Abstract: The present invention provides: an electrode mixture manufacturing method comprising the processes of introducing a first binder, an electrode active material, and a conductive material into an extruder, performing a first mixing of the first binder, the electrode active material, and the conductive material in the extruder, additionally introducing a second binder into the extruder and performing a second mixing, and yielding an electrode mixture resulting from the first mixing and the second mixing; an electrode mixture manufactured thereby; and an electrode manufacturing method using the electrode mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed is a urea biosensor that is stable at ambient temperature, and methods of making thereof.

Abstract: A sensor device for determining a position of an operator's finger/hand, comprises a handle portion comprising one or more touch sensing electrode portions. Each touch sensing electrode portion is configured to provide an electrical signal in response to the operator's finger/hand being on or near the one or more touch sensing electrode portions. The sensor device also comprises a measurement module configured to receive the or each electrical signal from the touch sensing electrode portion(s) and determine a position of the operator's finger/hand relative to one or more of the touch sensing electrode portions based on the or each electrical signal. The or each touch sensing electrode portion is formed of or comprises a non-metallic conductive material.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to a vapor phase photo-electrochemical cell. In one aspect, a device includes a photovoltaic cell, a cathode disposed on the photovoltaic cell, an ionomer membrane disposed on the cathode, and an anode disposed on the ionomer membrane. The cathode includes a cathode catalyst. The ionomer membrane is in contact with the cathode catalyst. The anode includes an anode catalyst. The anode catalyst is in contact with the ionomer membrane. The anode, the ionomer membrane, and the cathode are transmissive to the solar radiation spectrum.

Abstract: A vertical member, which is preferably a support post used in a molten metal pump, includes a ceramic tube and tensioning structures to add a compressive load to the tube along its longitudinal axis. This makes the tube less prone to breakage. A device, such as a pump, used in a molten metal bath includes one or more of such vertical members.

Abstract: Nano polycrystalline diamond is composed of carbon, an element of different type which is an element other than carbon and is added to be dispersed in carbon at an atomic level, and an inevitable impurity. The polycrystalline diamond has a crystal grain size not greater than 500 nm. The polycrystalline diamond can be fabricated by subjecting graphite in which the element of different type which is an element other than carbon has been added to be dispersed in carbon at an atomic level to heat treatment within high-pressure press equipment.

Abstract: An energy storage device can include a cathode and an anode, where at least one of the cathode and the anode are made of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite binder material including PTFE and at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a PVDF co-polymer, and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The energy storage device can be a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion capacitor, and/or any other lithium based energy storage device. The PTFE composite binder material can have a ratio of about 1:1 of PTFE to a non-PTFE component, such a PVDF, PVDF co-polymer and/or PEO.

Abstract: A method of processing a polycrystalline diamond body includes positioning an electrode near the polycrystalline diamond body such that a gap is defined between the electrode and the polycrystalline diamond body, the polycrystalline diamond body having a metallic material disposed in interstitial spaces defined within the polycrystalline diamond body. The method includes applying a voltage between the electrode and the polycrystalline diamond body, and passing a processing solution through the gap. The electrode is a cathode and the polycrystalline diamond body is an anode. An assembly for processing a polycrystalline diamond body includes the polycrystalline diamond body, an electrode positioned such that a gap is defined between the electrode and the polycrystalline diamond body, a processing solution passing through the gap such that the processing solution is in electrical communication with each of the polycrystalline diamond body and the electrode, and at least one power source.

Abstract: The system and method described below allow for real-time control over positioning of a micro-object. A movement of at least one micro-object suspended in a medium can be induced by a generation of one or more forces by electrodes proximate to the micro-object. Prior to inducing the movement, a simulation is used to develop a model describing a parameter of an interaction between each of the electrodes and the micro-object. A function describing the forces generated by an electrode and an extent of the movement induced due to the forces is generated using the model. The function is used to design closed loop policy control scheme for moving the micro-object towards a desired position. The position of the micro-object is tracked and taken into account when generating control signals in the scheme.

