, 2008Assignee: Pioneer H20 Technologies, Inc.Inventor: Paul Birkbeck
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Patent number: 7335285Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolytic anode for use in electrolytically synthesizing a fluorine-containing substance by using an electrolytic bath containing a fluoride ion including: an electroconductive substrate having a sure including an electroconductive carbonaceous material; and an electroconductive carbonaceous film having a diamond structure, the electroconductive carbonaceous film coating a part of the electroconductive carbonaceous substrate, and a method for electrolytically synthesizing a fluorine-containing substance using the electrolytic anode.Type: GrantFiled: March 14, 2006Date of Patent: February 26, 2008Assignees: Permelec Electrode Ltd., Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd.Inventors: Tsuneto Furuta, Masaharu Uno, Yoshinori Nishiki, Tetsuro Tojo, Hitoshi Takebayashi, Masashi Kodama
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Patent number: 7332065Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing an electrode comprising depositing on an electrode substrate a binder dispersion comprising a precursor of a conductive or semiconductive oxide, forming a conductive or semiconductive oxide coating from the precursor on the electrode substrate, depositing an electroconductive titanium oxide and electrode particles on the conductive or semiconductive oxide coating, adhering the electroconductive titanium oxide and the electrode particles to the formed conductive or semiconductive oxide coating. The invention also relates to an electrode obtainable by the process, and the use thereof in an electrolytic cell.Type: GrantFiled: June 14, 2004Date of Patent: February 19, 2008Assignee: Akzo Nobel N.V.Inventor: Takayuki Shimamune
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Patent number: 7314540Abstract: A diamond electrode having a sufficiently low resistance is disclosed which is realized by increasing the amount of boron added thereto. A method for producing a high-performance, high-durability electrode is also disclosed by which adhesiveness between a diamond coating and a substrate and separation resistance during electrolysis are sufficiently increased. An electrode composed of a substrate and a diamond layer coating the substrate is characterized in that the electrode is composed of a base coated with diamond and the diamond contains boron in such an amount that the boron concentration is not less than 10,000 ppm but not more than 100,000 ppm. The base is preferably made of an insulating material.Type: GrantFiled: May 25, 2004Date of Patent: January 1, 2008Assignee: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Yuichiro Seki, Kenji Izumi, Takahiro Imai
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Patent number: 7300560Abstract: A cathode block for aluminum refining containing a calcined coke in a proportion of 15 to 100 wt %, characterized in that the calcined coke is prepared by mixing a heavy oil having a content of quinoline insoluble components of 10 to 25 wt % with 3 to 20 wt % of carbon black, and subjecting the resultant mixture to coking and then calcination. The cathode block for aluminum refining is excellent in resistance to abrasion and thus has a prolonged life.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 2003Date of Patent: November 27, 2007Assignee: Nippon Electrode Company, Ltd.Inventors: Yuji Yamamura, Yoshihiro Fujii, Tsutomu Wakasa, Shinjiro Toda
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Patent number: 7297445Abstract: The present invention provides carbon fiber paper consisting of an organic high-molecular compound as a binder and carbon fibers, characterized in that the carbon fibers contain thin fibers with an average diameter smaller than 5 ?m and an average fiber length of 3 to 10 mm; a porous carbon electrode substrate for a fuel cell having a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 mm and a bulk density of 0.3 to 0.8 g/cm3, also having a bending strength of 10 MPa or higher and a deflection of 1.5 mm or more at the time of bending, measured by a three-point bending test in conditions of using a sample width of 1 cm, a strain rate of 10 mm/min, and a distance between supporting points of 2 cm; and a method of producing a porous carbon electrode substrate for a fuel cell by impregnating the carbon fiber paper with a thermosetting resin, curing the thermosetting resin by heating and pressing treatment, and then carbonizing the paper.Type: GrantFiled: September 2, 2003Date of Patent: November 20, 2007Assignee: Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.Inventors: Makoto Nakamura, Yoshihiko Hosako, Hidehiko Ohashi, Mitsuo Hamada, Kazushige Mihara