Abstract: A printed flexible PH sensor is provided. The printed flexible PH sensor includes a flexible substrate. A working electrode is disposed on the flexible substrate, and the working electrode includes a first silver layer formed on the flexible substrate by an ink-jet printing process, a second silver layer formed on the first silver layer by a silver mirror reaction, and a metal oxide layer disposed on the second silver layer of an end portion of the working electrode. A reference electrode is disposed on the flexible substrate, and the reference electrode includes the first silver layer and the second silver layer formed on the first silver layer, and a silver chloride layer totally covering the second silver layer. A method for fabricating the printed flexible PH sensor is also provided.

Abstract: A metal-air battery includes a monolithic body including at least one channel; and at least one cell disposed between the channel and the body, the cell including a negative electrode including a metal, a positive electrode disposed apart from the negative electrode and configured to use oxygen as an active material, and an electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the smart wear field. The smart wearable device comprises: a main body comprising a control unit and a biological feature parameter acquisition module, the biological feature parameter acquisition module is configured to acquire a monitored biological feature parameter of a user, and the control unit is configured to compare the monitored biological feature parameter and a pre-stored biological feature reference parameter so as to determine whether the user is in need of first aid according to the comparative result; a connecting part for putting on the smart wearable device on the body of the user; a power supply module for supplying power to the smart wearable device; and a first-aid processing module configured to give first aid to the user when it is determined according to the comparative result that the user is in need of first aid.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a diamond electrode by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, and a diamond electrode manufactured by the method. The method of manufacturing the diamond electrode includes: introducing a carbon source gas to form niobium carbide (NbC) on a niobium substrate, immediately before depositing an electrically conductive diamond layer on the substrate by a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) process; and depositing electrically conductive diamond layers on the substrate by two or more separate processes. Accordingly, a pinhole present during deposition of the electrically conductive diamond layer is filled such that the contact between an electrolyte and the substrate in an electrolytic environment will be minimized so as to retard the corrosion of the substrate, thereby providing a diamond electrode having a long life span.

Abstract: One or more electrodes are attached to an electrically permeable substrate attached to an incubator and energized with A.C. signals, D.C. signals or both A.C. and D.C signals. E-fields emitted from the electrodes pass through the substrate and into the incubator. The e-fields generate or apply dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces on small particles suspended in a liquid inside the incubator. The strength and direction of the DEP forces are controlled and manipulated by the manipulating the signals and can manipulate the motion of the suspended particles. The shapes of the electrodes help shape the generated e-fields and facilitate complex movements of the suspended particles. The suspended particles can be stem cells in a nutrient rich solution.

Abstract: A method for protecting a conductive metal from corrosion, including coating the conductive metal with a water impermeable carbonaceous conductive material to protect the conductive metal from corrosion.

Abstract: A process for incorporating a nanocatalyst on the surface of and within the pores of an electrode comprising subjecting an electrode to a singular template impregnation to form a treated electrode having a bio-template layer; and then subjecting the treated electrode to a singular nano-catalyst impregnation for tethering the nano-catalyst to the treated electrode; and then removing the bio-template layer by performing thermolysis upon the treated electrode for forming a nano-catalyst bonded on the surface and within the pores of the electrode. A modified electrode or product made by this process is provided.

Abstract: An electrode with a porous protective film includes an electrode in which an active material layer is disposed on a collector and a porous protective film which is disposed on a surface of the active material layer and which contains fine particles and a binder. The thickness of the porous protective film ranges from about 0.1 ?m to about 200 ?m. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a negative electrode in which a negative electrode active material layer is disposed on a negative electrode collector, a positive electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, a separator, and a porous protective film which is disposed on at least one of a surface of the negative electrode active material layer or a surface of the positive electrode active material layer and which contains fine particles and a binder. The thickness of the porous protective film ranges from about 0.1 ?m to about 200 ?m.

Abstract: A window assembly (10) includes a transparent pane (18), an electrical conductor (20) contacting the transparent pane (18), an electrical connection element (22) for energizing the electrical conductor (20), an encapsulation (26) disposed over the electrical connection element (22) and the electrical conductor (20), and an electrically conductive compressible member (28) disposed between the electrical connection element (22) and the electrical conductor (20) for providing an electrical connection between the electrical connection element (22) and the electrical conductor (20).

Abstract: A LiBH4—C60 nanocomposite that displays fast lithium ionic conduction in the solid state is provided. The material is a homogenous nanocomposite that contains both LiBH4 and a hydrogenated fullerene species. In the presence of C60, the lithium ion mobility of LiBH4 is significantly enhanced in the as prepared state when compared to pure LiBH4. After the material is annealed the lithium ion mobility is further enhanced. Constant current cycling demonstrated that the material is stable in the presence of metallic lithium electrodes. The material can serve as a solid state electrolyte in a solid-state lithium ion battery.

Abstract: The present disclosure related to an inert anode which is electrically connected to the electrolytic cell, such that a conductor rod is connected to the inert anode in order to supply current from a current supply to the inert anode, where the inert anode directs current into the electrolytic bath to produce nonferrous metal (where current exits the cell via a cathode).

Abstract: Nano polycrystalline diamond is composed of carbon, an element of different type which is an element other than carbon and is added to be dispersed in carbon at an atomic level, and an inevitable impurity. The polycrystalline diamond has a crystal grain size not greater than 500 nm. The polycrystalline diamond can be fabricated by subjecting graphite in which the element of different type which is an element other than carbon has been added to be dispersed in carbon at an atomic level to heat treatment within high-pressure press equipment.

Abstract: A softening apparatus in which resistance applied between electrodes is decreased to reduce power consumption. The softening apparatus includes a regeneration unit and a softening unit. The regeneration unit includes at least one anode and cathode in a first space which generate regeneration water containing hydrogen ions (H+). The softening unit is disposed in a second space partitioned from the first space and includes an ion exchange body regenerated by the regeneration water.

Abstract: An array of sensor devices, each sensor including a set of semiconducting nanotraces having a width less than about 100 nm is provided. Method for fabricating the arrays is disclosed, providing a top-down approach for large arrays with multiple copies of the detection device in a single processing step. Nanodimensional sensing elements with precise dimensions and spacing to avoid the influence of electrodes are provided. The arrays may be used for multiplex detection of chemical and biomolecular species. The regular arrays may be combined with parallel synthesis of anchor probe libraries to provide a multiplex diagnostic device. Applications for gas phase sensing, chemical sensing and solution phase biomolecular sensing are disclosed.

Abstract: Method and system for determining real time analyte concentration including an analyte sensor having a portion in fluid contact with an interstitial fluid under a skin layer, an on-body electronics including a housing coupled to the analyte sensor and configured for positioning on the skin layer, the on-body electronics housing including a plurality of electrical contacts, on the housing; and a data analysis unit having a data analysis unit housing and a plurality of probes, on the housing. Each of the probes configured to electrically couple to a respective electrical contact when the data analysis unit is positioned in physical contact with the on-body electronics. The one or more signals on the probes correspond to one or more of a substantially real time monitored analyte concentration level (MACL), MACL over a predetermined time period, or a rate of change of the MACL, or combinations thereof, are provided.

Abstract: Nano polycrystalline diamond is composed of carbon, an element of different type which is an element other than carbon and is added to be dispersed in carbon at an atomic level, and an inevitable impurity. The polycrystalline diamond has a crystal grain size not greater than 500 nm. The polycrystalline diamond can be fabricated by subjecting graphite in which the element of different type which is an element other than carbon has been added to be dispersed in carbon at an atomic level to heat treatment within high-pressure press equipment.

Abstract: A corrosion sensor retainer assembly and method for predicting and detecting corrosion within a gas delivery system of a semiconductor substrate processing apparatus. The corrosion sensor retainer assembly comprises a laminate that includes a first insulating layer with a first port and a second insulating layer with a second port, wherein the first port and the second port are configured to retain a seal. The corrosion sensor retainer assembly includes a conductor housed within the laminate. The conductor forms a path that extends around the first port and the second port. At least a portion of the conductor has an exposed surface with a property that changes in the presence of corrosive gas or acid.

Abstract: An electrosurgical system is disclosed. The system includes an electrosurgical instrument having at least one electrode configured as a first sensor for measuring a voltage drop therethrough and a temperature sensor for a thermal sensor configured to measure a temperature difference across the at least one electrode; and a generator including an output stage coupled to the at least one electrode, the output stage configured to generate radio frequency energy; and a controller configured to determine actual radio frequency current based on the voltage drop and electrical resistivity of the at least one electrode and radio frequency power based on the measured temperature difference and the thermal conductivity of the at least one electrode.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments relate to an improved method of strengthening glass substrates (e.g., soda lime silica glass substrates). In certain examples, a glass substrate may be chemically strengthened by creating an electric field within the glass. In certain cases, the chemical tempering may be performed by surrounding the substrate by a plasma including certain ions, such as Li+, K+, Mg2+, and/or the like. In some cases, these ions may be forced into the glass substrate due to the half-cycles of the electric field generated by the electrodes that formed the plasma. This may advantageously chemically strengthen a glass substrate on a substantially reduced time scale. In other example embodiments, an electric field may be set in a float bath such that sodium ions are driven from the molten glass ribbon into the tin bath, which may advantageously result in a stronger glass substrate with reduced sodium content.

Abstract: A double-layered transparent conductive film includes: a first substrate; a first imprint adhesive layer formed on the first substrate, the first imprint adhesive layer defining a first mesh-shaped groove, the first mesh-shaped groove forming a first mesh; a first conductive layer including conductive material filled in the first mesh-shaped groove; a tackifier layer formed on the first imprint adhesive layer and the first conductive layer; a second substrate formed on the tackifier layer; a second imprint adhesive layer formed on the second substrate, the second imprint adhesive layer defining a second mesh-shaped groove, the second mesh-shaped groove forming a second mesh, wherein one of the first mesh and the second mesh is a regular mesh, the other is a random mesh; and a second conductive layer including conductive material filled in the second mesh-shaped groove. During the lamination, no alignment accuracy is needed, such that the production efficiency is greatly improved.

Abstract: This disclosure describes metal air battery devices with an anode structure having a plurality of electrodes. An anode is disclosed having a metal source as well as a current collector that together function as an active, reversible, working anode. The source is used for metal-ions that are stripped and stored in the current collector. At this point the current collector contains the metal-ions to be propagated through the rest of the device. Metal-ions may be stripped from and deposited on the current collector, while metal-ions may only be stripped from the source. Upon use of the device metal-ions may be lost to the system for a variety of reasons. To counteract the loss of metal-ions, the current collector is replenished of metal-ions from the source.

Abstract: A light absorbing layer for a photoelectrode structure, the light absorbing layer including copper oxide, wherein metallic copper (Cu) is present at a grain boundary of the copper oxide. Also, a photoelectrode structure including the light absorbing layer, a photoelectrochemical cell including the photoelectrode structure, and a solar cell including the light absorbing layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for CO2 reduction using an Au25 electrode. The Au25 electrode is comprised of ligand-protected Au25 having a structure comprising an icosahedral core of 13 atoms surrounded by a shell of six semi-ring structures bonded to the core of 13 atoms, where each semi-ring structure is typically —SR—Au—SR—Au—SR or —SeR—Au—SeR—Au—SeR. The 12 semi-ring gold atoms within the six semi-ring structures are stellated on 12 of the 20 faces of the icosahedron of the Au13 core, and organic ligand —SR or —SeR groups are bonded to the Au13 core with sulfur or selenium atoms. The Au25 electrode and a counter-electrode are in contact with an electrolyte comprising CO2 and H+, and a potential of at least ?0.1 volts is applied from the Au25 electrode to the counter-electrode.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for electroplating are described. Apparatus described herein include anode supports including positioning mechanisms that maintain a consistent distance between the surface of the wafer and the surface of a consumable anode during plating. Greater uniformity control is achieved.

Abstract: An electrochemical device comprises an anode and a cathode. An electrocatalyst mixture is placed between said anode and cathode. The electrocatalyst mixture comprises at least one Catalytically Active Element and, separately, at least one Helper Catalyst comprising an organic molecule, an organic ion, or a mixture of organic molecules and organic ions. The electrocatalyst mixture electrochemically converts carbon dioxide to one or more carbonaceous reaction products via the reaction: CO2+2e?+2H+?carbonaceous reaction products, at overpotentials of 0.9 V or less.

Abstract: A method for the photoelectrocatalytic production of hydrogen and oxygen from water, is carried out by: (a) providing a photohydride proton reduction catalyst and a photoanode having water oxidation catalyst operatively associated therewith, both in an aquous electrolyte solution,wherein the photohydride proton reduction catalyst comprises a single-component light absorbing catalytic metal complex of the formula AXB, wherein A is a coordinated aromatic group, X is a metal, and B is a bidentate organic ligand; and (b) illuminating the photoanode and the photohydride proton reduction catalyst with visible light to generate O2 by the action of the water oxidation catalyst and H2 by the action of the photohydride proton reduction catalyst. Constructs and apparatus useful for carrying out the method are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for the electrolytic splitting of water into hydrogen and/or oxygen, the apparatus comprising: (i) at least one lithographically-patternable substrate having a surface; (ii) a plurality of microscaled catalytic electrodes embedded in said surface; (iii) at least one counter electrode in proximity to but not on said surface; (iv) means for collecting evolved hydrogen and/or oxygen gas; (v) electrical powering means for applying a voltage across said plurality of microscaled catalytic electrodes and said at least one counter electrode; and (vi) a container for holding an aqueous electrolyte and housing said plurality of microscaled catalytic electrodes and said at least one counter electrode. Electrolytic processes using the above electrolytic apparatus or functional mimics thereof are also described.

Abstract: An exemplary electrolyzer includes an electrode plate assembly including a plurality of perforated electrode plates and electrically conductive busbars. The plurality of electrode plates includes one or more positive electrode plates interleaved with one or more negative electrode plates. Each electrode plate has a first aperture and a second aperture, the second aperture being larger than the first aperture and lined with a non-conductive grommet. The plurality of electrically conductive busbars includes a first positive conductive busbar and a first negative conductive busbar. Respective conductive busbars extend through the first aperture of corresponding positive and negative electrodes and through the non-conductive grommet of the second aperture of each corresponding negative and positive electrode.

Abstract: The hydrogen production device of the present invention includes: a first electrode including a conductive substrate and a photocatalytic semiconductor layer; a second electrode that is electrically connected to the first electrode and disposed in a second region opposite to a first region relative to the first electrode; the first region is defined as a region on a side of a surface of the first electrode in which the photocatalytic semiconductor layer is provided; a water-containing electrolyte solution; and a housing containing these. The first electrode is provided with first through-holes and the second electrode is provided with second through-holes; and the first through-holes and second through-holes form a communicating hole for allowing the first region and the second region to communicate with each other. An ion exchange membrane having substantially the same shape as the communicating hole is disposed in the communicating hole to close the communicating hole.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed at clathrate (Type I) allotropes of silicon, germanium and tin. In method form, the present disclosure is directed at methods for forming clathrate allotropes of silicon, germanium or tin which methods lead to the formation of empty cage structures suitable for use as electrodes in rechargeable type batteries.

Abstract: A cell for direct treatment of liquid using electrolysis uses a modular construction of electrode plates and spacer assemblies positioned between end plates. Changes in the liquid flow capacity of the cell may be made by changing the number of module housing sections and electrode plate assemblies. The design includes electrode plates that lock into a mating module housing section to resist the pressure of the fluid being treated. The design further provides for multiple fluid flow paths and for automatic cleaning of the cell using standard clean-in-place methods.

Abstract: In embodiments there are disclosed a substantially flat, flow through electrode, electrochemical cells comprising substantially flat flow through cathodes, and methods for electrochemically recovering a metal substantially liquid at room temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anode for electrowinning process in an electrolytic cell, and the method of operation thereof, having cell walls and a cell bottom for holding an electrolyte and electrolyte feeding means, which anode comprises a hanger bar for supporting the anode, a conducting rod for distributing the current, an anode body having at least partly conductive structure. The anode body allows electrolyte penetration and is at least partly covered by electrocatalytic coating, when in connection with the anode there is arranged a non-conductive element, which is restricted to the conductive structure of the anode body, at least from its one side, and which non-conductive element is arranged at a distance A from the electrolyte surface level, when the non-conductive element provides a means for attaching the anode to the cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic coating suitable for oxygen-evolving anodes in electrochemical processes. The catalytic coating comprises an outermost layer with an iridium and tantalum oxide-based composition modified with amounts not higher than 5% by weight of titanium oxide.

Abstract: A flowing junction reference electrode comprising a liquid junction member matched with a filter. The junction member and the filter are situated between a reference electrolyte solution and a sample solution. An array of nanochannels spans the junction member and provides fluid communication between the electrolyte solution and the sample solution. The filter is configured to allow a greater flux of electrolyte than that associated with the junction member. Preferably, the number of pores is greater than the number of nanochannels. The filter is preferably configured to have pores with an inner diameter that is the same or less than the inner diameter of the nanochannels. In some embodiment, the resistance of the filter is made lower relative to the resistance of the junction member by selecting suitable length, number, and inner diameter size for the pores of the filter relative to the nanochannels of the junction member.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to techniques for electro-depositing nano-patterns. More specifically, systems and methods for fabricating periodic structures in complex nano-patterns are described. An electrical signal may be applied to one or more electrodes that are positioned about a surface of a substrate. The periodicity of the deposited pattern may be influenced by one or more parameters associated with an applied electrical signal, including one or more of frequency, amplitude, period, duty cycle, etc. The weight of each deposited line on the substrate may be influenced by the described parameters, and the shape of the pattern may be influenced by the number, shape, and position of electrodes.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed at an electrode for a battery wherein the electrode comprises clathrate alloys of silicon, germanium or tin. In method form, the present disclosure is directed at methods of forming clathrate alloys of silicon, germanium or tin which methods lead to the formation of empty cage structures suitable for use as electrodes in rechargeable type batteries.

Abstract: Embodiments include a cathode power distribution system and/or method of using the same for power distribution. The cathode power distribution system includes a plurality of cathode assemblies. Each cathode assembly of the plurality of cathode assemblies includes a plurality of cathode rods. The system also includes a plurality of bus bars configured to distribute current to each of the plurality of cathode assemblies. The plurality of bus bars include a first bus bar configured to distribute the current to first ends of the plurality of cathode assemblies and a second bus bar configured to distribute the current to second ends of the plurality of cathode assemblies.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the use of a split and single electrical cells in industrial applications, and particularly in aseptic packaging applications.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect of the present invention, a layered catalyst having an active area is provided. In at least one embodiment, the layered electrode includes a first catalyst layer having a first noble metal concentration and a first ionomer concentration, and a second catalyst layer disposed next to the first catalyst layer, the second catalyst layer having a second noble metal concentration different from the first noble metal concentration and a second ionomer concentration different from the first ionomer concentration. In at least another embodiment, the metallic alloy includes a metallic alloy of platinum, nickel, and cobalt.

Abstract: Nanoscale probes for forming stable, non-destructive seals with cell membranes. The probes, systems including these probes, and methods of fabricating and using the probes described herein may be used to sense from, stimulate, modify, or otherwise effect individual cells or groups of cells. In particular, described herein are nanoscale cellular probes that may be used to span the lipid membrane of a cell to provide stable and long lasting access to the internal cellular structures. Thus, the probes described herein may be used as part of a system, method or device that would benefit from stable, non-destructive access across a cell membrane. In some variations the nanoscale probe devices or systems described herein may be used as part of a drug screening procedure.